EP1644948B1 - Circuit breaker for a boat, and power supply and distribution system for a boat, which contains such a circuit breaker - Google Patents

Circuit breaker for a boat, and power supply and distribution system for a boat, which contains such a circuit breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1644948B1
EP1644948B1 EP04740934A EP04740934A EP1644948B1 EP 1644948 B1 EP1644948 B1 EP 1644948B1 EP 04740934 A EP04740934 A EP 04740934A EP 04740934 A EP04740934 A EP 04740934A EP 1644948 B1 EP1644948 B1 EP 1644948B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
ship
arc
arc chute
gas
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP04740934A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1644948A1 (en
Inventor
Gerd Ahlf
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication of EP1644948B1 publication Critical patent/EP1644948B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/302—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/76—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts; Selection of material therefor
    • H01H33/77—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts; Selection of material therefor wherein the break is in air at atmospheric pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ship breaker according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a ship breaker is eg by the GB-A-1 140 612 A known.
  • the invention further relates to a ship power supply and distribution system comprising such a ship breaker according to the preamble of claim 12;
  • a system is for example by the WO 02/15361 A1 known.
  • Ship energy supply and distribution systems are, especially in underwater vessels, usually designed as low-voltage networks with high operating voltages and potentials up to DC 1200 V. In larger ships, e.g. In addition, cruise ships are also used as AC power systems designed ship power supply and distribution systems.
  • These systems have at least one, sometimes also several energy producers, such as generators, batteries, possibly fuel cells, which supply various consumers, such as traction motors, or an electrical system for feeding auxiliary drives with energy.
  • These components are electrically connected to each other, wherein between at least part of the components circuit breakers are connected as protection and switching elements.
  • circuit breakers are connected as protection and switching elements.
  • these are intended to enable an operational connection or disconnection (eg to set different driving circuits) by individual energy consumers, individual energy producers or certain parts of the energy supply and distribution system.
  • they should enable rapid shutdown of the individual energy consumers, energy producers and even entire parts of the energy supply and distribution system.
  • the circuit breakers in these marine power supply and distribution systems are subject to very high requirements in terms of short-circuit shutdown capability, size and weight.
  • Marine power supply and distribution systems are designed to be very low impedance, especially in underwater vessels, to improve performance, increase voltage stability and reduce system perturbations. Accordingly, very high, high-energy and relatively long-lasting partial and total short-circuit currents of up to more than 300 kA are possible in such systems, with essential sources of these short-circuit currents being the batteries and charging generators. Due to the limited space available in ships installation space ship circuit breaker must also have the smallest possible size. Furthermore, there is a requirement for the lowest possible weight.
  • a circuit breaker which is at least partially lined with a gas-emitting arc-emitting lining material, which consists of melanin resin.
  • the circuit breaker has an arc chamber, which is designed in three parts and which has a first chamber part in cuboid shape, a second chamber part in trapezoidal shape and a third chamber part in cuboid shape.
  • a ship's circuit breaker according to claim 1.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the ship's circuit breaker are the subject of the dependent claims 2 to 11.
  • a such a ship's circuit breaker containing ship's power supply and distribution system is the subject of the claim 12.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the ship power supply and distribution system is the subject of claim 13.
  • the ship breaker has at least one arc chamber, which is at least partially lined with a gas-emitting material under the action of an arc.
  • a resulting in a current flowing through the ship power circuit breaker when opening its switch contacts arc thus leads in this arc chamber to a gas delivery of the lining material.
  • the emitted gas has a much lower temperature than the arc, the arc is cooled by the gas and promotes the extinction of the arc.
  • the lining material protects itself from being destroyed by hot arc gases due to the gas delivery. It is thus possible to achieve a high switching capacity at the same time small size and low weight of the arc chamber and thus also low weight of the entire circuit breaker.
  • the gas-emitting lining material for the arc chamber consists of a polyester resin. This material is particularly suitable for use in ships due to its freedom from halogens and low smoke. The hydrogen gas which can be released by this material under the effect of an arc leads to a particularly good arc cooling.
  • the gas-emitting lining material is formed in the arc chamber depending on location different gas emitting.
  • the gas delivery By the gas delivery, the running behavior of the arc can be influenced.
  • a location-dependent different strong gas delivery can be an optimum between too little and too much gas delivery and thus a particularly smooth running behavior of the arc can be achieved, which allows a reliable extinguishing of the arc.
  • a good mechanical strength of the lining material against gas pressure and shock stress can be made possible by the fact that the lining material is fibrous, wherein the fiber material in particular has fabric shape or mat shape.
  • FIG. 1 shows a two-pole ship breaker 7 in a perspective view.
  • the actual switch with the switch mechanism is housed in the switch unit 15.
  • Each pole 29 of the circuit breaker 7 has in each case a connection piece 25 and 26 and an arc chamber 8.
