EP1636490B1 - Rotor blade connection - Google Patents

Rotor blade connection Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1636490B1
EP1636490B1 EP04732943A EP04732943A EP1636490B1 EP 1636490 B1 EP1636490 B1 EP 1636490B1 EP 04732943 A EP04732943 A EP 04732943A EP 04732943 A EP04732943 A EP 04732943A EP 1636490 B1 EP1636490 B1 EP 1636490B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor blade
rotor
holes
tension elements
hub
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP04732943A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1636490A1 (en
Inventor
Aloys Wobben
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to PL04732943T priority Critical patent/PL1636490T3/en
Priority to SI200431079T priority patent/SI1636490T1/en
Publication of EP1636490A1 publication Critical patent/EP1636490A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1636490B1 publication Critical patent/EP1636490B1/en
Priority to CY20091100578T priority patent/CY1109115T1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0658—Arrangements for fixing wind-engaging parts to a hub
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F05B2260/301—Retaining bolts or nuts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rotor blade for a wind energy plant, with a plurality of holes arranged in the region of the rotor blade root, which are formed as through holes, which extend substantially transversely to the longitudinal axis of the rotor blade, with transverse pins inserted into the holes and connectable with the cross bolt tension elements.
  • a rotor blade with holes arranged in the region of the rotor blade root is known, which extend essentially transversely to the longitudinal axis of the rotor blade, with transverse bolts inserted into the holes and tensioning elements which can be connected to the transverse bolts. These holes are designed as blind holes.
  • a rotor blade of the type mentioned is known.
  • a tension element (referred to therein as a tie rod) extends from the transverse bolt to a flange.
  • the rotor blade on the flange, z. B. the rotor hub, are attached.
  • the prior art discloses traction elements extending within the rotor blade root. Accordingly, channels must be present in the material of the rotor blade root, in which the tension elements are used. In accordance with the concomitant weakening of the material, the material in the area of the rotor blade root must be reinforced by suitable design measures, so that the required strength is ensured.
  • the rotor blade according to the invention is characterized in that the tension elements extend outside the rotor blade root.
  • the invention is based on the finding that although the area of the rotor blade root is aerodynamically adversely changed at the hub, but this has no adverse effect, the acoustic behavior and the other properties of the system, because this area of the rotor blade is either covered by the spinner or is at least in the slowest rotating part of the rotor.
  • the rotor blade according to the invention has the advantage that, on the one hand, the material of the rotor blade in the region of the rotor blade root is not weakened by channels and that the tension elements can be subjected to visual inspection at any time, without the need for disassembly. Therefore, z. B. incipient corrosion immediately detected and eliminated.
  • a plurality of spaced holes for receiving a plurality of transverse bolts are provided in the rotor blade, as this can significantly increase the strength of the rotor blade connection, which is particularly necessary for very large wind turbines.
  • the holes may be spaced so that the material is only slightly weakened by the holes.
  • the rotor blade in the region of the rotor blade root has an expanded cross-section and the hole or holes in the region of this enlarged cross section is / are arranged.
  • the capacity of the Connection between the rotor blade and rotor hub can be significantly increased because the rotor blade is exposed by the cross-sectional widening in the rotor blade root much lower voltages and thus can be acted upon with larger forces.
  • the inventive arrangement of the holes in the region of the enlarged cross-section a favorable force transmission from the cross bolt to the material of the rotor blade over a correspondingly increased area is possible, while a much lower surface pressure occurs at the interface between the transverse pin and the inner surface of the recess.
  • the cross-sectional widening can have a significantly lower extent than in the case of a known rotor blade, since the bores do not have to be compensated for traction elements extending inside the rotor blade.
  • the cross section of the rotor blade expands on both sides in the direction of a hub-side end portion of the rotor blade. In this way, a symmetrical application of force is realized by the cross bolt in the rotor blade.
  • the rotor blade has two opposite thickening sections formed integrally therewith, and the holes are arranged at least partially in the region of the thickening sections.
  • the thickening sections which contribute to the cross-sectional enlargement can be formed by laminating several layers of fiber composite material and epoxy resin in a simple and known manner.
  • the rotor blade has a substantially tubular end section in the region of the rotor blade root, in which a plurality of holes are formed, is particularly preferred.
  • a tubular end portion may be attached to the rotor hub in a particularly uniform and simple manner and is particularly advantageous in very large wind turbines where extreme forces occur and whose rotor blades transition from the tubular end portion for attachment to a wing profile portion.
  • the rotor blade consists essentially of a glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material.
  • the transverse bolts are preferably glued into the hole.
  • the transverse bolt can be reliably held in the predetermined position, even while the tension elements are installed.
  • concentric about the longitudinal axis of the hole (or the transverse pin) may be provided on at least one but preferably both ends of the hole metallic discs.
  • These discs which are similar in shape to known washers, are mounted flush with the surface of the rotor blade root in the area of the hole and prevent damage to the edge of the hole.
  • a sleeve is inserted or glued into the hole.
  • This sleeve is made of a metallic material and prevents friction between the wall of the hole and the cross pin. Any resulting friction takes place between the cross pin and the sleeve.
  • a preferred embodiment of the rotor according to the invention is characterized in that the rotor hub has a circumferential flange portion with a substantially T-shaped cross section for connection of the rotor blade and the rotor blade by means of a plurality of tension elements which are connected to the rotor blade mounted on the transverse bolt, with the flange portion is screwed.
