EP1655483B1 - Valve to inject fuel - Google Patents

Valve to inject fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1655483B1
EP1655483B1 EP05109378A EP05109378A EP1655483B1 EP 1655483 B1 EP1655483 B1 EP 1655483B1 EP 05109378 A EP05109378 A EP 05109378A EP 05109378 A EP05109378 A EP 05109378A EP 1655483 B1 EP1655483 B1 EP 1655483B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
fuel
cone
edge
valve body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
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EP05109378A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1655483A1 (en
Inventor
Erwin Achleitner
Claus Anzinger
Willibald SCHÜRZ
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Continental Automotive GmbH
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Siemens AG
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Publication of EP1655483A1 publication Critical patent/EP1655483A1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a valve for injecting fuel, which has a valve body having a recess in which a valve needle is arranged axially movable, which forms an injection nozzle in a downstream region with the valve body.
  • the WO 03/038271 A1 discloses a fuel injector with a valve needle having a closure body.
  • the closing body has a conical surface which widens in the outflow direction and which cooperates with a corresponding seating surface of a valve body.
  • the GB 3694 A discloses a fuel injector having a valve body having a nozzle plate with a knife-like edge on the discharge side, which projects into a fuel flow for preventing deposits in a spray-discharge opening of the valve body.
  • the US 4,417,694 A discloses an injection valve with a valve needle having a flat deflecting edge on the discharge side, which is arranged so that a direction of the fuel flow, which impinges on the deflecting edge during injection, is changed in order to achieve a hollow conical spray pattern.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a valve in which a spray pattern of the injected fuel is permanently protected against deposition-related changes and is easy and inexpensive to produce.
  • the invention is characterized by a valve for injecting fuel, which has a valve body having a recess in which a valve needle is arranged axially movable.
  • the valve needle forms an injection nozzle in a downstream region with the valve body.
  • the valve needle prevents a fuel flow through the injector in a closed position and otherwise releases it.
  • the injector has at a downstream end a deflector which is arranged to deflect a flow of fuel from a direction upstream of the deflector.
  • the deflector is applied as a coating.
  • the deflection element may be formed on the valve body or on the valve needle.
  • the injector includes a gap provided between the valve body and the valve needle in the downstream region.
  • the fuel may be gaseous or liquid.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that form deposits in areas of a valve, which are exposed to hot combustion gases and are not flown by the fuel flow at a high flow rate, during operation.
  • These deposits which consist essentially of carbon, can be produced at high temperatures by coking of fuel residues at the injection nozzle or by combustion residues from the combustion gases. These deposits can grow so much that they extend into the fuel stream and so undesirable from the fuel flow Distract upstream prevailing flow direction. A spray pattern of the valve can be adversely affected.
  • the fuel stream flows to the baffle at the high flow rate, thereby allowing combustion debris or coking nuclei deposited on the baffle to be flushed away from the baffle due to the high flow rate of the fuel stream. This is particularly the case when the deflector is arranged and formed as deposits that would arise if the deflector was not provided. A force exerted on the deposit by the fuel flow is then greater than an adhesion force of the deposits.
  • the baffle thereby has the function of artificial deposition or coking, which corresponds to artificial aging of the valve with respect to deposits or coking.
  • the deflector is to change a spray pattern of the injected fuel as deposits and coking at the injector after a longer period of operation change the spray pattern.
  • the recess widens in the outflow region in the flow direction conically or spherically towards a first edge.
  • the valve needle has a conical or spherical in the flow direction at an outgoing end towards a second edge widening closing body.
  • the closing body is seated in the closed position in the outflow region of the valve body on the wall of the recess.
  • the second edge is arranged downstream of the first edge. It has been found that this is particularly advantageous for good combustion of the fuel.
  • the deflecting element is formed in a region adjacent to the second edge.
  • Figure 1 shows a valve for injecting fuel, in particular for internal combustion engines in motor vehicles for injecting fuel.
  • the valve has an injector housing 1, in which a bore 2 is formed, and a port 3, which is coupled to the bore 2 and through which fuel can be supplied to the valve.
  • the valve further comprises a valve body 4 with a recess 5, in which a valve needle 6 is arranged axially movable, which closes an injection nozzle 7 in a closed position and otherwise allows a flow of fuel through the injection nozzle 7.
  • the valve further comprises a lifting device with an actuator 8 and a compensation element 9, which are coupled together in the axial direction.
  • the actuator 8 is for example a piezoelectric actuator.
  • the stroke of the lifting device is dependent on the axial extent of the actuator 8, which is dependent on a control signal.
  • the lifting device is coupled to the valve needle 6 and cooperates with the valve needle 6 so that the stroke of the lifting device is transmitted to the valve needle 6 and that the valve needle 6 is moved to its closed position or into an open position.