  • the arc chambers 8 have a self-supporting structure to save weight and are arranged on the back 20 of the circuit breaker 7.
  • the connection pieces 25, 26 for busbars are led out here at the top 22 and the bottom 21 of the circuit breaker 7.
  • the arrangement of the arc chamber 8 at the back 20 of the circuit breaker 7, the arc is directed away from the front panel 16 of the ship breaker 7 and thus away from possibly on the front panel 16argentem operating personnel.
  • the arc chamber 8 at least partially has a rectangular cross-section and in its side facing away from the switch 7 and switch part 15 erase plates 15 are arranged. This allows a simple and stable mechanical structure of the arc chamber 8.
  • FIG. 2 in conjunction with the spatial representation of the arc chamber 8 according to FIG.
  • the arc chamber 8 starting from the switch 7 or switch part 15 has a first constant cross section A1, then a magnifying cross section A2 and then again a constant cross section A3 and thus allows optimum utilization of an installation space available behind the circuit breaker 7 and simultaneously compact design of the circuit breaker 7 and the arc chamber. 8
  • the arc chamber 8 is preferably designed in three parts and has a first chamber part 8a in cuboid shape, a second chamber part 8b in trapezoidal shape and a third chamber part 8c in cuboid shape.
  • a particularly good arc quenching and thus a particularly high switching capacity of the circuit breaker 7 can be achieved in that the cross-sectional area A1 of the first chamber part 8a to the cross-sectional area A3 of the third chamber part 8c in the ratio 1: 1.5 to 1: 2.5, in particular 1 : 2 stands.
  • the arc chamber 8 is partially lined with a gas-emitting arc-emitting lining material.
  • the gas-emitting lining material is preferably made of a plastic, in particular of a duroplastic such. Polyester resin. This may e.g. in the form of Poyesterharz hard mats. Textile glass mats can be used as carrier material.
  • the gas-emitting lining material is formed in the arc chamber 8 depending on location different gas emitting. It has been found that a particularly good arc quenching and thus a particularly high switching capacity of the circuit breaker 7 with simultaneously small size of the arc chamber 8 can be achieved that the gas-emitting lining material and, e.g. In the region of the formed as intermediate pieces 14 side walls present non-gas-emitting lining material in the arc chamber 8 in the area ratio 2: 3 are arranged.
  • the arc chamber 8 preferably has at least one multilayer side wall 11, wherein at least one of the layers, in the case of the circuit breaker 7, the layer 12, fiber-reinforced.
  • a good insulation with low weight of the arc chamber 8 can be achieved in that the at least one multi-layer side wall 11 has an inner, at least partially from the gas-emitting lining material 10 existing layer 12 and an outer, consisting of a laminate layer.
  • the arc chamber 8 two such configured, oppositely disposed side walls 11, wherein the layer 13 consists of the aforementioned Schichtpresstoff.
  • FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of an external view of a two-pole circuit breaker 17 with two, in contrast to the above-described circuit breaker 7, only one-piece executed arc chambers 18.
  • the arcing chambers 18 are also at least partially lined with a gas-emitting arc under lining material.
  • the arc chambers 18 have due to their cuboid shape a particularly simple structure and a particularly high mechanical strength against vibration and shock stress.
  • FIG. 6 shows a portion of an underwater vessel in cross section.
  • a shell 23 encloses the diving body of the underwater ship.
  • Several circuit breakers 7 according to FIGS. 1 to 4 are arranged in a control panel 24.
  • a maintenance space 26 formed between the control panel 24 and the envelope 23 can be used as an arc clearance.
  • the arrangement of the arc chambers 8 at the back of the circuit breaker 7 and the fittings 25 and 26 at the top and bottom of the circuit breaker allows a particularly space-saving installation of the circuit breaker 7 in the panel 24. Spatial impairment eg by protective hoods, as in a on the Top of the circuit breaker 7 arranged arc chamber would be necessary, are thus avoided.
  • the arc is due to the arrangement of the arc chamber 8 on the back of the circuit breaker 7 away from possibly.
  • On the panel 24 conspiracyem operating personnel 27 passed and thus increases the safety of the operator.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic circuit of a ship power supply and distribution system 1 of an underwater vessel in a simplified representation.
  • the ship's power supply and distribution system 1 has generators 2, batteries 3 and a fuel cell system 4 for power generation and a traction motor 5 and a not shown in detail electrical system for feeding auxiliary drives as energy consumers.
  • the energy producers and the energy consumers are electrically connected to each other.
  • circuit breakers 7 according to FIGS. 1 to 4 or circuit breaker 17 according to FIG. 5 connected.
  • the circuit breakers 7 have a high switching capacity due to the gas-emitting materials contained in their arc chambers at in relation to the high operating voltages of small size of the arc chamber and thus of the circuit breaker.
  • a ship breaker 7 is formed with its (his) arc chamber (s) such that a double earth fault in the ship's power supply and distribution system 1, in FIG. 7 exemplified by short-circuit arrows 28, can be switched off by a single pole of the circuit breaker 7.
  • a single pole 19 of the two-pole circuit breaker 7 according to FIG. 1 or circuit breaker 17 according to FIG. 5 is thus able to switch off the maximum voltage applied in the ship's supply and distribution system with double earth leakage current.
  • a safe operation of the ship's power supply and distribution system is also given in the case of a double ground fault.
  • the circuit breaker 7 can be particularly easily switched to the ship's power supply and distribution system 1, that it is designed such that it can be switched with any polarity in a circuit. This allows, for example, a simplification of the panel busbar for connecting the connecting pieces 25 and 26 of the circuit breaker. 7

