EP1603724A1 - Extrusion facility for producing plastic granules - Google Patents

Extrusion facility for producing plastic granules

Info

Publication number
EP1603724A1
EP1603724A1 EP04719019A EP04719019A EP1603724A1 EP 1603724 A1 EP1603724 A1 EP 1603724A1 EP 04719019 A EP04719019 A EP 04719019A EP 04719019 A EP04719019 A EP 04719019A EP 1603724 A1 EP1603724 A1 EP 1603724A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
main
installation according
homogenization
plastics
branch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04719019A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Marc Guglielmazzi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Polymera SA
Original Assignee
Polymera SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Polymera SA filed Critical Polymera SA
Publication of EP1603724A1 publication Critical patent/EP1603724A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00—Making granules
    • B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
    • B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/0026—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics by agglomeration or compacting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/60—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for feeding, e.g. end guides for the incoming material
    • B29B7/603—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for feeding, e.g. end guides for the incoming material in measured doses, e.g. proportioning of several materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/74—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
    • B29B7/7476—Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants
    • B29B7/748—Plants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/74—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
    • B29B7/7476—Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants
    • B29B7/7485—Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants with consecutive mixers, e.g. with premixing some of the components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/04—Particle-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • B29C48/385—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using two or more serially arranged screws in separate barrels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • B29B2017/0424—Specific disintegrating techniques; devices therefor
    • B29B2017/046—Extruder as pressing tool with calibrated die openings for forming and disintegrating pasty or melted material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/009—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation after shaping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/297—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder at several locations, e.g. using several hoppers or using a separate additive feeding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • B29C48/38—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using two or more serially arranged screws in the same barrel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/76—Venting, drying means; Degassing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2025/00—Use of polymers of vinyl-aromatic compounds or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/26—Scrap or recycled material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an extrusion installation for the production of plastic granules.
  • plasticizing devices comprising a stator and a screw kneading the plastic material received to form a homogeneous paste. These different devices are distinguished by the shape of the threads of the screw, the change of pitch, etc. There are also a series of installations using disc or plate extrusion screw heads creating a mixing of the material.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks and the installation is characterized for this purpose by the fact that it is arranged for the production of granules by homogenizing recovery plastics of different compositions and by the fact that it comprises a main branch into which opens at least two lateral branches, each lateral branch comprising at least one primary preparation line with a mixing screw followed by a plastic material homogenization module connected via a collector to the main branch, the latter comprising a main screw intended for secondary homogenization of the molten plastic materials leading to a granulation device by extrusion.
  • each lateral branch comprises a number n of primary preparation lines, n being included in 2 and 5, preferably 3.
  • outlets of the homogenization modules of each primary preparation line are each connected to an inlet of a collector whose single outlet is connected to a lateral inlet of the main branch , so that the plastics from the primary preparation lines are brought together before being introduced into the main branch.
  • each lateral branch comprises a reduction gear driven by a motor and having n outputs for driving the mixing screws, a clutch device being provided for each of the outputs.
  • the drive of the primary screws is thus synchronized, while allowing repairs and maintenance work on the primary preparation lines during the operation of the installation.
  • each of the homogenization modules comprises a fixed sleeve heated to a predetermined temperature and having a chamber in which is mounted a rotary part secured to one of the mixing screws, a peripheral space provided for the passage of the plastics being arranged around the rotating part and having at least one constriction of its section.
  • the main screw is rotatably mounted in a main sheath comprising a predetermined number of heating sleeves and the main sheath is provided at its rear part with a cooling sleeve and with a rear degassing orifice and in its front part d '' a previous degassing orifice connected to a vacuum pump.
  • Figures 1A, 1B and 1C show plan, side and front views of an installation according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are enlarged plan view of part of the installation.
  • the extrusion installation 10 comprises with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 a chassis 11, with a central main branch 12 and on each side of the lateral branches 14a and 14b. It is intended to produce granules from mixed plastic waste of any kind and composition, from household or industrial sources.
  • the two lateral branches 14a and 14b are each composed of a number n primary preparation lines 15, n being between 2 and 5, preferably 3. These lines 15 are fed by a large feed hopper 16. Each of the two hoppers has n motorized feeding screws 17 ending in a feeding orifice 18 of a primary preparation line 15. Plastics in the form of chips obtained by shredding, grinding, washing and drying are forced to feed into lines 15.
