EP1613933A1 - Anordnung zur optischen abstandsbestimmung einer reflektierenden oberfläche - Google Patents
Anordnung zur optischen abstandsbestimmung einer reflektierenden oberflächeInfo
- Publication number
- EP1613933A1 EP1613933A1 EP04725284A EP04725284A EP1613933A1 EP 1613933 A1 EP1613933 A1 EP 1613933A1 EP 04725284 A EP04725284 A EP 04725284A EP 04725284 A EP04725284 A EP 04725284A EP 1613933 A1 EP1613933 A1 EP 1613933A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- optical
- arrangement according
- reflecting surface
- light
- optical fiber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
Definitions
- the invention relates to an arrangement for optically determining the distance of a reflecting surface, which can be used advantageously in particular for the determination of small changes in distance, as often occur in vibrating systems. It can be used as an optical microphone or hydrophone.
- the light directed in each case onto the reflecting surface is focused in this direction by means of optical elements, so that depending on the respective distance of the reflecting surface, a more or less large light spot can be recorded and this in best case can be completely mapped on the optical detector.
- the size of the image changes accordingly, which, in conjunction with the vignetting on the aperture of the optical fiber for the back-reflected light, results in a corresponding change in the light intensity that can be detected by the optical detector, which is proportional to the respective measurement signal value Distance or a change in distance that has occurred can be evaluated.
- the teaching described there is intended to create a possibility by variation of distances between the end face of the optical fiber, from which light is coupled out and reflected light is coupled, and focusing optical elements are to be adapted to different distance measuring ranges, each with increased measuring sensitivity.
- the divergence of the light radiation which is directed onto the reflecting surface, is an essential measure by which the achievable steepness and the changing light intensity are limited.
- the imaging scale of corresponding optics cannot be reduced arbitrarily, since the light beam divergence in the image space would take on too high values.
- the arrangement according to the invention for optically determining the distance from reflecting surfaces likewise uses at least one optical fiber, via which light from a light source is directed onto a reflecting one
- the optical detector uses the measurable light intensity, which changes as a function of changing distances, as a measure of the respective distance.
- the divergent light which emerges from the first optical fiber is directed by means of a collimating optical element as parallel light beams in the direction of the respective reflecting surface, with at least two between the collimating optical element and the reflecting surface in the direction of the reflecting surface
- Surface focusing optical elements the optical axes of which are aligned parallel to the optical axis of the collimating optical element, are arranged.
- These at least two focusing optical elements are at a constant distance from one another, so that the distances between their optical axes are also kept constant even with a higher number of focusing optical elements.
- focusing optical elements which form a row arrangement at least along one axis or a plurality of rows of such focusing elements form an array arrangement to increase the measurement sensitivity.
- the optical axes and, accordingly, all the focusing optical elements should be arranged equidistant from one another.
- the focusing optical elements should be arranged at an optimized distance from the respective reflecting surface, so that even small changes in distance can be reflected in significantly changing measured light intensities on the optical detector.
- an average distance between focusing optical elements and reflecting surface can be selected so that it matches the respective focal length. point level of the focusing optical elements coincides.
- the distance between the plane in which the focusing optical elements are arranged and the collimating optical element should also be kept constant.
- the respective convex surfaces of the focusing optical elements which can preferably be configured as cylindrical lenses, are aspherically curved.
- Such an aspherical curvature of the convex surface of the collimating optical element is also advantageous.
- the collimating optical element can be designed as a plano-convex lens, the convexly curved surface pointing in the direction of the reflecting surface, the distance of which is to be determined.
- a suitable coupler for the light source and the detector must be used for this.
- the reflecting surface is arranged at a desired or reference distance, at which it is arranged in the focal plane of the reflecting optical elements, the light directed from the optical fiber onto the reflecting surface and reflected from there is completely imaged in this optical fiber and it can a maximum intensity can be detected. Increases or decreases the distance between the reflecting surface is not completely imaged and the intensity reaching the optical detector via the optical fiber is reduced accordingly, so that the detectable reduction in light intensity is a measure of the changed distance.
- At least one further optical fiber is arranged in the vicinity of the designated one optical fiber and can direct light from the reflecting surface onto a further optical detector, the light intensity which can be detected with this optical detector increases with a changing distance as soon as the reflecting surface is outside the Focal plane of the reflective optical elements arranged, that is, has been moved. At the same time, the light intensity that is directed with the other optical fiber via the optical coupler / fiber splitter onto the corresponding optical detector is reduced.
- At least two optical fibers can also be used, which are arranged outside (next to) the optical axis of at least the collimating optical element.
- An optical coupler / fiber splitter on optical fibers can be dispensed with here.
- an optical fiber only directs light onto the reflecting surface and reflected light from there is coupled into one or more additional optical fibers via the optical elements mentioned, and the respective distance-dependent changing light intensity is detected by means of optical detectors.
- cylindrical lenses should can be used as reflective optical elements.
- the end faces of optical fibers can be oriented orthogonally to the optical axis of the respective collimating optical element, which can apply both to the at least one optical fiber for the irradiation of the reflecting surface and to light reflected from this surface.