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is a circuit breaker (7, 17) for boats, especially submarines, comprising at least one arc chute (8, 18) which is lined at least in part with a lining material (10) that releases gas under the effect of an arc. Arc extinction is favored while the arc chute is protected from the effect of an arc as a result of the lining material (10) releasing gas, allowing the size of the arc chute and thus the space required for installing the circuit breaker in a boat to be kept small while said circuit breaker has a great switching capacity.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schiffs-Leistungsschalter gemäß Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. Ein derartiger Schiffs-Leistungsschalter ist z.B. durch die GB-A-1 140 612 A bekannt. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine einen solchen Schiffs-Leistungsschalter enthaltende Schiffs-Energieversorgungs- und -verteilungsanlage gemäß Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 12; eine derartige Anlage ist z.B. durch die WO 02/15361 A1 bekannt.The invention relates to a ship breaker according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a ship breaker is eg by the GB-A-1 140 612 A known. The invention further relates to a ship power supply and distribution system comprising such a ship breaker according to the preamble of claim 12; Such a system is for example by the WO 02/15361 A1 known.

Schiffs-Energieversorgurigs- und -verteilungsanlagen sind, insbesondere in Unterwasserschiffen, meist als Niederspannungsnetze mit hohen Betriebsspannungen bzw. Potentialen bis DC 1200 V ausgebildet. In größeren Schiffen, z.B. Kreuzfahrtschiffen, kommen darüber hinaus auch als Wechselstromnetze ausgebildete Schiffs-Energieversorgungs- und -verteilungsanlagen zum Einsatz.Ship energy supply and distribution systems are, especially in underwater vessels, usually designed as low-voltage networks with high operating voltages and potentials up to DC 1200 V. In larger ships, e.g. In addition, cruise ships are also used as AC power systems designed ship power supply and distribution systems.

Diese Anlagen weisen zumindest einen, teilweise auch mehrere Energieerzeuger, wie z.B. Generatoren, Batterien, gegebenenfalls Brennstoffzellen, auf, die verschiedene Verbraucher, wie z.B. Fahrmotoren, oder ein Bordnetz zur Speisung von Hilfsantrieben mit Energie versorgen. Diese Komponenten sind miteinander elektrisch verbunden, wobei zwischen zumindest einem Teil der Komponenten Leistungsschalter als Schutz- und Schaltorgane geschaltet sind. Diese sollen zum einen ein betriebliches Zu- oder Abschalten (z.B. zur Einstellung verschiedener Fahrschaltungen) von einzelnen Energieverbrauchern, einzelnen Energieerzeugern oder bestimmten Teilen der Energieversorgungs- und -verteilungsanlage ermöglichen. Zum anderen sollen sie im Fehlerfall, insbesondere im Fall eines Kurzschlusses, ein schnelles Abschalten der einzelnen Energieverbraucher, Energieerzeuger bis hin zu ganzen Teilen der Energieversorgungs- und -verteilungsanlage ermöglichen.These systems have at least one, sometimes also several energy producers, such as generators, batteries, possibly fuel cells, which supply various consumers, such as traction motors, or an electrical system for feeding auxiliary drives with energy. These components are electrically connected to each other, wherein between at least part of the components circuit breakers are connected as protection and switching elements. On the one hand, these are intended to enable an operational connection or disconnection (eg to set different driving circuits) by individual energy consumers, individual energy producers or certain parts of the energy supply and distribution system. On the other hand, in the event of a fault, in particular in the case of a short circuit, they should enable rapid shutdown of the individual energy consumers, energy producers and even entire parts of the energy supply and distribution system.

An die Leistungsschalter in diesen Schiffs-Energieversorgungs- und -verteilungsanlagen werden sehr hohe Anforderungen hinsichtlich Kurzschlussabschaltungsvermögen, Baugröße und Gewicht gestellt. Schiffs-Energieversorgungs- und -verteilungsanlagen sind insbesondere in Unterwasserschiffen zur Verbesserung des Betriebsverhaltens, zur Erhöhung der Spannungsstabilität und zur Verringerung von Netzrückwirkungen sehr niederimpedant ausgelegt. Entsprechend sind in solchen Anlagen sehr hohe, energiereiche und verhältnismäßig lang anhaltende Teil- und Summenkurzschlussströmen bis über 300 kA möglich, wobei wesentliche Quellen für diese Kurzschlussströme die Batterien und Ladegeneratoren sind. Aufgrund des in Schiffen nur begrenzt zur Verfügung stehenden Einbauraumes müssen Schiffs-Leistungsschalter zudem eine möglichst kleine Baugröße aufweisen. Weiterhin besteht die Anforderung an ein ein möglichst geringes Gewicht.The circuit breakers in these marine power supply and distribution systems are subject to very high requirements in terms of short-circuit shutdown capability, size and weight. Marine power supply and distribution systems are designed to be very low impedance, especially in underwater vessels, to improve performance, increase voltage stability and reduce system perturbations. Accordingly, very high, high-energy and relatively long-lasting partial and total short-circuit currents of up to more than 300 kA are possible in such systems, with essential sources of these short-circuit currents being the batteries and charging generators. Due to the limited space available in ships installation space ship circuit breaker must also have the smallest possible size. Furthermore, there is a requirement for the lowest possible weight.

Aus der GB-A-1 140 612 ist ein Leistungsschalter bekannt, der zumindest teilweise mit einem unter Lichtbogeneinwirkung gasabgebenden Auskleidematerial ausgekleidet ist, das aus Melaninharz besteht. Der Leistungsschalter weist eine Lichtbogenkammer auf, die dreiteilig ausgeführt ist und die ein erstes Kammerteil in Quaderform, ein zweites Kammerteil in Trapezform und ein drittes Kammerteil in Quaderform aufweist.From the GB-A-1 140 612 a circuit breaker is known, which is at least partially lined with a gas-emitting arc-emitting lining material, which consists of melanin resin. The circuit breaker has an arc chamber, which is designed in three parts and which has a first chamber part in cuboid shape, a second chamber part in trapezoidal shape and a third chamber part in cuboid shape.

