EP1615247A1 - Arc extinguishing device for circuit breaker - Google Patents

Arc extinguishing device for circuit breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1615247A1
EP1615247A1 EP04405431A EP04405431A EP1615247A1 EP 1615247 A1 EP1615247 A1 EP 1615247A1 EP 04405431 A EP04405431 A EP 04405431A EP 04405431 A EP04405431 A EP 04405431A EP 1615247 A1 EP1615247 A1 EP 1615247A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arc
contact
current
bridge
quenching device
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Granted
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EP04405431A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1615247B1 (en
Inventor
Tudor Baiatu
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ABB Schweiz AG
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ABB Schweiz AG
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Priority to ES04405431T priority Critical patent/ES2312947T3/en
Priority to AT04405431T priority patent/ATE407441T1/en
Priority to EP04405431A priority patent/EP1615247B1/en
Priority to DE502004007984T priority patent/DE502004007984D1/en
Priority to US11/152,257 priority patent/US7220933B2/en
Priority to CNB2005100798794A priority patent/CN100527302C/en
Publication of EP1615247A1 publication Critical patent/EP1615247A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1615247B1 publication Critical patent/EP1615247B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/42—Impedances connected with contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of power switches for low voltage distribution networks. It relates to an arc quenching device for circuit breaker according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • installation circuit-breakers are used to rapidly and reliably protect low-voltage lines, motors, equipment, and equipment from the effects of overload and short-circuit currents. They generally comprise a bimetallic thermal release and a solenoid with a coil and a hammer, and preferably a double-break contact arrangement, i. with two series-connected contact points per pole with associated arc extinguishing chambers.
  • a normal circuit breaker has a contact point, which is formed of a fixed and a movable contact piece.
  • the contact point is located in a so-called prechamber, to which a quenching chamber with an arc splitter stack connects.
  • the foot points of the arc are routed away from the fixed and movable contact pieces via arc runners to the arc splitter stack.
  • the arc itself already acts to limit the current. It expands immediately after opening the contact point and its inlet velocity into the arc splitter stack is further dependent on the so-called own blowing, ie the generated by the arc itself magnetic blowing field, the pressure conditions in the arc, the shape of the rails and the choice of contact material.
  • WO 99/14776 a switching device with two series-connected and driven by a rotational movement contact points is described. Electrically parallel to a first contact point, a permanent parallel contact path with a flexible conductor piece and a block-shaped element made of a polymer PTC resistor for improved current limitation is provided. If the two contact points open, an arc forms over the second contact point, while the current to be disconnected flows parallel to the first contact point through the polymer PTC resistor and is limited by this.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide an arc quenching device with improved current limiting and reduced heat loss, in which the movable contact piece is spared from increased burnup and wear.
  • This object is achieved by an arc quenching device for circuit breaker with the features of claim 1 and a protective circuit with the features of claim 10. Further advantageous embodiments will become apparent from the dependent claims.
  • the essence of the invention is to provide an erase path with an arc track and a current-limiting element on the side of the movable contact piece of a contact point and form such that an arc base of the movable bridge contact can easily switch or commutate the arc track.
  • a second arc runner is provided, which immediately, i. without a galvanic separation point, connects to the immovable contact piece of the contact point and directs the second base point of the arc to the arc extinguishing chamber.
  • a second fixed contact via a movable conductor or a joint with the contact bridge is electrically connected.
  • a contact arrangement with double interruption on a second contact point so that two arcs emanating from two series-connected bridge contacts on the movable contact bridge.
  • Such a configuration is particularly easy to implement by operating the second-contact arc-extinguishing device in a conventional double-breaker circuit breaker, i. at least the corresponding splitter stack, is replaced by the current-limiting element, while the quenching chamber of the first contact point remains unchanged.
  • the second quenching chamber is thus short-circuited by a current-limiting conductor loop.
  • the current-limiting element is formed by a dimensionally stable conductor loop which is shaped such that at least in a blowing section the current direction of the cut-off current to be limited fails parallel to the current direction in the adjacent arc to be extinguished. This creates a magnetic blowing action on the latter, i. the running properties of the arc in the opposite antechamber are favored.
  • the erase path in nominal operation, ie when the switch contact is closed, no current, this does not affect the intrinsic impedance of the switch and hampers due to their low initial or cold resistance of a few m ⁇ and the commutation of the Arc on the appropriate arc track not. After the arc has commutated, the erase path is also current-flowed, as a result of which its impedance increases, limits the turn-off current and allows a simpler and safer erasure.
  • FIG. 1 shows an oblique view of a preferred embodiment of the inventive extinguishing device based on a circuit breaker with double interruption.
  • a first terminal leads via the coil of a short-circuit current release (both not shown) and a first connection conductor 11 to a first fixed contact 21. This is in the closed switch position (not shown) in electrical contact with a first bridge contact 31 of a movable fork-shaped contact bridge 3.
  • a second Bridge contact 32 of the contact bridge 3 is in the closed switch position in contact with a second fixed contact 22, which leads via a second connecting conductor 12 on to an overcurrent release, not shown, and to a second terminal. Both contact points formed by a fixed and bridge contact each have a first or second prechamber assigned.
  • the extinguishing device shown in Figure 1 is based on a circuit breaker with double break.
  • a second contact point is formed by a second bridge contact 32 and the second fixed contact 22, to which a second bridge-side arc runner rail 62 and a second connection-side arc runner rail 52 connect. While in a conventional circuit breaker, a second arc is passed to a second arc splitter stack at the end of the rails 52,62, the quenching plates are replaced by a current-limiting element 8 in a modified according to the invention switching device.
  • the current-limiting element 8 has the form of a dimensionally stable conductor loop. From this conductor loop, a so-called blowing section 81 comes spatially closest to the first pre-chamber and thus to the arc to be extinguished.
  • the identical current flow direction in the blowing section 81 and the arc provides an additional magnetic blowing or suction action on the arc.
  • the current-limiting element 8 comprises a conductor with an electrical resistance which increases with increasing current, that is, for example metals with a positive linear or non-linear temperature coefficient of resistivity such as copper, iron, nickel, aluminum and alloys based on at least one of these metals, or the metallic alloys based on Ni, Co, Fe, known as PTC resistor (positive temperature coefficient), such as NiCr, NiMn, NiFe, NiCrMn, NiCo, NiCoFe, CoFe, CrAlFe, or even ceramic materials.
  • PTC resistor positive temperature coefficient
  • PTC thermistor is based on a polymer composite whose polymer matrix is filled with a mixture of carbon, a metal such as Ni, and a boride, silicide, oxide or carbide such as TiC 2 , TiB 2 , MoSi 2 , V 2 O 3 . It is important that the initial or cold resistance is not too high and the commutation of the arc on the bridge side rail 61 and the concomitant commissioning of the erase path is not hindered.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Abstract

