EP1644121B2 - Separator disc and centrifuge comprising such separator discs - Google Patents

Separator disc and centrifuge comprising such separator discs Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1644121B2
EP1644121B2 EP04740786.1A EP04740786A EP1644121B2 EP 1644121 B2 EP1644121 B2 EP 1644121B2 EP 04740786 A EP04740786 A EP 04740786A EP 1644121 B2 EP1644121 B2 EP 1644121B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
separating plates
centrifuge
separator
surface energy
separating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04740786.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1644121A1 (en
EP1644121B1 (en
Inventor
Detlef Ullmann
Knud SCHÖNEBERG
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GEA Mechanical Equipment GmbH
Original Assignee
GEA Westfalia Separator GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=34066316&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP1644121(B2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by GEA Westfalia Separator GmbH filed Critical GEA Westfalia Separator GmbH
Publication of EP1644121A1 publication Critical patent/EP1644121A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1644121B1 publication Critical patent/EP1644121B1/en
Publication of EP1644121B2 publication Critical patent/EP1644121B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
    • B04B1/04—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles with inserted separating walls
    • B04B1/08—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles with inserted separating walls of conical shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B7/00—Elements of centrifuges
    • B04B7/08—Rotary bowls
    • B04B7/12—Inserts, e.g. armouring plates
    • B04B7/14—Inserts, e.g. armouring plates for separating walls of conical shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
    • B04B1/20—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl
    • B04B2001/2066—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl with additional disc stacks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a centrifuge according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Separator plates are commonly made of stainless steel.
  • the achievable selectivity for the separation of a product into two liquid phases, such as water or oil, can be improved.
  • the invention solves this problem by the feature combination of claim 1.
  • the separation efficiency or selectivity is significantly increased or optimized in a structurally simple manner, because by means of the surface energy changing surface treatment, the separation efficiency or selectivity can be precisely adapted to the respective product by specifically the surface energy of the separation plate is changed so that set, for example, at the same time an oil-friendly and a water-friendly surface.
  • the surface treatment also improves the cleanability of the separation plates.
  • the separating plates consist of a first material which, at least in sections, is provided with at least one coating of at least one other material which changes the surface energy compared to the first material. This measure is easy to implement procedurally and offers the advantages mentioned.
  • the separation plates consist of a first material, into which at least in sections a material which changes the surface energy compared to the first material has diffused, e.g. with methods similar to surface treatment methods of semiconductor technology, i. e.g. with the aid of a plasma jet or the like.
  • a material which changes the surface energy compared to the first material has diffused, e.g. with methods similar to surface treatment methods of semiconductor technology, i. e.g. with the aid of a plasma jet or the like.
  • the surface treatment can thus lead to chemical and / or physical bonds between the surface and the applied or introduced material.
  • the separator plates - also for reasons of easier manufacturability - on the top and / or bottom completelyrapnenergyver Snd surface-treated, i. e.g. provided with the coating.
  • each separating plate is preferably subdivided into a plurality of functional regions in order to achieve an optimization of the value phase.
  • the surface treatments, e.g. the coating materials are preferably adapted to the surface energy of the light or heavy phase to be separated.
  • FIG. 1a, b a schematic diagram of the operation of a separation plate according to the invention and a representation of the principle of the invention in comparison to the separation plate according to the prior art using the example of a coating on the separation plate.
  • This figure is purely exemplary. Instead of coatings, the areas of other surface energy could also be generated by other types of surface treatment.
  • FIG. 1 In FIG. 1 are two conical separating plates 1, 2 of a separator plate 3 not shown here for a separator to recognize.
  • the separation plates 1, 2 each have openings 4, which form a climbing channel 5 in interaction.
  • the separating plates 1, 2 are arranged axially spaced from each other, so that in each case a gap 6 is formed between them.
  • Trenntellerver show, for example, the DE 36 07 526 A1 or the DE-OS 19 09 996 .
  • the separating plates 1, 2 are generally made of stainless steel.
  • Surfaces 7, 8 of the separation plates 1, 2 are completely or substantially, ie preferably more than 50 percent of their surface, provided with a coating 9, 10 which changes the surface energy relative to a metal plate.
  • This may be formed, for example, ceramic and / or Teflon-based and / or as a lacquer (eg silicon-containing, silicone lacquer or the like.) And be applied depending on the purpose on the top and / or bottom of the separation plate, there also either completely or each sections.
  • the dispersion When a dispersion flows into the separator plate gap 6, the dispersion separates into the two phases “water” left of the center M of the riser channel 5 and “oil” right of the center M of the riser channel 5.
  • the water contains one more small residual amount of "oil” in the form of drops to be removed in the Trenntellerver 3.
  • the oil droplets on contact stick better than the other phase and coalesce with other drops to form an oil film. Due to the centrifugal force some oil moves to the side of the light phase (oil).
  • the separating plates 1, 2 can be divided into a plurality of functional surfaces or into sections with different coatings (here 9 and 10).
  • the coating 9, 10 divided into different areas, i. the coating is matched in the lighter phase on this, so that in the first place this adheres to the separation plates 1, 2, while it is tuned in the heavy phase on the heavy phase, so that here rather this phase at the separation plates. 1 , 2 clings.
  • Fig. 1b shows in the left figure, the flattened shape of a wider water droplet on an uncoated separation plate and the right figure a corresponding drop of water on a corresponding coated separation plate, which is narrower and significantly higher, but has an equal volume, which favors by the appropriately selected coating of the separation plate becomes.
  • a criterion for adhesions is the surface energy in addition to the surface structure. The treatment of the separation plates by polishing only slightly changes the surface energy. A so-called non-stick layer is not produced by this. A reduction in the adhesions can be explained by the structural change made.
  • the surface energy of the separation plates 1, 2 is in a range of an adhesive layer and is water-friendly (Trennseparator eg water / oil).
  • Each atom or molecule has dispersive forces, which are due to the local and temporary fluctuation of the electron shell density.
  • the non-dispersive (polar) forces are a plus that contributes to the overall interaction due to specific (e.g., functional) groups.
  • the surface energy of the solid for a given liquid is the desired value for Determination of the surface energy.
  • the adhesion can be explained in most cases directly with the surface energies of the two bonding partners.
  • knowledge of the polar portion is necessary for this purpose.
  • complete compatibility in terms of energy is required as well as the presence of as large a polar portion as possible on both sides. It follows that the total surface energies - both the dispersive and especially the polar portions of both phases - should be identical in order to achieve complete wetting of the oil.
  • the lowest possible surface energy is necessary, with a low polar content.