Es ist deshalb Aufgabe vorliegender Erfindung, einen Schiffs-Leistungsschalter zu schaffen, der bei geringer Baugröße und Gewicht ein zuverlässiges Schalten der in einer eingangs beachriebenen Schiffs-Energieversorgungs- und -verteilungsanlage auftretenden Betriebs- und Fehlerströme, insbesondere der Kurzschlusströrne, ermöglicht.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a ship's circuit breaker, which allows for a small size and weight reliable switching of occurring in an initially discussed ship power supply and distribution system operating and fault currents, in particular the Kurzschlusströrne.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe gelingt erfindungsgemäß durch einen Schiffs-Leistungsschalter gemäß Patentanspruch 1. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Schiffs-Leistungsschalters sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche 2 bis 11. Eine einen solchen Schiffs-Leistungsschalter enthaltende Schiffs-Energieversorgungs- und -verteilungsanlage ist Gegenstand des Patentanspruchs 12. Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Schiffs-Energieversorgungs- und -verteilungsanlage ist Gegenstand des Patentanspruchs 13.The solution of this object is achieved according to the invention by a ship's circuit breaker according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the ship's circuit breaker are the subject of the dependent claims 2 to 11. A such a ship's circuit breaker containing ship's power supply and distribution system is the subject of the claim 12. An advantageous embodiment of the ship power supply and distribution system is the subject of claim 13.

Erfindungsgemäß weist der Schiffs-Leistungsschalter zumindest eine Lichtbogenkammer auf, die zumindest teilweise mit einem unter Lichtbogeneinwirkung gasabgebenden Material ausgekleidet ist. Ein bei einem stromdurchflossenen Schiffs-Leistungsschalter bei einem Öffnen seiner Schaltkontakte entstehender Lichtbogen führt in dieser Lichtbogenkammer somit zu einer Gasabgabe des Auskleidematerials. Da das abgegebene Gas eine wesentlich geringere Temperatur als der Lichtbogen aufweist, wird der Lichtbogen durch das Gas abgekühlt und die Löschung des Lichtbogens begünstigt. Zugleich schützt sich das Auskleidematerial durch die Gasabgabe vor der Zerstörung durch heiße Lichtbogengase. Es ist somit möglich, ein hohes Schaltvermögen bei gleichzeitig geringer Baugröße und geringem Gewicht der Lichtbogenkammer und somit auch geringem Gewicht des gesamten Leistungsschalters zu erzielen. Im Vergleich zu Lichtbogenkammern ohne gasabgebendes Auskleidematerial ist es möglich, die Baugröße der Lichtbogenkammer und damit des Leistungsschalters bei ansonsten gleichem Schaltvermögen zu verkleinern bzw. bei gleichbleibender Baugröße der Lichtbogenkammer das Schaltvermögen des Leistungsschalters zu erhöhen.According to the invention, the ship breaker has at least one arc chamber, which is at least partially lined with a gas-emitting material under the action of an arc. A resulting in a current flowing through the ship power circuit breaker when opening its switch contacts arc thus leads in this arc chamber to a gas delivery of the lining material. Since the emitted gas has a much lower temperature than the arc, the arc is cooled by the gas and promotes the extinction of the arc. At the same time, the lining material protects itself from being destroyed by hot arc gases due to the gas delivery. It is thus possible to achieve a high switching capacity at the same time small size and low weight of the arc chamber and thus also low weight of the entire circuit breaker. Compared to arc chambers without gas-emitting lining material, it is possible to reduce the size of the arc chamber and thus the circuit breaker with otherwise the same switching capacity or increase the switching capacity of the circuit breaker with a constant size of the arc chamber.

Das gasabgebende Auskleidematerial für die Lichtbogenkammer besteht aus einem Polyesterharz. Dieses Material ist aufgrund seiner Halogenfreiheit und Raucharmut besonders für den Einsatz in Schiffen geeignet. Das durch dieses Material unter Lichtbogen-Einwirkung abgebbare Wasserstoffgas führt zu einer besonders guten Lichtbogenkühlung.The gas-emitting lining material for the arc chamber consists of a polyester resin. This material is particularly suitable for use in ships due to its freedom from halogens and low smoke. The hydrogen gas which can be released by this material under the effect of an arc leads to a particularly good arc cooling.

Gemäß einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das gasabgebende Auskleidematerial in der Lichtbogenkammer ortsabhängig unterschiedlich gasabgebend ausgebildet. Durch die Gasabgabe ist das Laufverhalten des Lichtbogens beeinflussbar. Durch eine ortsabhängig unterschiedliche starke Gasabgabe kann eine Optimum zwischen zu wenig und zu viel Gasabgabe und somit ein besonders ruhiges Laufverhalten des Lichtbogens erzielt werden, das eine zuverlässige Löschung des Lichtbogens ermöglicht.According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the gas-emitting lining material is formed in the arc chamber depending on location different gas emitting. By the gas delivery, the running behavior of the arc can be influenced. By a location-dependent different strong gas delivery can be an optimum between too little and too much gas delivery and thus a particularly smooth running behavior of the arc can be achieved, which allows a reliable extinguishing of the arc.

Eine gute mechanische Festigkeit des Auskleidematerials gegen Gasdruck und Schockbeanspruchung kann dadurch ermöglicht werden, dass das Auskleidematerial faserhaltig ist, wobei das Fasermaterial insbesondere Gewebeform oder Mattenform aufweist.A good mechanical strength of the lining material against gas pressure and shock stress can be made possible by the fact that the lining material is fibrous, wherein the fiber material in particular has fabric shape or mat shape.

