EP1643593A1 - Aperture antenna element - Google Patents
Aperture antenna element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1643593A1 EP1643593A1 EP04255959A EP04255959A EP1643593A1 EP 1643593 A1 EP1643593 A1 EP 1643593A1 EP 04255959 A EP04255959 A EP 04255959A EP 04255959 A EP04255959 A EP 04255959A EP 1643593 A1 EP1643593 A1 EP 1643593A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- apertures
- feed
- plates
- aperture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
Definitions
- This invention relates to antennas, and particularly to wide-bandwidth aperture antennas.
- Wide-bandwidth antennas are desirable for a number of reasons. Firstly, they enable economies of scale in manufacture, since if an antenna can be used over a wide range of frequencies it will be applicable in more situations, so fewer different antenna designs will be required. Also, in the field of base stations for mobile telephone services, different standards are introduced from time to time, such as the UMTS standard, and these newly introduced standards do not immediately replace the existing ones, such as GSM, but have to co-exist with them. This means that base stations need to be able to operate according to more than one standard at once, and thus to operate in the different frequency bands demanded by the different standards. One possibility would be to have separate antennas for the different frequency bands, but that would add to the costs of the base stations. It would be preferable to have antennas which had a sufficiently wide bandwidth to accommodate the frequency bands of different standards.
- an antenna including at least one conductive plate having a resonant aperture therein, said resonant aperture being in the form of a rectangle with rounded corners.
- the antenna preferably comprises first and second said conductive plates having said resonant apertures therein, said first and second plates being parallel and said apertures being aligned, at least one feed stub between said first and second plates and extending into the space between said apertures and a third conductive plate, parallel to and spaced apart from said first and second plates.
- FIG. 1 shows a side view of an antenna comprising a pair of apertured conductive plates 1 and 2, arranged parallel and adjacent to one another and having respective aligned apertures 3 and 4. Between the apertured plates 1 and 2 are a pair of feed stubs 5 and 6. The feed stubs 5 and 6 extend inwardly, extending part way into the region between the apertures 3 and 4. A third conductive plate 7 is parallel to and spaced apart from the apertured plates and acts as a reflector.
- FIG. 2 shows a top view of the antenna of FIG. 1, from which the shape of the aperture 3, which is identical to aperture 4, can be seen.
- Aperture 3 is in the form of a square with rounded corners.
- the boundary of aperture 3 consists of straight segments 8, 9, 10 and 11, of length s, forming parts of respective sides of a square of side a, joined by 90° circular arcs 12, 13, 14 and 15 of radius r .
- the ratio of r to a is preferably in the range 10% to 45%, more preferably in the range 20% to 40% and more preferably in the range 30% to 35%. In an embodiment to be described in more detail it is about 1/3.
- the feed stubs 5 and 6 extend into the apertures at the centers of the straight segments 11 and 10 respectively, and at right angles to them.
- the feed stubs 5 and 6 are coupled to respective orthogonally polarized modes.
- the conductive plates 1, 2 and 7 and the feed stubs 5 and 6 may be of sheet metal or of metal plated onto respective insulating substrates.
- feed stubs 5 and 6 are thin conductive strips and, in contrast to feed stubs in conventional aperture antennas, have a vertical orientation. That is to say, there are oriented in planes which are perpendicular to the planes of the apertured plates 1 and 2, so that they present their thickness dimension, rather than their width dimension, to the apertured plates 1 and 2. This achieves a better coupling and reduces the disturbance of the field in the apertures.
- FIGs 3 and 4 show electric field lines with, respectively, a conventional horizontally oriented feed stub 35 between apertured plates 31 and 32 as shown in FIG. 3 and a vertically oriented feed stub 45 between apertured plates 41 and 42 as shown in FIG. 4.
- the feeding line had an impedance of 100 ⁇ , which has the advantage that two antenna elements, or two feed stubs in one antenna element, can be fed in parallel from one conventional 50 ⁇ connection without the necessity for impedance matching networks, which would reduce the bandwidth of the configuration.
- FIG. 5 shows an experimental single antenna element which operates in a frequency range of 1700MHz to 3300MHz, including the bands used in GSM 1800, UMTS, Bluetooth and WLAN systems.
