EP1642182A1 - Expansion valve block with co-ordinated high- and low-pressure circuit control means - Google Patents

Expansion valve block with co-ordinated high- and low-pressure circuit control means

Info

Publication number
EP1642182A1
EP1642182A1 EP04767385A EP04767385A EP1642182A1 EP 1642182 A1 EP1642182 A1 EP 1642182A1 EP 04767385 A EP04767385 A EP 04767385A EP 04767385 A EP04767385 A EP 04767385A EP 1642182 A1 EP1642182 A1 EP 1642182A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
valve
circuit
control means
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04767385A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gilles Cannet
Clarisse L'heveder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP1642182A1 publication Critical patent/EP1642182A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D16/00—Control of fluid pressure
    • G05D16/04—Control of fluid pressure without auxiliary power
    • G05D16/10—Control of fluid pressure without auxiliary power the sensing element being a piston or plunger
    • G05D16/107—Control of fluid pressure without auxiliary power the sensing element being a piston or plunger with a spring-loaded piston in combination with a spring-loaded slideable obturator that move together over range of motion during normal operation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7781—With separate connected fluid reactor surface
    • Y10T137/7793—With opening bias [e.g., pressure regulator]
    • Y10T137/7808—Apertured reactor surface surrounds flow line
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/87917—Flow path with serial valves and/or closures