  • the suitably symmetrical T-shaped flange section By virtue of the suitably symmetrical T-shaped flange section, a symmetrical introduction of force from the rotor blade into the hub can be realized by forming through-holes in the two essentially free-lying sections of the T-shaped flange section, through which the tension elements engage.
  • the plurality of tension members are arranged in pairs parallel to each other and substantially in two mutually concentrically arranged rows.
  • Wind turbine 1 shown essentially comprises a tower 3 and a gondola 5 attached thereto for receiving a generator 7 and a rotor 9 directly connected thereto.
  • the rotor 9 has a rotor hub 11 and three rotor blades 2 attached to the rotor hub 11. By acting on the rotor blade 2 wind forces the rotor hub 11 is rotated to drive the generator 7.
  • the generator 7 designed as a ring generator has a stator 13 and a rotor 15.
  • the rotor 15 is mounted together with the rotor hub 11 by means of main bearings 17 on a journal 19 which is fixedly connected to a so-called machine carrier 21.
  • the machine carrier 21 is mounted pivotably on the tower 3 by means of a rotary bearing (not shown) by means of azimuth motors 23.
  • a device 27 is also attached with anemometer and wind vane.
  • FIG. 2 shows in a sectional view a blade root-side portion of a rotor blade 2 of a wind turbine 1, which may be, for example, a so-called horizontal axis wind turbine, as in FIG. 1 shown.
  • FIG. 2 This in FIG. 2 partially illustrated rotor blade 2 is made of lightweight construction of a glass-fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material and by means of a rotor blade connection 29 (FIG. FIG. 1 ) is fixedly connected to the rotor hub 11 by the rotor blade 2 is screwed with a cross-sectionally T-shaped, circumferential flange 4, which in turn is formed integrally with the rotor hub 11.
  • the in FIG. 1 represented portion of the rotor blade 2 is - as well as the flange 4 - circumferentially and substantially tubular and extends with increasing distance from the rotor hub 11 in the (not shown) aerodynamically effective rotor blade profile over.
  • a blade adapter 31 can be arranged between the rotor blade connection 29 and the rotor hub 11. By means of a pitch motor, the rotor blade 2 can be rotated together with the blade connection 29 and the blade adapter 31 about the longitudinal axis of the rotor blade 2.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the inventive, two-sided extension of the cross section of the rotor blade 2 in the region of the rotor blade root 6, ie, in the embodiment of the end portion of the substantially tubular portion of the rotor blade 2, which rests in the mounted state on the flange 4 of the rotor hub 11.
  • thickening sections 8, 10 are formed, which is for an extension of the cross section of the rotor blade 2 in the direction of the end region of the rotor blade 2 in the region of the rotor blade root 6 provide. Due to the extended cross-section, a high strength is achieved there.
  • the thickening sections 8, 10 can be made integrally on the rotor blade root 6, for example, by attaching additional epoxy resin and fiber layers.
  • transverse bolts 16 made of metal are used as anchoring elements within the rotor blade 2.
  • the transverse bolts 16 have a length exceeding the thickness of the rotor blade root 6 and in their end regions outside the rotor blade root 6, the rotor blade root through-holes are provided on both sides. These can be z. B. (not shown) have internal thread. These interact with tension elements 20, 22 in the form of cylindrical bolts made of metal. These tension members 20, 22 may be provided with an external thread, with which they are screwed into the matching internal thread of the transverse pin 16.
  • the tension elements 20, 22 extend outside the rotor blade 2 on both sides of the rotor blade root through bores 28, 30 of the flange 4.
  • a (further) external thread of the tension members 20, 22 screwed nut 32, 34 with the interposition of a sleeve or a washer 36, 38 By means of a (further) external thread of the tension members 20, 22 screwed nut 32, 34 with the interposition of a sleeve or a washer 36, 38, the tension members 20, 22 acted upon by large tensile forces and thus the rotor blade 2 fixed to the flange 4 and thus the rotor hub 11 are pulled, so that a firm connection between the rotor blade 2 and rotor hub 11 is made.
  • FIG. 3 shows enlarged a section of FIG. 2 , Here is particularly well to see how the sleeve 15 in the hole 12, the transverse pin 16 in the sleeve 15 and a disc 17 are arranged around the cross bolt around.
  • the disks 17 are arranged flush with the surface of the root area 6 of the rotor blade 2.
  • the sleeve 15 may be glued into the hole. This allows movements between the transverse pin 16 and the wall of the hole 12 can be avoided. These arise instead between the sleeve 15 and the cross pin 16. Although these movements by the tight clamping of the transverse pin 16 by the tension members 20, 22 can only be extremely small (so-called micro-movements), it may otherwise be damaged by the continuous load come.
  • FIG. 4 an alternative, simpler embodiment of the invention is shown.
  • the cross pin 16 extends alone within the hole 12 without a sleeve.
  • the cross pin 16 may in turn be glued into the hole 12 to prevent movement between both components and thus abrasion of the material of the rotor blade root 6 and at the same time to hold the transverse pin 16 in its predetermined position during assembly.
  • the further structure corresponds to that of the known embodiment; the tension elements 20, 22 extend through the flange 4 and are fastened by means of discs 36, 38 with nuts 32, 34.
  • the wind turbine is one in which the rotor blade is supported by a rotor and by means of pitch the rotor blades are adjustable in their angle to the wind. It may also be particularly advantageous if the pitch drive consists not only of one, but of two or three pitch drives.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Rotorblatt für eine Windenergieanlage, mit mehreren im Bereich der Rotorblattwurzel angeordneten Löchern, die als Durchgangslöcher ausgebildet sind, die sich im Wesentlichen quer zur Längsachse des Rotorblattes erstrecken, mit in die Löcher eingesetzten Querbolzen und mit den Querbolzen verbindbaren Zugelementen.The present invention relates to a rotor blade for a wind energy plant, with a plurality of holes arranged in the region of the rotor blade root, which are formed as through holes, which extend substantially transversely to the longitudinal axis of the rotor blade, with transverse pins inserted into the holes and connectable with the cross bolt tension elements.

