EP1637829B1 - Hitzegenerierendes Gegenmassnahmenpaket - Google Patents

Hitzegenerierendes Gegenmassnahmenpaket Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1637829B1
EP1637829B1 EP04445095.5A EP04445095A EP1637829B1 EP 1637829 B1 EP1637829 B1 EP 1637829B1 EP 04445095 A EP04445095 A EP 04445095A EP 1637829 B1 EP1637829 B1 EP 1637829B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bodies
pack
heat
joined
oxidizing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP04445095.5A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1637829A1 (de
Inventor
Christer ZÄTTERQVIST
Johan Friede
Martin Ringstedt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saab AB
Original Assignee
Saab AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saab AB filed Critical Saab AB
Priority to DK04445095.5T priority Critical patent/DK1637829T3/en
Priority to ES04445095.5T priority patent/ES2638241T3/es
Priority to EP04445095.5A priority patent/EP1637829B1/de
Publication of EP1637829A1 publication Critical patent/EP1637829A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1637829B1 publication Critical patent/EP1637829B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B4/00—Fireworks, i.e. pyrotechnic devices for amusement, display, illumination or signal purposes
    • F42B4/26—Flares; Torches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41J—TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
    • F41J2/00—Reflecting targets, e.g. radar-reflector targets; Active targets transmitting electromagnetic or acoustic waves
    • F41J2/02—Active targets transmitting infrared radiation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pack of heat-generating countermeasures comprising a container with a lid forming a tight-closing pack and accommodating heat-generating countermeasures in the form of material which oxidizes on contact with oxygen and thus generates heat, which is intended to be dispensed from sea, land or air-based systems, heat being generated when the pack, on being dispensed, is opened so that the contents of the pack come into contact with the oxygen in the air and are oxidized.
  • Packs of this kind are used for generating decoys to counter heat-seeking homing missiles.
  • a common type of decoy to counter heat-seeking homing missiles is hot bodies which are placed in the field of vision of the missile and are intended to disrupt the target seeker.
  • pyrotechnic magnesium-based flares have been used. These maintain a relatively high temperature, which means that the ratio between the heat signature of the flare and the signature of the aircraft tends to be greater than one, which is normally attractive to a thermal-target seeker.
  • More modern thermal-target seekers may be equipped with filters and other devices which, using various techniques, distinguish such flares.
  • oxidizing material in the form of oxidizing iron sulphide in powder form or coated on a substrate, for example a metal strip.
  • the substrate is heated by the oxidizing material and acts as a black or grey body radiator.
  • black body means an ideal heat radiator which behaves according to Planck's law, while a grey body is a body of which the radiation properties have the same spectral distribution as a black body but not the same intensity.
  • the substrate therefore acts as both a carrier and a grey body radiator in the form of a heat buffer but not as a heat generator.
  • the object of the present invention is to produce a pack of heat-generating countermeasures which satisfies the wishes referred to above better than previously known constructions.
  • the object of the invention is achieved in accordance with the characterizing part of independent claim 1 by a pack characterized in that the oxidizing material consists essentially of oxidizing powder joined together to form one or more joined-together bodies.
  • the oxidizing heat-generating bodies are therefore completely or virtually completely constructed from oxidizing material, which means that they act as carrier, heat generator and grey body radiator at one and the same time. By using the oxidizing material as a grey radiator, a greater quantity of oxidizing material can be enclosed within a given volume.
  • the maximum operating temperature and rise time of the bodies can be controlled and adapted to the situation in which they are to be used. After use, the oxidizing heat-generating bodies will have burned up completely or virtually completely before they reach the ground, which minimizes contamination on the ground or platform.
  • the joined-together bodies formed by joining the oxidizing powder together consist essentially of iron sulphide.
  • the joining-together can be effected by, for example, a sintering process to form a body of suitable shape and mass.
  • the joined-together bodies can consist essentially of a pure metal such as iron or aluminium.
  • the bodies can, according to another advantageous embodiment, comprise binder.
  • the bodies can comprise reinforcement or binder and reinforcement in combination.
  • the reinforcement can be in the form of, for example, glass fibre
  • the binder can be in the form of, for example, potassium bromide.
  • the bodies include substances which, when oxidation of the oxidizing material takes place, give off exhaust-gas-like gases, such as, for example, CO, CO 2 or H 2 O.
  • exhaust-gas-like gases such as, for example, CO, CO 2 or H 2 O.
  • the decisive factors for the action of the oxidizing heat-generating bodies against a heat-seeking homing missile are their temperature, their emissivity, their number, the spread of the bodies in the space within the field of vision of the target seeker and their radiating area projected in the field of vision of the missile.
  • the time it takes for the body to reach its operating temperature from ambient temperature and how long the body is capable of maintaining this temperature also have an effect.
  • the design of the body will also control the way in which the body is cooled by conduction and convection and influence its aerodynamic qualities. It is therefore desirable for it to be possible to vary the design of the bodies according to application, that is to say according to the platform to be protected and according to the threat which can be expected.
  • the oxidizing heat-generating bodies are of the nature of a pellet.
  • the shape of the bodies can therefore be adapted so that all the characteristics mentioned above are adapted to the demands made in an operational situation.