Landscapes

  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a method of increasing the separation effect of a centrifuge having separator discs in a disc stack. Also, the present disclosure relates to a separator disc and a centrifuge.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zentrifuge nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a centrifuge according to the preamble of claim 1.

Separatorenteller werden gängigerweise aus Edelstahl gefertigt. Verbesserungswürdig ist insbesondere die erzielbare Trennschärfe bei der Trennung eines Produktes in zwei flüssige Phasen wie Wasser oder Öl.Separator plates are commonly made of stainless steel. In particular, the achievable selectivity for the separation of a product into two liquid phases, such as water or oil, can be improved.

Es ist bekannt, die Metalloberfläche des Standardmaterials der Trennteller vorzubehandeln, z.B. durch einen elektrischen oder manuellen Poliervorgang. Diese Maßnahmen wirken aber zwar einer Verschmutzung der Trennteller entgegen, sie erzielen aber keine nennenswerte Erhöhung der Trennschärfe.It is known to pretreat the metal surface of the standard material of the separator discs, e.g. by an electrical or manual polishing process. Although these measures counteract contamination of the separation plates, but they do not achieve any appreciable increase in selectivity.

Es ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung, die Trennschärfe der Zentrifuge der gattungsgemäßen Art bei der Trennung eines Produkte in wenigstens zwei Phasen auf konstruktiv einfache Weise zu erhöhen und vorzugsweise auch das Reinigungsverhalten der Trennteller zu verbessern.It is the object of the invention to increase the selectivity of the centrifuge of the generic type in the separation of a product in at least two phases in a structurally simple manner and preferably to improve the cleaning behavior of the separation plate.

Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmalskombination des Anspruchs 1.The invention solves this problem by the feature combination of claim 1.

Durch diese Maßnahme wird die Trennleistung bzw. Trennschärfe auf konstruktiv einfache Weise wesentlich erhöht bzw. optimiert, denn mittels der die Oberflächenenergie verändernden Oberflächenbehandlung kann die Trennleistung bzw. Trennschärfe genau an das jeweilige Produkt angepasst werden, indem gezielt die Oberflächenenergie der Trennteller so verändert wird, daß sich beispielsweise gleichzeitig eine ölfreundliche und eine wasserunfreundliche Oberfläche einstellen. Durch die Oberflächenbehandlung wird auch die Reinigungsfähigkeit der Trennteller verbessert.By this measure, the separation efficiency or selectivity is significantly increased or optimized in a structurally simple manner, because by means of the surface energy changing surface treatment, the separation efficiency or selectivity can be precisely adapted to the respective product by specifically the surface energy of the separation plate is changed so that set, for example, at the same time an oil-friendly and a water-friendly surface. The surface treatment also improves the cleanability of the separation plates.

Die Trennteller bestehen aus einem ersten Material, das zumindest abschnittsweise mit wenigstens einer die Oberflächenenergie gegenüber dem ersten Material verändernden Beschichtung aus wenigstens einem anderen Material versehen sind. Diese Maßnahme ist einfach verfahrenstechnisch zu realisieren und bietet dabei die genannten Vorteile.The separating plates consist of a first material which, at least in sections, is provided with at least one coating of at least one other material which changes the surface energy compared to the first material. This measure is easy to implement procedurally and offers the advantages mentioned.