The device has first and second fixed contacts for connection to the terminals of a circuit breaker, a contact path between the fixed contacts that carries current with the switch closed with a movable contact bridge with a first bridge contact forming a first contact point with the first bridge contact, a fore chamber with a first spark rail for accepting a spark formed when the first contact point opens and a quenching chamber connected to the fore chamber. A current path with no current with the switch closed contains the first spark rail and a current-limiting element. The quenching path is connected to the second fixed contact and the first spark rail is designed to receive a spark foot point from the first bridge contact. An independent claim is also included for a protection circuit with a circuit breaker.

Description

TECHNISCHES GEBIETTECHNICAL AREA

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf das Gebiet der Leistungsschalter für Niederspannungsverteilungsnetze. Sie betrifft eine Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung für Schutzschalter gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The present invention relates to the field of power switches for low voltage distribution networks. It relates to an arc quenching device for circuit breaker according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART

In Niederspannungsverteilnetzen dienen Installationseinbauschalter dem raschen und zuverlässigen Schutz von unter Niederspannung stehenden Leitungen, Motoren, Apparaten und Anlagen vor den Folgen von Überlast und Kurzschlussströmen. Sie weisen im Allgemeinen einen thermischen Auslöser mit einem Bimetall und einen elektromagnetischen Auslöser mit einer Spule und einem Schlaganker auf sowie vorzugsweise eine Kontaktanordnung mit Doppelunterbrechung, d.h. mit zwei in Serie geschalteten Kontaktstellen je Pol mit zugeordneten Lichtbogenlöschkammern.In low-voltage distribution networks, installation circuit-breakers are used to rapidly and reliably protect low-voltage lines, motors, equipment, and equipment from the effects of overload and short-circuit currents. They generally comprise a bimetallic thermal release and a solenoid with a coil and a hammer, and preferably a double-break contact arrangement, i. with two series-connected contact points per pole with associated arc extinguishing chambers.

Bei derartigen Schaltgeräten ist für die Lebensdauer und Schaltleistung von entscheidender Bedeutung, dass der beim Öffnen der Kontakte entstehende Lichtbogen nicht auf den Kontaktstücken verharrt, sondern möglichst schnell in einen Löschkammerbereich geführt wird, wo eine Kühlung und Löschung des Lichtbogens erfolgt. Jedes Verharren des Lichtbogens auf den Kontaktstücken, auch im Millisekundenbereich, führt zu erhöhtem Abbrand und Abnutzung der Kontaktstücke.In such switching devices is for the life and switching capacity of crucial importance that the resulting arc when opening the contacts does not remain on the contact pieces, but as fast as possible in a quenching chamber area, where a cooling and extinguishing of the arc takes place. Any persistence of the arc on the contact pieces, even in the millisecond range, leads to increased burnup and wear of the contact pieces.