  • each line 15 is oriented pei pendicular to the central branch 12 and has a mixing screw 20 rotatably mounted in a sleeve 21 or stator.
  • the reduction gear 25 has a clutch device 26 allowing each of the outputs 27 and each screw 20 to be uncoupled individually in the event of a breakdown or for maintenance purposes.
  • the screws 20 are double pitched ensuring efficient mixing and transport of chips without backward flow.
  • the sleeves 21 and the central part of the screws 20 are provided with a water circulation device making it possible to maintain a temperature of 40 to 50 ° C. at the level of the primary screws 20.
  • the latter are each connected to a homogenization module.
  • 30 of plastics material which comprises a fixed outer sleeve 31 heated to a predetermined temperature, for example at 250 ° C.
  • This module has an interior chamber 32 comprising substantially conical upstream and downstream terminations.
  • a rotary part 33 secured to the mixing screw 20 is mounted in this chamber 32 with which it forms a peripheral space 34 for the passage of the plastics to be homogenized.
  • the section of this space 34 has two throttles 35 where the plastics undergo high shear stresses and high pressures allowing an intimate mixing of the polymers of the plastics.
  • the rotating part 33 and the chamber 32 have shapes such that the pressures at the inlet and at the outlet of each homogenization module 30 are balanced.
  • a collector 38 receives the homogenized and melted plastics from the three preparation lines 15 on one side or the other side of the installation to bring them towards the two lateral inlet orifices 39 of the central branch 12 where the temperature is stabilized at around 220 ° C.
  • the manifold 38 for this purpose comprises three inlet ports 66, each connected to an outlet port 65, homogenization modules 30 and a single outlet port 67 connected to one of the two lateral inlet ports 39.
  • the plastics of the three primary preparation lines 15 are combined in the manifold 38 to be introduced together into the central branch 12.
  • the latter comprises a main sheath 40 in which is mounted a main screw 41 driven by a motor 42 by the 'through a reducer 43.
  • the main sleeve 40 comprises five successive heating sleeves 45 intended to maintain a predetermined temperature, for example 220 ° C.
  • the rear part of the sleeve is further provided with a cooling sleeve 46 and a rear degassing orifice 47.
  • a front degassing orifice 48 is also provided in the front part of the main sleeve 40 and connected to a vacuum pump 49.
  • the main sheath 40 is connected to a conventional filtration device 50 intended to separate any unmelted parts and the latter is connected to a granulation device 51 by extrusion and header cutting, in which the homogenized plastic is extruded in spaghetti through an extrusion disc and cut by a rotary knife driven by a motor 53 while cooling water is projected against the extrusion disc.
  • the cut granules fall into a vibrating tank 54 placed in a collecting tank 55 for the cooling water. In the vibrating tank 54 the granules are separated from the water. They are then taken up by a centrifuge 56 where a spin is carried out and transported pneumatically to a bagging device 57 comprising a cyclone 58 and a packaging bag 59 attached thereto.
  • This installation thus makes it possible to obtain granules ready for future use from plastics coming from household and industrial waste of any kind and composition.
  • the granules can be used in injection, extrusion, thermoforming, etc. installations. Thanks to the particular arrangement of the installation and in particular to the two lateral branches each with three lines of primary preparation 15, a high yield. 250 kg / hour can be reached.
  • the treatment in two branches with mixing and homogenization in the lateral branches and a final treatment in the central branch with final homogenization makes it possible to obtain granules of high quality and a remarkable degree of homogenization.
  • the installation lends itself particularly well to mixtures of plastic recovery materials such as polyethylene and polypropylene, possibly polyester, for which granules are obtained having excellent physicochemical properties.
  • plastic recovery materials such as polyethylene and polypropylene, possibly polyester, for which granules are obtained having excellent physicochemical properties.
  • the embodiment described above has no limiting character and that it can receive any desirable modifications within the framework as defined by claim 1.
  • the number of processing lines primary 15 can be different from three, for example 2, 4, 5, etc.
  • Other plastic processing devices may be added in the lateral or main branches.