Gemäß einer Alternativlösung bestehen die Trennteller aus einem ersten Material, in das zumindest abschnittsweise ein die Oberflächenenergie gegenüber dem ersten Material veränderndes anderes Material eindiffundiert ist, z.B. mit Verfahren, welche zu oberflächenbehandelnden Verfahren der Halbleitertechnik ähnlich sind, d.h. z.B. mit Hilfe eines Plasmastrahles oder dgl.. Hier ergeben sich auf alternative Weise ebenfalls die Vorteile des Anspruchs 1.According to an alternative solution, the separation plates consist of a first material, into which at least in sections a material which changes the surface energy compared to the first material has diffused, e.g. with methods similar to surface treatment methods of semiconductor technology, i. e.g. with the aid of a plasma jet or the like. Here, the advantages of claim 1 also arise in an alternative manner.

Denkbar sind auch Kombinationen der beiden vorgenannten Verfahren.Also conceivable are combinations of the two aforementioned methods.

Die Oberflächenbehandlung kann somit zu chemischen und/oder physikalischen Bindungen zwischen der Oberfläche und dem auf- bzw. eingebrachten Material führen.The surface treatment can thus lead to chemical and / or physical bonds between the surface and the applied or introduced material.

Vorzugsweise sind die Trennteller - auch aus Gründen der einfacheren Herstellbarkeit - an der Ober- und/oder Unterseite vollständig oberflächenenergieverändernd oberflächenbehandelt, d.h. z.B. mit der Beschichtung versehen.Preferably, the separator plates - also for reasons of easier manufacturability - on the top and / or bottom completely Oberflächenenergieverändernd surface-treated, i. e.g. provided with the coating.

Es sind zur Abstimmung an die jeweiligen Phasen eines zu trennenden Schleudergutes bzw. Produktes in verschiedenen Bereichen der Trennteller -bevorzugt aus Edelstahl - verschiedene Oberflächenbehandlungen vorgenommen.There are made to vote on the respective phases of a centrifugal product or product to be separated in various areas of the separation plate - preferably made of stainless steel - various surface treatments.

Bei einem Trennseparator wird jeder Trennteller derart vorzugsweise in mehrere Funktionsbereiche unterteilt, um eine Optimierung der Wertphase zu erzielen. Dabei können die Oberflächenbehandlungen, z.B. die Beschichtungsmaterialien, bevorzugt an die Oberflächenenergie der zu trennenden leichten bzw. schweren Phase angepasst werden.In the case of a separating separator, each separating plate is preferably subdivided into a plurality of functional regions in order to achieve an optimization of the value phase. The surface treatments, e.g. the coating materials are preferably adapted to the surface energy of the light or heavy phase to be separated.

Es ist auch ergänzend denkbar, oberhalb und unterhalb der Trennteller verschiedene Oberflächenbehandlungen vorzunehmen oder radial innerhalb und außerhalb der Trennzone, insbesondere radial innerhalb und außerhalb eines Steigekanals, der oftmals so angeordnet ist, dass die Trennzone in seiner Mitte liegt.It is also conceivable to make different surface treatments above and below the separation plates or radially inside and outside the separation zone, in particular radially inside and outside of a riser channel, which is often arranged so that the separation zone is in its center.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind den übrigen Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.Further advantageous embodiments can be found in the remaining subclaims.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung unter Bezug auf die Zeichnung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher beschrieben.The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawing with reference to an embodiment.

Es zeigt Figur 1a, b eine Prinzipdarstellung der Wirkungsweise eines erfindungsgemäßen Trenntellers und eine Darstellung des Prinzips der Erfindung im Vergleich zum Trennteller nach dem Stand der Technik am Beispiel einer Beschichtung an dem Trennteller. Diese Figur ist rein beispielhaft zu verstehen. Anstelle durch Beschichtungen könnten die Bereiche anderer Oberflächenenergie auch durch andere Arten der Oberflächenbehandlung erzeugt sein.It shows FIG. 1a, b a schematic diagram of the operation of a separation plate according to the invention and a representation of the principle of the invention in comparison to the separation plate according to the prior art using the example of a coating on the separation plate. This figure is purely exemplary. Instead of coatings, the areas of other surface energy could also be generated by other types of surface treatment.

In Figur 1 sind zwei konische Trennteller 1, 2 eines ansonsten hier nicht dargestellten Trenntellerpakets 3 für einen Separator zu erkennen. Die Trennteller 1, 2 weisen jeweils Öffnungen 4 auf, welche im Zusammenspiel einen Steigekanal 5 ausbilden. Die Trennteller 1, 2 sind voneinander axial beabstandet angeordnet, so dass zwischen ihnen jeweils ein Spalt 6 ausgebildet ist.In FIG. 1 are two conical separating plates 1, 2 of a separator plate 3 not shown here for a separator to recognize. The separation plates 1, 2 each have openings 4, which form a climbing channel 5 in interaction. The separating plates 1, 2 are arranged axially spaced from each other, so that in each case a gap 6 is formed between them.