Definitions

  • Valve-regulator block with coordinated high and low pressure circuits.
  • the present invention relates to a valve-regulator block for controlling or adjusting the pressure or the flow rate of a fluid particularly suitable for delivering gases of precise composition.
  • Regulators are commonly used to bring a gas from its transport or storage pressure to its operating pressure. Controlling the impact of regulators on the chemical composition of the gases they deliver is important, as it is known that regulators can have an impact on the composition of the gases passing through them. This impact is harmful when using gases or mixtures of gases whose composition must be known with precision, or whose purity must be rigorously preserved, as for laboratory and analysis gases and the gases used in electronics. This can also have an impact on gases which can present a danger when they are mixed with other gases or with ambient air: it is necessary to control their delivery so as to avoid any dangerous mixture.
  • Regulators are complex devices, comprising a high pressure circuit and a low pressure circuit made up of chambers and conduits, regulating elements (valves, membranes, bellows or pistons), pressure gauges, safety means (valves, discs ...), ...
  • the known techniques for controlling the purity of the gas delivered are for example: - the choice of sealing techniques, of the materials used for the regulator body, of the seals, of the regulation devices ( elastomeric membranes or metal bellows), - control of the qualities of the surfaces, rinsing and passivation procedures, mounting conditions, - reduction of dead volumes, - type of cleaning.
  • specific gas delivery procedures purges, rinses by compression and detents, operating mode
  • a gas non-return device can be installed at the outlet of the regulator to avoid pollution of the low pressure circuit by undesirable inputs, but this solution introduces a pressure drop in the delivery circuit and the sealing solutions used in such devices are not a guarantee against micro-gases (10 7 mbar.l / s).
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a regulator allowing the delivery of a gas without altering the composition of this gas. Another object of the present invention is to provide a regulator allowing the delivery of a gas without altering the composition of this gas even when the regulator is closed or opened. Another object of the present invention is to provide a regulator allowing the delivery of a gas without altering the composition of this gas and the use of which does not allow handling error.
  • the invention consists in providing the regulator with coordinated isolation means of the high pressure circuit and of the low pressure circuit so that at the opening of the delivery of the gas, as at the closing, the two circuits are systematically ordered according to the sequence which guarantees the best immunity to the installation.
  • the invention therefore relates first of all to a pressure-reducing valve making it possible to control or adjust the pressure or the flow rate of a fluid
  • a pressure-reducing valve making it possible to control or adjust the pressure or the flow rate of a fluid
  • a main body within which at least one internal fluid passage is arranged between at least a fluid inlet orifice and at least one fluid outlet orifice, - at least one means for controlling the pressure of the fluid arranged on at least part of said internal fluid passage, the internal fluid passage between said means pressure control and the fluid inlet orifice forming an upstream circuit and the internal fluid passage between said pressure control means and the fluid outlet orifice forming a downstream circuit, - at least a first means controlling the flow rate of the fluid arranged on at least part of the downstream circuit, - at least a second means for controlling the flow of the fluid arranged on at least part of the upstream circuit, - at least one means for controlling the circulation of a fluid in the passage, and in which the control means cooperates with the first and second means for controlling
  • the flow control means allow the opening and closing of the internal passage, either on the upstream circuit or on the downstream circuit.
  • the second means of controlling the flow rate of the fluid arranged on at least part of the upstream circuit is preferably a valve with axial displacement.
  • This type of flow control means allows, depending on its displacement, to plug or to free the section of the internal passage of the fluid in the upstream circuit.
  • the first means of controlling the flow rate of the fluid arranged on at least part of the downstream circuit is a cylinder in which a conduit is drilled right through, said cylinder being placed in a bore in the body of the valve-regulator block. .
  • the cylinder allows according to its axial orientation:
  • one of the bases of the cylinder is the valve with axial displacement of the second means for controlling the fluid arranged on at least part of the upstream circuit.
  • the first and the second fluid flow control means are combined within the cylinder:
  • the first means corresponding to the part of the cylinder drilled radially right through a conduit
  • the means for controlling the circulation of a fluid in the internal passage of the main body may be a screw cooperating with the cylinder / cylinder and the valve, of so that its rotation simultaneously allows the axial translation of the valve and the axial rotation of the cylinder.
  • the surface of the cylinder / cylinder may be covered with a material ensuring the seal between the plug / cylinder and the main body of the valve-regulator block.
  • the base of the cylinder can be hollowed out on its peripheral crown and a seal can be placed in this crown.
  • the pressure control means may comprise at least one valve and / or at least one spring or the pressure control means may comprise an expansion screw or a cam acting on at least one valve.
  • the block may include a movable lever operable by the operator between at least one opening of the fluid flow and at least one position for closing the fluid flow, said lever acting on the control means.
  • the invention also relates to a container of pressurized fluid, in particular a gas cylinder, equipped with a valve-regulator block as defined above.
  • the invention also relates to a method for delivering a fluid into a valve-regulator block, said valve-regulator block comprising an upstream circuit and a downstream circuit in which the pressure is lower than the pressure in the upstream circuit, for which, when the operator controls the delivery of the fluid, the opening of the upstream circuit takes place before the opening of the downstream circuit.
  • the invention finally relates to a method for stopping the delivery of a fluid in a valve-regulator block, said valve-regulator block comprising an upstream circuit and a downstream circuit in which the pressure is lower than the pressure in the upstream circuit. , for which, when the operator controls the stopping of the delivery of the fluid, the closing of the downstream circuit takes place before the closing of the upstream circuit.
  • the solution of the invention is to propose a pressure reducing valve whose operation is explained below in relation to the appended figures, for which: FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the pressure reducing valve block according to the invention, - Figure 2 is a partial sectional view of the regulator valve block according to the invention.
  • the pressure-reducing valve comprises a main body 1 within which at least one internal passage 2 is arranged.
  • This passage 2 has an inlet orifice 3, which generally cooperates with the side of the container on which the valve-regulator block is fixed, and an outlet orifice 4, which generally cooperates with a gas distribution means.
  • the pressure regulator includes a means of controlling the pressure 5 of the fluid flowing in the internal passage 2.
  • the upstream circuit 2a located between this pressure control means 5 and the inlet orifice 3
  • the fluid has a high pressure.
  • the downstream circuit 2b located between this pressure control means 5 and the outlet orifice 4 the fluid has a lower pressure than upstream, the pressure control means 5 allowing a reduction in the pressure of the fluid coming from the orifice 3.
  • the pressure control means here is an expansion valve 5 set in motion by a screw 6. Behind the expansion valve is the high pressure chamber 17 of the pressure reducer, which opens onto the low pressure chamber 18 of the regulator.
  • the valve 5 rests on a gasket 19 so that the assembly of the valve 5 and the gasket 19 seals between the high pressure chamber 17 and the low pressure chamber 18 of the regulator.
  • the downstream end of the valve 5 rests on a membrane 20, itself pushed by a plate 21 under the effect of a spring 22 compressed by the screw 6.
  • the assembly of the spring 22 and of the plate 21 pushes the valve 5: the latter then moves away from the lining 19 and lets the gas pass from the high pressure chamber 17 to the low pressure chamber 18; thus the pressure rises in the chamber 18.
  • the membrane 20 pushes the plunger 21 and the valve 5 returns to contact with the lining 19 so as to close the passage of the gas.
  • the screw 6 is adjusted so as to fix the set value and therefore the desired pressure for the gas delivered, the control being able to be carried out by reading the pressure on the pressure gauge 15 of the downstream circuit 2b.
  • a filter 7 can be placed in contact with the expansion valve 5.
  • the cylinder 8 combines the functions of controlling the flow rate of the fluid circulating in the upstream circuit 2a and in the downstream circuit 2b. It is in fact drilled radially right through a pipe 9 so that when one of the ends of this pipe 9 is in communication with the upstream circuit 2b then the other end of this pipe is in communication with the outlet orifice 4. In addition, this cylinder 8 can undergo translation along its axis so that its end 10 located on the side of the upstream circuit 2a can close or not this upstream circuit.
  • the control means of the plug is a screw 11 which allows: - by its rotation to position the duct 9 so as to ensure or not the communication of the orifice 4 and the circuit 2b, - by its translation to close or open the circuit upstream 2a.
  • the thread must be fixed so that, when the operator begins to control the delivery of the fluid in the passage 2, he unscrews the screw 11 so that: - initially, the translation of the screw moves the cylinder 8 axially enough to allow the base 10 of the cylinder 8 to move and allow the passage of the fluid in the circuit 2a towards the expansion valve 6, without simultaneously the rotation of the screw makes the cylinder d 'an angle sufficient to allow the communication of the orifice 4 with the circuit 2b, - in a second step, the translation of the screw continues to move the cylinder 8 axially to continue to allow the passage of the fluid in the circuit 2a towards the expansion valve 6, and simultaneously the rotation of the screw makes it possible to rotate the cylinder by an angle sufficient to allow communication of the orifice 4 with the circuit 2b.
  • the gas to be delivered circulates in the upstream circuit 2a and in the downstream circuit 2b up to the level of the cylinder 8, then in a second stage, the gas can circulate in the conduit 9 of the cylinder 8 and be delivered outside the regulator valve.
  • the operator begins to control the closing of the delivery of the fluid in the passage 2, he screws the screw 11 so that: - at first, the rotation of the screw causes the cylinder to rotate a sufficient angle to no longer allow the communication of the orifice 4 with the circuit 2b, without simultaneously, the translation of the screw displaces the base 10 of the cylinder 8 sufficiently axially to block the passage of the fluid in the circuit 2a towards the valve trigger 6, - in a second step, the rotation of the screw continues to rotate the cylinder without allowing communication of the orifice 4 with the circuit 2b, and simultaneously the translation of the screw 11 continues to move the base 10 axially from the cylinder 8 until the fluid passage in the circuit 2a can be closed off towards the expansion valve 6.
  • a lining 12 is placed in the downstream circuit 2a so as to cooperate with the base 10 of the cylinder 8 when this ba the upstream circuit 2a closes.
  • a seal 13 is placed in the peripheral ring hollowed out in the base 10 of the cylinder 8.
  • the screw 11 cooperates with the cylinder 8 using an O-ring 14 which makes it possible to integrate the screw into the pressure-reducing valve ; however, it is also possible to directly screw the screw into block 1 of the pressure reducing valve.
  • a sealing ring 15 is placed around the cylinder 8 between the body 1 of the block and the O-ring 14. Two manometers 15 make it possible to control the pressure within the upstream and downstream circuits 2a, 2b.
  • a safety (or discharge) valve 16 is provided in the event that the pressure within the internal passage 2 reaches a threshold that is too high. It can consist for example of a ball pressed against a seat by a spring. The ball bears on the seat in a contact circle. The ball is subjected to the actions of the spring which tends to press it against the seat and of the gas which tends to take it off. When the pressure exerted on the section of the contact circle produces a force greater than the force of the spring, the gas escapes. Alternatively, a metal membrane can be used which tears under the effect of pressure.
  • the device has the advantage of proposing a double closure: both the upstream circuit and the downstream circuit are closed.
  • the upstream valve of the device is opened before the valve swallows, which makes it possible to pressurize the high and low pressure circuits of the regulator before the latter delivers the gas to the circuit. use.
  • the downstream circuit is isolated first to prevent any entry of pollution, then the upstream circuit is closed to interrupt the supply and prevent the risk of pressure build-up in the low pressure circuit in the event of the pressure relief valve leaking.
  • This implementation allows balancing of the circuits of the valve-regulator block and avoids any pollution of said circuits. Thanks to the implementation of the device according to the invention, the ambient air or the gas present in the distribution circuit downstream of the regulator does not rise up in the circuits of the valve-regulator block.
  • the invention has the advantage of allowing the high and low pressure circuits of the valve-regulator unit to be closed in a single manipulation. Thanks to the invention, it is no longer necessary to purge the regulator circuits using the gas present in the bottle between two uses; this gas is not wasted. The invention makes it possible to avoid micro-inputs of ambient gas into the pressure-reducing valve.
  • the invention relates to a process for predicting the development of the composition of a gas or a gaseous mixture contained in a container, in which the following steps are repeated: 1 - the technical characteristics of the container are established, 2 - the container is filled with said gas or gas mixture and a prediction of the evolution of the composition of the gas or gas mixture is established from the technical characteristics of the container, 3 - part of the gas or gas mixture contained in the container is used container, 4 - the gas or gas mixture contained in the container which has not been used is analyzed, 5 - the analysis of the gas or gas mixture contained in the container which has not been used is compared with the prediction of the evolution of the composition established in step 2, 6 - the comparison of step 4 is used to establish a new prediction of the evolution of the composition of the gas or gas mixture for step 2.
  • the technical characteristics of the container include the nature of the container, the nature and the method of treatment of its internal surface.
  • the prediction of the evolution of the composition of the gas or gas mixture used during step 2 is established initially by introduction of the gas or gas mixture into the container, then analysis of the composition delivered by the container and measurement of the deviation from the initial composition as a function of time. All the data relating to a container are stored in a database on the basis of which the prediction of the evolution of the composition of the gas or gas mixture can be refined with each new use of the container.
  • step 4 in the event of a significant difference between the analysis of the gas or gaseous mixture contained in the container which has not been used and the prediction of the evolution of the composition established in step 2, use of the container can be stopped and the user who has used the last time can be informed of the drift of the composition of the gas or gaseous mixture with respect to the prediction of step 2.
  • step 3 the operator uses the gas or gaseous mixture contained in the container, taking into account the prediction of the evolution of the composition established during step 2.
  • This procedure for predicting the evolution of the composition of a gaseous mixture contained in a container is particularly advantageous for the gaseous mixtures used for calibrating an analyzer or for gaseous mixtures whose use requires knowing their exact composition, which this is the case, for example, with applications for inerting the packaging of sensitive products, the manufacture of electronic components, the filling of fluorescent tubes, the supply of cavities to gas lasers, the verification of the operation of sensors or detectors ( explosives alarm level for example).