  • FIG. 3 shows an enlarged detail of the downstream region of the valve according to FIG. 2.
  • the recess 5 in the valve body 4 widens conically in a downstream region of the valve body 4 a first edge 11 and thus forms an inner cone 12 of the valve body 4.
  • the inner cone 12 of the valve body 4 has a setting angle ⁇ , which is related to a longitudinal axis 13 of the recess 5.
  • the valve needle 6 has at its downstream end a closing body 14, which has a first cone 15 and a second cone 16.
  • a setting angle of the first cone 15 is slightly smaller than the setting angle ⁇ of the inner cone 12 of the valve body 4 and a setting angle of the second cone 16 is slightly larger than the setting angle ⁇ of the inner cone 12 of the valve body 4.
  • the setting angles of the first cone 15 and the second cone 16 are also based on the longitudinal axis 13 of the recess 5 as the setting angle ⁇ .
  • the closing body 14 sits with a transition region between the first cone 15 and the second cone 16 on the inner cone 12 of the valve body 4, which forms a valve seat 17.
  • the transition region between the first cone 15 and the second cone 16 may be rounded or have a further cone whose setting angle is preferably approximately equal to the setting angle ⁇ of the inner cone 12 of the valve body 4.
  • the first cone 15 and the second cone 16 may adjoin one another directly.
  • a gap 18 is formed downstream of the valve seat 17 between the first cone 15 and the inner cone 12 of the valve body 4.
  • the inner cone 12 of the valve body 4, the first Cone 15, the second cone 16 and the transition region form the injection nozzle. 7
  • the first cone 15 extends to a second edge 19 at a downstream end of the injection nozzle 7.
  • the second edge 19 is preferably a greater distance from the valve seat 17 than the first edge 11 of the valve body 4. It has shown that this has an advantageous effect on the spray pattern 10, thus enabling better combustion.
  • deposits are formed, which are formed due to high temperatures in the combustion of the fuel from fuel residues in the gap 18 or by combustion residues in the combustion gases. These deposits are also known as coking.
  • the coking in the downstream end of the injection nozzle 7 may cause the fuel flow flowing out of the injection nozzle 7 to be deflected from its upstream prevailing flow direction, thereby undesirably changing the spray pattern 10.
  • a deflector 20 is provided to prevent the unwanted change of the spray pattern 10 by coking.
  • the baffle 20 preferably deflects the fuel flow as well as the coking that would form in this area after a longer period of operation if the baffle 20 were not provided.
  • the deflector 20 thus corresponds to an artificial coking or an artificial aging with respect to the coking of the valve.
  • the baffle 20 changes the flow direction of the fuel flow from a first flow direction 21, which would be at a corresponding valve without the baffle 20 and without coking, toward a second flow direction 22 of the fuel flow.
  • the setting angle ⁇ By changing the setting angle ⁇ , the flow direction of the fuel flow can be corrected accordingly, in this embodiment by reducing the setting angle ⁇ by an angle by which the fuel flow is deflected by the deflector 20 from the flow direction prevailing upstream of the deflector 20.
  • the setting angles of the first cone 15 and the second cone 16 are corrected accordingly.
  • the baffle 20 is arranged and configured to cause deposits deposited in the area flowed by the fuel stream to be flushed away from the baffle 20 during subsequent injections, as the baffle 20 preferably extends to a portion of the fuel flow in which suitable high flow rate prevails.
  • the deflecting element 20 may be formed integrally with the valve needle 6.
  • the deflecting element 20 is designed as a coating 23, which can also extend to an outer region of the valve body 4 or the valve needle 6.
  • a coating can be produced very simply and inexpensively.
  • the coating 23 may, for example, be applied as a carbon layer.
  • the coating 23 may be made of other suitable materials be prepared, in particular, the high temperatures during combustion processes withstand.
  • the coating 23 may also be applied only to the downstream end of the injector 7 to form the deflector 20.
  • the inner cone 12 of the valve body 4 or the closing body 14 in a region of the first cone 15, the second cone 16 and the transition region may also be spherical.
  • the deflector 20 may also be disposed at a downstream end of the inner cone 12 of the valve body 4.
  • FIG. 4 shows a nozzle device with a nozzle body 24, in which an injection nozzle 7 is formed.
  • the deflector 20 is arranged.
  • the deflection element 20 may be formed integrally with the nozzle body 24 or may be applied to the nozzle body 24 by the coating 23.
  • the nozzle device may also be formed in several pieces, so that the injection nozzle 7 is formed by further components.
  • the deflection element 20 on the injection nozzle 7 can be achieved that both in a new state of the valve or the nozzle device as well as after a longer period of operation of the valve or the nozzle device, the spray pattern 10 has a desired, low-incineration shape.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Ventil zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff, das einen Ventilkörper hat, der eine Ausnehmung aufweist, in der eine Ventilnadel axial bewegbar angeordnet ist, die in einem abströmseitigen Bereich mit dem Ventilkörper eine Einspritzdüse bildet.The invention relates to a valve for injecting fuel, which has a valve body having a recess in which a valve needle is arranged axially movable, which forms an injection nozzle in a downstream region with the valve body.