Aus der DE 197 33 372 C1 ist ein Rotorblatt mit im Bereich der Rotorblattwurzel angeordneten Löchern bekannt, die sich im Wesentlichen quer zur Längsachse des Rotorblattes erstrecken, mit in die Löcher eingesetzten Querbolzen und mit den Querbolzen verbindbaren Zugelementen. Diese Löcher sind als Sacklöcher ausgebildet.From the DE 197 33 372 C1 a rotor blade with holes arranged in the region of the rotor blade root is known, which extend essentially transversely to the longitudinal axis of the rotor blade, with transverse bolts inserted into the holes and tensioning elements which can be connected to the transverse bolts. These holes are designed as blind holes.

Aus dem Buch " Windkraftanlagen" von Erich Hau, 2. Auflage, Springer-Verlag, 1996, Seite 202 , das als nächstkommender Stand der Technik betrachtet wird, ist ein Rotorblatt der eingangs genannten Art bekannt. Bei diesem bekannten Rotorblatt verläuft ein Zugelement (dort als Zuganker bezeichnet) von dem Querbolzen zu einem Flansch. Damit kann das Rotorblatt an dem Flansch, z. B. der Rotornabe, befestigt werden.From the book " Wind turbines "by Erich Hau, 2nd edition, Springer-Verlag, 1996, page 202 , Which is considered as the closest prior art, a rotor blade of the type mentioned is known. In this known rotor blade, a tension element (referred to therein as a tie rod) extends from the transverse bolt to a flange. Thus, the rotor blade on the flange, z. B. the rotor hub, are attached.

Der Stand der Technik offenbart innerhalb der Rotorblattwurzel verlaufende Zugelemente. Demnach müssen Kanäle im Material der Rotorblattwurzel vorhanden sein, in welche die Zugelemente eingesetzt sind. Entsprechend der damit einhergehenden Materialschwächung muss das Material im Bereich der Rotorblattwurzel durch geeignete konstruktive Maßnahmen verstärkt werden, damit die erforderliche Festigkeit gewährleistet ist.The prior art discloses traction elements extending within the rotor blade root. Accordingly, channels must be present in the material of the rotor blade root, in which the tension elements are used. In accordance with the concomitant weakening of the material, the material in the area of the rotor blade root must be reinforced by suitable design measures, so that the required strength is ensured.

Um diese Nachteile durch eine konstruktive Vereinfachun zu beseitigen, ist das erfindungsgemäße Rotorblatt dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zugelemente außerhalb der Rotorblattwurzel verlaufen.To eliminate these disadvantages by a constructive simplification, the rotor blade according to the invention is characterized in that the tension elements extend outside the rotor blade root.

Dabei liegt der Erfindung die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass damit zwar der Bereich der Rotorblattwurzel an der Nabe aerodynamisch nachteilig verändert wird, dies jedoch keinen nachteiligen Einfluss das akustische Verhalten und die übrigen Eigenschaften der Anlage hat, weil dieser Bereich des Rotorblattes entweder vom Spinner verdeckt ist oder sich wenigstens in dem am langsamsten drehenden Teil des Rotors befindet.The invention is based on the finding that although the area of the rotor blade root is aerodynamically adversely changed at the hub, but this has no adverse effect, the acoustic behavior and the other properties of the system, because this area of the rotor blade is either covered by the spinner or is at least in the slowest rotating part of the rotor.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Rotorblatt ist der Vorteil verbunden, dass einerseits das Material des Rotorblattes im Bereich der Rotorblattwurzel nicht durch Kanäle geschwächt ist und dass die Zugelemente jederzeit einer visuellen Prüfung unterworfen werden können, ohne dass dafür eine Demontage erforderlich ist. Daher kann z. B. beginnende Korrosion sofort erkannt und beseitigt werden.The rotor blade according to the invention has the advantage that, on the one hand, the material of the rotor blade in the region of the rotor blade root is not weakened by channels and that the tension elements can be subjected to visual inspection at any time, without the need for disassembly. Therefore, z. B. incipient corrosion immediately detected and eliminated.

Weiterhin ist auch ein Austausch eines Zugelementes auf einfache Weise möglich.Furthermore, an exchange of a tension element is possible in a simple manner.

Insbesondere bei Verwendung von faserverstärktem Epoxidharz-Verbundmaterial als leichter und gleichzeitig robuster Werkstoff für Rotorblätter kann eine dauerhafte Verankerung der Querbolzen in der Rotorblattwurzel verwirklicht werden. Dabei ergibt sich eine günstige Krafteinleitung von einem Querbolzen in das Epoxidharz-Verbundmaterial des Rotorblattes.In particular, when using fiber-reinforced epoxy composite material as a lightweight and at the same time robust material for rotor blades, a permanent anchoring of the transverse pin in the rotor blade root can be realized. This results in a favorable force from a transverse pin in the epoxy resin composite material of the rotor blade.

Zweckmäßiger Weise sind mehrere beabstandete Löcher zur Aufnahme mehrerer Querbolzen in dem Rotorblatt vorgesehen, da sich dadurch die Festigkeit des Rotorblattanschlusses wesentlich erhöhen lässt, was insbesondere bei sehr großen Windenergieanlagen erforderlich ist. Die Löcher können so beabstandet sein, dass das Material nur unwesentlich durch die Löcher geschwächt wird.Appropriately, a plurality of spaced holes for receiving a plurality of transverse bolts are provided in the rotor blade, as this can significantly increase the strength of the rotor blade connection, which is particularly necessary for very large wind turbines. The holes may be spaced so that the material is only slightly weakened by the holes.