Abstract

The invention relates to an expansion valve block which is equipped with co-ordinated means (8) for isolating the high-pressure circuit (3) and the low-pressure circuit (4) such that, when the gas delivery inlet is opened and closed, the two circuits are automatically controlled using the sequence that best guarantees the immunity of the installation.

Description

Bloc robinet-détendeur à commandes de circuits haute et basse pression coordonnées. Valve-regulator block with coordinated high and low pressure circuits.
La présente invention concerne un bloc robinet-détendeur permettant de contrôler ou d'ajuster la pression ou le débit d'un fluide particulièrement adapté à la délivrance de gaz de composition précise. Les détendeurs sont couramment utilisés pour amener un gaz de sa pression de transport ou stockage à sa pression d'utilisation. La maîtrise de l'impact des détendeurs sur la composition chimique des gaz qu'ils délivrent est importante, car il est connu que les détendeurs peuvent avoir un impact sur la composition des gaz qui les traversent. Cet impact est néfaste lorsque l'on met en œuvre des gaz ou des mélanges de gaz dont la composition doit être connue avec précision, ou dont la pureté doit être rigoureusement préservée, comme pour les gaz de laboratoires et d'analyse et les gaz utilisés en électronique. Cela peut également avoir un impact pour des gaz pouvant présenter un danger lorsqu'ils sont mélangés avec d'autres gaz ou avec l'air ambiant : il est nécessaire de contrôler leur délivrance de manière à éviter tout mélange dangereux. C'est le cas, par exemple, des gaz combustibles comme l'hydrogène ou l'acétylène qui peuvent former des mélanges explosifs avec l'air ambiant. La pollution du gaz délivré intervient généralement lors de l'interruption de la délivrance du gaz par le détendeur : le circuit amont haute pression du détendeur est fermé, le circuit aval basse pression cesse d'être alimenté et l'air ambiant ou d'autres substances peuvent remonter dans le circuit basse pression et dans les accessoires de mesure et de sécurité. Les détendeurs sont des appareils complexes, comprenant un circuit haute pression et un circuit basse pression constitués de chambres et de conduits, d'organes de régulation (clapets, membranes, soufflets ou pistons), de manomètres, de moyens de sécurité (soupapes, disques de rupture, ..),... Les techniques connues pour maîtriser la pureté du gaz délivré sont par exemple : - le choix des techniques d'étanchéité, des matériaux utilisés pour le corps du détendeur, des joints, des dispositifs de régulation (membranes élastomères ou soufflets métalliques), - le contrôle des qualités des surfaces, des procédures de rinçage et de passivation, des conditions de montage, - la réduction des volumes morts, - le type de nettoyage. Pour éviter les risques de pollution, on peut également mettre en œuvre des procédures de délivrance des gaz particulières (purges, rinçages par compression et détentes, mode opératoire), mais celles-ci sont souvent longues et fastidieuses et des erreurs de manipulation sont possibles. On peut enfin installer un dispositif anti-retour de gaz à la sortie du détendeur pour éviter une pollution du circuit basse pression par des entrées indésirables mais cette solution introduit une perte de charge dans le circuit de délivrance et les solutions d'étanchéité utilisées dans de tels dispositifs ne sont pas une garantie contre les microentrées de gaz (107 mbar.l/s). Un but de la présente invention est de proposer un détendeur permettant la délivrance d'un gaz sans altération de la composition de ce gaz. Un autre but de la présente invention est de proposer un détendeur permettant la délivrance d'un gaz sans altération de la composition de ce gaz même au moment de la fermeture ou de l'ouverture du détendeur. Un autre but de la présente invention est de proposer un détendeur permettant la délivrance d'un gaz sans altération de la composition de ce gaz et dont l'utilisation n'autorise pas d'erreur de manipulation. Dans ces buts, l'invention consiste à doter le détendeur de moyens d'isolation coordonnés du circuit haute pression et du circuit basse pression pour qu'à l'ouverture de la délivrance du gaz, comme à la fermeture, les deux circuits soient systématiquement commandés selon la séquence qui garantit la meilleure immunité à l'installation. L'invention concerne donc tout d'abord un robinet-détendeur permettant de contrôler ou d'ajuster la pression ou le débit d'un fluide comprenant : - un corps principal au sein duquel est aménagé au moins un passage interne de fluide entre au moins un orifice d'entrée de fluide et au moins un orifice de sortie de fluide, - au moins un moyen de contrôle de la pression du fluide agencé sur au moins une partie dudit passage interne de fluide, le passage interne de fluide entre ledit moyen de contrôle de la pression et l'orifice d'entrée de fluide formant un circuit amont et le passage interne de fluide entre ledit moyen de contrôle de la pression et l'orifice de sortie de fluide formant un circuit aval, - au moins un premier moyen de contrôle du débit du fluide agencé sur au moins une partie du circuit aval, - au moins un deuxième moyen de contrôle du débit du fluide agencé sur au moins une partie du circuit amont, - au moins un moyen de commande de la circulation d'un fluide dans le passage, et dans lequel le moyen de commande coopère avec les premier et deuxième moyens de contrôle du débit de fluide de manière à ce que, lorsque l'opérateur commande la délivrance d'un fluide dans le passage, l'ouverture du circuit amont par le deuxième moyen de contrôle a lieu avant l'ouverture du circuit aval par le premier moyen de contrôle et, lorsque l'opérateur commande l'arrêt de la délivrance d'un fluide dans le passage, la fermeture du circuit aval par le premier moyen de contrôle a lieu avant la fermeture du circuit amont par le deuxième moyen de contrôle. Les moyens de contrôle du débit permettent l'ouverture et la fermeture du passage interne, soit sur la circuit amont, soit sur le circuit aval. Le deuxième moyen de contrôle du débit du fluide agencé sur au moins une partie du circuit amont est de préférence un clapet à déplacement axial. Ce type de moyen de contrôle du débit permet selon son déplacement de boucher ou de libérer la section du passage interne du fluide dans le circuit amont. De préférence, le premier moyen de contrôle du débit du fluide agencé sur au moins une partie du circuit aval est un cylindre dans lequel est percé radialement de part en part un conduit, ledit cylindre étant placé dans un alésage du corps du bloc robinet-détendeur. Le cylindre permet selon son orientation axiale :The present invention relates to a valve-regulator block for controlling or adjusting the pressure or the flow rate of a fluid particularly suitable for delivering gases of precise composition. Regulators are commonly used to bring a gas from its transport or storage pressure to its operating pressure. Controlling the impact of regulators on the chemical composition of the gases they deliver is important, as it is known that regulators can have an impact on the composition of the gases passing through them. This impact is harmful when using gases or mixtures of gases whose composition must be known with precision, or whose purity must be rigorously preserved, as for laboratory and analysis gases and the gases used in electronics. This can also have an impact on gases which can present a danger when they are mixed with other gases or with ambient air: it is necessary to control their delivery so as to avoid any dangerous mixture. This is the case, for example, with combustible gases such as hydrogen or acetylene which can form explosive mixtures with ambient air. Pollution of the gas delivered generally occurs during the interruption of gas delivery by the regulator: the high pressure upstream circuit of the regulator is closed, the low pressure downstream circuit ceases to be supplied and the ambient air or other substances can rise in the low pressure circuit and in the measurement and safety accessories. Regulators are complex devices, comprising a high pressure circuit and a low pressure circuit made up of chambers and conduits, regulating elements (valves, membranes, bellows or pistons), pressure gauges, safety means (valves, discs ...), ... The known techniques for controlling the purity of the gas delivered are for example: - the choice of sealing techniques, of the materials used for the regulator body, of the seals, of the regulation devices ( elastomeric membranes or metal bellows), - control of the qualities of the surfaces, rinsing and passivation procedures, mounting conditions, - reduction of dead volumes, - type of cleaning. To avoid the risks of pollution, it is also possible to implement specific gas delivery procedures (purges, rinses by compression and detents, operating mode), but these are often long and tedious and handling errors are possible. Finally, a gas non-return device can be installed at the outlet of the regulator to avoid pollution of the low pressure circuit by undesirable inputs, but this solution introduces a pressure drop in the delivery circuit and the sealing solutions used in such devices are not a guarantee against micro-gases (10 7 mbar.l / s). An object of the present invention is to provide a regulator allowing the delivery of a gas without altering the composition of this gas. Another object of the present invention is to provide a regulator allowing the delivery of a gas without altering the composition of this gas even when the regulator is closed or opened. Another object of the present invention is to provide a regulator allowing the delivery of a gas without altering the composition of this gas and the use of which does not allow handling error. For these purposes, the invention consists in providing the regulator with coordinated isolation means of the high pressure circuit and of the low pressure circuit so that at the opening of the delivery of the gas, as at the closing, the two