Ein derartiges Trenntellerpaket zeigen beispielsweise die DE 36 07 526 A1 oder die DE-OS 19 09 996 . Die Trennteller 1, 2 bestehen im allgemeinen aus Edelstahl.Such a Trenntellerpaket show, for example, the DE 36 07 526 A1 or the DE-OS 19 09 996 , The separating plates 1, 2 are generally made of stainless steel.

Es sind die oberen und unteren (nach Fig. 1) Oberflächen 7, 8 der Trennteller 1, 2 vollständig oder zu einem wesentlichen Anteil, d.h. vorzugsweise zu mehr als 50 Prozent ihrer Oberfläche, mit einer Beschichtung 9, 10 versehen sind, welche relativ zu einem Metallteller die Oberflächenenergie verändert. Diese kann z.B. keramisch und/oder auf Teflonbasis und/oder als Lack (z.B. Siliziumhaltig, Silikonlack oder dgl.) ausgebildet sein und je nach Einsatzzweck an der Ober- und/oder Unterseite der Trennteller aufgebracht sein, und zwar dort ebenfalls entweder vollständig oder jeweils abschnittsweise.It is the upper and lower (after Fig. 1 ) Surfaces 7, 8 of the separation plates 1, 2 are completely or substantially, ie preferably more than 50 percent of their surface, provided with a coating 9, 10 which changes the surface energy relative to a metal plate. This may be formed, for example, ceramic and / or Teflon-based and / or as a lacquer (eg silicon-containing, silicone lacquer or the like.) And be applied depending on the purpose on the top and / or bottom of the separation plate, there also either completely or each sections.

Durch die Beschichtung 9, 10 der Trennteller 1, 2 ist deren Oberfläche z.B. wasserunfreundlich aber ölfreundlich ausgestaltbar.Through the coating 9, 10 of the separating plates 1, 2 whose surface is e.g. water-friendly but oil-friendly ausgestaltbar.

Beim Einströmen einer Dispersion in den Trenntellerspalt 6 trennt sich die Dispersion in die beiden Phasen "Wasser" links der Mitte M des Steigekanals 5 und "Öl" rechts der Mitte M des Steigekanals 5. Das Wasser enthält noch einen geringen Restanteil "Öl" in Form von Tropfen, der in dem Trenntellerpaket 3 entfernt werden soll. Auf der ölfreundlichen Trenntelleroberfläche bleiben die Öltropfen bei Berührung besser als die andere Phase haften und koaleszieren mit anderen Tropfen und bilden einen Ölfilm. Durch die Zentrifugalkraft wandert etwas Öl zur Seite der leichten Phase (Öl).When a dispersion flows into the separator plate gap 6, the dispersion separates into the two phases "water" left of the center M of the riser channel 5 and "oil" right of the center M of the riser channel 5. The water contains one more small residual amount of "oil" in the form of drops to be removed in the Trenntellerpaket 3. On the oil-friendly separator disc surface, the oil droplets on contact stick better than the other phase and coalesce with other drops to form an oil film. Due to the centrifugal force some oil moves to the side of the light phase (oil).

Bei der Trennung im Trenntellerspalt 6 bilden sich auf der Wasserseite Öltropfen und auf der Ölseite Wassertropfen. Es werden somit an die Oberfläche unterschiedliche Anforderungen gestellt. Die Wasserseite muß ölfreundlich sein, damit die restlichen Öltropfen an der Oberfläche besser koaleszieren, während die Ölseite genau die gegenteiligen Eigenschaften haben muß. Hieraus läßt sich ableiten, daß sich die Trennteller 1, 2 in mehrere Funktionsoberflächen bzw. in Abschnitte mit verschiedenen Beschichtungen (hier 9 und 10) einteilen lassen.During the separation in the separator plate gap 6, oil droplets form on the water side and water droplets on the oil side. Thus, different demands are placed on the surface. The water side must be oil-friendly, so that the remaining oil drops on the surface better coalesce, while the oil side must have exactly the opposite properties. It can be deduced from this that the separating plates 1, 2 can be divided into a plurality of functional surfaces or into sections with different coatings (here 9 and 10).

Es ist die Beschichtung 9, 10 in verschiedenen Bereiche aufgeteilt, d.h. die Beschichtung wird im Bereich der leichteren Phase auf diese abgestimmt, so daß in erster Linie diese an den Trenntellern 1, 2 anhaftet, während sie im Bereich des schweren Phase auf die schwere Phase abgestimmt ist, so daß hier eher diese Phase an den Trenntellern 1, 2 anhaftet.It is the coating 9, 10 divided into different areas, i. the coating is matched in the lighter phase on this, so that in the first place this adheres to the separation plates 1, 2, while it is tuned in the heavy phase on the heavy phase, so that here rather this phase at the separation plates. 1 , 2 clings.