Besonders bevorzugt ist eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung, bei der das Rotorblatt im Bereich der Rotorblattwurzel einen erweiterten Querschnitt aufweist und das Loch oder die Löcher im Bereich dieses erweiterten Querschnitts angeordnet ist/sind. Auch durch diese Maßnahme kann die Belastbarkeit der Verbindung zwischen Rotorblatt und Rotornabe wesentlich erhöht werden, da das Rotorblatt durch die Querschnittserweiterung im Bereich der Rotorblattwurzel wesentlich geringeren Spannungen ausgesetzt wird und somit mit größeren Kräften beaufschlagbar ist. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung der Löcher in dem Bereich des erweiterten Querschnitts ist eine günstige Krafteinleitung von dem Querbolzen auf das Material des Rotorblattes über eine entsprechend vergrößerte Fläche möglich, während eine wesentlich geringere Flächenpressung an der Grenzfläche zwischen Querbolzen und Innenfläche der Ausnehmung auftritt. Dabei kann die Querschnittserweiterung ein deutlich geringeres Ausmaß als bei einem bekannten Rotorblatt aufweisen, da die Bohrungen für innerhalb des Rotorblattes verlaufende Zugelemente nicht ausgeglichen werden müssen.Particularly preferred is an embodiment of the invention, in which the rotor blade in the region of the rotor blade root has an expanded cross-section and the hole or holes in the region of this enlarged cross section is / are arranged. Also by this measure, the capacity of the Connection between the rotor blade and rotor hub can be significantly increased because the rotor blade is exposed by the cross-sectional widening in the rotor blade root much lower voltages and thus can be acted upon with larger forces. The inventive arrangement of the holes in the region of the enlarged cross-section, a favorable force transmission from the cross bolt to the material of the rotor blade over a correspondingly increased area is possible, while a much lower surface pressure occurs at the interface between the transverse pin and the inner surface of the recess. In this case, the cross-sectional widening can have a significantly lower extent than in the case of a known rotor blade, since the bores do not have to be compensated for traction elements extending inside the rotor blade.

Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung erweitert sich der Querschnitt des Rotorblattes beidseitig in Richtung auf einen nabenseitigen Endabschnitt des Rotorblattes. Auf diese Weise wird eine symmetrische Krafteinleitung von den Querbolzen in das Rotorblatt realisiert.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the cross section of the rotor blade expands on both sides in the direction of a hub-side end portion of the rotor blade. In this way, a symmetrical application of force is realized by the cross bolt in the rotor blade.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung dieses Ausführungsbeispiels weist das Rotorblatt zwei jeweils einstückig mit diesem ausgebildete, gegenüberliegende Verdickungsabschnitte auf, und die Löcher sind wenigstens teilweise im Bereich der Verdickungsabschnitte angeordnet. Die zur Querschnittserweiterung beitragenden Verdickungsabschnitte können durch anlaminieren von mehreren Schichten aus Faserverbundmaterial und Epoxidharz auf einfache und bekannte Weise angeformt werden.According to a preferred development of this exemplary embodiment, the rotor blade has two opposite thickening sections formed integrally therewith, and the holes are arranged at least partially in the region of the thickening sections. The thickening sections which contribute to the cross-sectional enlargement can be formed by laminating several layers of fiber composite material and epoxy resin in a simple and known manner.

Besonders bevorzugt ist ferner eine Ausführungsform, bei der das Rotorblatt im Bereich der Rotorblattwurzel einen im Wesentlichen rohrförmigen Endabschnitt aufweist, in welchem mehrere Löcher ausgebildet sind. Ein rohrförmiger Endabschnitt kann auf besonders gleichmäßige und einfache Weise an der Rotornabe befestigt werden und ist insbesondere bei sehr großen Windenergieanlagen, bei denen extreme Kräfte auftreten, und deren Rotorblätter von dem rohrförmigen Endabschnitt zur Befestigung in einen Flügelprofilabschnitt übergehen, vorteilhaft.Furthermore, an embodiment in which the rotor blade has a substantially tubular end section in the region of the rotor blade root, in which a plurality of holes are formed, is particularly preferred. A tubular end portion may be attached to the rotor hub in a particularly uniform and simple manner and is particularly advantageous in very large wind turbines where extreme forces occur and whose rotor blades transition from the tubular end portion for attachment to a wing profile portion.

Eine große Leichtigkeit des Materials, verbunden mit einer großen Festigkeit ergibt sich bei einer Ausführungsform, bei der das Rotorblatt im Wesentlichen aus einem glasfaserverstärktem Epoxidharz-Verbundmaterial besteht.A great lightness of the material, combined with a high strength results in an embodiment in which the rotor blade consists essentially of a glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material.

Um einen besseren Lastabtrag zu erreichen, sind die Querbolzen bevorzugt in das Loch eingeklebt. Zusätzlich ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass die Querbolzen zuverlässig in der vorgegebenen Position gehalten werden können, auch während die Zugelemente eingebaut werden.In order to achieve a better load transfer, the transverse bolts are preferably glued into the hole. In addition, there is the advantage that the transverse bolt can be reliably held in the predetermined position, even while the tension elements are installed.

Insbesondere bevorzugt können konzentrisch um die Längsachse des Loches (bzw. des Querbolzens) an wenigstens einem bevorzugt aber beiden Enden des Loches metallische Scheiben vorsehen sein. Diese Scheiben, die in ihrer Form mit bekannten Unterlegscheiben vergleichbar sind, werden bündig mit der Oberfläche der Rotorblattwurzel im Bereich des Loches angebracht und verhindern eine Beschädigung des Lochrandes.Particularly preferably, concentric about the longitudinal axis of the hole (or the transverse pin) may be provided on at least one but preferably both ends of the hole metallic discs. These discs, which are similar in shape to known washers, are mounted flush with the surface of the rotor blade root in the area of the hole and prevent damage to the edge of the hole.