circuits are systematically ordered according to the sequence which guarantees the best immunity to the installation. The invention therefore relates first of all to a pressure-reducing valve making it possible to control or adjust the pressure or the flow rate of a fluid comprising: - a main body within which at least one internal fluid passage is arranged between at least a fluid inlet orifice and at least one fluid outlet orifice, - at least one means for controlling the pressure of the fluid arranged on at least part of said internal fluid passage, the internal fluid passage between said means pressure control and the fluid inlet orifice forming an upstream circuit and the internal fluid passage between said pressure control means and the fluid outlet orifice forming a downstream circuit, - at least a first means controlling the flow rate of the fluid arranged on at least part of the downstream circuit, - at least a second means for controlling the flow of the fluid arranged on at least part of the upstream circuit, - at least one means for controlling the circulation of a fluid in the passage, and in which the control means cooperates with the first and second means for controlling the flow of fluid so that, when the operator controls the delivery of a fluid in the passage, the opening of the upstream circuit by the second control means takes place before the opening of the downstream circuit by the first control means and, when the operator controls the stopping of the delivery of a fluid in the passage, the closing of the downstream circuit by the first control means takes place before the closing of the upstream circuit by the second means of control. The flow control means allow the opening and closing of the internal passage, either on the upstream circuit or on the downstream circuit. The second means of controlling the flow rate of the fluid arranged on at least part of the upstream circuit is preferably a valve with axial displacement. This type of flow control means allows, depending on its displacement, to plug or to free the section of the internal passage of the fluid in the upstream circuit. Preferably, the first means of controlling the flow rate of the fluid arranged on at least part of the downstream circuit is a cylinder in which a conduit is drilled right through, said cylinder being placed in a bore in the body of the valve-regulator block. . The cylinder allows according to its axial orientation:
- soit de mettre en communication le circuit aval et l'orifice de sortie de fluide lorsqu'une extrémité du conduit coopère avec le circuit aval et l'autre extrémité du conduit coopère avec l'orifice de sortie du bloc robinet-détendeur, - soit de fermer la communication du circuit aval vers l'orifice de sortie du bloc robinet- détendeur. Selon le mode préféré de l'invention, une des bases du cylindre est le clapet à déplacement axial du deuxième moyen de contrôle du fluide agencé sur au moins une partie du circuit amont. Dans ce mode préféré, le premier et le deuxième moyens de contrôle de débit de fluide sont réunis au sein du cylindre :- either to put the downstream circuit and the fluid outlet orifice in communication when one end of the conduit cooperates with the downstream circuit and the other end of the conduit cooperates with the outlet orifice of the valve-regulator block, - either to close the communication from the downstream circuit to the outlet port of the valve regulator. According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, one of the bases of the cylinder is the valve with axial displacement of the second means for controlling the fluid arranged on at least part of the upstream circuit. In this preferred mode, the first and the second fluid flow control means are combined within the cylinder:
- le premier moyen correspondant à la partie du cylindre percé radialement de part en part d'un conduit ,the first means corresponding to the part of the cylinder drilled radially right through a conduit,
- le deuxième moyen correspondant à la base du cylindre. Le moyen de commande de la circulation d'un fluide dans le passage interne du corps principal peut être une vis coopérant avec le cylindre/cylindre et le clapet, de manière à ce que sa rotation permette simultanément la translation axiale du clapet et la rotation axiale du cylindre. La surface du cylindre/cylindre peut être recouverte d'une matière assurant l'étanchéité entre le boisseau/cylindre et le corps principal du bloc robinet-détendeur. La base du cylindre peut être évidée sur sa couronne périphérique et un joint d'étanchéité peut être placé dans cette couronne. Le moyen de contrôle de la pression peut comprendre au moins un clapet et/ou au moins un ressort ou le moyen de contrôle de la pression peut comprendre une vis de détente ou une came agissant sur au moins un clapet. Le bloc peut comprendre un levier mobile et actionnable par l'opérateur entre au moins une ouverture du débit de fluide et au moins une position de fermeture du débit de fluide, ledit levier agissant sur le moyen de commande. L'invention concerne également un récipient de fluide sous pression, en particulier une bouteille de gaz, équipée d'un bloc robinet-détendeur tel que défini précédemment. L'invention concerne également un procédé de délivrance d'un fluide dans un bloc robinet-détendeur, ledit bloc robinet-détendeur comprenant un circuit amont et un circuit aval dans lequel la pression est inférieure à la pression dans le circuit amont, pour lequel, lorsque l'opérateur commande la délivrance du fluide, l'ouverture du circuit amont a lieu avant l'ouverture du circuit aval. L'invention concerne enfin un procédé d'arrêt de la délivrance d'un fluide dans un bloc robinet-détendeur, ledit bloc robinet-détendeur comprenant un circuit amont et un circuit aval dans lequel la pression est inférieure à la pression dans le circuit amont, pour lequel, lorsque l'opérateur commande l'arrêt de la délivrance du fluide, la fermeture du circuit aval a lieu avant la fermeture du circuit amont. Pratiquement, la solution de l'invention est de proposer un robinet détendeur dont le fonctionnement est expliqué ci-après en relation avec les figures annexées, pour lesquelles : - la figure 1 est une vue en coupe du bloc robinet détendeur selon l'invention, - la figure 2 est une vue en coupe partielle du bloc robinet détendeur selon l'invention. Le robinet-détendeur comprend un corps principal 1 au sein duquel est aménagé au moins un passage interne 2. Ce passage 2 présent un orifice d'entrée 3, qui coopère généralement avec le côté du récipient sur lequel le bloc robinet- détendeur est fixé, et un orifice de sortie 4, qui coopère généralement avec un moyen de distribution de gaz. Le robinet-détendeur comprend un moyen de contrôle de la pression 5 du fluide circulant dans le passage interne 2. Dans le circuit amont 2a situé entre ce moyen de contrôle de la pression 5 et l'orifice d'entrée 3, le fluide présente une pression élevée. Dans le circuit aval 2b situé entre ce moyen de contrôle de la pression 5 et l'orifice de sortie 4, le fluide présente une pression plus faible qu'en amont, le moyen de contrôle de la pression 5 permettant un abaissement de la pression du fluide provenant de l'orifice 3. Le moyen de contrôle de la pression est ici un clapet de détente 5 mis en mouvement par une vis 6. En arrière du clapet de détente se trouve la chambre haute pression 17 du détendeur, qui débouche sur la chambre basse pression 18 du détendeur. Le clapet 5 repose sur une garniture 19 de manière à ce que l'ensemble du clapet 5 et de la garniture 19 assure l'étanchéité entre la chambre haute pression 17 et la chambre basse pression 18 du détendeur. L'extrémité avale du clapet 5 repose sur une membrane 20, elle-même poussée par un plateau 21 sous l'effet d'un ressort 22 comprimé par la vis 6. Lorsque la pression du gaz dans la chambre basse pression 18 est en-dessous de la valeur de consigne, l'ensemble du ressort 22 et du plateau 21 repousse le clapet 5 : ce dernier s'écarte alors de la garniture 19 et laisse passer le gaz de la chambre haute pression 17 vers la chambre basse pression 18 ; ainsi la pression remonte dans la chambre 18. Dès que la pression dans la chambre basse pression 18 atteint la valeur de consigne, la membrane 20 repousse le poussoir 21 et la clapet 5 revient au contact de la garniture 19 de manière à fermer le passage du gaz. La vis 6 est ajustée de manière à fixer la valeur de consigne et donc la pression souhaitée pour le gaz délivré, le contrôle pouvant être réalisé à la lecture de la pression sur le manomètre 15 du circuit aval 2b. Un filtre 7 peut être placé au contact du clapet de détente 5. Le cylindre 8 cumule les fonctions de contrôle du débit du fluide circulant dans le circuit amont 2a et dans le circuit aval 2b. Il est en effet percé radialement de part en part d'un conduit 9 de manière à ce que lorsque l'une des extrémités de ce conduit 9 est en communication avec le circuit amont 2b alors l'autre extrémité de ce conduit est en communication avec l'orifice de sortie 4. De plus, ce cylindre 8 peut subir une translation le long de son axe de manière à ce que son extrémité 10 située du côté du circuit amont 2a puisse fermer ou non ce circuit amont. Le moyen de commande du boisseau est une vis 11 qui permet : - par sa rotation de positionner le conduit 9 de manière à assurer ou non la communication de l'orifice 4 et du circuit 2b, - par sa translation de fermer ou ouvrir le circuit amont 2a. Le pas de vis doit être fixé de manière à ce que, lorsque l'opérateur commence à commander la délivrance du fluide dans le passage 2, il dévisse la vis 11 de manière à ce que : - dans un premier temps, la translation de la vis déplace axialement le cylindre 8 suffisamment pour permettre à la base 10 du cylindre 8 de se déplacer et de permettre le passage du fluide dans le circuit 2a vers le clapet de détente 6, sans que simultanément la rotation de la vis fasse tourner le cylindre d'un angle suffisant pour permettre la communication de l'orifice 4 avec le circuit 2b, - dans