  • the main screw could also be double-pitched.
  • the primary treatment lines may be provided with a degassing orifice.
  • the granulation device 51 could be of any other nature, for example by cutting extruded wires previously cooled. Subsequent treatments, such as drying and bagging, can be carried out in any other way, for example by the air blowing action.

Abstract

An extrusion facility for producing plastic granules, including a main section (12) communicating with at least two side sections (14a, 14b). Each of the side sections comprises at least one primary preparation line (15) with a mixing screw (20) followed by a plastic material homogenising module (30) connected to the main section (12) via a manifold (38). The main section (12) has a main screw (41) providing secondary homogenising of the molten plastic material fed to an extrusion granulation device. The facility is particularly suitable for making granules by homogenising recycled plastics of varying types and compositions.

Description

Installation d'extrusion pour la production de granulés en matières plastiques Extrusion plant for the production of plastic granules
La présente invention concerne une installation d'extrusion pour la production de granulés en matières plastiques.The present invention relates to an extrusion installation for the production of plastic granules.
On connaît de nombreux dispositifs de plastification comportant un stator et une vis malaxant la matière plastique reçue pour former une pâte homogène. Ces différents dispositifs se distinguent par la forme des filets de la vis, le changement de pas, etc. Il existe également une série d'installations utilisant des têtes de vis d'extrusion à disque ou à plateau créant un malaxage de la matière.Many plasticizing devices are known comprising a stator and a screw kneading the plastic material received to form a homogeneous paste. These different devices are distinguished by the shape of the threads of the screw, the change of pitch, etc. There are also a series of installations using disc or plate extrusion screw heads creating a mixing of the material.
Ces installations ne sont pas adaptées à obtenir des granulés à partir de mélanges de matières plastiques de toute nature provenant de déchets quelconques ménagers et industriels.These installations are not suitable for obtaining granules from mixtures of plastics of any kind originating from any household and industrial waste.
En outre, le rendement des installations connues n'est pas suffisamment élevé pour des applications de traitement de déchets à grande échelle.In addition, the efficiency of known installations is not high enough for large-scale waste treatment applications.
La présente invention a pour but de remédier aux inconvénients précités et l'installation est caractérisée à cet effet par le fait qu'elle est agencée pour la production de granulés par homogénéisation des matières plastiques de récupération de différentes compositions et par le fait qu'elle comprend une branche principale dans laquelle débouche au moins deux branches latérales, chaque branche latérale comportant au moins une ligne de préparation primaire avec une vis mélangeuse suivie d'un module d'homogénéisation des matières plastiques connecté par l'intermédiaire d'un collecteur à la branche principale, cette dernière comportant une vis principale destinée à une homogénéisation secondaire des matières plastiques fondues aboutissant à un dispositif de granulation par extrusion.The object of the present invention is to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks and the installation is characterized for this purpose by the fact that it is arranged for the production of granules by homogenizing recovery plastics of different compositions and by the fact that it comprises a main branch into which opens at least two lateral branches, each lateral branch comprising at least one primary preparation line with a mixing screw followed by a plastic material homogenization module connected via a collector to the main branch, the latter comprising a main screw intended for secondary homogenization of the molten plastic materials leading to a granulation device by extrusion.
Grâce à ces caractéristiques et au traitement des matières plastiques en plusieurs étapes sur des branches successives, il est possible d'obtenir des granulés homogènes de grande qualité par recyclage de matières plastiques de récupération de toute provenance et nature. En outre, le rendement de l'installation est très élevé permettant le traitement de grandes quantités de matières plastiques à recycler.Thanks to these characteristics and the processing of plastics in several stages on successive branches, it is possible to obtain homogeneous granules of high quality by recycling plastics of recovery of all provenance and nature. In addition, the efficiency of the installation is very high, allowing the processing of large quantities of plastics to be recycled.
Selon un mode d'exécution favorable, chaque branche latérale comprend un nombre n de lignes de préparation primaire, n étant compris en 2 et 5, de préférence 3.According to a favorable embodiment, each lateral branch comprises a number n of primary preparation lines, n being included in 2 and 5, preferably 3.
Un rendement élevé peut ainsi être optimalisé avec un degré d'homogénéisation considérable.High efficiency can thus be optimized with a considerable degree of homogenization.