In einer weiterhin bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist in das Loch eine Hülse einsetzt bzw. eingeklebt. Diese Hülse ist aus einem metallischen Material und verhindert eine Reibung zwischen der Wandung des Loches und dem Querbolzen. Eventuell entstehende Reibung findet zwischen dem Querbolzen und der Hülse statt.In a further preferred embodiment, a sleeve is inserted or glued into the hole. This sleeve is made of a metallic material and prevents friction between the wall of the hole and the cross pin. Any resulting friction takes place between the cross pin and the sleeve.

Die zuvor erläuterten Vorteile eines erfindungsgemäßen Rotorblattes ergeben sich auf ähnliche Weise bei einem Rotor für eine Windenergieanlage der eingangs genannten Art, der mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Rotorblatt ausgestattet ist. Zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen wird deshalb hinsichtlich der vorteilhaften Wirkungen auf die vorstehenden Ausführungen Bezug genommen.The above-explained advantages of a rotor blade according to the invention arise in a similar manner in a rotor for a wind turbine of the type mentioned, which is equipped with a rotor blade according to the invention. To avoid repetition, reference is therefore made to the above statements with regard to the advantageous effects.

Eine bevorzugte Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Rotors zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Rotornabe einen umlaufenden Flanschabschnitt mit im Wesentlichen T-förmigem Querschnitt zum Anschluss des Rotorblattes aufweist und das Rotorblatt mittels mehrerer Zugelemente, die mit an dem Rotorblatt angebrachten Querbolzen verbunden sind, mit dem Flanschabschnitt verschraubt ist. Durch den zweckmäßiger Weise symmetrischen T-förmigen Flanschabschnitt kann eine symmetrische Krafteinleitung von dem Rotorblatt in die Nabe realisiert werden, indem in den beiden im Wesentlichen in einer Ebene liegenden freien Abschnitten des T-förmigen Flanschabschnitts Durchgangsbohrungen ausgebildet sind, durch welche die Zugelemente hindurch greifen. Zweckmäßiger Weise sind die mehreren Zugelemente paarweise parallel zueinander und im Wesentlichen in zwei zueinander konzentrisch angeordneten Reihen angeordnet.A preferred embodiment of the rotor according to the invention is characterized in that the rotor hub has a circumferential flange portion with a substantially T-shaped cross section for connection of the rotor blade and the rotor blade by means of a plurality of tension elements which are connected to the rotor blade mounted on the transverse bolt, with the flange portion is screwed. By virtue of the suitably symmetrical T-shaped flange section, a symmetrical introduction of force from the rotor blade into the hub can be realized by forming through-holes in the two essentially free-lying sections of the T-shaped flange section, through which the tension elements engage. Appropriately, the plurality of tension members are arranged in pairs parallel to each other and substantially in two mutually concentrically arranged rows.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Vorteile werden auch bei einer Windenergieanlage verwirklicht, die mit einem Rotor und/oder einem Rotorblatt der vorstehend beschriebenen Art ausgestattet ist; hinsichtlich der hierdurch erreichbaren, erfindungsgemäßen Vorteile wird auf die vorstehenden Ausführungen im Zusammenhang mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Rotorblatt und Rotor verwiesen.The advantages of the invention are also realized in a wind turbine equipped with a rotor and / or a rotor blade of the type described above; With regard to the achievable advantages of this invention, reference is made to the above statements in connection with a rotor blade and rotor according to the invention.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Rotors einer Windenergieanlage anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen beschrieben. Dabei zeigen:

Figur 1
eine vereinfachte Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Windenergieanlage;
Figur 2
eine Schnittdarstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Befestigung eines Rotorblattes an einer Rotornabe einer Windenergieanlage;
Figur 3
eine Detailansicht aus Figur 2; und
Figur 4
eine Schnittdarstellung einer alternativen Ausführungsform der Erfindung.
The invention will be described below with reference to an embodiment of a rotor of a wind turbine with reference to the accompanying drawings. Showing:
FIG. 1
a simplified representation of a wind turbine according to the invention;
FIG. 2
a sectional view of the attachment of a rotor blade according to the invention to a rotor hub of a wind turbine;
FIG. 3
a detailed view FIG. 2 ; and
FIG. 4
a sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the invention.

Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Windenergieanlage 1 umfasst im Wesentlichen einen Turm 3 und eine an diesem befestigte Gondel 5 zur Aufnahme eines Generators 7 sowie eines damit direkt verbundenen Rotors 9. Der Rotor 9 weist eine Rotornabe 11 sowie drei an der Rotornabe 11 befestigte Rotorblätter 2 auf. Durch die auf das Rotorblatt 2 wirkenden Windkräfte wird die Rotornabe 11 in Drehung versetzt, um den Generator 7 anzutreiben.In the FIG. 1 Wind turbine 1 shown essentially comprises a tower 3 and a gondola 5 attached thereto for receiving a generator 7 and a rotor 9 directly connected thereto. The rotor 9 has a rotor hub 11 and three rotor blades 2 attached to the rotor hub 11. By acting on the rotor blade 2 wind forces the rotor hub 11 is rotated to drive the generator 7.