Dabei ist es nicht nur möglich, die Beschichtung bzw. die Oberflächenenergie der Beschichtung der Trennteller 1, 2 in den verschiedenen Bereichen an die verschiedenen voneinander zu trennenden Phasen anzupassen, sondern es ist auch möglich, die Oberflächenenergie an das zu verarbeitende Schleudergut an sich anzupassen, so daß die Beschichtung beispielsweise zur Trennung eines Wasser-Öl-Gemisches anders gewählt werden muß als bei der Auftrennung anderer Flüssigkeiten.It is not only possible to adapt the coating or the surface energy of the coating of the separation plates 1, 2 in the different areas to the different phases to be separated from one another, but it is also possible to adapt the surface energy to the centrifuged material to be processed per se, so that the coating must be chosen differently, for example, for the separation of a water-oil mixture than in the separation of other liquids.

Als Vorteile sind zu nennen die hiermit erzielbare Verschleißminderung sowie geringere Reibwerte und Erhöhung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit.The advantages that can be achieved are the reduction in wear that can be achieved as well as lower coefficients of friction and increased corrosion resistance.

Ein Versuch zeigt, daß eine Bilgewasser-Trennung in Öl und Wasser - wie sie an Bord eines Schiffes durchgeführt wird, eine deutliche Leistungssteigerung erzielbar ist.An experiment shows that a bilge water separation in oil and water - as carried out on board a ship, a significant increase in performance is achievable.

Fig. 1b zeigt in der linken Abbildung die abgeflachte Form eines breiteren Wassertropfens auf einem unbeschichteten Trennteller und die rechte Abbildung einen entsprechenden Wassertropfen auf einem entsprechend beschichteten Trennteller, der schmaler und deutlich höher ist, aber ein gleiches Volumen aufweist, was durch die entsprechend gewählte Beschichtung des Trenntellers begünstigt wird.
Zur Theorie der Beschichtungen sei hier ergänzend folgendes angemerkt. Ein Kriterium für Anhaftungen ist neben der Oberflächenstruktur die Oberflächenenergie. Die Behandlung der Trennteller durch Polieren verändert nur gering die Oberflächenenergie. Eine so genannte Antihaftschicht wird hierdurch nicht erzeugt. Eine Verringerung der Anhaftungen lässt sich durch die vorgenommene Strukturänderung erklären. Die Oberflächenenergie der Trennteller 1, 2 liegt in einem Bereich einer Haftschicht und ist wasserfreundlich (Trennseparator z.B. Wasser/Öl). Fig. 1b shows in the left figure, the flattened shape of a wider water droplet on an uncoated separation plate and the right figure a corresponding drop of water on a corresponding coated separation plate, which is narrower and significantly higher, but has an equal volume, which favors by the appropriately selected coating of the separation plate becomes.
As regards the theory of coatings, the following should be mentioned in addition. A criterion for adhesions is the surface energy in addition to the surface structure. The treatment of the separation plates by polishing only slightly changes the surface energy. A so-called non-stick layer is not produced by this. A reduction in the adhesions can be explained by the structural change made. The surface energy of the separation plates 1, 2 is in a range of an adhesive layer and is water-friendly (Trennseparator eg water / oil).

Eine Möglichkeit der Beschreibung des Phänomens der freien Grenzflächenenergie kann über einen thermodynamischen Weg erfolgen. Für ein gegebenes System ist der Proportionalitätsfaktor zwischen seiner Energie und seiner Grenzfläche die so genannte Grenzflächenspannung oder präziser die "freie Grenzflächenenergie". Um die Grenzfläche eines Systems zu vergrößern, muss Arbeit verrichtet werden. Die freie Oberflächenenergie setzt sich additiv aus den dispersiven und nicht dispersiven (polaren) Energien oder Wechselwirkungen zusammen. σ = σ P + σ D

Figure imgb0001

  • σP: nicht dispersive (polare Anteile der Grenzflächenenergie)
    • Dipol - Dipol- Interaktion
    • Wasserstoffbrückenbindung
    • aLewis Säure / Base-Wechselwirkung
    • Charge - Transfer-Wechselwirkung
  • σD: dispersiver Anteil der Grenzflächenenergie
    • Van der Waals Interaktion
One way of describing the phenomenon of free surface energy can be via a thermodynamic pathway. For a given system, the proportionality factor between its energy and its interface is the so-called interfacial tension or, more precisely, the "free interface energy". To increase the interface of a system, work has to be done. The surface free energy is composed of the dispersive and non-dispersive (polar) energies or interactions. σ = σ P + σ D
Figure imgb0001
  • σ P : non-dispersive (polar parts of the interfacial energy)
    • Dipole - dipole interaction
    • Hydrogen bonding
    • aLis acid / base interaction
    • Charge - transfer interaction
  • σ D: dispersive fraction of the interfacial energy
    • Van der Waals interaction

Jedes Atom oder Molekül besitzt dispersive Kräfte, die aufgrund der lokalen und temporären Fluktuation der Elektronenhüllendichte zustande kommen. Die nicht - dispersiven (polaren) Kräfte sind ein Plus, welche aufgrund spezieller (z.B. funktioneller) Gruppen zur Gesamtwechselwirkung beiträgt.Each atom or molecule has dispersive forces, which are due to the local and temporary fluctuation of the electron shell density. The non-dispersive (polar) forces are a plus that contributes to the overall interaction due to specific (e.g., functional) groups.