Die WO 03/038271 A1 offenbart ein Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit einer Ventilnadel, die einen Verschließkörper aufweist. Der Verschließkörper weist eine sich in Abströmrichtung weitende Kegelfläche auf, die mit einer entsprechenden Sitzfläche eines Ventilkörpers zusammenwirkt.The WO 03/038271 A1 discloses a fuel injector with a valve needle having a closure body. The closing body has a conical surface which widens in the outflow direction and which cooperates with a corresponding seating surface of a valve body.

Die GB 3694 A offenbart ein Kraftstoffeinspritzventil mit einem Ventilkörper, der abspritzseitig eine Düsenplatte mit einer messerartigen Kante aufweist, die in einen Kraftstoffstrom hineinragt zum Verhindern von Ablagerungen in einer Abspritzöffnung des Ventilkörpers.The GB 3694 A discloses a fuel injector having a valve body having a nozzle plate with a knife-like edge on the discharge side, which projects into a fuel flow for preventing deposits in a spray-discharge opening of the valve body.

Die US 4,417,694 A offenbart ein Einspritzventil mit einer Ventilnadel, die abspritzseitig eine flache Umlenkkante aufweist, die so angeordnet ist, dass eine Richtung des Kraftstoffstroms, der beim Einspritzen auf die Umlenkkante auftrifft, geändert wird zum Erzielen eines hohlkegelförmigen Spritzbildes.The US 4,417,694 A discloses an injection valve with a valve needle having a flat deflecting edge on the discharge side, which is arranged so that a direction of the fuel flow, which impinges on the deflecting edge during injection, is changed in order to achieve a hollow conical spray pattern.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Ventil zu schaffen, bei dem ein Sprühbild des eingespritzten Brennstoffs dauerhaft vor ablagerungsbedingten Veränderungen geschützt ist und das einfach und preisgünstig herstellbar ist.The invention has for its object to provide a valve in which a spray pattern of the injected fuel is permanently protected against deposition-related changes and is easy and inexpensive to produce.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Patentansprüche. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.The object is solved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung zeichnet sich aus durch ein Ventil zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff, das einen Ventilkörper hat, der eine Ausnehmung aufweist, in der eine Ventilnadel axial bewegbar angeordnet ist. Die Ventilnadel bildet in einem abströmseitigen Bereich mit dem Ventilkörper eine Einspritzdüse. Die Ventilnadel unterbindet in einer Schließposition einen Brennstoffstrom durch die Einspritzdüse und gibt diesen ansonsten frei. Die Einspritzdüse weist an einem abströmseitigen Ende ein Ablenkelement auf, das so angeordnet ist, dass ein Brennstoffstrom aus einer stromaufwärts des Ablenkelements vorherrschenden Strömungsrichtung abgelenkt wird. Das Ablenkelement ist als eine Beschichtung aufgebracht. Das Ablenkelement kann an dem Ventilkörper oder an der Ventilnadel ausgebildet sein. Die Einspritzdüse umfasst einen Spalt, der zwischen dem Ventilkörper und der Ventilnadel in dem abströmseitigen Bereich vorgesehen ist. Der Brennstoff kann gasförmig oder flüssig sein.The invention is characterized by a valve for injecting fuel, which has a valve body having a recess in which a valve needle is arranged axially movable. The valve needle forms an injection nozzle in a downstream region with the valve body. The valve needle prevents a fuel flow through the injector in a closed position and otherwise releases it. The injector has at a downstream end a deflector which is arranged to deflect a flow of fuel from a direction upstream of the deflector. The deflector is applied as a coating. The deflection element may be formed on the valve body or on the valve needle. The injector includes a gap provided between the valve body and the valve needle in the downstream region. The fuel may be gaseous or liquid.

Die Erfindung beruht auf der Erkenntnis, dass sich an Bereichen eines Ventils, die heißen Verbrennungsgasen ausgesetzt sind und die nicht von dem Brennstoffstrom mit einer hohen Strömungsgeschwindigkeit angeströmt werden, während des Betriebs Ablagerungen bilden. Diese Ablagerungen, die im Wesentlichen aus Kohlenstoff bestehen, können bei hohen Temperaturen durch ein Verkoken von Brennstoffrückständen an der Einspritzdüse oder durch Verbrennungsrückstände aus den Verbrennungsgasen entstehen. Diese Ablagerungen können so weit anwachsen, dass sie sich bis in den Brennstoffstrom erstrecken und so den Brennstoffstrom unerwünscht aus der stromaufwärts vorherrschenden Strömungsrichtung ablenken. Ein Sprühbild des Ventils kann dadurch nachteilig verändert sein.The invention is based on the recognition that form deposits in areas of a valve, which are exposed to hot combustion gases and are not flown by the fuel flow at a high flow rate, during operation. These deposits, which consist essentially of carbon, can be produced at high temperatures by coking of fuel residues at the injection nozzle or by combustion residues from the combustion gases. These deposits can grow so much that they extend into the fuel stream and so undesirable from the fuel flow Distract upstream prevailing flow direction. A spray pattern of the valve can be adversely affected.