Favorablement, les orifices de sortie des modules d'homogénéisation de chaque ligne de préparation primaire sont connectés chacun à un orifice d'entrée d'un collecteur dont l'orifice de sortie unique est relié à un orifice d'entrée latéral de la branche principale, de façon que les matières plastiques des lignes de préparation primaire soient réunies avant d'être introduites dans la branche principale. Ces caractéristiques permettent encore d'augmenter le degré d'homogénéisation du produit fini.Favorably, the outlets of the homogenization modules of each primary preparation line are each connected to an inlet of a collector whose single outlet is connected to a lateral inlet of the main branch , so that the plastics from the primary preparation lines are brought together before being introduced into the main branch. These characteristics further increase the degree of homogenization of the finished product.
De façon avantageuse, chaque branche latérale comporte un réducteur entraîné par un moteur et présentant n sorties pour entraîner les vis mélangeuses, un dispositif d'embrayage étant prévu pour chacune des sorties. L'entraînement des vis primaires est ainsi synchronisé, tout en permettant des réparations et des travaux de maintenance des lignes de préparation primaire pendant le fonctionnement de l'installation.Advantageously, each lateral branch comprises a reduction gear driven by a motor and having n outputs for driving the mixing screws, a clutch device being provided for each of the outputs. The drive of the primary screws is thus synchronized, while allowing repairs and maintenance work on the primary preparation lines during the operation of the installation.
Selon un mode d'exécution préféré, chacun des modules d'homogénéisation comprend un manchon fixe chauffé à une température prédéterminée et présentant une chambre dans laquelle est montée une pièce rotative solidaire d'une des vis mélangeuses, un espace périphérique prévu pour le passage des matières plastiques étant disposé autour de la pièce rotative et présentant au moins un étranglement de sa section. Ces caractéristiques favorisent une première homogénéisation très poussée des matières plastiques par l'effet de la température, de la rotation et d'un cisaillement important.According to a preferred embodiment, each of the homogenization modules comprises a fixed sleeve heated to a predetermined temperature and having a chamber in which is mounted a rotary part secured to one of the mixing screws, a peripheral space provided for the passage of the plastics being arranged around the rotating part and having at least one constriction of its section. These characteristics favor a very advanced first homogenization of plastics by the effect of temperature, rotation and high shear.
Favorablement, la vis principale est montée tournant dans un fourreau principal comportant un nombre prédéterminé de manchons de chauffe et le fourreau principal est muni à sa partie arrière d'un manchon de refroidissement et d'un orifice de dégazage postérieur et dans sa partie avant d'un orifice de dégazage antérieur relié à une pompe à vide.Favorably, the main screw is rotatably mounted in a main sheath comprising a predetermined number of heating sleeves and the main sheath is provided at its rear part with a cooling sleeve and with a rear degassing orifice and in its front part d '' a previous degassing orifice connected to a vacuum pump.
Grâce à ces caractéristiques, une seconde homogénéisation est accomplie se superposant aux effets de celle obtenue dans les branches latérales.Thanks to these characteristics, a second homogenization is accomplished, superimposing on the effects of that obtained in the lateral branches.
D'autres avantages ressortent des caractéristiques exprimées dans les revendications dépendantes et de la description exposant ci-après l'invention plus en détail à l'aide de dessins qui représentent schématiquement et à titre d'exemple un mode d'exécution. Les figures 1 A, 1 B et 1C représentent des vues en plan, latérale et frontale d'une installation selon l'invention.Other advantages appear from the characteristics expressed in the dependent claims and from the description setting out the invention below in more detail with the aid of drawings which schematically and by way of example show an embodiment. Figures 1A, 1B and 1C show plan, side and front views of an installation according to the invention.
La figure 2 est une vue en plan agrandie d'une partie de l'installation. L'installation d'extrusion 10 comprend en référence aux figures 1 et 2 un châssis 11 , avec une branche principale centrale 12 et de chaque côté des branches latérales 14a et 14b. Elle est destinée à produire des granulés à partir de déchets de matières plastiques mélangées de toute nature et composition, de provenance ménagère ou industrielle.Figure 2 is an enlarged plan view of part of the installation. The extrusion installation 10 comprises with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 a chassis 11, with a central main branch 12 and on each side of the lateral branches 14a and 14b. It is intended to produce granules from mixed plastic waste of any kind and composition, from household or industrial sources.