Die Erfindung sowie weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung gemäß den Merkmalen der Unteransprüche werden im folgenden anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen in den Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine perspektivische Außenansicht eines Leistungsschalters mit zwei dreiteilig ausgeführten Lichtbogenkammern,
Figur 2
eine vereinfachte Seitenansicht einer dreiteiligen Lichtbogenkammer von Figur 1,
Figur 3
die Lichtbbogenkammer von Figur 2 im Schnittverlauf III-III,
Figur 4
eine räumliche Darstellung der Lichtbogenkammer von Figur 3 mit Darstellung der Querschnittsflächen der Kammerteile,
Figur 5
eine perspektivische Außenansicht eines zweipoligen Leistungsschalters mit zwei einteilig ausgeführten Lichtbogenkammern,
Figur 6
eine Darstellung eines Einbaus eines Leistungsschalters in eine Schalttafel eines Unterwasserschiffes, und
Figur 7
eine Prinzipdarstellung einer Schiffs-Energieversorgungs- und -verteilungs-anlage eines Unterwasserschiffes mit Darstellung eines Doppelerdschlusses.
The invention and further advantageous embodiments of the invention according to the features of the subclaims are explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments in the figures. Show it:
FIG. 1
an external perspective view of a circuit breaker with two three-part arc chambers,
FIG. 2
a simplified side view of a three-part arc chamber of FIG. 1 .
FIG. 3
the arc chamber of FIG. 2 in section III-III,
FIG. 4
a spatial representation of the arc chamber of FIG. 3 with representation of the cross-sectional areas of the chamber parts,
FIG. 5
an external perspective view of a two-pole circuit breaker with two integral arc chambers,
FIG. 6
a representation of an installation of a circuit breaker in a control panel of an underwater vessel, and
FIG. 7
a schematic diagram of a ship's power supply and distribution system of an underwater ship with representation of a double ground fault.

Figur 1 zeigt einen zweipoligen Schiffs-Leistungsschalter 7 in perspektivischer Ansicht. An seiner Vorderseite 19 wird der Leistungsschalter 7 durch eine metallene Frontplatte 16 abgeschlossen. Der eigentliche Schalter mit der Schaltermechanik ist in der Schalterteinheit 15 untergebracht. Jeder Pol 29 des Leistungsschalters 7 weist jeweils ein Anschlusstück 25 und 26 und eine Lichtbogenkammer 8 auf. Die Lichtbogenkammern 8 weisen zur Gewichtseinsparung einen selbsttragenden Aufbau auf und sind an der Rückseite 20 des Leistungsschalters 7 angeordnet. Die Anschlusstücke 25, 26 für Stromschienen sind hierbei an der Oberseite 22 und der Unterseite 21 des Leistungsschalters 7 herausgeführt. Durch die Anordnung der Lichtbogenkammer 8 an der Rückseite 20 des Leistungsschalters 7 wird der Lichtbogen weg von der Frontplatte 16 des Schiffs-Leistungsschalters 7 und somit auch weg von möglicherweise an der Frontplatte 16 tätigem Bedienpersonal geleitet. FIG. 1 shows a two-pole ship breaker 7 in a perspective view. At its front side 19 of the circuit breaker 7 is closed by a metal front panel 16. The actual switch with the switch mechanism is housed in the switch unit 15. Each pole 29 of the circuit breaker 7 has in each case a connection piece 25 and 26 and an arc chamber 8. The arc chambers 8 have a self-supporting structure to save weight and are arranged on the back 20 of the circuit breaker 7. The connection pieces 25, 26 for busbars are led out here at the top 22 and the bottom 21 of the circuit breaker 7. The arrangement of the arc chamber 8 at the back 20 of the circuit breaker 7, the arc is directed away from the front panel 16 of the ship breaker 7 and thus away from possibly on the front panel 16 tätigem operating personnel.

Wie aus der Seitenansicht der Lichtbogenkammer 8 gemäß Figur 2 und des in FIG 3 dargestellten Schnittverlaufes entlang der Schnittlinie III-III der FIG 2 ersichtlich ist, weist die Lichtbogenkammer 8 zumindest teilweise einen rechteckförmigen Querschnitt auf und in ihrem vom Schalter 7 bzw. Schalterteil 15 abgewandten Teil sind Löschbleche 15 angeordnet. Dies ermöglicht einen einfachen und stabilen mechanischen Aufbau der Lichtbogenkammer 8. Wie aus Figur 2 in Verbindung mit der räumlichen Darstellung der Lichtbogenkammer 8 gemäß Figur 4 hervorgeht, weist die Lichtbogenkammer 8 ausgehend von dem Schalter 7 bzw. Schalterteil 15 einen zuerst konstanten Querschnitt A1, dann einen vergrößernden Querschnitt A2 und dann wieder einen konstanten Querschnitt A3 auf und ermöglicht somit eine optimale Ausnutzung eines hinter dem Leistungsschalter 7 verfügbaren Einbauraums und gleichzeitig eine kompakte Bauform des Leistungsschalters 7 und der Lichtbogenkammer 8.As seen from the side view of the arc chamber 8 according to FIG. 2 and of in FIG. 3 shown section along the section line III-III of FIG. 2 it can be seen, the arc chamber 8 at least partially has a rectangular cross-section and in its side facing away from the switch 7 and switch part 15 erase plates 15 are arranged. This allows a simple and stable mechanical structure of the arc chamber 8. As out FIG. 2 in conjunction with the spatial representation of the arc chamber 8 according to FIG. 4 As can be seen, the arc chamber 8, starting from the switch 7 or switch part 15 has a first constant cross section A1, then a magnifying cross section A2 and then again a constant cross section A3 and thus allows optimum utilization of an installation space available behind the circuit breaker 7 and simultaneously compact design of the circuit breaker 7 and the arc chamber. 8

Die Lichtbogenkammer 8 ist bevorzugt dreiteilig ausgeführt und weist ein erstes Kammerteil 8a in Quaderform, ein zweites Kammerteil 8b in Trapezform und ein drittes Kammerteil 8c in Quaderform auf. Eine besonders gute Lichtbogenlöschung und somit ein besonders hohes Schaltvermögen des Leistungsschalters 7 kann dadurch erreicht werden, dass die Querschnittsfläche A1 des ersten Kammerteils 8a zu der Querschnittsfläche A3 des dritten Kammerteils 8c im Verhältnis 1:1,5 bis 1:2,5, insbesondere 1:2 steht.The arc chamber 8 is preferably designed in three parts and has a first chamber part 8a in cuboid shape, a second chamber part 8b in trapezoidal shape and a third chamber part 8c in cuboid shape. A particularly good arc quenching and thus a particularly high switching capacity of the circuit breaker 7 can be achieved in that the cross-sectional area A1 of the first chamber part 8a to the cross-sectional area A3 of the third chamber part 8c in the ratio 1: 1.5 to 1: 2.5, in particular 1 : 2 stands.