Der als Ringgenerator ausgebildete Generator 7 weist einen Stator 13 und einen Läufer 15 auf. Der Läufer 15 ist zusammen mit der Rotornabe 11 mittels Hauptlagern 17 auf einem Achszapfen 19 gelagert, der fest mit einem sogenannten Maschinenträger 21 verbunden ist. Der Maschinenträger 21 ist unter Vermittlung eines (nicht dargestellten) Drehlagers mittels Azimutmotoren 23 verschwenkbar auf dem Turm 3 gelagert. An dem Maschinenträger 21 ist ferner eine Einrichtung 27 mit Anemometer und Windfahne befestigt.The generator 7 designed as a ring generator has a stator 13 and a rotor 15. The rotor 15 is mounted together with the rotor hub 11 by means of main bearings 17 on a journal 19 which is fixedly connected to a so-called machine carrier 21. The machine carrier 21 is mounted pivotably on the tower 3 by means of a rotary bearing (not shown) by means of azimuth motors 23. On the machine carrier 21, a device 27 is also attached with anemometer and wind vane.

Figur 2 zeigt in einer Schnittdarstellung einen blattwurzelseitigen Abschnitt eines Rotorblattes 2 einer Windenergieanlage 1, bei der es sich beispielsweise um eine sogenannte Horizontalachsen-Windenergieanlage handeln kann, wie in Figur 1 dargestellt. FIG. 2 shows in a sectional view a blade root-side portion of a rotor blade 2 of a wind turbine 1, which may be, for example, a so-called horizontal axis wind turbine, as in FIG. 1 shown.

Das in Figur 2 teilweise dargestellte Rotorblatt 2 ist in Leichtbauweise aus einem glasfaserverstärkten Epoxidharz-Verbundmaterial hergestellt und mittels eines erfindungsgemäßen Rotorblattanschlusses 29 (Figur 1) mit der Rotornabe 11 fest verbunden, indem das Rotorblatt 2 mit einem im Querschnitt T-förmigen, umlaufenden Flansch 4 verschraubt ist, der seinerseits einstückig mit der Rotornabe 11 ausgebildet ist. Der in Figur 1 dargestellte Abschnitt des Rotorblattes 2 ist - ebenso wie der Flansch 4 - umlaufend und im Wesentlichen rohrförmig ausgebildet und geht mit zunehmenden Abstand von der Rotornabe 11 in das (nicht dargestellte) aerodynamisch wirksame Rotorblattprofil über. Zwischen dem Rotorblattanschluss 29 und der Rotornabe 11 kann ein Blattadapter 31 angeordnet sein. Mit Hilfe eines Blattverstellmotors kann das Rotorblatt 2 zusammen mit dem Blattanschluss 29 und dem Blattadapter 31 um die Längsachse des Rotorblattes 2 gedreht werden.This in FIG. 2 partially illustrated rotor blade 2 is made of lightweight construction of a glass-fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material and by means of a rotor blade connection 29 (FIG. FIG. 1 ) is fixedly connected to the rotor hub 11 by the rotor blade 2 is screwed with a cross-sectionally T-shaped, circumferential flange 4, which in turn is formed integrally with the rotor hub 11. The in FIG. 1 represented portion of the rotor blade 2 is - as well as the flange 4 - circumferentially and substantially tubular and extends with increasing distance from the rotor hub 11 in the (not shown) aerodynamically effective rotor blade profile over. A blade adapter 31 can be arranged between the rotor blade connection 29 and the rotor hub 11. By means of a pitch motor, the rotor blade 2 can be rotated together with the blade connection 29 and the blade adapter 31 about the longitudinal axis of the rotor blade 2.

Figur 2 veranschaulicht die erfindungsgemäße, zweiseitige Erweiterung des Querschnitts des Rotorblattes 2 im Bereich der Rotorblattwurzel 6, d. h., im Ausführungsbeispiel des Endbereichs des im Wesentlichen rohrförmigen Abschnitts des Rotorblattes 2, welcher im montierten Zustand an dem Flansch 4 der Rotornabe 11 anliegt. An gegenüberliegenden seitlichen Bereichen der Rotorblattwurzel 6 sind Verdickungsabschnitte 8, 10 angeformt, die für eine Erweiterung des Querschnitts des Rotorblattes 2 in Richtung auf den Endbereich des Rotorblattes 2 im Bereich der Rotorblattwurzel 6 sorgen. Durch den erweiterten Querschnitt wird dort eine große Festigkeit erzielt. Die Verdickungsabschnitte 8, 10 können beispielsweise durch Anbringen zusätzlicher Epoxidharz- und Faser-Schichten integral an der Rotorblattwurzel 6 hergestellt werden. FIG. 2 illustrates the inventive, two-sided extension of the cross section of the rotor blade 2 in the region of the rotor blade root 6, ie, in the embodiment of the end portion of the substantially tubular portion of the rotor blade 2, which rests in the mounted state on the flange 4 of the rotor hub 11. At opposite lateral regions of the rotor blade root 6 thickening sections 8, 10 are formed, which is for an extension of the cross section of the rotor blade 2 in the direction of the end region of the rotor blade 2 in the region of the rotor blade root 6 provide. Due to the extended cross-section, a high strength is achieved there. The thickening sections 8, 10 can be made integrally on the rotor blade root 6, for example, by attaching additional epoxy resin and fiber layers.

Im Bereich der Rotorblattwurzel 6 sind über den Umfang der Rotorblattwurzel 6 verteilt Durchgangslöcher 12 vorgesehen. In diese Löcher 12 sind Querbolzen 16 aus Metall als Verankerungselemente innerhalb des Rotorblattes 2 eingesetzt.In the area of the rotor blade root 6, through holes 12 are distributed over the circumference of the rotor blade root 6. In these holes 12, transverse bolts 16 made of metal are used as anchoring elements within the rotor blade 2.