Les deux branches latérales 14a et 14b sont chacune composée d'un nombre n lignes de préparation primaire 15, n étant compris entre 2 et 5, de préférence 3. Ces lignes 15 sont alimentées par une grande trémie d'alimentation 16. Chacune des deux trémies possède n vis d'alimentation 17 motorisées aboutissant dans un orifice d'alimentation 18 d'une ligne de préparation primaire 15. Les matières plastiques sous forme de copeaux obtenus par déchiquetage, broyage, lavage et séchage, sont alimentées de manière forcée dans les lignes 15.The two lateral branches 14a and 14b are each composed of a number n primary preparation lines 15, n being between 2 and 5, preferably 3. These lines 15 are fed by a large feed hopper 16. Each of the two hoppers has n motorized feeding screws 17 ending in a feeding orifice 18 of a primary preparation line 15. Plastics in the form of chips obtained by shredding, grinding, washing and drying are forced to feed into lines 15.
En référence à la figure 2, chaque ligne 15 est orientée pei pendiculairement à la branche centrale 12 et possède une vis mélangeuse 20 montée tournante dans un fourreau 21 ou stator. Les vis 20 sont entraînées en rotation grâce à une poulie d'entraînement 22 qui est entraînée par un moteur 23 et qui coopère avec un train d'engrenage 24 d'un réducteur 25 à n = 3 sorties 27 aboutissant aux lignes de préparation primaire 15. Le réducteur 25 possède un dispositif d'embrayage 26 permettant de désaccoupler individuellement chacune des sorties 27 et chaque vis 20 en cas de panne ou pour des besoins de maintenance. Les vis 20 sont à double pas assurant un mélange et un transport de copeaux efficace sans reflux vers l'arrière. Les fourreaux 21 et la partie centrale des vis 20 sont munis d'un dispositif de circulation d'eau permettant de maintenir une température de 40 à 50°C au niveau des vis primaires 20. Ces dernières sont reliées chacune à un module d'homogénéisation 30 des matières plastiques qui comprend un manchon extérieur fixe 31 chauffé à une température prédéterminée, par exemple à 250°C. Ce module possède une chambre intérieure 32 comportant des terminaisons amont et aval sensiblement coniques. Une pièce rotative 33 solidaire de la vis mélangeuse 20 est montée dans cette chambre 32 avec laquelle elle forme un espace périphérique 34 pour le passage des matières plastiques à homogénéiser. La section de cet espace 34 présente deux étranglements 35 où les matières plastiques subissent des contraintes de cisaillement importantes et des pressions élevées permettant un mélange intime des polymères des matières plastiques.Referring to Figure 2, each line 15 is oriented pei pendicular to the central branch 12 and has a mixing screw 20 rotatably mounted in a sleeve 21 or stator. The screws 20 are rotated by means of a drive pulley 22 which is driven by a motor 23 and which cooperates with a gear train 24 of a reduction gear 25 with n = 3 outputs 27 leading to the primary preparation lines 15 The reduction gear 25 has a clutch device 26 allowing each of the outputs 27 and each screw 20 to be uncoupled individually in the event of a breakdown or for maintenance purposes. The screws 20 are double pitched ensuring efficient mixing and transport of chips without backward flow. The sleeves 21 and the central part of the screws 20 are provided with a water circulation device making it possible to maintain a temperature of 40 to 50 ° C. at the level of the primary screws 20. The latter are each connected to a homogenization module. 30 of plastics material which comprises a fixed outer sleeve 31 heated to a predetermined temperature, for example at 250 ° C. This module has an interior chamber 32 comprising substantially conical upstream and downstream terminations. A rotary part 33 secured to the mixing screw 20 is mounted in this chamber 32 with which it forms a peripheral space 34 for the passage of the plastics to be homogenized. The section of this space 34 has two throttles 35 where the plastics undergo high shear stresses and high pressures allowing an intimate mixing of the polymers of the plastics.