  • An important parameter controlled by the shape is the ratio between surface area and volume. The larger the surface area exposed to air, the greater the effect produced. A higher ratio therefore gives a higher temperature but a shorter burning time for a given volume (mass). Generally, it can also be said that cooling and air resistance increase as the ratio increases.
  • a typical design of the oxidizing heat-generating bodies which tends to give a high burning temperature is a rectangular or square body with a thin cross section. Such a body is suitable for protecting a platform with high heat radiation of its own.
  • Such a body also has an extent and shape suitable for packing in a box. By increasing the thickness of the body, but retaining the same basic shape, a lower burning temperature and a smaller radiating area but a longer burning time are obtained.
  • Such a body is suitable for protecting a platform with a lower heat radiation of its own and a lower speed, which means that the body will remain in the field of vision of the target seeker for a longer time, for which reason a longer burning time is desirable.
  • a typical such platform is a slow-moving transport aircraft or a civil passenger aircraft.
  • the bodies are designed with an essentially spherical shape. By virtue of their spherical shape, good strength and a slow oxidization process are obtained.
  • the bodies are designed with an essentially flat rectangular shape.
  • the shape allows the space in standardized flat containers for countermeasures to be filled efficiently.
  • the thickness for example, the burning time and burning temperature can be adjusted.
  • the dispenser 1 shown diagrammatically in Figure 1 is filled with packs 2 which, when opened, generate heat.
  • a spring-loaded piston 3 displaces the packs towards the opening 4 of the dispenser 1 where a mechanical launching mechanism 5 launches one pack at a time through the opening 4.
  • Adjacent to the opening 4 is an opening mechanism 6 for opening the packs in connection with their being launched or dispensed.
  • the opening mechanism 6 can comprise some form of gripping means which takes hold of and pulls off an openable part of the pack.
  • the opening mechanism can comprise some form of cutting means, for example a knife, which cuts open the pack in connection with it leaving the dispenser.
  • the pack 2 shown in Figure 2 comprises a container 7 consisting of a bottom plate 8 and four side walls 9-12.
  • the container is closed by a lid 13 which can be, for example, glued firmly to the edges of the side walls 9-12 facing the lid 13.
  • the container accommodates joined-together bodies 14 indicated by broken lines which constitute oxidizing material and thus react with oxygen, generating heat, when the pack is opened and the air is given access.
  • the bodies are indicated as having a flat rectangular shape, but there are many other possible shapes.
  • Figure 3a shows a spherical shape.
  • the spherical shape has a small surface area in relation to volume and can advantageously be used if a long burning time is required.
  • the spheres can be given a larger or smaller diameter depending on the desired effect. It may also be suitable to mix different sizes.
  • the bodies 14 shown in Figures 3b and 3c have two plane opposite rectangular main surfaces 19, 20, and the one shown in Figure 3c is more elongate than the one shown in Figure 3b . By varying the thickness of the bodies, for example, the burning time and burning temperature can be changed.
  • Figure 4 shows examples of how the burning temperature T can vary as a function of time t.
  • the upper curve 15 shows a burning profile with a relatively high burning temperature and short burning time
  • the lower curve 16 shows a burning profile with a relatively low burning temperature and long burning time. It can be useful if the front flanks 17, 18 of the curves are relatively steep so that the countermeasures work with full force quickly.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Packung von wärmeerzeugenden Gegenmaßnahmen bzw. Täuschkörpern, umfassend einen Behälter mit einem Deckel, der eine dicht schließende Packung bildet und wärmeerzeugende Täuschkörper in Form von Material aufnimmt, welches bei Kontakt mit Sauerstoff oxidiert und somit Wärme erzeugt, wobei die Packung dazu bestimmt ist, von see-, land- oder luftgestützten Systemen abgegeben zu werden, wobei Wärme erzeugt wird, wenn die Packung, wenn sie abgegeben wird, geöffnet wird, so dass der Inhalt der Packung in Kontakt mit dem Sauerstoff in der Luft kommt und oxidiert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das oxidierende Material im Wesentlichen aus oxidierendem Pulver besteht, das zusammengefügt ist, um einen oder mehrere zusammengefügte Körper zu bilden, wobei die oxidierenden wärmeerzeugenden Körper vollständig oder nahezu vollständig aus oxidierendem Material konstruiert sind, wobei die Körper gleichzeitig als Träger, Wärmeerzeuger und Graukörperstrahler fungieren.
  2. Packung gemäß Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zusammengefüg-ten Körper, die durch Zusammenfügen des Pulvers gebildet sind, im Wesentlichen aus Eisensulfid bestehen.
  3. Packung gemäß Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zusammengefüg-ten Körper im Wesentlichen aus reinem Metall wie Eisen oder Aluminium bestehen.
  4. Packung gemäß einem der vorangehenden Patentansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die durch das zusammengefügte Pulver gebildeten Körper ein Bindemittel umfassen, um den einzelnen Körper zusammenzuhalten.
  5. Packung gemäß einem der vorangehenden Patentansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die durch das zusammengefügte Pulver gebildeten Körper eine Verstärkung umfas-sen, um den einzelnen Körper zusammenzuhalten.
  6. Packung gemäß einem der vorangehenden Patentansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Körper Substanzen enthalten, welche, wenn die Oxidation des oxidierenden Materials stattfindet, abgasähnliche Gase wie z. B. CO, CO2 oder H2O abgeben.
  7. Packung gemäß einem der vorangehenden Patentansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Körper mit im Wesentlichen kugelförmiger Gestalt ausgebildet sind.
  8. Packung gemäß einem der vorangehenden Patentansprüche 1-6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Körper mit einer im Wesentlichen flachen rechteckigen Gestalt ausgebildet sind.
EP04445095.5A 2004-09-15 2004-09-15 Hitzegenerierendes Gegenmassnahmenpaket Not-in-force EP1637829B1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK04445095.5T DK1637829T3 (en) 2004-09-15 2004-09-15 Package of heat-generating countermeasures
ES04445095.5T ES2638241T3 (es) 2004-09-15 2004-09-15 Paquete de contramedidas generadoras de calor
EP04445095.5A EP1637829B1 (de) 2004-09-15 2004-09-15 Hitzegenerierendes Gegenmassnahmenpaket