Die Querbolzen 16 weisen eine über die Dicke der Rotorblattwurzel 6 hinausgehende Länge auf und in ihren Endbereichen außerhalb der Rotorblattwurzel 6 sind beidseitig der Rotorblattwurzel Durchgangslöcher vorgesehen. Diese können z. B. (nicht dargestellte) Innengewinde aufweisen. Diese wirken mit Zugelementen 20, 22 in Form zylindrischer Bolzen aus Metall zusammen. Diese Zugelemente 20, 22 können mit einem Außengewinde versehen sein, mit dem sie in das passende Innengewinde des Querbolzens 16 eingeschraubt werden.The transverse bolts 16 have a length exceeding the thickness of the rotor blade root 6 and in their end regions outside the rotor blade root 6, the rotor blade root through-holes are provided on both sides. These can be z. B. (not shown) have internal thread. These interact with tension elements 20, 22 in the form of cylindrical bolts made of metal. These tension members 20, 22 may be provided with an external thread, with which they are screwed into the matching internal thread of the transverse pin 16.

Die Zugelemente 20, 22 erstrecken sich außerhalb des Rotorblattes 2 beidseitig der Rotorblattwurzel durch Bohrungen 28, 30 des Flansches 4. Mittels einer auf ein (weiteres) Außengewinde der Zugelemente 20, 22 aufschraubbaren Mutter 32, 34 unter Zwischenschaltung einer Hülse oder einer Unterlegscheibe 36, 38 können die Zugelemente 20, 22 mit großen Zugkräften beaufschlagt und somit das Rotorblatt 2 fest an den Flansch 4 und somit die Rotornabe 11 gezogen werden, so dass eine feste Verbindung zwischen Rotorblatt 2 und Rotornabe 11 hergestellt wird.The tension elements 20, 22 extend outside the rotor blade 2 on both sides of the rotor blade root through bores 28, 30 of the flange 4. By means of a (further) external thread of the tension members 20, 22 screwed nut 32, 34 with the interposition of a sleeve or a washer 36, 38, the tension members 20, 22 acted upon by large tensile forces and thus the rotor blade 2 fixed to the flange 4 and thus the rotor hub 11 are pulled, so that a firm connection between the rotor blade 2 and rotor hub 11 is made.

Figur 3 zeigt vergrößert einen Ausschnitt aus Figur 2. Hier ist besonders gut zu erkennen, wie die Hülse 15 in dem Loch 12, der Querbolzen 16 in der Hülse 15 und eine Scheibe 17 um den Querbolzen herum angeordnet sind. FIG. 3 shows enlarged a section of FIG. 2 , Here is particularly well to see how the sleeve 15 in the hole 12, the transverse pin 16 in the sleeve 15 and a disc 17 are arranged around the cross bolt around.

Damit die Zugelemente 20, 22 möglichst nahe an der Oberfläche des Wurzelbereichs 6 des Rotorblattes 2 verlaufen, werden die Scheiben 17 bündig mit der Oberfläche des Wurzelbereichs 6 des Rotorblattes 2 angeordnet.So that the tension elements 20, 22 run as close as possible to the surface of the root area 6 of the rotor blade 2, the disks 17 are arranged flush with the surface of the root area 6 of the rotor blade 2.

Ebenso, wie der Querbolzen 16 in das Loch 12 eingeklebt sein kann, kann die Hülse 15 in das Loch eingeklebt sein. Damit können Bewegungen zwischen dem Querbolzen 16 und der Wandung des Loches 12 vermieden werden. Diese ergeben sich statt dessen zwischen der Hülse 15 und dem Querbolzen 16. Auch wenn diese Bewegungen durch die feste Einspannung des Querbolzens 16 durch die Zugelemente 20, 22 nur äußerst geringe (sogenannte Mikrobewegungen) sein können, kann es durch die Dauerbelastung sonst gleichwohl zu Schäden kommen.Just as the cross pin 16 may be glued into the hole 12, the sleeve 15 may be glued into the hole. This allows movements between the transverse pin 16 and the wall of the hole 12 can be avoided. These arise instead between the sleeve 15 and the cross pin 16. Although these movements by the tight clamping of the transverse pin 16 by the tension members 20, 22 can only be extremely small (so-called micro-movements), it may otherwise be damaged by the continuous load come.

In Figur 4 ist eine alternative, einfachere Ausführungsform der Erfindung dargestellt. Bei dieser Ausführungsform verläuft der Querbolzen 16 allein innerhalb des Loches 12 ohne eine Hülse. Natürlich kann der Querbolzen 16 wiederum in das Loch 12 eingeklebt sein, um eine Bewegung zwischen beiden Komponenten und damit ein Abrieb des Materials der Rotorblattwurzel 6 zu verhindern und gleichzeitig während der Montage den Querbolzen 16 in seiner vorgegebenen Position zu halten.In FIG. 4 an alternative, simpler embodiment of the invention is shown. In this embodiment, the cross pin 16 extends alone within the hole 12 without a sleeve. Of course, the cross pin 16 may in turn be glued into the hole 12 to prevent movement between both components and thus abrasion of the material of the rotor blade root 6 and at the same time to hold the transverse pin 16 in its predetermined position during assembly.

Der weitere Aufbau entspricht demjenigen der bekannten Ausführungsform; die Zugelemente 20, 22 verlaufen durch den Flansch 4 und sind unter Vermittlung von Scheiben 36, 38 mit Muttern 32, 34 befestigt.The further structure corresponds to that of the known embodiment; the tension elements 20, 22 extend through the flange 4 and are fastened by means of discs 36, 38 with nuts 32, 34.