Die Lichtbogenkammer 8 ist teilweise mit einem unter Lichtbogen-Einwirkung gasabgebenden Auskleidematerial ausgekleidet. Das gasabgebende Auskleidematerial besteht bevorzugt aus einem Kunststoff, insbesondere aus einem Duroplast wie z.B. Polyesterharz. Dieses kann z.B. in Form von Poyesterharz-Hartmatten vorliegen. Als Trägermaterial können Textilglasmatten genutzt werden. Das gasabgebende Auskleidematerial ist in der Lichtbogenkammer 8 ortsabhängig unterschiedlich gasabgebend ausgebildet. Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass eine besonders gute Lichtbogenlöschung und damit ein besonders hohes Schaltvermögen des Leistungsschalters 7 bei gleichzeitig geringer Baugröße der Lichtbogenkammer 8 dadurch erzielbar ist, dass das gasabgebende Auskleidematerial und, z.B. im Bereich der als Zwischenstücke 14 ausgebildeten Seitenwände vorliegendes, nicht-gasabgebendes Auskleidematerial in der Lichtbogenkammer 8 im Flächenverhältnis 2:3 angeordnet sind.The arc chamber 8 is partially lined with a gas-emitting arc-emitting lining material. The gas-emitting lining material is preferably made of a plastic, in particular of a duroplastic such. Polyester resin. This may e.g. in the form of Poyesterharz hard mats. Textile glass mats can be used as carrier material. The gas-emitting lining material is formed in the arc chamber 8 depending on location different gas emitting. It has been found that a particularly good arc quenching and thus a particularly high switching capacity of the circuit breaker 7 with simultaneously small size of the arc chamber 8 can be achieved that the gas-emitting lining material and, e.g. In the region of the formed as intermediate pieces 14 side walls present non-gas-emitting lining material in the arc chamber 8 in the area ratio 2: 3 are arranged.

Die Lichtbogenkammer 8 weist bevorzugt zumindest eine mehrlagig ausgeführte Seitenwand 11 auf, wobei zumindest eine der Lagen, im Fall des Leistungsschalters 7 die Lage 12, faserverstärkt ist. Eine gute Isolation bei gleichzeitig geringem Gewicht der Lichtbogenkammer 8 kann hierbei dadurch erreicht werden, dass die zumindest eine mehrlagig ausgeführte Seitenwand 11 eine innere, zumindest teilweise aus dem gasabgebenden Auskleidematerial 10 bestehende Lage 12 und eine äußere, aus einem Schichtpressstoff bestehende Lage aufweist. Wie aus FIG 3 ersichtlich, weist die Lichtbogenkammer 8 zwei derart ausgestaltete, gegenüberliegend angeordnete Seitenwände 11 auf, wobei die Lage 13 aus dem vorgenannten Schichtpresstoff besteht.The arc chamber 8 preferably has at least one multilayer side wall 11, wherein at least one of the layers, in the case of the circuit breaker 7, the layer 12, fiber-reinforced. A good insulation with low weight of the arc chamber 8 can be achieved in that the at least one multi-layer side wall 11 has an inner, at least partially from the gas-emitting lining material 10 existing layer 12 and an outer, consisting of a laminate layer. How out FIG. 3 can be seen, the arc chamber 8 two such configured, oppositely disposed side walls 11, wherein the layer 13 consists of the aforementioned Schichtpresstoff.

Figur 5 zeigt in perspektivischer Darstellung eine Außenansicht eines zweipoligen Leistungsschalters 17 mit zwei, im Unterschied zu vorstehend erläutertem Leistungsschalter 7, jeweils nur einteilig ausgeführten Lichtbogenkammern 18. Die Lichtbogenkammern 18 sind ebenfalls zumindest teilweise mit einem unter Lichtbogeneinwirkung gasabgebenden Auskleidematerial ausgekleidet. Die Lichtbogenkammern 18 weisen aufgrund ihrer Quaderform einen besonders einfachen Aufbau und eine besonders hohe mechanische Festigkeit gegen Rüttel- und Schockbeanspruchung auf. FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of an external view of a two-pole circuit breaker 17 with two, in contrast to the above-described circuit breaker 7, only one-piece executed arc chambers 18. The arcing chambers 18 are also at least partially lined with a gas-emitting arc under lining material. The arc chambers 18 have due to their cuboid shape a particularly simple structure and a particularly high mechanical strength against vibration and shock stress.