Der Brennstoffstrom strömt das Ablenkelement mit der hohen Strömungsgeschwindigkeit an und ermöglicht so, dass gegebenenfalls an dem Ablenkelement abgelagerte Verbrennungsrückstände oder Verkokungskeime aufgrund der hohen Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Brennstoffstroms von dem Ablenkelement weggespült werden. Dies ist insbesondere dann der Fall, wenn das Ablenkelement so angeordnet und ausgebildet ist, wie Ablagerungen, die entstehen würden, wenn das Ablenkelement nicht vorgesehen wäre. Eine durch den Brennstoffstrom auf die Ablagerung ausgeübte Kraft ist dann größer als eine Adhäsionskraft der Ablagerungen. Das Ablenkelement hat dadurch die Funktion einer künstlichen Ablagerung oder Verkokung, die einer künstlichen Alterung des Ventils in Bezug auf Ablagerungen oder Verkokung entspricht.The fuel stream flows to the baffle at the high flow rate, thereby allowing combustion debris or coking nuclei deposited on the baffle to be flushed away from the baffle due to the high flow rate of the fuel stream. This is particularly the case when the deflector is arranged and formed as deposits that would arise if the deflector was not provided. A force exerted on the deposit by the fuel flow is then greater than an adhesion force of the deposits. The baffle thereby has the function of artificial deposition or coking, which corresponds to artificial aging of the valve with respect to deposits or coking.

Das Ablenkelement soll ein Sprühbild des eingespritzten Brennstoffs so verändern, wie Ablagerungen und Verkokung an der Einspritzdüse nach einer längeren Betriebsdauer das Sprühbild verändern. Durch Vorsehen des Ablenkelements und durch Berücksichtigen des Ablenkens des Brennstoffstroms durch eine geeignete Anpassung der Geometrie der Einspritzdüse kann der Brennstoff dauerhaft ohne Veränderung des Sprühbilds durch weitere Ablagerungen eingespritzt werden. Die Beschichtung ist besonders einfach und preisgünstig herstellbar.The deflector is to change a spray pattern of the injected fuel as deposits and coking at the injector after a longer period of operation change the spray pattern. By providing the baffle element and by taking into account the deflection of the fuel stream by a suitable adjustment of the geometry of the injection nozzle, the fuel can be injected permanently without changing the spray pattern by further deposits. The coating is particularly simple and inexpensive to produce.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des Ventils weitet sich die Ausnehmung in dem abströmseitigen Bereich in der Strömungsrichtung kegelförmig oder kugelförmig hin zu einer ersten Kante. Die Ventilnadel weist an einem abströmseitigen Ende einen sich in der Strömungsrichtung kegelförmig oder kugelförmig hin zu einer zweiten Kante weitenden Schließkörper auf. Der Schließkörper sitzt in der Schließposition in dem abströmseitigen Bereich des Ventilkörpers auf der Wandung der Ausnehmung auf. Ein solches Ventil ermöglicht ein gleichmäßiges, hohlkegelförmiges Sprühbild durch ein nach außen öffnendes Ventil. Dieses Sprühbild ist vorteilhaft für eine gute Verbrennung des Brennstoffs, d.h. eine vollständige und schadstoffarme Verbrennung des Brennstoffs.In an advantageous embodiment of the valve, the recess widens in the outflow region in the flow direction conically or spherically towards a first edge. The valve needle has a conical or spherical in the flow direction at an outgoing end towards a second edge widening closing body. The closing body is seated in the closed position in the outflow region of the valve body on the wall of the recess. Such a valve allows a uniform, hollow cone-shaped spray pattern through an outwardly opening valve. This spray pattern is advantageous for a good combustion of the fuel, ie a complete and low-emission combustion of the fuel.

In diesem Zusammenhang ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die zweite Kante stromabwärts der ersten Kante angeordnet ist. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass dies besonders vorteilhaft ist für eine gute Verbrennung des Brennstoffs.In this context, it is advantageous if the second edge is arranged downstream of the first edge. It has been found that this is particularly advantageous for good combustion of the fuel.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des Ventils ist das Ablenkelement in einem an die zweite Kante angrenzenden Bereich ausgebildet. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die Ventilnadel einfach und preisgünstig herstellbar ist.In a further advantageous embodiment of the valve, the deflecting element is formed in a region adjacent to the second edge. This has the advantage that the valve needle is simple and inexpensive to produce.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind im Folgenden anhand der schematischen Zeichnungen erläutert.Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the schematic drawings.

Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 ein Ventil,
  • Figur 2 ein abströmseitiger Bereich des Ventils gemäß Figur 1,
  • Figur 3 ein vergrößerter Ausschnitt des abströmseitigen Bereichs des Ventils gemäß Figur 2, und
  • Figur 4 eine Düsenvorrichtung.
Show it:
  • FIG. 1 a valve,
  • FIG. 2 shows an outflow-side region of the valve according to FIG. 1,
  • 3 shows an enlarged section of the downstream region of the valve according to FIG. 2, and FIG
  • FIG. 4 shows a nozzle device.

Elemente gleicher Konstruktion oder Funktion sind figurenübergreifend mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Elements of the same construction or function are provided across the figures with the same reference numerals.

Figur 1 zeigt ein Ventil zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff, insbesondere für Brennkraftmaschinen in Kraftfahrzeugen zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff. Das Ventil hat ein Injektorgehäuse 1, in dem eine Bohrung 2 ausgebildet ist, und einen Anschluss 3, der mit der Bohrung 2 gekoppelt ist und durch den dem Ventil Kraftstoff zugeführt werden kann. Das Ventil umfasst ferner einen Ventilkörper 4 mit einer Ausnehmung 5, in der eine Ventilnadel 6 axial bewegbar angeordnet ist, die in einer Schließposition eine Einspritzdüse 7 verschließt und andernfalls einen Brennstoffstrom durch die Einspritzdüse 7 zulässt. Das Ventil umfasst ferner eine Hubvorrichtung mit einem Aktor 8 und einem Ausgleichselement 9, die in axialer Richtung miteinander gekoppelt sind. Der Aktor 8 ist beispielsweise ein Piezoaktor. Der Hub der Hubvorrichtung ist abhängig von der axialen Ausdehnung des Aktors 8, die abhängig ist von einem Stellsignal. Die Hubvorrichtung ist gekoppelt mit der Ventilnadel 6 und wirkt derart mit der Ventilnadel 6 zusammen, dass der Hub der Hubvorrichtung auf die Ventilnadel 6 übertragen wird und dass die Ventilnadel 6 so in ihre Schließposition oder in eine Offenposition bewegt wird.Figure 1 shows a valve for injecting fuel, in particular for internal combustion engines in motor vehicles for injecting fuel. The valve has an injector housing 1, in which a bore 2 is formed, and a port 3, which is coupled to the bore 2 and through which fuel can be supplied to the valve. The valve further comprises a valve body 4 with a recess 5, in which a valve needle 6 is arranged axially movable, which closes an injection nozzle 7 in a closed position and otherwise allows a flow of fuel through the injection nozzle 7. The valve further comprises a lifting device with an actuator 8 and a compensation element 9, which are coupled together in the axial direction. The actuator 8 is for example a piezoelectric actuator. The stroke of the lifting device is dependent on the axial extent of the actuator 8, which is dependent on a control signal. The lifting device is coupled to the valve needle 6 and cooperates with the valve needle 6 so that the stroke of the lifting device is transmitted to the valve needle 6 and that the valve needle 6 is moved to its closed position or into an open position.

Figur 2 zeigt einen abströmseitigen Bereich des Ventils mit einem angedeuteten, hohlkegelförmigen Sprühbild 10. Figur 3 zeigt einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt des abströmseitigen Bereichs des Ventils gemäß Figur 2. Die Ausnehmung 5 in dem Ventilkörper 4 weitet sich in einem abströmseitigen Bereich des Ventilkörpers 4 kegelförmig hin zu einer ersten Kante 11 und bildet so einen Innenkegel 12 des Ventilkörpers 4. Der Innenkegel 12 des Ventilkörpers 4 weist einen Einstellwinkel α auf, der auf eine Längsachse 13 der Ausnehmung 5 bezogen ist.3 shows an enlarged detail of the downstream region of the valve according to FIG. 2. The recess 5 in the valve body 4 widens conically in a downstream region of the valve body 4 a first edge 11 and thus forms an inner cone 12 of the valve body 4. The inner cone 12 of the valve body 4 has a setting angle α, which is related to a longitudinal axis 13 of the recess 5.

Die Ventilnadel 6 hat an ihrem abströmseitigen Ende einen Schließkörper 14, der einen ersten Kegel 15 und einen zweiten Kegel 16 aufweist. Ein Einstellwinkel des ersten Kegels 15 ist etwas kleiner als der Einstellwinkel α des Innenkegels 12 des Ventilkörpers 4 und ein Einstellwinkel des zweiten Kegels 16 ist etwas größer als der Einstellwinkel α des Innenkegels 12 des Ventilkörpers 4. Die Einstellwinkel des ersten Kegels 15 und des zweiten Kegels 16 sind ebenso bezogen auf die Längsachse 13 der Ausnehmung 5 wie der Einstellwinkel α.The valve needle 6 has at its downstream end a closing body 14, which has a first cone 15 and a second cone 16. A setting angle of the first cone 15 is slightly smaller than the setting angle α of the inner cone 12 of the valve body 4 and a setting angle of the second cone 16 is slightly larger than the setting angle α of the inner cone 12 of the valve body 4. The setting angles of the first cone 15 and the second cone 16 are also based on the longitudinal axis 13 of the recess 5 as the setting angle α.