Ein normaler Leitungsschutzschalter besitzt eine Kontaktstelle, die aus einem festen und einem beweglichen Kontaktstück gebildet ist. Die Kontaktstelle befindet sich in einer sogenannten Vorkammer, an welche eine Löschkammer mit einem Lichtbogenlöschblechpaket anschliesst. Die Fusspunkte des Lichtbogens werden von dem festen und dem beweglichen Kontaktstück weg über Lichtbogenlaufschienen zu dem Lichtbogenlöschblechpaket geleitet. Der Lichtbogen selbst wirkt dabei bereits strombegrenzend. Er weitet sich unmittelbar nach der Öffnung der Kontaktstelle auf und seine Einlaufgeschwindigkeit in das Lichtbogenlöschblechpaket ist im Weiteren abhängig von der sogenannten Eigenblasung, d.h. dem durch den Lichtbogen selbst erzeugten magnetischen Blasfeld, den Druckverhältnissen im Lichtbogen, der Formgebung der Laufschienen und der Wahl des Kontaktmaterials.A normal circuit breaker has a contact point, which is formed of a fixed and a movable contact piece. The contact point is located in a so-called prechamber, to which a quenching chamber with an arc splitter stack connects. The foot points of the arc are routed away from the fixed and movable contact pieces via arc runners to the arc splitter stack. The arc itself already acts to limit the current. It expands immediately after opening the contact point and its inlet velocity into the arc splitter stack is further dependent on the so-called own blowing, ie the generated by the arc itself magnetic blowing field, the pressure conditions in the arc, the shape of the rails and the choice of contact material.

In der WO 99/14776 ist ein Schaltgerät mit zwei in Serie geschalteten und durch eine Rotationsbewegung angetriebenen Kontaktstellen beschrieben. Elektrisch parallel zu einer ersten Kontaktstelle ist ein permanenter Parallelkontaktpfad mit einem flexiblen Leiterstück und einem blockförmigen Element aus einem Polymer-PTC Widerstand zur verbesserten Strombegrenzung vorgesehen. Öffnen sich die beiden Kontaktstellen, so bildet sich ein Lichtbogen über der zweiten Kontaktstelle, währenddem der abzuschaltende Strom parallel zur ersten Kontaktstelle durch den Polymer-PTC Widerstand fliesst und durch diesen begrenzt wird.In WO 99/14776 a switching device with two series-connected and driven by a rotational movement contact points is described. Electrically parallel to a first contact point, a permanent parallel contact path with a flexible conductor piece and a block-shaped element made of a polymer PTC resistor for improved current limitation is provided. If the two contact points open, an arc forms over the second contact point, while the current to be disconnected flows parallel to the first contact point through the polymer PTC resistor and is limited by this.

Aus dem Patent US 5,877,467 ist ein Schutzschalter mit einem einfachen Schaltkontakt und einem strombegrenzenden Löschpfad bekannt. Letzterer umfasst eine Lichtbogenlaufschiene und ein strombegrenzendes, blockförmiges Element aus einem Polymer-PTC Widerstand, welches auf einen zu einer Anschlussklemme führenden Verbindungsleiter geschraubt ist. Im Unterschied zum vorgenannten Fall ist dieses Element im Nennbetrieb nicht stromführend, so dass dann keine unerwünschte Joul'sche Wärme produziert wird. Beim Öffnen der Kontakte kommutiert ein Lichtbogenfusspunkt von einem feststehenden Kontakt auf eine Lichtbogenleitschiene, und der die Schalthandlung auslösende Überstrom fliesst durch das strombegrenzende Element und wird dadurch begrenzt. Demgegenüber verharrt der gegenüberliegende Lichtbogenfusspunkt während dem gesamten Löschvorgang auf dem beweglichen Kontaktstück.From patent US 5,877,467 a circuit breaker with a simple switching contact and a current-limiting erase path is known. The latter comprises an arc runner and a current-limiting, block-shaped element of a polymer PTC resistor, which is screwed onto a connecting conductor leading to a terminal. In contrast to the above case, this element is not energized in nominal operation, so that then no unwanted Joule heat is produced. When the contacts are opened, an arc root commutes from a fixed contact on an arc guide rail, and the overcurrent triggering the switching action flows through the current limiting element and is thereby limited. In contrast, the opposite arc root point remains during the entire deletion on the movable contact piece.