un deuxième temps, la translation de la vis continue à déplacer axialement le cylindre 8 pour continuer de permettre le passage du fluide dans le circuit 2a vers le clapet de détente 6, et simultanément la rotation de la vis permet de faire tourner le cylindre d'un angle suffisant pour permettre la communication de l'orifice 4 avec le circuit 2b. Par conséquent, dans un premier temps, le gaz à délivrer circule dans le circuit amont 2a et dans le circuit aval 2b jusqu'au niveau du cylindre 8, puis dans un deuxième temps, le gaz peut circuler dans le conduit 9 du cylindre 8 et être délivré à l'extérieur du robinet-détendeur. De même, lorsque l'opérateur commence à commander la fermeture de la délivrance du fluide dans le passage 2, il visse la vis 11 de manière à ce que : - dans un premier temps, la rotation de la vis fasse tourner le cylindre d'un angle suffisant pour ne plus permettre la communication de l'orifice 4 avec le circuit 2b, sans que simultanément, la translation de la vis déplace suffisamment axialement la base 10 du cylindre 8 pour bloquer le passage du fluide dans le circuit 2a vers le clapet de détente 6, - dans un deuxième temps, la rotation de la vis continue de faire tourner le cylindre sans permettre la communication de l'orifice 4 avec le circuit 2b, et simultanément la translation de la vis 11 continue à déplacer axialement la base 10 du cylindre 8 jusqu'à permettre l'obturation du passage du fluide dans le circuit 2a vers le clapet de détente 6. Une garniture 12 est placée dans le circuit aval 2a de manière à coopérer avec la base 10 du cylindre 8 lorsque cette base 10 ferme le circuit amont 2a. Un joint d'étanchéité 13 est placé dans la couronne périphérique évidée dans la base 10 du cylindre 8. La vis 11 coopère avec le cylindre 8 à l'aide d'un joint torique 14 qui permet d'intégrer la vis au robinet-détendeur ; toutefois, il est possible également de visser directement la vis dans le bloc 1 du robinet détendeur. Une bague d'étanchéité 15 est placée autour du cylindre 8 entre le corps 1 du bloc et le joint torique 14. Deux manomètres 15 permettent de contrôler la pression au sein des circuits amont et aval 2a, 2b. Une soupape de sécurité (ou de décharge) 16 est prévue au cas où la pression au sein du passage interne 2 atteindrait un seuil trop élevé. Elle peut être constituée par exemple d'une bille plaquée contre un siège par un ressort. La bille porte sur le siège selon un cercle de contact. La bille est soumise aux actions du ressort qui tend à la plaquer contre le siège et du gaz qui tend à la décoller. Lorsque la pression s'exerçant sur la section du cercle de contact produit un effort supérieur à la force du ressort, le gaz s'échappe. En variante, on peut utiliser une membrane métallique qui se déchire sous l'effet de la pression. Le dispositif présente l'avantage de proposer une double fermeture : on ferme à la fois le circuit amont et le circuit aval. Par mise en œuvre d'un dispositif tel que précédemment décrit, la vanne amont du dispositif est ouverte avant la vanne avale ce qui permet de mettre sous pression les circuits haute et basse pression du détendeur avant que ce dernier ne débite le gaz vers le circuit d'utilisation. A la fermeture, le circuit aval est isolé en premier pour interdire toute entrée de pollution, puis le circuit amont est fermé pour interrompre l'alimentation et prévenir le risque de montée en pression du circuit basse pression en cas de fuite du clapet de détente. Cette mise en œuvre permet un équilibrage des circuits du bloc robinet-détendeur et évite toute pollution desdits circuits. Grâce à la mise en œuvre du dispositif selon l'invention, l'air ambiant ou le gaz présent dans le circuit de distribution en aval du détendeur ne remonte pas dans les circuits du bloc robinet-détendeur. L'invention présente l'avantage de permettre la fermeture des circuits haute et basse pression du bloc robinet-détendeur en une seule manipulation. Grâce à l'invention, il n'est plus nécessaire de purger les circuits du détendeur à l'aide du gaz présent dans la bouteille entre deux utilisations ; ce gaz n'est pas gaspillé. L'invention permet d'éviter les microentrées de gaz ambiant dans le robinet- détendeur. L'invention concerne enfin un procédé de prédiction de l'évolution de la composition d'un gaz ou d'un mélange gazeux contenu dans un récipient, dans lequel on répète les étapes suivantes : 1 - on établit les caractéristiques techniques du récipient, 2 - on remplit le récipient dudit gaz ou mélange gazeux et on établit une prédiction de l'évolution de la composition du gaz ou mélange gazeux à partir des caractéristiques techniques du récipient, 3 - on utilise une partie du gaz ou mélange gazeux contenu dans le récipient, 4 - on analyse le gaz ou mélange gazeux contenu dans le récipient qui n'a pas été utilisé, 5 - on compare l'analyse du gaz ou mélange gazeux contenu dans le récipient qui n'a pas été utilisé à la prédiction de l'évolution de la composition établie en étape 2, 6 - la comparaison de l'étape 4 est utilisée pour établir une nouvelle prédiction de l'évolution de la composition du gaz ou mélange gazeux pour l'étape 2. Au cours de l'étape 1 , les caractéristiques techniques du récipient comprennent la nature du récipient, la nature et le procédé de traitement de sa surface interne. La prédiction de l'évolution de la composition du gaz ou mélange gazeux utilisé au cours de l'étape 2 est établie initialement par introduction du gaz ou mélange gazeux dans le récipient, puis analyse de la composition délivrée par le récipient et mesure de l'écart par rapport à la composition initiale en fonction du temps. Toutes les données relatives à un récipient sont stockées dans une base de données sur la base de laquelle la prédiction de l'évolution de la composition du gaz ou mélange gazeux peut être affinée à chaque nouvelle utilisation du récipient. Au cours de l'étape 4, en cas d'écart important entre l'analyse du gaz ou mélange gazeux contenu dans le récipient qui n'a pas été utilisé et de la prédiction de l'évolution de la composition établie en étape 2, l'utilisation du récipient peut être arrêtée et l'utilisateur qui l'a utilisé pour la dernière fois peut être informé de la dérive de la composition du gaz ou' mélange gazeux par rapport à la prédiction de l'étape 2. De manière avantageuse, au cours de l'étape 3, l'opérateur utilise le gaz ou mélange gazeux contenu dans le récipient en prenant en compte la prédiction de l'évolution de la composition établie au cours de l'étape 2. Cette procédure de prédiction de l'évolution de la composition d'un mélange gazeux contenu dans un récipient est particulièrement intéressante pour les mélanges gazeux utilisés pour le calibrage d'analyseur ou pour les mélanges gazeux dont l'utilisation nécessite de connaître leur composition exacte, ce qui est le cas par exemple des applications d'inertage des emballages de produits sensibles, de la fabrication des composants électroniques, du remplissage des tubes fluorescents, de l'alimentation des cavités de lasers à gaz, de la vérification du fonctionnement de capteurs ou détecteurs (niveau d'alarme d'explosimètres par exemple). - the second means corresponding to the base of the cylinder. The means for controlling the circulation of a fluid in the internal passage of the main body may be a screw cooperating with the cylinder / cylinder and the valve, of so that its rotation simultaneously allows the axial translation of the valve and the axial rotation of the cylinder. The surface of the cylinder / cylinder may be covered with a material ensuring the seal between the plug / cylinder and the main body of the valve-regulator block. The base of the cylinder can be hollowed out on its peripheral crown and a seal can be placed in this crown. The pressure control means may comprise at least one valve and / or at least one spring or the pressure control means may comprise an expansion screw or a cam acting on at least one valve. The block may include a movable lever operable by the operator between at least one opening of the fluid flow and at least one position for closing the fluid flow, said lever acting on the control means. The invention also relates to a container of pressurized fluid, in particular a gas cylinder, equipped with a valve-regulator block as defined above. The invention also relates to a method for delivering a fluid into a valve-regulator block, said valve-regulator block comprising an upstream circuit and a downstream circuit in which the pressure is lower than the pressure in the upstream circuit, for which, when the operator controls the delivery of the fluid, the opening of the upstream circuit takes place before the opening of the downstream circuit. The invention finally relates to a method for stopping the delivery of a fluid in a valve-regulator block, said valve-regulator block comprising an upstream circuit and a downstream circuit in which the pressure is lower than the pressure in the upstream circuit. , for which, when the operator controls the stopping of the delivery of the fluid, the closing of the downstream circuit takes place before the closing of the upstream circuit. In practice, the solution of the invention is to propose a pressure reducing valve whose operation is explained below in relation to the appended figures, for which: FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the pressure reducing valve block according to the invention, - Figure 2 is a partial sectional view of the regulator valve block according to the invention. The pressure-reducing valve comprises a main body 1 within which at least one internal passage 2 is arranged. This passage 2 has an inlet orifice 3, which generally cooperates with the side of the container on which the valve-regulator block is fixed, and an outlet orifice 4, which generally cooperates with a gas distribution means. The pressure regulator includes a means of controlling the pressure 5 of the fluid flowing in the internal passage 2. In the upstream circuit 2a located between this pressure control means 