- optical fibers are aligned parallel to the optical axis of the collimating optical element at least in an area in which light is coupled out and coupled in
- these optical fibers in an obliquely inclined manner with respect to the optical axis of the collimating optical element Align angle, whereby the angle of inclination can be in the range between 2 ° and 8 °.
- at least one optical fiber for reflected light can be adapted to the beam shaping which can be achieved by means of the focusing optical elements, so that an orthogonal alignment of the end face for coupling reflected light to the plane of curvature of the focusing elements can be achieved.
- an optical fiber for the irradiation development of the reflecting surface on the end face on which this light is coupled out, a transmission grating is formed.
- LEDs known per se other incoherent light sources or laser diodes can be used as the light sources, it being generally possible to dispense with polarization or optical filtering.
- the arrangement according to the invention can be used favorably on vibrating systems. It is thus possible to form the reflective surface as part of a membrane or to arrange it in a fixed manner on such a membrane, so that changes in distance which occur due to vibration can be detected when such a membrane vibrates.
- the imaging optics are formed from a collimating optical element and a plurality of focusing optical elements, the latter being to be used in the form of an array arrangement.
- FIG 1 in schematic form an example of an arrangement according to the invention with two optical fibers
- Figure 2 shows an arrangement of two optical fibers using an example of an arrangement according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a diagram of coupling efficiency which changes as a function of a changing distance of a reflecting surface
- Figure 4 shows an example of an arrangement according to the invention with two symmetrical about an optical
- Figure 5 shows another example with an additional beam-shaping optical element
- FIG. 6 shows a spatial representation of the beam-shaping optical element additionally used in the example according to FIG. 5.
- FIG. 1 An example of an arrangement according to the invention is shown in schematic form in FIG. 1
- light from a light source (not shown) is coupled out via an optical fiber 1 and directed in a divergent form onto a collimating optical element 2.
- the parallel light radiation then strikes an array arrangement 3, which is formed from focusing optical elements 3 ′ arranged equidistant from one another.
- the focusing optical elements 3 ' are designed and arranged at a distance from the reflecting surface 4 which is at least in the vicinity of their focal length f.
- the individual images are coupled into the end face of the optical fiber 5 and directed onto an optical detector (not shown) connected to this optical fiber 5 if the reflecting surface 4 is arranged outside the focal plane of the optical elements 3 '. Is the reflective surface Before 4 is arranged in the focal plane of the optical elements 3 ′, all of the light is reflected from the reflecting surface 4 back into the optical fiber 1.
- the light intensity of the reflected light and coupled into the optical fiber 5 is detected and can be used to determine the respective distance of the reflecting surface 4 or any changes in distance that may occur.
- the influencing variables are the focal length F of the collimating optical element 2, the distance D between the collimating optical element 2 and the array arrangement 3 of focusing optical elements 3 ', the focal length f of which is smaller than the focal length F of the collimating optical element 2 is.
- the core can the optical fiber 1 can be mapped upright on itself on a scale of 1: 1.
- the scatter circle radius R of such an arrangement for a point-shaped object is described in a paraxial approximation as follows:
- NA is the numerical aperture of the focusing optical elements 3 ′ of the array arrangement 3 and ⁇ is the deflection of the reflecting surface from the nominal distance from the array arrangement 3.
- the measurement sensitivity can be achieved by increasing the numerical apertures and / or reducing the focal length of the focusing optical elements 3 'and also by increasing the focal length F of the collimating optical element.
- optical fiber 1 from which light from a light source is coupled out and via which collimating ones.
- optical element 2 and array arrangement 3 formed imaging optics onto the reflecting surface 4 and to couple back-reflected light from there into this optical fiber.
- Such an optical fiber is connected to a fiber splitter / light coupler, so that back-reflected light can strike the optical detector.
- FIG. 2 also shows an example in schematic form, in which an optical fiber 1, as a step index multimode fiber with a core diameter of 0.1 mm and a numerical aperture of 0.25 has been used.
- the light radiation decoupled from this optical fiber 1 reaches divergent that of the plano-convex lens forming a collimating optical element 2, the convex surface of which is aspherically curved.
- the plano-convex lens is a commercially available aspherical lens called GELTECH 350240.
- the array arrangement 3 is formed from cylindrical lenses, as focusing optical elements 3 'with a distance of 0.15 mm between their optical axes in each case and with a focal length of 0.2 mm.
- the individual cylindrical lenses have a numerical aperture of 0.35.
- the convexly curved surfaces of the cylindrical lenses, as focusing optical elements 3 ′, are oriented in the direction of the reflecting surface 4. Their curvature is also aspherical with a conical constant of - 2.3.
- Light reflected by the reflecting surface 4 passes this imaging optics in the opposite direction. In this way, reflected light can be coupled into the decentric optical fiber 5, which is arranged at a distance of 0.2 mm from the optical fiber 1 and has a core diameter of 0.2 mm with a numerical aperture of 0.37.
- the intensity of the respective deflection / the respective distance of the reflecting surface 4 from a target distance of 0.2 mm is shown in the form of a diagram in FIG.