DARSTELLUNG DER ERFINDUNGPRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung mit verbesserter Strombegrenzung und verringerten Wärmeverlusten anzugeben, bei welcher das bewegliche Kontaktstück vor erhöhtem Abbrand und Abnutzung verschont wird. Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung für Schutzschalter mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie eine Schutzschaltung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 10 gelöst. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen gehen aus den abhängigen Patentansprüchen hervor.Object of the present invention is to provide an arc quenching device with improved current limiting and reduced heat loss, in which the movable contact piece is spared from increased burnup and wear. This object is achieved by an arc quenching device for circuit breaker with the features of claim 1 and a protective circuit with the features of claim 10. Further advantageous embodiments will become apparent from the dependent claims.

Kern der Erfindung ist es, einen Löschpfad mit einer Lichtbogenlaufschiene und einem strombegrenzenden Element auf der Seite des beweglichen Kontaktstückes einer Kontaktstelle vorzusehen und derart auszubilden, dass ein Lichtbogenfusspunkt von dem beweglichen Brückenkontakt leicht auf die Lichtbogenlaufschiene wechseln oder kommutieren kann.The essence of the invention is to provide an erase path with an arc track and a current-limiting element on the side of the movable contact piece of a contact point and form such that an arc base of the movable bridge contact can easily switch or commutate the arc track.

In einer ersten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung ist eine zweite Lichtbogenlaufschiene vorgesehen, welche unmittelbar, d.h. ohne eine galvanische Trennstelle, an das unbewegliche Kontaktstück der Kontaktstelle anschliesst und den zweiten Fusspunkt des Lichtbogens zur Lichtbogenlöschkammer leitet.In a first embodiment of the arc quenching device according to the invention, a second arc runner is provided, which immediately, i. without a galvanic separation point, connects to the immovable contact piece of the contact point and directs the second base point of the arc to the arc extinguishing chamber.

Bei einem Einfachkontakt ist ein zweiter Festkontakt über einen beweglichen Leiter oder ein Gelenk mit der Kontaktbrücke elektrisch leitend verbunden. Demgegenüber weist eine Kontaktanordnung mit Doppelunterbrechung eine zweite Kontaktstelle auf, so dass von zwei in Serie geschalteten Brückenkontakten auf der beweglichen Kontaktbrücke zwei Lichtbogen ausgehen. Sobald der Lichtbogen der ersten Kontaktstelle beziehungsweise sein brückenseitiger Fusspunkt auf die erfindungsgemässe Lichtbogenlaufschiene gewechselt hat, erlischt der kurzgeschlossene Lichtbogen der zweiten Kontaktstelle.In a single contact, a second fixed contact via a movable conductor or a joint with the contact bridge is electrically connected. In contrast, a contact arrangement with double interruption on a second contact point, so that two arcs emanating from two series-connected bridge contacts on the movable contact bridge. As soon as the arc of the first contact point or its bridge-side foot point has changed to the inventive arc runner, the short-circuited arc of the second contact point extinguishes.

Eine derartige Konfiguration lässt sich besonders einfach realisieren, indem in einem konventionellen Schutzschalter mit Doppelunterbrechung die Lichtbogenlöschvorrichtung der zweiten Kontaktstelle, d.h. zumindest das entsprechende Löschblechpaket, durch das strombegrenzende Element ersetzt wird, währenddem die Löschkammer der ersten Kontaktstelle unverändert bleibt. Die zweite Löschkammer wird also durch eine strombegrenzende Leiterschlaufe kurzgeschlossen. Auf diese Weise ergeben sich bis auf die Modifikation der Löschkammer keinerlei weiteren Anpassungsanforderungen, so dass der erfindungsgemäss modifizierte Schalter kostengünstig hergestellt werden kann.Such a configuration is particularly easy to implement by operating the second-contact arc-extinguishing device in a conventional double-breaker circuit breaker, i. at least the corresponding splitter stack, is replaced by the current-limiting element, while the quenching chamber of the first contact point remains unchanged. The second quenching chamber is thus short-circuited by a current-limiting conductor loop. In this way, apart from the modification of the quenching chamber, there are no further adaptation requirements, so that the switch modified according to the invention can be produced inexpensively.