5 and the inlet orifice 3, the fluid has a high pressure. In the downstream circuit 2b located between this pressure control means 5 and the outlet orifice 4, the fluid has a lower pressure than upstream, the pressure control means 5 allowing a reduction in the pressure of the fluid coming from the orifice 3. The pressure control means here is an expansion valve 5 set in motion by a screw 6. Behind the expansion valve is the high pressure chamber 17 of the pressure reducer, which opens onto the low pressure chamber 18 of the regulator. The valve 5 rests on a gasket 19 so that the assembly of the valve 5 and the gasket 19 seals between the high pressure chamber 17 and the low pressure chamber 18 of the regulator. The downstream end of the valve 5 rests on a membrane 20, itself pushed by a plate 21 under the effect of a spring 22 compressed by the screw 6. When the gas pressure in the low pressure chamber 18 is below the set value, the assembly of the spring 22 and of the plate 21 pushes the valve 5: the latter then moves away from the lining 19 and lets the gas pass from the high pressure chamber 17 to the low pressure chamber 18; thus the pressure rises in the chamber 18. As soon as the pressure in the low pressure chamber 18 reaches the set value, the membrane 20 pushes the plunger 21 and the valve 5 returns to contact with the lining 19 so as to close the passage of the gas. The screw 6 is adjusted so as to fix the set value and therefore the desired pressure for the gas delivered, the control being able to be carried out by reading the pressure on the pressure gauge 15 of the downstream circuit 2b. A filter 7 can be placed in contact with the expansion valve 5. The cylinder 8 combines the functions of controlling the flow rate of the fluid circulating in the upstream circuit 2a and in the downstream circuit 2b. It is in fact drilled radially right through a pipe 9 so that when one of the ends of this pipe 9 is in communication with the upstream circuit 2b then the other end of this pipe is in communication with the outlet orifice 4. In addition, this cylinder 8 can undergo translation along its axis so that its end 10 located on the side of the upstream circuit 2a can close or not this upstream circuit. The control means of the plug is a screw 11 which allows: - by its rotation to position the duct 9 so as to ensure or not the communication of the orifice 4 and the circuit 2b, - by its translation to close or open the circuit upstream 2a. The thread must be fixed so that, when the operator begins to control the delivery of the fluid in the passage 2, he unscrews the screw 11 so that: - initially, the translation of the screw moves the cylinder 8 axially enough to allow the base 10 of the cylinder 8 to move and allow the passage of the fluid in the circuit 2a towards the expansion valve 6, without simultaneously the rotation of the screw makes the cylinder d 'an angle sufficient to allow the communication of the orifice 4 with the circuit 2b, - in a second step, the translation of the screw continues to move the cylinder 8 axially to continue to allow the passage of the fluid in the circuit 2a towards the expansion valve 6, and simultaneously the rotation of the screw makes it possible to rotate the cylinder by an angle sufficient to allow communication of the orifice 4 with the circuit 2b. Consequently, in a first stage, the gas to be delivered circulates in the upstream circuit 2a and in the downstream circuit 2b up to the level of the cylinder 8, then in a second stage, the gas can circulate in the conduit 9 of the cylinder 8 and be delivered outside the regulator valve. Similarly, when the operator begins to control the closing of the delivery of the fluid in the passage 2, he screws the screw 11 so that: - at first, the rotation of the screw causes the cylinder to rotate a sufficient angle to no longer allow the communication of the orifice 4 with the circuit 2b, without simultaneously, the translation of the screw displaces the base 10 of the cylinder 8 sufficiently axially to block the passage of the fluid in the circuit 2a towards the valve trigger 6, - in a second step, the rotation of the screw continues to rotate the cylinder without allowing communication of the orifice 4 with the circuit 2b, and simultaneously the translation of the screw 11 continues to move the base 10 axially from the cylinder 8 until the fluid passage in the circuit 2a can be closed off towards the expansion valve 6. A lining 12 is placed in the downstream circuit 2a so as to cooperate with the base 10 of the cylinder 8 when this ba the upstream circuit 2a closes. A seal 13 is placed in the peripheral ring hollowed out in the base 10 of the cylinder 8. The screw 11 cooperates with the cylinder 8 using an O-ring 14 which makes it possible to integrate the screw into the pressure-reducing valve ; however, it is also possible to directly screw the screw into block 1 of the pressure reducing valve. A sealing ring 15 is placed around the cylinder 8 between the body 1 of the block and the O-ring 14. Two manometers 15 make it possible to control the pressure within the upstream and downstream circuits 2a, 2b. A safety (or discharge) valve 16 is provided in the event that the pressure within the internal passage 2 reaches a threshold that is too high. It can consist for example of a ball pressed against a seat by a spring. The ball bears on the seat in a contact circle. The ball is subjected to the actions of the spring which tends to press it against the seat and of the gas which tends to take it off. When the pressure exerted on the section of the contact circle produces a force greater than the force of the spring, the gas escapes. Alternatively, a metal membrane can be used which tears under the effect of pressure. The device has the advantage of proposing a double closure: both the upstream circuit and the downstream circuit are closed. By using a device as described above, the upstream valve of the device is opened before the valve swallows, which makes it possible to pressurize the high and low pressure circuits of the regulator before the latter delivers the gas to the circuit. use. When closing, the downstream circuit is isolated first to prevent any entry of pollution, then the upstream circuit is closed to interrupt the supply and prevent the risk of pressure build-up in the low pressure circuit in the event of the pressure relief valve leaking. This implementation allows balancing of the circuits of the valve-regulator block and avoids any pollution of said circuits. Thanks to the implementation of the device according to the invention, the ambient air or the gas present in the distribution circuit downstream of the regulator does not rise up in the circuits of the valve-regulator block. The invention has the advantage of allowing the high and low pressure circuits of the valve-regulator unit to be closed in a single manipulation. Thanks to the invention, it is no longer necessary to purge the regulator circuits using the gas present in the bottle between two uses; this gas is not wasted. The invention makes it possible to avoid micro-inputs of ambient gas into the pressure-reducing valve. Finally, the invention relates to a process for predicting the development of the composition of a gas or a gaseous mixture contained in a container, in which the following steps are repeated: 1 - the technical characteristics of the container are established, 2 - the container is filled with said gas or gas mixture and a prediction of the evolution of the composition of the gas or gas mixture is established from the technical characteristics of the container, 3 - part of the gas or gas mixture contained in the container is used container, 4 - the gas or gas mixture contained in the container which has not been used is analyzed, 5 - the analysis of the gas or gas mixture contained in the container which has not been used is compared with the prediction of the evolution of the composition established in step 2, 6 - the comparison of step 4 is used to establish a new prediction of the evolution of the composition of the gas or gas mixture for step 2. During the step 1, the technical characteristics of the container include the nature of the container, the nature and the method of treatment of its internal surface. The prediction of the evolution of the composition of the gas or gas mixture used during step 2 is established initially by introduction of the gas or gas mixture into the container, then analysis of the composition delivered by the container and measurement of the deviation from the initial composition as a function of time. All the data relating to a container are stored in a database on the basis of which the prediction of the evolution of the composition of the gas or gas mixture can be refined with each new use of the container. During step 4, in the event of a significant difference between the analysis of the gas or gaseous mixture contained in the container which has not been used and the prediction of the evolution of the composition established in step 2, use of the container can be stopped and the user who has used the last time can be informed of the drift of the composition of the gas or gaseous mixture with respect to the prediction of step 2. advantageously , during step 3, the operator uses the gas or gaseous mixture contained in the container, taking into account the prediction of the evolution of the composition established during step 2. This procedure for predicting the evolution of the composition of a gaseous mixture contained in a container is particularly advantageous for the gaseous mixtures used for calibrating an analyzer or for gaseous mixtures whose use requires knowing their exact composition, which this is the case, for example, with applications for inerting the packaging of sensitive products, the manufacture of electronic components, the filling of fluorescent tubes, the supply of cavities to gas lasers, the verification of the operation of sensors or detectors ( explosives alarm level for example).