In der Schließposition des Ventils sitzt der Schließkörper 14 mit einem Übergangsbereich zwischen dem ersten Kegel 15 und dem zweiten Kegel 16 auf dem Innenkegel 12 des Ventilkörpers 4 auf, der einen Ventilsitz 17 bildet. Der Übergangsbereich zwischen dem ersten Kegel 15 und dem zweiten Kegel 16 kann abgerundet sein oder einen weiteren Kegel aufweisen, dessen Einstellwinkel vorzugsweise etwa gleich dem Einstellwinkel α des Innenkegels 12 des Ventilkörpers 4 ist. Ebenso können der erste Kegel 15 und der zweite Kegel 16 unmittelbar aneinander grenzen. Somit ist sichergestellt, dass auch bei fertigungstechnisch unvermeidlichen Toleranzen bei der Herstellung des Innenkegels 12 des Ventilkörpers 4, des ersten Kegels 15 oder des zweiten Kegels 16 das Ventil in der Schließposition zuverlässig den Brennstoffstrom unterbindet. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Einstellwinkel des ersten Kegels 15 und des Einstellwinkels α des Innenkegels 12 des Ventilkörpers 4 ist stromabwärts des Ventilsitzes 17 ein Spalt 18 zwischen dem ersten Kegel 15 und dem Innenkegel 12 des Ventilkörpers 4 ausgebildet. Der Innenkegel 12 des Ventilkörpers 4, der erste Kegel 15, der zweite Kegel 16 und der Übergangsbereich bilden die Einspritzdüse 7.In the closed position of the valve, the closing body 14 sits with a transition region between the first cone 15 and the second cone 16 on the inner cone 12 of the valve body 4, which forms a valve seat 17. The transition region between the first cone 15 and the second cone 16 may be rounded or have a further cone whose setting angle is preferably approximately equal to the setting angle α of the inner cone 12 of the valve body 4. Likewise, the first cone 15 and the second cone 16 may adjoin one another directly. Thus, it is ensured that even with manufacturing tolerances unavoidable in the manufacture of the inner cone 12 of the valve body 4, the first cone 15 or the second cone 16, the valve in the closed position reliably prevents the fuel flow. Due to the different setting angles of the first cone 15 and the setting angle α of the inner cone 12 of the valve body 4, a gap 18 is formed downstream of the valve seat 17 between the first cone 15 and the inner cone 12 of the valve body 4. The inner cone 12 of the valve body 4, the first Cone 15, the second cone 16 and the transition region form the injection nozzle. 7

Der erste Kegel 15 erstreckt sich bis zu einer zweiten Kante 19 an einem abströmseitigen Ende der Einspritzdüse 7. In der Schließposition der Ventilnadel 6 hat die zweite Kante 19 vorzugsweise einen größeren Abstand von dem Ventilsitz 17 als die erste Kante 11 des Ventilkörpers 4. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass sich dies vorteilhaft auf das Sprühbild 10 auswirkt und somit eine bessere Verbrennung ermöglicht. Es hat sich jedoch ebenso gezeigt, dass während des Betriebs des Ventils in einem Bereich der zweiten Kante 19 Ablagerungen entstehen, die aufgrund von hohen Temperaturen bei der Verbrennung des Brennstoffs aus Brennstoffrückständen in dem Spalt 18 oder durch Verbrennungsrückstände in den Verbrennungsgasen gebildet werden. Diese Ablagerungen werden auch als Verkokung bezeichnet. Die Verkokung in dem abströmseitigen Ende der Einspritzdüse 7 kann dazu führen, dass der aus der Einspritzdüse 7 strömende Brennstoffstrom von seiner stromaufwärts vorherrschenden Strömungsrichtung abgelenkt wird und so das Sprühbild 10 auf unerwünschte Weise verändert.The first cone 15 extends to a second edge 19 at a downstream end of the injection nozzle 7. In the closed position of the valve needle 6, the second edge 19 is preferably a greater distance from the valve seat 17 than the first edge 11 of the valve body 4. It has shown that this has an advantageous effect on the spray pattern 10, thus enabling better combustion. However, it has also been found that during operation of the valve in a region of the second edge 19 deposits are formed, which are formed due to high temperatures in the combustion of the fuel from fuel residues in the gap 18 or by combustion residues in the combustion gases. These deposits are also known as coking. The coking in the downstream end of the injection nozzle 7 may cause the fuel flow flowing out of the injection nozzle 7 to be deflected from its upstream prevailing flow direction, thereby undesirably changing the spray pattern 10.