Ces polymères forment ainsi un enchevêtrement physique dense avec un tissage des différentes molécules, donc un mélange quasi homogène. La pièce rotative 33 et la chambre 32 présentent des formes telles que les pressions à l'entrée et à la sortie de chaque module d'homogénéisation 30 s'équilibrent. Un collecteur 38 réceptionne les matières plastiques homogénéisées et fondues des trois lignes de préparation 15 d'un côté ou de l'autre côté de l'installation pour les amener vers les deux orifices d'entrée latéraux 39 de la branche centrale 12 où la température est stabilisée à environ 220°C. Le collecteur 38 comprend à cet effet trois orifices d'entrée 66, connectés chacun à un orifice de sortie 65, des modules d'homogénéisation 30 et un orifice de sortie unique 67 relié à l'un des deux orifices d'entrée latéraux 39. Ainsi, les matières plastiques des trois lignes de préparation primaire 15 sont réunies dans le collecteur 38 pour être introduites ensemble dans la branche centrale 12. Cette dernière comprend un fourreau principal 40 dans lequel est monté une vis principale 41 entraînée par un moteur 42 par l'intermédiaire d'un réducteur 43.These polymers thus form a dense physical entanglement with a weaving of the different molecules, therefore an almost homogeneous mixture. The rotating part 33 and the chamber 32 have shapes such that the pressures at the inlet and at the outlet of each homogenization module 30 are balanced. A collector 38 receives the homogenized and melted plastics from the three preparation lines 15 on one side or the other side of the installation to bring them towards the two lateral inlet orifices 39 of the central branch 12 where the temperature is stabilized at around 220 ° C. The manifold 38 for this purpose comprises three inlet ports 66, each connected to an outlet port 65, homogenization modules 30 and a single outlet port 67 connected to one of the two lateral inlet ports 39. Thus, the plastics of the three primary preparation lines 15 are combined in the manifold 38 to be introduced together into the central branch 12. The latter comprises a main sheath 40 in which is mounted a main screw 41 driven by a motor 42 by the 'through a reducer 43.
Le fourreau principal 40 comporte cinq manchons de chauffe 45 successifs destinés à maintenir une température prédéterminée, par exemple 220°C. La partie arrière du fourreau est en outre munie d'un manchon de refroidissement 46 et d'un orifice de dégazage postérieur 47. Un orifice de dégazage avant 48 est également prévu dans la partie avant du fourreau principal 40 et relié à une pompe à vide 49.The main sleeve 40 comprises five successive heating sleeves 45 intended to maintain a predetermined temperature, for example 220 ° C. The rear part of the sleeve is further provided with a cooling sleeve 46 and a rear degassing orifice 47. A front degassing orifice 48 is also provided in the front part of the main sleeve 40 and connected to a vacuum pump 49.
•Le fourreau principal 40 est relié à un dispositif de filtration 50 conventionnel destiné à séparer d'éventuelles parties infondues et ce dernier est connecté à un dispositif de granulation 51 par extrusion et coupe-en-tête, dans lequel la matière plastique homogénéisé est extrudée en spaghetti à travers un disque d'extrusion et coupée par un couteau rotatif entraîné par un moteur 53 pendant que de l'eau de refroidissement est projetée contre le disque d'extrusion. Les granulés coupés tombent dans un bac vibrant 54 disposé dans un bac de récupération 55 pour l'eau de refroidissement. Dans le bac vibrant 54 les granulés sont séparés de l'eau. Ils sont ensuite repris par une centrifugeuse 56 où un essorage est effectué et transportés pneumatiquement vers un dispositif d'ensachage 57 comportant un cyclone 58 et un sac d'emballage 59 y rattaché. Cette installation permet ainsi d'obtenir des granulés prêts à un futur emploi à partir de matières plastiques provenant de déchet ménager et industriel de toute nature et composition. Les granulés pourront être utilisés dans des installations d'injection, d'extrusion, de thermoformage, etc.. Grâce à la disposition particulière de l'installation et en particulier aux deux branches latérales avec chacune trois lignes de préparation primaire 15, un rendement élevé de 250 kg/heure peut être atteint. En outre, le traitement en deux branches avec un mélange et une homogénéisation dans les branches latérales et un traitement final dans la branche centrale avec homogénéisation finale permet d'obtenir des granulés de grande qualité et d'un degré d'homogénéisation remarquable. • The main sheath 40 is connected to a conventional filtration device 50 intended to separate any unmelted parts and the latter is connected to a granulation device 51 by extrusion and header cutting, in which the homogenized plastic is extruded in spaghetti through an extrusion disc and cut by a rotary knife driven by a motor 53 while cooling water is projected against the extrusion disc. The cut granules fall into a vibrating tank 54 placed in a collecting tank 55 for the cooling water. In the vibrating tank 54 the granules are separated from the water. They are then taken up by a centrifuge 56 where a spin is carried out and transported pneumatically to a bagging device 57 comprising a cyclone 58 and a packaging bag 59 attached thereto. This installation thus makes it possible to obtain granules ready for future use from plastics coming from household and industrial waste of any kind and composition. The granules can be used in injection, extrusion, thermoforming, etc. installations. Thanks to the particular arrangement of the installation and in particular to the two lateral branches each with three lines of primary preparation 15, a high yield. 250 kg / hour can be reached. In addition, the treatment in two branches with mixing and homogenization in the lateral branches and a final treatment in the central branch with final homogenization makes it possible to obtain granules of high quality and a remarkable degree of homogenization.