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Bloc robinet-détendeur permettant de contrôler ou d'ajuster la pression ou le débit d'un fluide comprenant :1. Valve-regulator block for controlling or adjusting the pressure or flow of a fluid comprising:
- un corps principal au sein duquel est aménagé au moins un passage interne de fluide entre au moins un orifice d'entrée de fluide et au moins un orifice de sortie de fluide, - au moins un moyen de contrôle de la pression du fluide agencé sur au moins une partie dudit passage interne de fluide, le passage interne de fluide entre ledit moyen de contrôle de la pression et l'orifice d'entrée de fluide formant un circuit amont et le passage interne de fluide entre ledit moyen de contrôle de la pression et l'orifice de sortie de fluide formant un circuit aval, - au moins un premier moyen de contrôle du débit du fluide agencé sur au moins une partie du circuit aval,- a main body within which is arranged at least one internal fluid passage between at least one fluid inlet orifice and at least one fluid outlet orifice, - at least one means for controlling the pressure of the fluid arranged on at least part of said internal fluid passage, the internal fluid passage between said pressure control means and the fluid inlet orifice forming an upstream circuit and the internal fluid passage between said pressure control means and the fluid outlet orifice forming a downstream circuit, - at least a first means for controlling the flow rate of the fluid arranged on at least part of the downstream circuit,
- au moins un deuxième moyen de contrôle du débit du fluide agencé sur au moins une partie du circuit amont,at least one second means for controlling the flow rate of the fluid arranged on at least part of the upstream circuit,
- au moins un moyen de commande de la circulation d'un fluide dans le passage, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de commande coopère avec les premier et deuxième moyens de contrôle du débit de fluide de manière à ce que, lorsque l'opérateur commande la délivrance d'un fluide dans le passage, l'ouverture du circuit amont par le deuxième moyen de contrôle a lieu avant l'ouverture du circuit aval par le premier moyen de contrôle et, lorsque l'opérateur commande l'arrêt de la délivrance d'un fluide dans le passage, la fermeture du circuit aval par le premier moyen de contrôle a lieu avant la fermeture du circuit amont par le deuxième moyen de contrôle.- At least one means for controlling the circulation of a fluid in the passage, characterized in that the control means cooperates with the first and second means for controlling the flow of fluid so that, when the operator controls the delivery of a fluid in the passage, the opening of the upstream circuit by the second control means takes place before the opening of the downstream circuit by the first control means and, when the operator orders the stopping of the delivery of a fluid in the passage, the closing of the downstream circuit by the first control means takes place before the closing of the upstream circuit by the second control means.
2. Bloc selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le deuxième moyen de contrôle du débit du fluide agencé sur au moins une partie du circuit amont est un clapet à déplacement axial.2. Block according to claim 1, characterized in that the second means for controlling the flow rate of the fluid arranged on at least part of the upstream circuit is a valve with axial displacement.
3. Bloc selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le premier moyen de contrôle du débit du fluide agencé sur au moins une partie du circuit aval est un cylindre dans lequel est percé radialement de part en part un conduit, ledit cylindre corps du bloc étant placé dans un "trou" du corps. 3. Block according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first means for controlling the flow rate of the fluid arranged on at least part of the downstream circuit is a cylinder in which a conduit is drilled right through, said body cylinder of the block being placed in a "hole" in the body.
4. Bloc selon les revendications 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une des bases du cylindre est le clapet à déplacement axial du deuxième moyen de contrôle du fluide agencé sur au moins une partie du circuit amont.4. Block according to claims 2 or 3, characterized in that one of the bases of the cylinder is the valve with axial displacement of the second means for controlling the fluid arranged on at least part of the upstream circuit.
5. Bloc selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de commande est une vis coopérant avec le cylindre/cylindre et le clapet, de manière à ce que sa rotation permette simultanément la translation axiale du clapet et la rotation axiale du cylindre.5. Block according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the control means is a screw cooperating with the cylinder / cylinder and the valve, so that its rotation simultaneously allows the axial translation of the valve and the axial rotation of the cylinder.
6. Bloc selon les revendications 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que la surface du cylindre est recouverte d'une matière assurant l'étanchéité entre le cylindre et le corps principal du bloc robinet-détendeur.6. Block according to claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the cylinder surface is covered with a material ensuring the seal between the cylinder and the main body of the valve-regulator block.
7. Bloc selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la base du cylindre est évidée sur sa couronne périphérique et en ce qu'un joint d'étanchéité est placé dans cette couronne.7. Block according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the base of the cylinder is hollowed out on its peripheral crown and in that a seal is placed in this crown.
8. Bloc selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de contrôle de la pression comprend au moins un clapet et/ou au moins un ressort.8. Block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure control means comprises at least one valve and / or at least one spring.
9. Bloc selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de contrôle de la pression comprend une vis de détente ou une came agissant sur au moins un clapet. 9. Block according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pressure control means comprises an expansion screw or a cam acting on at least one valve.
10. Bloc selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un levier mobile et actionnable par l'opérateur entre au moins une ouverture du débit de fluide et au moins une position de fermeture du débit de fluide, ledit levier agissant sur le moyen de commande. 10. Block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a movable lever which can be actuated by the operator between at least one opening of the fluid flow and at least one position for closing the fluid flow, said lever acting on the control means.
11. Récipient de fluide sous pression, en particulier une bouteille de gaz, équipée d'un bloc robinet-détendeur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10.11. Container of pressurized fluid, in particular a gas cylinder, equipped with a valve-regulator block according to one of claims 1 to 10.
12. Procédé de délivrance d'un fluide dans un bloc robinet-détendeur, ledit bloc robinet-détendeur comprenant un circuit amont et un circuit aval dans lequel la pression est inférieure à la pression dans le circuit amont, caractérisé en ce que lorsque l'opérateur commande la délivrance du fluide, l'ouverture du circuit amont a lieu avant l'ouverture du circuit aval.12. Method for delivering a fluid into a valve-regulator block, said valve-regulator block comprising an upstream circuit and a downstream circuit in which the pressure is lower than the pressure in the upstream circuit, characterized in that when the operator controls the delivery of the fluid, the opening of the upstream circuit takes place before the opening of the downstream circuit.
13. Procédé d'arrêt de la délivrance d'un fluide dans un bloc robinet-détendeur, ledit bloc robinet-détendeur comprenant un circuit amont et un circuit aval dans lequel la pression est inférieure à la pression dans le circuit amont, caractérisé en ce que lorsque l'opérateur commande l'arrêt de la délivrance du fluide, la fermeture du circuit aval a lieu avant la fermeture du circuit amont. 13. Method for stopping the delivery of a fluid in a valve-regulator block, said valve-regulator block comprising an upstream circuit and a downstream circuit in which the pressure is lower than the pressure in the upstream circuit, characterized in that when the operator controls the stopping of the delivery of the fluid, the closing of the downstream circuit takes place before the closing of the upstream circuit.
EP04767385A 2003-06-25 2004-06-18 Expansion valve block with co-ordinated high- and low-pressure circuit control means Withdrawn EP1642182A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0307672A FR2856809B1 (en) 2003-06-25 2003-06-25 BLOCK TAPPER-DETENDOR WITH COMMANDS OF HIGH AND LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUITS COORDINATES
PCT/FR2004/001526 WO2005001590A1 (en) 2003-06-25 2004-06-18 Expansion valve block with co-ordinated high- and low-pressure circuit control means