An dem abströmseitigen Ende der Einspritzdüse 7 ist ein Ablenkelement 20 vorgesehen, um die unerwünschte Veränderung des Sprühbilds 10 durch Verkokung zu verhindern. Das Ablenkelement 20 lenkt den Brennstoffstrom vorzugsweise ebenso ab, wie die Verkokung, die sich nach einer längeren Betriebsdauer in diesem Bereich bilden würde, wenn das Ablenkelement 20 nicht vorgesehen wäre. Das Ablenkelement 20 entspricht somit einer künstlichen Verkokung oder einer künstlichen Alterung hinsichtlich der Verkokung des Ventils. Durch zusätzliche Anpassung des Ventilkörpers 4 und des Schließkörpers 14 der Ventilnadel 6 kann das Sprühbild 10 wie gewünscht geformt und dauerhaft vor unerwünschten Veränderungen durch Verkokung geschützt sein.At the downstream end of the injection nozzle 7, a deflector 20 is provided to prevent the unwanted change of the spray pattern 10 by coking. The baffle 20 preferably deflects the fuel flow as well as the coking that would form in this area after a longer period of operation if the baffle 20 were not provided. The deflector 20 thus corresponds to an artificial coking or an artificial aging with respect to the coking of the valve. By additional adaptation of the valve body 4 and the closing body 14 of the valve needle 6, the spray pattern 10 can be formed as desired and be permanently protected against unwanted changes due to coking.

Das Ablenkelement 20 ändert die Strömungsrichtung des Brennstoffstroms von einer ersten Strömungsrichtung 21, die bei einem entsprechenden Ventil ohne das Ablenkelement 20 und ohne Verkokung gegeben wäre, hin zu einer zweiten Strömungsrichtung 22 des Brennstoffstroms. Durch ein Ändern des Einstellwinkels α kann die Strömungsrichtung des Brennstoffstroms entsprechend korrigiert werden, in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel durch ein Verringern des Einstellwinkels α um einen Winkel, um den der Brennstoffstrom durch das Ablenkelement 20 aus der stromaufwärts des Ablenkelements 20 vorherrschenden Strömungsrichtung abgelenkt ist. Die Einstellwinkel des ersten Kegels 15 und des zweiten Kegels 16 sind entsprechend korrigiert.The baffle 20 changes the flow direction of the fuel flow from a first flow direction 21, which would be at a corresponding valve without the baffle 20 and without coking, toward a second flow direction 22 of the fuel flow. By changing the setting angle α, the flow direction of the fuel flow can be corrected accordingly, in this embodiment by reducing the setting angle α by an angle by which the fuel flow is deflected by the deflector 20 from the flow direction prevailing upstream of the deflector 20. The setting angles of the first cone 15 and the second cone 16 are corrected accordingly.

Das Ablenkelement 20 ist so angeordnet und ausgebildet, dass Ablagerungen, die sich in dem von dem Brennstoffstrom angeströmten Bereich ablagern, während nachfolgender Einspritzvorgänge von dem Ablenkelement 20 weggespült werden, da das Ablenkelement 20 sich vorzugsweise bis an einen Bereich des Brennstoffstroms erstreckt, in dem eine geeignet hohe Strömungsgeschwindigkeit vorherrscht.The baffle 20 is arranged and configured to cause deposits deposited in the area flowed by the fuel stream to be flushed away from the baffle 20 during subsequent injections, as the baffle 20 preferably extends to a portion of the fuel flow in which suitable high flow rate prevails.

Das Ablenkelement 20 kann einstückig mit der Ventilnadel 6 ausgebildet sein. Vorzugsweise ist das Ablenkelement 20 jedoch als eine Beschichtung 23 ausgebildet, die sich auch auf einen Außenbereich des Ventilkörpers 4 oder der Ventilnadel 6 erstrecken kann. Eine solche Beschichtung kann sehr einfach und preisgünstig hergestellt werden. Die Beschichtung 23 kann beispielsweise als eine Kohlenstoffschicht aufgebracht sein. Ebenso kann die Beschichtung 23 aus anderen geeigneten Materialen hergestellt sein, die insbesondere den hohen Temperaturen während der Verbrennungsvorgänge stand halten. Die Beschichtung 23 kann ebenso nur an dem abströmseitigen Ende der Einspritzdüse 7 aufgebracht sein, um das Ablenkelement 20 zu bilden.The deflecting element 20 may be formed integrally with the valve needle 6. Preferably, however, the deflecting element 20 is designed as a coating 23, which can also extend to an outer region of the valve body 4 or the valve needle 6. Such a coating can be produced very simply and inexpensively. The coating 23 may, for example, be applied as a carbon layer. Likewise, the coating 23 may be made of other suitable materials be prepared, in particular, the high temperatures during combustion processes withstand. The coating 23 may also be applied only to the downstream end of the injector 7 to form the deflector 20.