L'installation se prête particulièrement bien à des mélanges de matières plastiques de récupération de type polyéthylène et polypropylène, éventuellement polyester, pour lesquelles on obtient des granulés possédant d'excellentes propriétés physico-chimiques. II est bien entendu que le mode de réalisation décrit ci-dessus ne présente aucun caractère limitatif et qu'il peut recevoir toutes modifications désirables à l'intérieur du cadre tel que défini par la revendication 1. En particulier, le nombre de lignes de traitement primaire 15 peut être différent de trois, par exemple 2, 4, 5, etc. D'autres organes de traitement des matières plastiques pourront être ajoutés dans les branches latérales ou principales. La vis principale pourrait également être à double pas. Les lignes de traitement primaire pourront être munies d'orifice de dégazage. Le dispositif de granulation 51 pourrait être de toute autre nature, par exemple par découpe de fils extrudés préalablement refroidis. Les traitements ultérieurs, tels que le séchage et l'ensachage, pourront être effectué de toute autre manière, par exemple par l'action de soufflage d'air. The installation lends itself particularly well to mixtures of plastic recovery materials such as polyethylene and polypropylene, possibly polyester, for which granules are obtained having excellent physicochemical properties. It is understood that the embodiment described above has no limiting character and that it can receive any desirable modifications within the framework as defined by claim 1. In particular, the number of processing lines primary 15 can be different from three, for example 2, 4, 5, etc. Other plastic processing devices may be added in the lateral or main branches. The main screw could also be double-pitched. The primary treatment lines may be provided with a degassing orifice. The granulation device 51 could be of any other nature, for example by cutting extruded wires previously cooled. Subsequent treatments, such as drying and bagging, can be carried out in any other way, for example by the air blowing action.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Installation d'extrusion pour la production de granulés en matières plastiques, caractérisée par le fait qu'elle est agencée pour la production de granulés par homogénéisation de matières plastiques de récupération de différentes compositions et par le fait qu'elle comprend une branche principale (12) dans laquelle débouche au moins deux branches latérales (14a, 14b), chaque branche latérale comportant au moins une ligne de préparation primaire (15) avec une vis mélangeuse (20) suivie d'un module d'homogénéisation (30) des matières plastiques connecté par l'intermédiaire d'un collecteur (38) à la branche principale (12), cette dernière comportant une vis principale (41) destinée à une homogénéisation secondaire des matières plastiques fondues aboutissant à un dispositif de granulation par extrusion (51).1. Extrusion installation for the production of plastic granules, characterized in that it is arranged for the production of granules by homogenization of recovery plastic materials of different compositions and in that it comprises a main branch (12) into which opens at least two lateral branches (14a, 14b), each lateral branch comprising at least one primary preparation line (15) with a mixing screw (20) followed by a homogenization module (30) of the plastics connected via a collector (38) to the main branch (12), the latter comprising a main screw (41) intended for secondary homogenization of the molten plastics leading to an extrusion granulation device (51 ).