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04445095.5A EP1637829B1 (de) 2004-09-15 2004-09-15 Hitzegenerierendes Gegenmassnahmenpaket

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1637829A1 EP1637829A1 (de) 2006-03-22
EP1637829B1 true EP1637829B1 (de) 2017-05-31

Family

ID=34932997

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04445095.5A Not-in-force EP1637829B1 (de) 2004-09-15 2004-09-15 Hitzegenerierendes Gegenmassnahmenpaket

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1637829B1 (de)
DK (1) DK1637829T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2638241T3 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010093292A1 (en) * 2009-02-11 2010-08-19 Saab Ab Decoy material package, a dispenser and a method for dispensing decoy material
US8403253B1 (en) 2009-03-18 2013-03-26 Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd. Active IR signature target simulation system and a method thereof
IL293425A (en) * 2019-12-05 2022-07-01 Saab Ab A system for ejecting ammunition boxes

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE757673A (fr) * 1969-11-05 1971-04-01 France Etat Composition pyrotechnique a pouvoir lumineux eleve et son procede de fabrication
US4978400A (en) * 1989-11-17 1990-12-18 General Sciences, Inc. Synergistic composite pyrotechnic material
US5472533A (en) * 1994-09-22 1995-12-05 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Spectrally balanced infrared flare pyrotechnic composition
GB9612655D0 (en) * 1996-06-17 2003-05-28 Secr Defence Infra-red emitting decoy flare
JP2001505865A (ja) * 1996-11-15 2001-05-08 コーダント・テクノロジーズ・インコーポレーテッド 押出成形可能な黒体おとり照明弾組成物およびその使用法
US6427599B1 (en) * 1997-08-29 2002-08-06 Bae Systems Integrated Defense Solutions Inc. Pyrotechnic compositions and uses therefore
US6055909A (en) * 1998-09-28 2000-05-02 Raytheon Company Electronically configurable towed decoy for dispensing infrared emitting flares
SE525519C2 (sv) * 2003-02-10 2005-03-01 Saab Ab Förfarande för att framställa värmegenerande motmedel, samt förpackning med värmegenerande motmedel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK1637829T3 (en) 2017-08-28
EP1637829A1 (de) 2006-03-22
ES2638241T3 (es) 2017-10-19

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