Soll der behandelte Festkörper mit einer Flüssigkeit in Kontakt gebracht werden, wie dies beim Lackieren, dem Verkleben, dem Reinigen, dem Benetzen einer Flüssigkeit auf einer Oberfläche etc. der Fall ist, so ist die Oberflächenenergie des Festkörpers bei einer gegebenen Flüssigkeit der gesuchte Wert zur Ermittlung der Oberflächenenergie. So ist es nach der Erfindung auch im Bereich der Trennteller 1, 2 vorteilhaft, wenn eine Flüssigkeit in ihrer Oberflächenspannung genau zu den entsprechenden Parametern des Feststoffes passt, da es im Fall zu niedriger Energie des Festkörpers zu einer geringeren Benetzung von Flächenteilen kommt.If the treated solid is to be brought into contact with a liquid, as is the case during painting, bonding, cleaning, wetting of a liquid on a surface, etc., the surface energy of the solid for a given liquid is the desired value for Determination of the surface energy. Thus, according to the invention, it is also advantageous in the area of the separating plates 1, 2 if a liquid in its surface tension fits exactly to the corresponding parameters of the solid, since in the case of too low energy of the solid there is less wetting of surface parts.

Die Adhäsion kann in den meisten Fällen direkt mit den Oberflächenenergien der beiden Haftpartner erklärt werden. Hierzu ist insbesondere die Kenntnis des polaren Anteils notwendig. Als einfaches Kriterium für optimale Adhäsion ist eine vollkommene Kompatibilität in energetischer Hinsicht sowie das Vorhandensein eines möglichst großen polaren Anteils auf beiden Seiten erforderlich. Hieraus folgt, daß die gesamten Oberflächenenergien - sowohl die dispersiven als auch besonders die polaren Anteile beider Phasen - identisch sein sollten, um eine vollkommene Benetzung des Öles zu erzielen. Für eine Antihaftung ist eine möglichst geringe Oberflächenenergie notwendig, mit einem geringen polaren Anteil.The adhesion can be explained in most cases directly with the surface energies of the two bonding partners. In particular, knowledge of the polar portion is necessary for this purpose. As a simple criterion for optimum adhesion, complete compatibility in terms of energy is required as well as the presence of as large a polar portion as possible on both sides. It follows that the total surface energies - both the dispersive and especially the polar portions of both phases - should be identical in order to achieve complete wetting of the oil. For an anti-adhesion, the lowest possible surface energy is necessary, with a low polar content.

Claims (7)

  1. A centrifuge, in particular a separator or solid-jacket worm centrifuge, comprising a centrifugal drum in which a separating-plate stack consisting of separating plates (1, 2) is arranged, which separating plates consist of a first material, characterized by
    - a surface treatment of the separating plates, which at least varies the surface energy in sections, such that the separating plates (1, 2) are provided at least in sections with at least one coating (9, 10) varying the surface energy with respect to the first material and consisting of at least one other material, or that another material varying the surface energy with respect to the first material is diffused at least in sections into the first material;
    - wherein various zones (9, 10) consisting of various materials are applied to or diffused into various regions of the separating plates (1, 2).
  2. A centrifuge according to claim 1, characterized in that the separating plates (1, 2) are completely surface-treated on the top side and/or the underside.
  3. A centrifuge according to claim 2, characterized in that the surface treatment is adapted to the surface energy of the light or heavy phase to be separated.
  4. A centrifuge according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first material is high-grade steel and the coating is ceramic.
  5. A centrifuge according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that various surface treatments varying the surface energy are carried out above and below the separating plates (1, 2).
  6. A centrifuge according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that various surface treatments are carried out radially inside and outside the separating zone.
  7. A centrifuge according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, characterized in that various surface treatments on the separating plates (1, 2) are carried out radially inside and outside a riser conduit (5).
EP04740786.1A 2003-07-10 2004-07-08 Separator disc and centrifuge comprising such separator discs Expired - Lifetime EP1644121B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10331424 2003-07-10
DE10358239 2003-12-12
PCT/EP2004/007480 WO2005005050A1 (en) 2003-07-10 2004-07-08 Centrifuge comprising a separator disc stack and separator disc

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1644121A1 EP1644121A1 (en) 2006-04-12
EP1644121B1 EP1644121B1 (en) 2008-07-02
EP1644121B2 true EP1644121B2 (en) 2015-07-15