- FIG. 4 shows a possible embodiment in which two optical fibers 1 and 5 are decentered about the optical axis of the collimating optical element 2. It can thereby be achieved that if the reflecting surface 4 is at a predefinable desired distance, either a tilting of the reflecting surface 4 or by a decentering of the optical fiber 5, from which light for the irradiation of the reflecting surface 4 is coupled out in relation an increased proportion of light reflected by the reflecting surface 4 can be coupled into the optical fiber 5 on the optical axis of the collimating optical element. A change in the distance of the reflecting surface also brings about a reduction in the intensity coupled into the optical fiber 5 and detectable with the optical detector.
- openings 7 and 7 ' are formed between focusing optical elements 3', which are part of an array arrangement 3 here.
- the focusing optical elements 3 ' can also be arranged at intervals from one another, so that free spaces remain between them.
- a beam-shaping optical element 6 is additionally present between the collimating optical element 2 and the focusing optical elements 3 ', that is to say here the array arrangement 3.
- one or more diffractive or refractive optical elements can also be used.
- a telescopic array arrangement is used.
- FIG. 6 The spatial perspective representation of FIG. 6 clearly shows that the beam-shaping optical element 6 is designed to be square convex on two diametrically opposite surfaces and complementary concave surface regions 6a and 6b on the opposite side, each of which is separated from one another by meniscuses.
- the side of the beam-shaping optical element 6 is arranged with the convexly curved surfaces 6a pointing in the direction of the collimating optical element 2 and with the concave curved surface regions 6b in the direction of the focusing optical elements 3 '.
- the arched surface areas can be arranged and dimensioned such that only focusing optical elements 3 'are irradiated and areas in which openings 7, 7' are arranged are not irradiated.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Optical Distance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10316924 | 2003-04-07 | ||
| DE10323336A DE10323336B8 (de) | 2003-04-07 | 2003-05-23 | Anordnung zur optischen Abstandsbestimmung einer reflektierenden Oberfläche |
| PCT/DE2004/000745 WO2004092692A1 (de) | 2003-04-07 | 2004-04-02 | Anordnung zur optischen abstandsbestimmung einer reflektierenden oberfläche |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1613933A1 true EP1613933A1 (de) | 2006-01-11 |
Family
ID=33300830
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04725284A Withdrawn EP1613933A1 (de) | 2003-04-07 | 2004-04-02 | Anordnung zur optischen abstandsbestimmung einer reflektierenden oberfläche |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7505151B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1613933A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2004092692A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7646490B2 (en) * | 2006-07-25 | 2010-01-12 | Zetetic Institute | Apparatus and method for in situ and ex situ measurement of spatial impulse response of an optical system using phase shifting point-diffraction interferometry |
| DE102006046330A1 (de) * | 2006-09-28 | 2008-04-03 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Polycarbonate und Copolycarbonate mit verbesserter Metallhaftung |
| CN114832500B (zh) * | 2022-05-26 | 2023-08-08 | 河南禾力能源有限公司 | 一种基于木素分离器的优化设备 |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3940608A (en) * | 1974-02-04 | 1976-02-24 | Mechanical Technology Incorporated | Fiber optic displacement measuring apparatus |
| US4334495A (en) | 1978-07-11 | 1982-06-15 | Trw Inc. | Method and apparatus for use in making an object |
| US5073027A (en) * | 1986-09-15 | 1991-12-17 | 3M Fiber Optic Products, Inc. | Fiber optic displacement measuring apparatus |
| US5146515A (en) * | 1990-11-08 | 1992-09-08 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Structure of lens combination for optical fiber fine displacement detecting system |
| US5239178A (en) | 1990-11-10 | 1993-08-24 | Carl Zeiss | Optical device with an illuminating grid and detector grid arranged confocally to an object |
| DE4035799C2 (de) | 1990-11-10 | 1995-10-12 | Groskopf Rudolf Dr Ing | Vorrichtung zur dreidimensionalen optischen Untersuchung eines Objektes |
| IL109589A0 (en) * | 1993-05-14 | 1994-08-26 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Apparatus and method for performing high spatial resolution thin film layer thickness metrology |
-
2004
- 2004-04-02 US US10/552,715 patent/US7505151B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-02 WO PCT/DE2004/000745 patent/WO2004092692A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2004-04-02 EP EP04725284A patent/EP1613933A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2004092692A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7505151B2 (en) | 2009-03-17 |
| US20070052975A1 (en) | 2007-03-08 |
| WO2004092692A1 (de) | 2004-10-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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| 17P | Request for examination filed |
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| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
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| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): DE FR GB |
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| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: IHLEMANN, JUERGEN Inventor name: WEICHENHAIN-SCHRIEVER, RUTH Inventor name: GORELIK, VLADIMIR Inventor name: NIEHOFF, WOLFGANG Inventor name: MICHAELIS, ANDRE Inventor name: HIBBING, MANFRED Inventor name: KUDAEV, SERGEY Inventor name: SCHREIBER, PETER |
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| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
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| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
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