- the first and second apertured plates 51 and 52, and the third plate 57 are constructed from 0.5mm brass sheet metal and are held in their relative positions by brass posts 510 at the corners.
- the spacing between the apertured plates 51 and 52 is 12mm and the third plate is spaced apart from the apertured plates by 40mm.
- the apertures 53 and 54 have an overall width a of 90mm.
- the radius r of the circular arcs forming the rounded corners is 30mm, so the length s of the straight segments of the aperture boundary is also 30mm.
- the feed stubs 55 and 56 are made from 1 mm thick sheet metal and have a width of 4mm. They are vertically oriented, extend 32mm into the aperture and, for the purposes of this experimental embodiment, are mounted directly on 50 ⁇ co-axial surface mounting (SMA) connectors 58 and 59 which are soldered to the apertured plates 51 and 52.
- SMA co-axial surface mounting
- FIG. 7 shows an antenna array with four elements.
- the topmost (first) apertured plate has been removed to enable the feed arrangement to be seen.
- the second apertured plate 72 has four identical apertures 74a, 74b, 74c and 74d regularly spaced apart.
- Each of the apertures 74a, 74b, 74c and 74d has the shape and dimensions discussed above in connection with FIGs 2 and 5.
- the first apertured plate which is not shown, has identical apertures.
- Each of the apertures has a corresponding pair of feed stubs 75a and 76a, 75b and 76b, 75c and 76c and 75d and 76d, the stubs of each pair being arranged to excite orthogonally polarized modes in their respective aperture.
- the feed stubs 75a, 75b, 75c and 75d are arranged to excite one linear polarization in the respective apertures 74a, 74b, 74c and 74d and the feed stubs 76a, 76b, 76c and 76d are arranged to excite the orthogonal linear polarization in the respective apertures 74a, 74b, 74c and 74d.
- the feed stubs 75a and 75b are connected via respective co-axial leads 715a and 715b to a SMA co-axial connector 78a.
- the feed stubs 75c and 75d are connected via respective co-axial leads 715c and 715d to a SMA co-axial connector 78b
- the feed stubs 76a and 76b are connected via respective co-axial leads 716a and 716b to a SMA co-axial connector 79a
- the feed stubs 76c and 76d are connected via respective co-axial leads 716c and 716d to a SMA co-axial connector 79b.
- the SMA co-axial connectors 78a, 78b, 79a and 79b form input/output ports for the antenna array.
- each of the SMA co-axial connectors is connected to two feed stubs arranged to excite parallel linear polarizations.
- SMA connector 78a is connected to feed stubs 75a and 75b, which both excite parallel linear polarizations
- SMA connector 79a is connected to feed stubs 76a and 76b, which both excite parallel linear polarizations, orthogonal to those excited by feed stubs 75a and 75b.
- This means that the two linear polarizations can be excited independently, to employ polarization diversity, for example.
- FIG. 8 shows an alternative arrangement, in which a single SMA connector 88 is connected to feed stubs 85 and 86 arranged to excite orthogonally polarized modes in a single aperture 84. Furthermore, the feed stubs 85 and 86 are connected via co-axial leads 815 and 816 of different lengths. Thus, a signal applied to the SMA connector 88 will excite both polarizations, with a phase difference between them, due to the difference in length between the leads 815 and 816. Such an arrangement can be used to excite circular polarization.
- the apertures are in the form of squares with rounded corners.
- the same principles would apply to apertures that were in the form of oblong rectangles with rounded corners.
- Such an antenna would have different frequency bands for the two linear polarizations.
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- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to antennas, and particularly to wide-bandwidth aperture antennas.
- Wide-bandwidth antennas are desirable for a number of reasons. Firstly, they enable economies of scale in manufacture, since if an antenna can be used over a wide range of frequencies it will be applicable in more situations, so fewer different antenna designs will be required. Also, in the field of base stations for mobile telephone services, different standards are introduced from time to time, such as the UMTS standard, and these newly introduced standards do not immediately replace the existing ones, such as GSM, but have to co-exist with them. This means that base stations need to be able to operate according to more than one standard at once, and thus to operate in the different frequency bands demanded by the different standards. One possibility would be to have separate antennas for the different frequency bands, but that would add to the costs of the base stations. It would be preferable to have antennas which had a sufficiently wide bandwidth to accommodate the frequency bands of different standards.