Bevorzugt wird das strombegrenzende Element durch eine formsteife Leiterschleife gebildet, welche derart geformt ist, dass zumindest in einem Blasabschnitt die Stromrichtung des zu begrenzenden Abschaltstromes parallel zur Stromrichtung im benachbarten, zu löschenden Lichtbogen ausfällt. Dadurch wird eine magnetische Blaswirkung auf Letzteren erzeugt, d.h. die Laufeigenschaften des Lichtbogens in der gegenüberliegenden Vorkammer werden begünstigt.Preferably, the current-limiting element is formed by a dimensionally stable conductor loop which is shaped such that at least in a blowing section the current direction of the cut-off current to be limited fails parallel to the current direction in the adjacent arc to be extinguished. This creates a magnetic blowing action on the latter, i. the running properties of the arc in the opposite antechamber are favored.

Da der Löschpfad im Nennbetrieb, d.h. bei geschlossenem Schaltkontakt, keinen Strom führt, beeinflusst dies die Eigenimpedanz des Schalters nicht und behindert infolge ihres geringen Anfangs- oder Kaltwiderstandes von einigen mΩ auch die Kommutierung des Lichtbogens auf die entsprechende Lichtbogenlaufschiene nicht. Nach erfolgter Kommutierung des Lichtbogens ist auch der Löschpfad stromdurchflossen, in der Folge nimmt dessen Impedanz zu, begrenzt den Abschaltstrom und erlaubt ein einfacheres und sichereres Löschen.Since the erase path in nominal operation, ie when the switch contact is closed, no current, this does not affect the intrinsic impedance of the switch and hampers due to their low initial or cold resistance of a few mΩ and the commutation of the Arc on the appropriate arc track not. After the arc has commutated, the erase path is also current-flowed, as a result of which its impedance increases, limits the turn-off current and allows a simpler and safer erasure.

Zur weiteren Verbesserung des Abschaltvermögens kann in Serie zu einem wie vorgehend beschriebenen modifizierten Schalter ein weiterer konventioneller Schalter mit reiner Lichtbogenstrombegrenzung, dafür bevorzugt mit Doppelunterbrechung, vorgesehen werden. Diese Schutzschalterkombination zeigt infolge der zusätzlich erzeugten Löschspannung des modifizierten Schaltgerätes ein deutlich verbessertes Strombegrenzungsverhalten im Vergleich zu dem Strombegrenzungsverhalten eines konventionellen Schutzschalters allein.To further improve the Abschaltvermögens another conventional switch with pure arc current limiting, preferably with double interruption, can be provided in series with a modified as previously described modified switch. This circuit breaker combination shows due to the additionally generated erase voltage of the modified switching device significantly improved current limiting behavior compared to the current limiting behavior of a conventional circuit breaker alone.

KURZE BESCHREIBUNG DER FIGURENBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen im Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt Fig. 1 eine Schrägaufsicht einer bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Löscheinrichtung basierend auf einem Schutzschalter mit Doppelunterbrechung.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments in conjunction with the drawings. 1 shows an oblique view of a preferred embodiment of the inventive extinguishing device based on a circuit breaker with double interruption.

Die in der Zeichnung verwendeten Bezugszeichen sind in der Bezugszeichenliste zusammengefasst.The reference numerals used in the drawings are summarized in the list of reference numerals.

WEGE ZUR AUSFÜHRUNG DER ERFINDUNGWAYS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Fig.1 zeigt einen Ausschnitt aus einem ein- oder mehrpoligen Schutzschalter mit zwei in Serie geschalteten Schaltkontakten je Pol. Eine erste Anschlussklemme führt über die Spule eines Kurzschlussstromauslösers (beide nicht dargestellt) und einen ersten Verbindungsleiter 11 zu einem ersten Festkontakt 21. Dieser ist in geschlossener Schalterstellung (nicht gezeigt) in elektrischem Kontakt mit einem ersten Brückenkontakt 31 einer beweglichen gabelförmigen Kontaktbrücke 3. Ein zweiter Brückenkontakt 32 der Kontaktbrücke 3 ist in geschlossener Schalterstellung in Kontakt mit einem zweiten Festkontakt 22, welcher über einen zweiten Verbindungsleiter 12 weiter zu einem nicht dargestellten Überstromauslöser und zu einer zweiten Anschlussklemme führt. Beiden durch je einen Fest- und Brückenkontakt gebildeten Kontaktstellen ist jeweils eine erste beziehungsweise zweite Vorkammer zugeordnet.1 shows a section of a single- or multi-pole circuit breaker with two series-connected switching contacts per pole. A first terminal leads via the coil of a short-circuit current release (both not shown) and a first connection conductor 11 to a first fixed contact 21. This is in the closed switch position (not shown) in electrical contact with a first bridge contact 31 of a movable fork-shaped contact bridge 3. A second Bridge contact 32 of the contact bridge 3 is in the closed switch position in contact with a second fixed contact 22, which leads via a second connecting conductor 12 on to an overcurrent release, not shown, and to a second terminal. Both contact points formed by a fixed and bridge contact each have a first or second prechamber assigned.