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1642182A1 true EP1642182A1 (en) 2006-04-05

Family

ID=33515397

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04767385A Withdrawn EP1642182A1 (en) 2003-06-25 2004-06-18 Expansion valve block with co-ordinated high- and low-pressure circuit control means

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US7591276B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1642182A1 (en)
JP (1) JP4659739B2 (en)
AU (1) AU2004252599B2 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0411940A (en)
CA (1) CA2528342C (en)
FR (1) FR2856809B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005001590A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009079218A2 (en) 2007-12-06 2009-06-25 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Integrated valve regulator assembly and system for the controlled storage and dispensing of a hazardous material
US20100228399A1 (en) * 2007-12-06 2010-09-09 Udischas Richard J Pressure regulator assembly and system for the controlled storage and dispensing of a fluid
US9371913B2 (en) * 2012-12-26 2016-06-21 Sue H. Lhymn Valve apparatus for high pressure gas containers
GB201309046D0 (en) * 2013-05-20 2013-07-03 Linde Ag A pressurised fluid container

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JPS5519882U (en) * 1978-07-26 1980-02-07
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FR2537243B3 (en) * 1982-12-03 1985-12-06 Auxitrol DOUBLE COMPRESSED AIR RELIEF STATION FOR SUPPLYING A SYSTEM
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2856809B1 (en) 2005-08-05
JP4659739B2 (en) 2011-03-30
CA2528342C (en) 2015-04-21
CA2528342A1 (en) 2005-01-06
BRPI0411940A (en) 2006-10-17
JP2007514894A (en) 2007-06-07
AU2004252599B2 (en) 2009-10-08
FR2856809A1 (en) 2004-12-31
US20060137748A1 (en) 2006-06-29
WO2005001590A1 (en) 2005-01-06
AU2004252599A1 (en) 2005-01-06
US7591276B2 (en) 2009-09-22

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