- According to the present invention there is provided an antenna including at least one conductive plate having a resonant aperture therein, said resonant aperture being in the form of a rectangle with rounded corners.
- The antenna preferably comprises first and second said conductive plates having said resonant apertures therein, said first and second plates being parallel and said apertures being aligned, at least one feed stub between said first and second plates and extending into the space between said apertures and a third conductive plate, parallel to and spaced apart from said first and second plates.
- Some embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the invention;
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic top view of the antenna of FIG. 1;
- FIGs 3 and 4 show schematic field distributions a known type of feed and the feed employed in the antenna of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the invention;
- FIG. 6 shows the results of some experimental measurements taken on the antenna of FIG. 5;
- FIG. 7 shows a top view, with the top plate removed, of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the invention; and
- FIG. 8 shows a top view, with the top plate removed, of an antenna according to an embodiment of the invention arranged to operate with circularly polarized radiation.
- FIG. 1 shows a side view of an antenna comprising a pair of apertured
conductive plates apertures plates feed stubs feed stubs apertures conductive plate 7 is parallel to and spaced apart from the apertured plates and acts as a reflector. - FIG. 2 shows a top view of the antenna of FIG. 1, from which the shape of the
aperture 3, which is identical toaperture 4, can be seen.Aperture 3 is in the form of a square with rounded corners. The boundary ofaperture 3 consists ofstraight segments circular arcs range 10% to 45%, more preferably in therange 20% to 40% and more preferably in therange 30% to 35%. In an embodiment to be described in more detail it is about 1/3. - We have found that such an aperture enables the antenna to have a wide bandwidth whilst, at the same time, providing good maintenance of polarization and good decoupling between the modes excited by the respective feed stubs.
- As is shown most clearly in FIG. 2, the
feed stubs straight segments feed stubs - The
conductive plates feed stubs - The
feed stubs feed stub 6, are thin conductive strips and, in contrast to feed stubs in conventional aperture antennas, have a vertical orientation. That is to say, there are oriented in planes which are perpendicular to the planes of theapertured plates apertured plates - FIGs 3 and 4 show electric field lines with, respectively, a conventional horizontally
oriented feed stub 35 betweenapertured plates feed stub 45 betweenapertured plates - FIG. 5 shows an experimental single antenna element which operates in a frequency range of 1700MHz to 3300MHz, including the bands used in GSM 1800, UMTS, Bluetooth and WLAN systems. The first and second apertured
plates third plate 57 are constructed from 0.5mm brass sheet metal and are held in their relative positions bybrass posts 510 at the corners. The spacing between the aperturedplates - The
apertures - The
feed stubs connectors plates - We tested the antenna of FIG. 5 by measuring the input reflection coefficient with a 50Ω network analyzer. This measurement result was then de-embedded by the length of the SMA connector and afterwards renormalized to 100Ω. The results are shown in FIG. 6. The renormalized reflection coefficient is below -10dB over the whole of the design frequency range. We also determined that the port decoupling was better than -11 dB over the whole bandwidth.
- FIG. 7 shows an antenna array with four elements. The topmost (first) apertured plate has been removed to enable the feed arrangement to be seen. The second
apertured plate 72 has fouridentical apertures apertures feed stubs feed stubs respective apertures feed stubs respective apertures feed stubs connector 78a. Similarly, thefeed stubs SMA co-axial connector 78b, thefeed stubs SMA co-axial connector 79a and thefeed stubs SMA co-axial connector 79b. The SMA co-axialconnectors - In the antenna array of FIG. 7 all the co-axial leads 715 and 716 are the same length, so there is no built-in phase difference between the signals provided to the four antenna elements. Also, each of the SMA co-axial connectors is connected to two feed stubs arranged to excite parallel linear polarizations. For example,
SMA connector 78a is connected to feedstubs SMA connector 79a is connected to feedstubs feed stubs - FIG. 8 shows an alternative arrangement, in which a
single SMA connector 88 is connected to feedstubs single aperture 84. Furthermore, the feed stubs 85 and 86 are connected viaco-axial leads SMA connector 88 will excite both polarizations, with a phase difference between them, due to the difference in length between theleads - The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
- For example, in the embodiments described, the apertures are in the form of squares with rounded corners. The same principles would apply to apertures that were in the form of oblong rectangles with rounded corners. Such an antenna would have different frequency bands for the two linear polarizations.