Figur 6 zeigt einen Teilbereich eines Unterwasserschiffes im Querschnitt. Eine Hülle 23 umschließt den Tauchkörper des Unterwasserschiffs. Mehrere Leistungsschalter 7 gemäß Figuren 1 bis 4 sind in einer Schalttafel 24 angeordnet. Durch die Anordnung der Lichtbogenkammern 8 an der Rückseite der Leistungsschalter kann ein zwischen der Schalttafel 24 und der Hülle 23 ausgebildeter Wartungsraum 26 als Lichtbogen-Freiraum genutzt werden. Die Anordnung der Lichtbogenkammern 8 an der Rückseite der Leistungsschalter 7 sowie der Anschlusstücke 25 und 26 an der Oberseite bzw. Unterseite des Leistungsschalters ermöglicht einen besonders platzsparenden Einbau der Leistungsschalter 7 in die Schalttafel 24. Räumliche Beeinträchtigungen z.B. durch Schutzhauben, wie sie bei einer auf der Oberseite des Leistungsschalters 7 angeordneten Lichtbogenkammer notwendig wären, werden somit vermieden. Der Lichtbogen wird aufgrund der Anordnung der Lichtbogenkammer 8 auf der Rückseite des Leistungsschalters 7 weg von ggfs. an der Schalttafel 24 tätigem Bedienpersonal 27 geleitet und somit die Sicherheit für das Bedienpersonal erhöht. FIG. 6 shows a portion of an underwater vessel in cross section. A shell 23 encloses the diving body of the underwater ship. Several circuit breakers 7 according to FIGS. 1 to 4 are arranged in a control panel 24. By arranging the arcing chambers 8 at the rear of the circuit breaker, a maintenance space 26 formed between the control panel 24 and the envelope 23 can be used as an arc clearance. The arrangement of the arc chambers 8 at the back of the circuit breaker 7 and the fittings 25 and 26 at the top and bottom of the circuit breaker allows a particularly space-saving installation of the circuit breaker 7 in the panel 24. Spatial impairment eg by protective hoods, as in a on the Top of the circuit breaker 7 arranged arc chamber would be necessary, are thus avoided. The arc is due to the arrangement of the arc chamber 8 on the back of the circuit breaker 7 away from possibly. On the panel 24 tätigem operating personnel 27 passed and thus increases the safety of the operator.

Figur 7 zeigt eine Prinzipschaltung einer Schiffs-Energieversorgungs- und -verteilungsanlage 1 eines Unterwasserschiffes in vereinfachter Darstellung. Die Schiffs-Energieversorgungs- und -verteilungsanlage 1 weist Generatoren 2, Batterien 3 und eine Brennstoffzellenanlage 4 zur Energieerzeugung sowie einen Fahrmotor 5 und ein nicht im Detail dargestelltes Bordnetz zur Speisung von Hilfsantrieben als Energieverbraucher auf. Die Energieerzeuger und die Energieverbraucher sind miteinander elektrisch verbunden. Zwischen den Komponenten sind Leistungsschalter 7 gemäß Figuren 1 bis 4 bzw. Leistungsschalter 17 gemäß Figur 5 geschaltet. Die Leistungsschalter 7 weisen aufgrund der in ihren Lichtbogenkammern enthaltenen gasabgebenden Materialien ein hohes Schaltvermögen bei im Verhältnis zu den hohen Betriebsspannungen geringer Baugröße der Lichtbogenkammer und damit des Leistungsschalters auf. Aufgrund der Vielzahl der in der Schiffs-Versorgungs- und -verteilungsanlage 1 zum Einsatz kommenden Leistungsschalter kann somit im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Leistungsschaltern in hohem Maße Einbauraum gespart werden. Bevorzugt ist ein Schiffs-Leistungsschalter 7 mit seiner(seinen) Lichtbogenkammer(n) derart ausgebildet, dass ein Doppelerdschluss in der Schiffs-Energieversorgungs- und -verteilungsanlage 1, in Figur 7 beispielhaft durch Kurzschluss-Pfeile 28 veranschaulicht, durch einen einzigen Pol des Leistungsschalters 7 abschaltbar ist. Ein einziger Pol 19 des zweipoligen Leistungsschalters 7 gemäß Figur 1 bzw. Leistungsschalters 17 gemäß Figur 5 ist somit in der Lage, bei Doppelerdschlussstrom die maximale in der Schiffs-Versorgungs- und -verteilungsanlage anliegende Spannung abzuschalten. Somit ist ein sicherer Betrieb der Schiffs-Energieversorgungs- und -verteilungsanlage auch im Fall eines Doppelerdschlusses gegeben. FIG. 7 shows a schematic circuit of a ship power supply and distribution system 1 of an underwater vessel in a simplified representation. The ship's power supply and distribution system 1 has generators 2, batteries 3 and a fuel cell system 4 for power generation and a traction motor 5 and a not shown in detail electrical system for feeding auxiliary drives as energy consumers. The energy producers and the energy consumers are electrically connected to each other. Between the components are circuit breakers 7 according to FIGS. 1 to 4 or circuit breaker 17 according to FIG. 5 connected. The circuit breakers 7 have a high switching capacity due to the gas-emitting materials contained in their arc chambers at in relation to the high operating voltages of small size of the arc chamber and thus of the circuit breaker. Due to the large number of circuit breakers used in the ship supply and distribution system 1, installation space can thus be saved to a high degree in comparison with conventional circuit breakers. Preferably, a ship breaker 7 is formed with its (his) arc chamber (s) such that a double earth fault in the ship's power supply and distribution system 1, in FIG. 7 exemplified by short-circuit arrows 28, can be switched off by a single pole of the circuit breaker 7. A single pole 19 of the two-pole circuit breaker 7 according to FIG. 1 or circuit breaker 17 according to FIG. 5 is thus able to switch off the maximum voltage applied in the ship's supply and distribution system with double earth leakage current. Thus, a safe operation of the ship's power supply and distribution system is also given in the case of a double ground fault.