Der Innenkegel 12 des Ventilkörpers 4 oder der Schließkörper 14 in einem Bereich des ersten Kegels 15, des zweiten Kegels 16 und des Übergangsbereichs können auch kugelförmig ausgebildet sein. Das Ablenkelement 20 kann ebenso an einem abströmseitigen Ende des Innenkegels 12 des Ventilkörpers 4 angeordnet sein.The inner cone 12 of the valve body 4 or the closing body 14 in a region of the first cone 15, the second cone 16 and the transition region may also be spherical. The deflector 20 may also be disposed at a downstream end of the inner cone 12 of the valve body 4.

Figur 4 zeigt eine Düsenvorrichtung mit einem Düsenkörper 24, in dem eine Einspritzdüse 7 ausgebildet ist. An dem abströmseitigen Ende der Einspritzdüse 7 ist das Ablenkelement 20 angeordnet. Das Ablenkelement 20 kann einstückig mit dem Düsenkörper 24 ausgebildet sein oder durch die Beschichtung 23 auf den Düsenkörper 24 aufgebracht sein. Die Düsenvorrichtung kann ebenso mehrstückig ausgebildet sein, sodass die Einspritzdüse 7 durch weitere Bauelemente gebildet ist.FIG. 4 shows a nozzle device with a nozzle body 24, in which an injection nozzle 7 is formed. At the downstream end of the injection nozzle 7, the deflector 20 is arranged. The deflection element 20 may be formed integrally with the nozzle body 24 or may be applied to the nozzle body 24 by the coating 23. The nozzle device may also be formed in several pieces, so that the injection nozzle 7 is formed by further components.

Durch das Ablenkelement 20 an der Einspritzdüse 7 kann erreicht werden, dass sowohl in einem Neuzustand des Ventils oder der Düsenvorrichtung als auch nach einer längeren Betriebsdauer des Ventils oder der Düsenvorrichtung das Sprühbild 10 eine gewünschte, verbrennungsgünstige Form aufweist.By the deflection element 20 on the injection nozzle 7 can be achieved that both in a new state of the valve or the nozzle device as well as after a longer period of operation of the valve or the nozzle device, the spray pattern 10 has a desired, low-incineration shape.

Claims (4)

  1. Valve for the injection of fuel, said valve having a valve body (4) with a recess (5) in which a valve needle (6) that is movable in the axial direction is arranged, said valve needle (6) together with the valve body (4) forming an injection nozzle (7) in a downstream zone, and in a closed position preventing a stream of fuel from passing through the injection nozzle (7) but otherwise leaving it unimpeded, while the injection nozzle (7) has a deflecting element (20) at a downstream end, so arranged that a stream of fuel is deflected from taking a predominantly upstream course from the deflecting element (20), characterised in that the deflecting element (20) is applied as a coating (23).
  2. Valve according to claim 1, in which the recess (5) widens conically or spherically in the downstream zone in the direction of flow as far as a first edge (11) and at a downstream end the valve needle (6) has a closing body (14) which widens conically or spherically in the direction of flow as far as a second edge (19), and in the closed position the closing body (14) sits on the recess (5) wall in the downstream zone of the valve body (4).
  3. Valve according to claim 2, in which the second edge (19) is arranged downstream of the first edge (11).
  4. Valve according to one of claims 2 or 3, in which the deflecting element (20) is formed in a zone adjacent to the second edge (19).
EP05109378A 2004-11-04 2005-10-10 Valve to inject fuel Expired - Fee Related EP1655483B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE102004053350A DE102004053350B4 (en) 2004-11-04 2004-11-04 Valve for injecting fuel

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EP1655483B1 true EP1655483B1 (en) 2007-08-22

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EP1811166B1 (en) * 2006-01-24 2008-11-05 Continental Automotive GmbH Valve assembly for an injection valve and injection valve
KR20120061640A (en) * 2010-12-03 2012-06-13 현대자동차주식회사 System for preventing knocking and method for controlling the same

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DE757316C (en) * 1938-07-21 1951-07-26 Bosch Gmbh Robert Injection nozzle
DE1247066B (en) * 1962-08-02 1967-08-10 Citroen Sa Fuel injection valve for externally ignited internal combustion engines
GB2080416A (en) * 1980-07-16 1982-02-03 Lucas Industries Ltd Fuel injection nozzle
US4417694A (en) * 1980-10-22 1983-11-29 The Bendix Corporation Injector valve with contoured valve seat and needle valve interface
CA1279798C (en) * 1985-07-19 1991-02-05 Peter William Ragg Fuel injection
US4817873A (en) * 1985-11-13 1989-04-04 Orbital Engine Company Proprietary Limited Nozzles for in-cylinder fuel injection systems
DE69132070T2 (en) * 1990-01-26 2000-09-14 Orbital Eng Australia Fuel injector
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DE102004053350B4 (en) 2007-06-21
DE102004053350A1 (en) 2006-05-18
DE502005001297D1 (en) 2007-10-04
US8459574B2 (en) 2013-06-11
EP1655483A1 (en) 2006-05-10
US20060091240A1 (en) 2006-05-04

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