Claims (10)
- An antenna including at least one conductive plate having a resonant aperture therein, said resonant aperture being in the form of a rectangle with rounded corners.
- The antenna of claim 1 comprising:first and second said conductive plates having said resonant apertures therein, said first and second plates being parallel and said apertures being aligned;at least one feed stub between said first and second plates and extending into the space between said apertures; anda third conductive plate, parallel to and spaced apart from said first and second plates.
- The antenna of claim 2 wherein said apertures are square with rounded corners.
- The antenna of claim 3 wherein each of said apertures has a boundary consisting of four straight segments of length s, forming parts of respective sides of a square of side a, joined by 90° circular arcs of radius r.
- The antenna of claim 4 wherein the ratio of r to a is about one third.
- The antenna of claim 2 wherein the or each said feed stub is a thin conductive strip oriented in a plane which is perpendicular to the planes of said first and second plates.
- The antenna of claim 4 wherein the or each said feed stub extends into the space between said apertures at a position which is at the center of a respective one of said straight segments and in a direction which is perpendicular to said one of said straight segments.
- The antenna of claim 7 having two said feed stubs at right angles to one another.
- The antenna of claim 8 for use with circularly polarized radiation, wherein said two feed stubs are connected to a common input/output port via leads of different lengths.
- An antenna array comprising the antenna of claim 2 wherein each of said first and second plates has a plurality of said apertures, each aperture in said first plate being aligned with a corresponding aperture in said second plate and each pair or corresponding apertures having a corresponding one or more feed stubs extending into the space between them.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE200460031016 DE602004031016D1 (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2004-09-29 | Antenna element with aperture |
EP20040255959 EP1643593B1 (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2004-09-29 | Aperture antenna element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20040255959 EP1643593B1 (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2004-09-29 | Aperture antenna element |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1643593A1 true EP1643593A1 (en) | 2006-04-05 |
EP1643593B1 EP1643593B1 (en) | 2011-01-12 |
Family
ID=34930705
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20040255959 Expired - Fee Related EP1643593B1 (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2004-09-29 | Aperture antenna element |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1643593B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602004031016D1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2016113520A1 (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2016-07-21 | Toshiba Research Europe Limited | Antenna |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0445453A1 (en) * | 1990-03-07 | 1991-09-11 | Stc Plc | Antenna |
US6456241B1 (en) * | 1997-03-25 | 2002-09-24 | Pates Technology | Wide band planar radiator |
-
2004
- 2004-09-29 DE DE200460031016 patent/DE602004031016D1/en active Active
- 2004-09-29 EP EP20040255959 patent/EP1643593B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0445453A1 (en) * | 1990-03-07 | 1991-09-11 | Stc Plc | Antenna |
US6456241B1 (en) * | 1997-03-25 | 2002-09-24 | Pates Technology | Wide band planar radiator |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
HAENG-LYUL LEE ET AL: "Broadband planar antenna having round corner rectangular wide slot", IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM. 2002 DIGEST. APS. SAN ANTONIO, TX, JUNE 16 - 21, 2002, NEW YORK, NY : IEEE, US, vol. VOL. 1 OF 4, 16 June 2002 (2002-06-16), pages 460 - 463, XP010591737, ISBN: 0-7803-7330-8 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2016113520A1 (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2016-07-21 | Toshiba Research Europe Limited | Antenna |
US10389034B2 (en) | 2015-01-16 | 2019-08-20 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Antenna |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE602004031016D1 (en) | 2011-02-24 |
EP1643593B1 (en) | 2011-01-12 |
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