Wird im Kurzschluss- oder Überstromfall durch den Kurzschlussstromauslöser oder den Überstromauslöser die Kontaktbrücke 3 von den Festkontakten 21,22 wegbewegt, bilden sich zwischen den Festkontakten 21,22 und den Brückenkontakten 31,32 zwei gegensinnig vom Abschaltstrom durchflossene Lichtbogen aus. Der brückenseitige Fusspunkt des ersten Lichtbogens wird in der Folge vom Brückenkontakt 31 auf die brückenseitige Lichtbogenlaufschiene 61 kommutieren oder "springen". Durch die Form der (in der Anordnung nach Fig. 1,, unteren ") brückenseitigen Lichtbogenlaufschiene 61 sowie der mit dem Festkontakt 21 verbundenen (in der Anordnung nach Fig.1 "oberen") anschlussseitigen Lichtbogenlaufschiene 51 begünstigt, wandert der erste Lichtbogen zwischen der ersten anschlussseitigen Lichtbogenlaufschiene 51 und der ersten brückenseitigen Lichtbogenlaufschiene 61 in Richtung einer ersten Lichtbogenlöschkammer 71 mit nicht dargestellten Lichtbogenlöschblechpaketen, wo er in Teillichtbögen aufgeteilt und gelöscht wird.If the contact bridge 3 is moved away from the fixed contacts 21, 22 in the event of a short circuit or overcurrent due to the short-circuit current release or the overcurrent release, two arcs flowing in opposite directions from the cut-off current form between the fixed contacts 21, 22 and the bridge contacts 31, 32. The bridge-side foot of the first arc will commute or "jump" in the sequence of the bridge contact 31 on the bridge-side arc runner 61. Due to the shape of the (in the arrangement of FIG. 1 "lower") bridge-side arc runner 61 and connected to the fixed contact 21 (in the arrangement of Figure 1 "upper") favors side connection arc rail 51, the first arc moves between the first terminal-side arc runner 51 and the first bridge-side arc runner 61 in the direction of a first arc quenching chamber 71 with not shown arc splitter stacks, where it is divided into partial arcs and deleted.

Die in Fig.1 dargestellte Löscheinrichtung basiert auf einem Schutzschalter mit Doppelunterbrechung. Eine zweite Kontaktstelle wird gebildet durch einen zweiten Brückenkontakt 32 und den zweiten Festkontakt 22, an welche eine zweite brückenseitige Lichtbogenlaufschiene 62 und eine zweite anschlussseitige Lichtbogenlaufschiene 52 anschliessen. Während bei einem konventionellen Schutzschalter ein zweiter Lichtbogen zu einem zweiten Lichtbogenlöschblechpaket am Ende der Laufschienen 52,62 geleitet wird, sind bei einem erfindungsgemäss modifizierten Schaltgerät die Löschbleche durch ein strombegrenzendes Element 8 ersetzt.The extinguishing device shown in Figure 1 is based on a circuit breaker with double break. A second contact point is formed by a second bridge contact 32 and the second fixed contact 22, to which a second bridge-side arc runner rail 62 and a second connection-side arc runner rail 52 connect. While in a conventional circuit breaker, a second arc is passed to a second arc splitter stack at the end of the rails 52,62, the quenching plates are replaced by a current-limiting element 8 in a modified according to the invention switching device.

In der bevorzugten Ausführungsform nach Fig.1 hat das strombegrenzende Element 8 die Form einer formsteifen Leiterschlaufe. Von dieser Leiterschlaufe kommt ein sogenannter Blasabschnitt 81 räumlich am nächsten zur ersten Vorkammer und somit zu dem zu löschenden Lichtbogen zu liegen. Die identische Stromflussrichtung im Blasabschnitt 81 und dem Lichtbogen sorgt für eine zusätzliche magnetische Blas- oder Sogwirkung auf den Lichtbogen.In the preferred embodiment according to Figure 1, the current-limiting element 8 has the form of a dimensionally stable conductor loop. From this conductor loop, a so-called blowing section 81 comes spatially closest to the first pre-chamber and thus to the arc to be extinguished. The identical current flow direction in the blowing section 81 and the arc provides an additional magnetic blowing or suction action on the arc.