Family

ID=34066316

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04740786.1A Expired - Lifetime EP1644121B2 (en) 2003-07-10 2004-07-08 Separator disc and centrifuge comprising such separator discs

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20070066476A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1644121B2 (en)
JP (1) JP4856540B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE399594T1 (en)
DE (1) DE502004007500D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2309532T5 (en)
WO (1) WO2005005050A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2050505B1 (en) 2007-10-17 2016-04-06 GEA Mechanical Equipment GmbH Centrifuge and separator disc
DE102011050046A1 (en) 2011-05-02 2012-11-08 Gea Mechanical Equipment Gmbh centrifuge
AU2012344280B2 (en) * 2011-11-28 2015-11-19 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Centrifugal separator with anti-fouling properties
EP2944391A1 (en) 2014-05-13 2015-11-18 Alfa Laval Corporate AB Centrifugal separator
US11427839B2 (en) 2014-08-29 2022-08-30 Lee Tech Llc Yeast stage tank incorporated fermentation system and method
US11680278B2 (en) 2014-08-29 2023-06-20 Lee Tech Llc Yeast stage tank incorporated fermentation system and method
CN105127013B (en) * 2015-08-13 2018-08-03 南京中船绿洲机器有限公司 A kind of double tapered disc separator
US11166478B2 (en) 2016-06-20 2021-11-09 Lee Tech Llc Method of making animal feeds from whole stillage
US20190119711A1 (en) * 2017-10-20 2019-04-25 Lee Tech Llc Method of and system for producing a syrup with the highest concentration using a dry mill process
US11623966B2 (en) 2021-01-22 2023-04-11 Lee Tech Llc System and method for improving the corn wet mill and dry mill process

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE30140C1 (en) † 1911-01-14
US3519199A (en) † 1969-04-03 1970-07-07 Baker Perkins Inc Solids handling centrifugal extractor
US3741467A (en) † 1969-07-24 1973-06-26 Alfa Laval Ab Centrifugal separator
DE3619926A1 (en) † 1985-06-19 1987-01-02 Euro Technical Oilservices Bv Apparatus for treating a liquid containing contaminates
EP0320105A1 (en) † 1987-12-07 1989-06-14 Alfa-Laval Separation Ab Centrifuge with flow influencing means
DE10065060A1 (en) † 2000-12-27 2002-07-11 Westfalia Separator Ind Gmbh Solid bowl screw centrifuge with plate insert
US20030146146A1 (en) † 2000-06-08 2003-08-07 Wilfried Mackel Centrifuge with a sieve system and method for operating the same
US6946096B2 (en) † 2002-05-03 2005-09-20 Honeywell International, Inc. Use of powder metal sintering/diffusion bonding to enable applying silicon carbide or rhenium alloys to face seal rotors

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE321896B (en) * 1968-02-29 1970-03-16 Alfa Laval Ab
US3594011A (en) * 1968-08-04 1971-07-20 Federal Mogul Corp Composite wear-resistant articles such as face seals
JP2704523B2 (en) * 1988-04-21 1998-01-26 月島機械株式会社 centrifuge
US5392982A (en) * 1988-11-29 1995-02-28 Li; Chou H. Ceramic bonding method
EP0444271A3 (en) * 1990-02-24 1992-03-11 Westfalia Separator Ag Disc for a centrifugal separator
US6338906B1 (en) * 1992-09-17 2002-01-15 Coorstek, Inc. Metal-infiltrated ceramic seal
FR2838752B1 (en) * 2002-04-22 2005-02-25 Snecma Moteurs METHOD FOR FORMING A CERAMIC COATING ON A SUBSTRATE BY PHYSICAL PHASE DEPOSITION IN ELECTRON BEAM PHASE

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE30140C1 (en) † 1911-01-14
US3519199A (en) † 1969-04-03 1970-07-07 Baker Perkins Inc Solids handling centrifugal extractor
US3741467A (en) † 1969-07-24 1973-06-26 Alfa Laval Ab Centrifugal separator
DE3619926A1 (en) † 1985-06-19 1987-01-02 Euro Technical Oilservices Bv Apparatus for treating a liquid containing contaminates
EP0320105A1 (en) † 1987-12-07 1989-06-14 Alfa-Laval Separation Ab Centrifuge with flow influencing means
US20030146146A1 (en) † 2000-06-08 2003-08-07 Wilfried Mackel Centrifuge with a sieve system and method for operating the same
DE10065060A1 (en) † 2000-12-27 2002-07-11 Westfalia Separator Ind Gmbh Solid bowl screw centrifuge with plate insert
US6946096B2 (en) † 2002-05-03 2005-09-20 Honeywell International, Inc. Use of powder metal sintering/diffusion bonding to enable applying silicon carbide or rhenium alloys to face seal rotors