Der Leistungsschalter 7 kann dadurch besonders einfach in die Schiffs-Energieversorgungs- und -verteilungsanlage 1 geschaltet werden, dass er derart ausgebildet ist, dass er mit beliebiger Polarität in einen Stromkreis geschaltet werden kann. Dies ermöglicht z.B. eine Vereinfachung der Schalttafelverschienung zum Anschluss der Anschlussstücke 25 und 26 des Leistungsschalters 7.The circuit breaker 7 can be particularly easily switched to the ship's power supply and distribution system 1, that it is designed such that it can be switched with any polarity in a circuit. This allows, for example, a simplification of the panel busbar for connecting the connecting pieces 25 and 26 of the circuit breaker. 7

Claims (13)

  1. Ship circuit breaker (7, 17) for interrupting very high, energy-rich short-circuit currents in power supply and distribution systems (1) of watercraft, in particular of submarine vessels, said circuit breaker having at least one arc chute (8, 18) which is lined at least in part with a lining material (10) that evolves gas under the action of an arc, wherein the arc chute (8) is embodied in three parts and a first chute part (8a) has a cuboid shape, a second chute part (8b) has a trapezium shape and a third chute part (8c) has a cuboid shape, characterised in that the cross-sectional area (A1 of the first chute part (8a) stands in a ratio of 1:1.5 to 1:2.5, in particular 1:2, to the cross-sectional area (A3) of the third chute part (8c), wherein the gas-evolving lining material (10) for the arc chute (8, 18) consists of a polyester resin and wherein the arc chute (8, 18) is arranged at the rear (20) of the circuit breaker (7, 17) and connecting pieces (25, 26) for busbars are brought out at the top side (22) and bottom side (21) of the circuit breaker (7, 17).
  2. Ship circuit breaker (7, 17) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that the gas-evolving lining material (10) in the arc chute (8, 18) is embodied as evolving gas differently as a function of location.
  3. Ship circuit breaker (7, 17) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that the gas-evolving lining material (10) and non-gas-evolving lining material are arranged in the arc chute (8, 18) in the area ratio 2:3.
  4. Ship circuit breaker (7, 17) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that the gas-evolving lining material (10) contains fibres, the fibre material having in particular a fabric or mat shape.
  5. Ship circuit breaker (7, 17) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that the arc chute (8, 18) has at least one side wall (11) embodied in a plurality of layers, with at least one of the layers (12 or 13) being fibre-reinforced.
  6. Ship circuit breaker (7, 17) according to claim 5,
    characterised in that the at least one side wall (11) embodied in a plurality of layers has an inner layer (12) consisting at least in part of the gas-evolving lining material (10) and an outer layer (13) consisting of a laminated material.
  7. Ship circuit breaker (7, 17) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that the arc chute (8, 18) has a self-supporting structure.
  8. Ship circuit breaker (7, 17) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that the arc chute (8, 18) has at least in part a rectangular cross-section and quenching plates (9) are arranged in its part facing away from the circuit breaker (7, 17).
  9. Ship circuit breaker (7, 17) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that starting from the circuit breaker (7) the arc chute (8) has an initially constant cross-section, then a cross-section increasing in size, and then once again a constant cross-section (A1 and A2 and A3, respectively).
  10. Ship circuit breaker (7, 17) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that one arc chute (8, 18) is provided in each case for each pole (19) of the circuit breaker (7, 17).
  11. Ship circuit breaker (7, 17) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that the circuit breaker (7, 17) is embodied in such a way that it can be connected into an electric circuit with any polarity.
  12. Ship power supply and distribution system (1), in particular for submarine vessels, having
    - energy producers, e.g. generators (2), batteries (3), where appropriate a fuel cell system (4),
    - energy consumers, e.g. propulsion motors (5), onboard electrical system for feeding auxiliary drives that are electrically connected to one another, wherein circuit breakers (7, 17) are connected between at least some of the components,
    characterised in that a ship circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims is used for at least one of the circuit breakers (7, 17).
  13. Ship power supply and distribution system (1) according to claim 12,
    characterised in that the ship circuit breaker (7, 17) with its arc chute(s) (8, 18) is embodied in such a way that a double earth fault in the ship power supply and distribution system (1) can be disabled by means of a single pole (19) of the circuit breaker (7, 17).
EP04740934A 2003-07-14 2004-07-12 Circuit breaker for a boat, and power supply and distribution system for a boat, which contains such a circuit breaker Not-in-force EP1644948B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10331822A DE10331822A1 (en) 2003-07-14 2003-07-14 Ship circuit breaker and such a vessel power supply and distribution system
PCT/EP2004/007682 WO2005006366A1 (en) 2003-07-14 2004-07-12 Circuit breaker for a boat, and power supply and distribution system for a boat, which contains such a circuit breaker

Publications (2)

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EP1644948A1 EP1644948A1 (en) 2006-04-12
EP1644948B1 true EP1644948B1 (en) 2010-05-26

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EP04740934A Not-in-force EP1644948B1 (en) 2003-07-14 2004-07-12 Circuit breaker for a boat, and power supply and distribution system for a boat, which contains such a circuit breaker

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EP (1) EP1644948B1 (en)
KR (1) KR101059353B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE469428T1 (en)
DE (2) DE10331822A1 (en)
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WO (1) WO2005006366A1 (en)

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WO2013017484A1 (en) * 2011-07-29 2013-02-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Arc gap for switching systems

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WO2013017484A1 (en) * 2011-07-29 2013-02-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Arc gap for switching systems
RU2562453C1 (en) * 2011-07-29 2015-09-10 Сименс Акциенгезелльшафт Electric-arc chamber for switchgear
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DE10331822A1 (en) 2005-02-10
KR101059353B1 (en) 2011-08-24
ATE469428T1 (en) 2010-06-15
EP1644948A1 (en) 2006-04-12
WO2005006366A1 (en) 2005-01-20
ES2344563T3 (en) 2010-08-31
PT1644948E (en) 2010-06-07
DE502004011213D1 (en) 2010-07-08
KR20060033793A (en) 2006-04-19

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