Das strombegrenzende Element 8 umfasst einen Leiter mit einem elektrischen Widerstand, welcher mit zunehmender Stromstärke ansteigt, also beispielsweise Metalle mit einem positiven linearen oder nichtlinearen Temperaturkoeffizienten des spezifischen Widerstandes wie Kupfer, Eisen, Nickel, Aluminium sowie Legierungen auf der Basis mindestens einer dieser Metalle, oder die als Kaltleiter oder PTC-Widerstand (positiv temperature coefficient) bekannten metallischen Legierungen auf der Basis von Ni, Co, Fe, wie NiCr, NiMn, NiFe, NiCrMn, NiCo, NiCoFe, CoFe, CrAlFe, oder auch keramischen Werkstoffe. Ein weiterer derartiger Kaltleiter beruht auf einem Polymerkomposit, dessen Polymermatrix gefüllt ist mit einem Gemisch aus Kohlenstoff, einem Metall wie beispielsweise Ni, sowie einem Borid, Silizid, Oxid oder Karbid wie beispielsweise TiC2, TiB2, MoSi2, V2O3. Wichtig ist dabei, dass der Anfangs- oder Kaltwiderstand nicht zu hoch ist und die Kommutierung des Lichtbogens auf die brückenseitigen Laufschiene 61 und die damit einhergehende Inbetriebnahme des Löschpfades nicht behindert wird.The current-limiting element 8 comprises a conductor with an electrical resistance which increases with increasing current, that is, for example metals with a positive linear or non-linear temperature coefficient of resistivity such as copper, iron, nickel, aluminum and alloys based on at least one of these metals, or the metallic alloys based on Ni, Co, Fe, known as PTC resistor (positive temperature coefficient), such as NiCr, NiMn, NiFe, NiCrMn, NiCo, NiCoFe, CoFe, CrAlFe, or even ceramic materials. Another such PTC thermistor is based on a polymer composite whose polymer matrix is filled with a mixture of carbon, a metal such as Ni, and a boride, silicide, oxide or carbide such as TiC 2 , TiB 2 , MoSi 2 , V 2 O 3 . It is important that the initial or cold resistance is not too high and the commutation of the arc on the bridge side rail 61 and the concomitant commissioning of the erase path is not hindered.

BEZUGSZEICHENLISTELIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1111
Erster VerbindungsleiterFirst connection conductor
1212
Zweiter VerbindungsleiterSecond connection conductor
2121
Erster FestkontaktFirst fixed contact
2222
Zweiter FestkontaktSecond fixed contact
33
KontaktbrückeContact bridge
3131
Erster BrückenkontaktFirst bridge contact
3232
Zweiter BrückenkontaktSecond bridge contact
5151
Erste anschlussseitige LichtbogenlaufschieneFirst connection-side arc runner
6161
Erste brückenseitige LichtbogenlaufschieneFirst bridge-side arc runner
5252
Zweite anschlussseitige LichtbogenlaufschieneSecond connection-side arc runner
6262
Zweite brückenseitige LichtbogenlaufschieneSecond bridge-side arc runner
7171
LichtbogenlöschkammerArc chute
88th
Strombegrenzendes ElementCurrent limiting element
8181
Blasabschnittblowing section

Claims (10)

Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung für Schutzschalter, umfassend - einen ersten und einen zweiten Festkontakt (21,22), welche je mit Anschlussklemmen des Schutzschalters verbindbar sind, - einen im geschlossenen Schalterzustand stromführenden Kontaktpfad zwischen den Festkontakten (21,22), umfassend eine bewegliche Kontaktbrücke (3) mit einem ersten Brückenkontakt (31), welcher mit dem ersten Festkontakt (21) eine erste Kontaktstelle bildet, - eine Vorkammer mit einer ersten Lichtbogenlaufschiene (61) zur Übernahme eines Lichtbogens, welcher sich beim Öffnen der ersten Kontaktstelle ausbildet, und eine an die Vorkammer anschliessende Löschkammer (71) zur Löschung dieses Lichtbogens, - einen in geschlossenem Schalterzustand stromlosen Löschpfad umfassend die erste Lichtbogenlaufschiene (61) und ein strombegrenzendes Element (8),
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Löschpfad mit dem zweiten Festkontakt (22) verbunden ist und die erste Lichtbogenleitschiene (61) zur Übernahme eines brückenseitigen Lichtbogenfusspunkts vom ersten Brückenkontakt (31) ausgebildet ist.Arc quenching device for circuit breaker, comprising - A first and a second fixed contact (21,22), which are each connectable to terminals of the circuit breaker, a current-carrying contact path between the fixed contacts (21, 22) in the closed switch state, comprising a movable contact bridge (3) with a first bridge contact (31) which forms a first contact point with the first fixed contact (21), a pre-chamber with a first arc runner (61) for taking over an arc, which is formed when the first contact point is opened, and an extinguishing chamber (71) adjoining the pre-chamber for extinguishing this arc, a current path which is de-energized in the closed switch state, comprising the first arc run rail (61) and a current-limiting element (8),
characterized in that the erasure path is connected to the second fixed contact (22) and the first arc guide rail (61) for taking over a bridge-side arc root from the first bridge contact (31) is formed. Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine zweite Lichtbogenlaufschiene (51) mit dem ersten Festkontakt (21) verbunden und zur Übernahme eines anschlussseitigen Lichtbogenfusspunkts ausgebildet ist.Arc quenching device according to claim 1, characterized in that a second arc runner rail (51) is connected to the first fixed contact (21) and designed to take over a connection-side arc base point. Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Festkontakt (22) mit einem zweiten Brückenkontakt (32) der Kontaktbrücke (3) eine zweite Kontaktstelle eines Schutzschalters mit Doppelunterbrechung bildet.Arc quenching device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second fixed contact (22) with a second bridge contact (32) of the contact bridge (3) forms a second contact point of a circuit breaker with double interruption. Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Löschpfad eine zweite brückenseitige Lichtbogenlaufschiene (62) und eine zweite anschlussseitige Lichtbogenlaufschiene (52) einer zweiten Vorkammer umfasst und das strombegrenzende Element (8) zwischen den Laufschienen (62,52) an Stelle eines zweiten Lichtbogenlöschblechpakets vorgesehen ist.Arc quenching device according to claim 3, characterized in that the quenching path comprises a second bridge-side arc runner (62) and a second connection-side arc runner rail (52) of a second pre-chamber and the current-limiting element (8) between the slide rails (62,52) instead of a second arc splitter stack is provided. Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das strombegrenzende Element (8) einen Blasabschnitt (81) aufweist, in welchem ein Abschaltstrom parallel zum Lichtbogenstrom im Lichtbogen fliesst.Arc quenching device according to claim 4, characterized in that the current-limiting element (8) has a blowing section (81) in which a cut-off current flows in parallel to the arc current in the arc. Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1-5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das strombegrenzende Element (8) einen Widerstand auf Kupferbasis umfasst.Arc quenching device according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the current-limiting element (8) comprises a copper-based resistor. Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1-5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das strombegrenzende Element (8) einen PTC-Widerstand umfasst.Arc quenching device according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the current-limiting element (8) comprises a PTC resistor. Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1-5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das strombegrenzende Element (8) einen keramischen Werkstoff umfasst.Arc quenching device according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the current-limiting element (8) comprises a ceramic material. Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1-5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das strombegrenzende Element (8) ein Polymerkomposit umfasst.Arc quenching device according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the current-limiting element (8) comprises a polymer composite. Schutzschaltung mit einem ersten Schutzschalter mit einer Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein zweiter Schutzschalter in Serie dazu vorgesehen ist.Protection circuit with a first circuit breaker with an arc quenching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a second circuit breaker is provided in series thereto.
EP04405431A 2004-07-08 2004-07-08 Arc extinguishing device for circuit breaker Expired - Lifetime EP1615247B1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES04405431T ES2312947T3 (en) 2004-07-08 2004-07-08 ELECTRIC ARC EXTINGUISHING DEVICE FOR PROTECTION SWITCHES.
AT04405431T ATE407441T1 (en) 2004-07-08 2004-07-08 ARC EXTINGUISHING DEVICE FOR CIRCUIT BREAKERS
EP04405431A EP1615247B1 (en) 2004-07-08 2004-07-08 Arc extinguishing device for circuit breaker
DE502004007984T DE502004007984D1 (en) 2004-07-08 2004-07-08 Arc quenching device for circuit breaker
US11/152,257 US7220933B2 (en) 2004-07-08 2005-06-15 Arc quenching device for circuit breakers
CNB2005100798794A CN100527302C (en) 2004-07-08 2005-06-29 Arc extinguishing device for circuit breaker

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04405431A EP1615247B1 (en) 2004-07-08 2004-07-08 Arc extinguishing device for circuit breaker

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1615247A1 true EP1615247A1 (en) 2006-01-11
EP1615247B1 EP1615247B1 (en) 2008-09-03

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US (1) US7220933B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1615247B1 (en)
CN (1) CN100527302C (en)
AT (1) ATE407441T1 (en)
DE (1) DE502004007984D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2312947T3 (en)

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Also Published As

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ES2312947T3 (en) 2009-03-01
ATE407441T1 (en) 2008-09-15
CN100527302C (en) 2009-08-12
US20060006145A1 (en) 2006-01-12
DE502004007984D1 (en) 2008-10-16
US7220933B2 (en) 2007-05-22
EP1615247B1 (en) 2008-09-03
CN1719562A (en) 2006-01-11

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