Bei der Realisierung der Rotorblätter bei Windenergieanlagen ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die Windenergieanlage eine solche ist, bei welcher das Rotorblatt von einem Rotor getragen wird und mittels Pitch die Rotorblätter in ihrem Winkel zum Wind anstellbar sind. Hierbei kann es auch besonders vorteilhaft sein, wenn der Pitchantrieb nicht nur aus einem, sondern aus zwei oder drei Pitchantrieben besteht.In the realization of the rotor blades in wind turbines, it is particularly advantageous if the wind turbine is one in which the rotor blade is supported by a rotor and by means of pitch the rotor blades are adjustable in their angle to the wind. It may also be particularly advantageous if the pitch drive consists not only of one, but of two or three pitch drives.

Claims (13)

  1. Rotor blade (2) for a wind power installation (1), with a plurality of holes which are disposed in the region of the rotor blade root and which are in the form of through-holes extending substantially transversely to the longitudinal axis of the rotor blade, with transverse pins (16) inserted into the holes and with tension elements (20, 22) which are connectable to the transverse pins, wherein the transverse pins have an internal thread and the tension elements have an external thread corresponding to the diameter of the internal thread, and the tension elements are screwed to the transverse pins, characterised in that the tension elements (20, 22) extend outside the rotor blade root (6).
  2. Rotor blade according to claim 1,
    characterised in that a plurality of spaced holes (12) are provided for receiving a plurality of transverse pins (16).
  3. Rotor blade according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterised in that the rotor blade (2) has an enlarged cross-section in the region of the rotor blade root (6) and that the hole (12) or the holes (12) is/are disposed in the region of the enlarged cross-section.
  4. Rotor blade according to claim 3,
    characterised in that the cross-section of the rotor blade (2) is enlarged on both sides in the direction towards an end portion of the rotor blade (2), which end portion is towards the hub.
  5. Rotor blade according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that the rotor blade (2) has, in the region of the rotor blade root (6), a substantially tubular end portion in which a plurality of holes (12) are formed.
  6. Rotor blade according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that it substantially consists of a glass fibre reinforced epoxy resin composite material.
  7. Rotor blade according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that the transverse pins (16) are adhesively bonded into the holes (12).
  8. Rotor blade according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
    characterised in that a sleeve (15) is provided in the hole (12) and that the transverse pin (16) is disposed inside the sleeve (15).
  9. Rotor blade according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that a metallic disc (17) is provided at at least one end of the hole (12), in concentric relationship with the longitudinal axis of the hole (12).
  10. Rotor for a wind power installation, having a rotor hub and at least one rotor blade fastened to the rotor hub,
    characterised in that the at least one rotor blade (2) is configured in accordance with any one of the preceding claims.
  11. Rotor blade according to claim 10,
    characterised in that the rotor hub (11) has a peripherally extending flange (4) of substantially T-shaped cross-section for connection of the rotor blade (2), and the rotor blade (2) is screwed to the flange (4) by means of a plurality of tension elements (20, 22) connected to transverse pins (16) disposed in the rotor blade (2).
  12. Rotor according to claim 11,
    characterised in that the tension elements (20, 22) are disposed in pairs parallel to each other and in two rows disposed in substantially concentric relationship with each other.
  13. Wind power installation,
    characterised by a rotor blade (2) in accordance with any one of the preceding claims and/or characterised by a rotor (9) in accordance with any one of the preceding claims.
EP04732943A 2003-05-28 2004-05-14 Rotor blade connection Expired - Lifetime EP1636490B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

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PL04732943T PL1636490T3 (en) 2003-05-28 2004-05-14 Rotor blade connection
SI200431079T SI1636490T1 (en) 2003-05-28 2004-05-14 Rotor blade connection
CY20091100578T CY1109115T1 (en) 2003-05-28 2009-05-29 ROUTE WING CONNECTION

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE10324166A DE10324166B4 (en) 2003-05-28 2003-05-28 Rotor blade connection
PCT/EP2004/005166 WO2004106732A1 (en) 2003-05-28 2004-05-14 Rotor blade connection

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EP1636490B1 true EP1636490B1 (en) 2009-04-08

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JP (1) JP4220547B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100736154B1 (en)
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AR (1) AR044451A1 (en)
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AU (1) AU2004243414B2 (en)
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CY (1) CY1109115T1 (en)
DE (2) DE10324166B4 (en)
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AU2004243414A1 (en) 2004-12-09
NO329056B1 (en) 2010-08-02
KR100736154B1 (en) 2007-07-06
MXPA05012670A (en) 2006-02-22
DE10324166B4 (en) 2005-05-04
EP1636490A1 (en) 2006-03-22
CN1795331A (en) 2006-06-28
DK1636490T3 (en) 2009-06-15
AR044451A1 (en) 2005-09-14
CA2526729A1 (en) 2004-12-09
ATE428050T1 (en) 2009-04-15
BRPI0410591A (en) 2006-06-20
SI1636490T1 (en) 2009-06-30
AU2004243414B2 (en) 2007-11-29
WO2004106732A1 (en) 2004-12-09
NO20056156L (en) 2006-02-27
CA2526729C (en) 2010-07-20
DE502004009318D1 (en) 2009-05-20
JP2006526107A (en) 2006-11-16
PT1636490E (en) 2009-05-14
CY1109115T1 (en) 2014-07-02
JP4220547B2 (en) 2009-02-04
DE10324166A1 (en) 2004-12-23
NZ543685A (en) 2010-05-28
ES2322262T3 (en) 2009-06-18
KR20060023971A (en) 2006-03-15
ZA200509168B (en) 2006-08-30
US20070122283A1 (en) 2007-05-31
CN100447406C (en) 2008-12-31
PL1636490T3 (en) 2009-09-30
US7722328B2 (en) 2010-05-25

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