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2005005050A1 (en) 2005-01-20
ES2309532T5 (en) 2015-11-26
ES2309532T3 (en) 2008-12-16
US20070066476A1 (en) 2007-03-22
EP1644121A1 (en) 2006-04-12
DE502004007500D1 (en) 2008-08-14
JP4856540B2 (en) 2012-01-18
EP1644121B1 (en) 2008-07-02
JP2009514657A (en) 2009-04-09
ATE399594T1 (en) 2008-07-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1644121B2 (en) Separator disc and centrifuge comprising such separator discs
DE3629947C2 (en) Device for the continuous separation of solid particles from a liquid suspension
EP2512683A1 (en) Centrifugal droplet separator for separating liquid droplets from a feed gas flow containing said droplets
EP0231841A1 (en) Apparatus for the uniform distribution of a liquid containing solid particles on a cross area
DE3042316A1 (en) METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SUPPLYING AND DISTRIBUTING COMPOSED LIQUIDS TO A LAMINARY SEPARATION DEVICE
DE20109688U1 (en) Disc centrifuge with double inlet
DE69608131T2 (en) METHOD FOR PRODUCING A MOTHER PLATE FOR ELECTROLYTIC REFINING AND EXTRACTION, AND MOTHER PLATE MADE THEREOF
EP1798333A2 (en) Apparatus and method for degassing a liquid or pasty medium, in particular a coating colour
DE879537C (en) Process and device for bringing immiscible, flowable media of different specific gravity into contact with one another
EP0302123A1 (en) Settler for liquid-liquid extractors
EP2104724A2 (en) Process for separating an aqueous phase from an oil phase
DE102006027893A1 (en) Separator with a double conical drum made of metal
DE2832071B2 (en) Device for separating gaseous and solid components from flowable products
DE10315068B3 (en) Sacrificial layer removal method for semiconductor technology using microchannels formed in structured layer for transporting removal medium to sacrificial layer
DE102015013183A1 (en) Apparatus and method for treating workpieces
DE10238187B4 (en) Process for producing coated elongate workpieces
EP0074530A1 (en) Method and apparatus for separating matter from polluted water
EP2481474A1 (en) Sealing assembly for rod-shaped ceramic filter elements
DE2922721A1 (en) Separator of immiscible liquids dispersion - with baffle plates forming open angle facing flow
EP3570981B1 (en) Centrifuge
DE3439053A1 (en) Apparatus for water/oil separation
DE102010048215B4 (en) Method and centrifuge with fractionated centrifugation and multiple refining
DE2164476C3 (en) Device for separating dispersions from immiscible liquids
DE202016004693U1 (en) Coalescence separator for separating light fluid components in a carrier fluid, in particular for separating oil components from cooling liquids
WO1986006001A1 (en) Device for the continuous removal of vapours or gases from liquids with a foam-forming tendency

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20060105

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

RTI1 Title (correction)

Free format text: SEPARATOR DISC AND CENTRIFUGE COMPRISING SUCH SEPARATOR DISCS

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: WESTFALIA SEPARATOR GMBH

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 502004007500

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20080814

Kind code of ref document: P

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN

RAP2 Party data changed (patent owner data changed or rights of a patent transferred)

Owner name: GEA WESTFALIA SEPARATOR GMBH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: SE

Ref legal event code: TRGR

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080702

NLT2 Nl: modifications (of names), taken from the european patent patent bulletin

Owner name: GEA WESTFALIA SEPARATOR GMBH

Effective date: 20081015

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2309532

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20081202

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FD4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20081002

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080702

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080731

PLBI Opposition filed

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080702

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080702

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080702

PLAX Notice of opposition and request to file observation + time limit sent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNOBS2

26 Opposition filed

Opponent name: ALFA LAVAL CORPORATE AB

Effective date: 20090401

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080702

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080702

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080702

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080731

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080731

NLR1 Nl: opposition has been filed with the epo

Opponent name: ALFA LAVAL CORPORATE AB

PLAF Information modified related to communication of a notice of opposition and request to file observations + time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSCOBS2

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080708

PLBB Reply of patent proprietor to notice(s) of opposition received

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNOBS3

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080702

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080708

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080702

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090103

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080731

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20081003

PUAH Patent maintained in amended form

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009272

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: PATENT MAINTAINED AS AMENDED

27A Patent maintained in amended form

Effective date: 20150715

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B2

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R102

Ref document number: 502004007500

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: SE

Ref legal event code: RPEO

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: DC2A

Ref document number: 2309532

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T5

Effective date: 20151126

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: FP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 13

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 14

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 15

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20190725

Year of fee payment: 16

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20190808

Year of fee payment: 16

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20190724

Year of fee payment: 16

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20200717

Year of fee payment: 17

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20200731

Year of fee payment: 17

Ref country code: TR

Payment date: 20200707

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20200721

Year of fee payment: 17

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20200731

Year of fee payment: 17

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20200801

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20200708

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200708

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200801

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20211202

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200709

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 502004007500

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20220201

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210709

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210731

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210708

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210708