2. Installation selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée par le fait que chaque branche latérale (14a, 14b) comprend un nombre n de lignes de préparation primaire (15), n étant compris entre 2 et 5, de préférence 3.2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that each lateral branch (14a, 14b) comprises a number n of primary preparation lines (15), n being between 2 and 5, preferably 3.
3. Installation selon la revendication 2, caractérisée par le fait que les orifices de sorties (65) des modules d'homogénéisation (30) de chaque ligne de préparation primaire (15) sont connectés chacun à un orifice d'entrée (66) d'un collecteur (38) dont l'orifice de sortie unique (67) est relié à un orifice d'entrée latérale (39) de la branche principale, de façon que les matières plastiques des lignes de préparation primaire (15) soient réunies avant d'être introduites dans la branche principale (12).3. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the outlet orifices (65) of the homogenization modules (30) of each primary preparation line (15) are each connected to an inlet orifice (66) d '' a manifold (38) whose single outlet (67) is connected to a side inlet (39) of the main branch, so that the plastics of the primary preparation lines (15) are brought together before to be introduced in the main branch (12).
4. Installation selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisée par le fait que chaque branche latérale (14a, 14b) possède une trémie d'alimentation (16) munie de n vis d'alimentation (17) aboutissant dans un orifice d'alimentation (18) d'une des n lignes de préparation primaire (15).4. Installation according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that each lateral branch (14a, 14b) has a feed hopper (16) provided with n supply screws (17) ending in a supply orifice (18) of one of the n primary preparation lines (15).
5. Installation selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisée par le fait que chaque branche latérale (14a, 14b) comporte un réducteur (25) entraîné par un moteur (23) et présentant n sorties (27) pour entraîner les vis mélangeuses (20), un dispositif d'embrayage (26) étant prévu pour chacune des sorties (27).5. Installation according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that each lateral branch (14a, 14b) comprises a reduction gear (25) driven by a motor (23) and having n outlets (27) for driving the screws mixers (20), a clutch device (26) being provided for each of the outlets (27).
6. Installation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée par le fait que chacun des modules d'homogénéisation (30) comprend un manchon fixe (31) chauffé à une température prédéterminée et présentant une chambre (32) dans laquelle est montée une pièce rotative (33) solidaire d'une des vis mélangeuses (20), un espace périphérique (34) prévu pour le passage des matières plastiques étant disposé autour de la pièce rotative (33) et présentant au moins un étranglement (35) de sa section.6. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each of the homogenization modules (30) comprises a fixed sleeve (31) heated to a predetermined temperature and having a chamber (32) in which a part is mounted rotary (33) integral with one of the mixing screws (20), a peripheral space (34) provided for the passage of plastics being arranged around the rotary part (33) and having at least one constriction (35) of its section .
7. Installation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée par le fait que la vis principale (41) est montée tournant dans un fourreau principal (40) comportant un nombre prédéterminé de manchons de chauffe (41).7. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the main screw (41) is rotatably mounted in a main sleeve (40) comprising a predetermined number of heating sleeves (41).
8. Installation selon la revendication 7, caractérisée par le fait que le fourreau principal (40) est muni à sa partie arrière d'un manchon de refroidissement (46) et d'un orifice de dégazage postérieur (47) et dans sa partie avant d'un orifice de dégazage antérieur (48) relié à une pompe à vide (49). Installation selon la revendication 7, caractérisée par le fait que le fourreau principal (40) est connecté à un dispositif de filtration (50) qui est relié audit dispositif de granulation (51) alimentant un bac vibrant (54) destiné à la séparation de l'eau de refroidissement des granulés, ces derniers étant repris par une centrifugeuse (56) et transportés pneumatiquement vers un dispositif d'ensachage (57) à cyclone (58). 8. Installation according to claim 7, characterized in that the main sheath (40) is provided at its rear part with a cooling sleeve (46) and a rear degassing orifice (47) and in its front part an anterior degassing orifice (48) connected to a vacuum pump (49). Installation according to claim 7, characterized in that the main sheath (40) is connected to a filtration device (50) which is connected to said granulation device (51) supplying a vibrating tank (54) intended for the separation of the cooling water of the granules, the latter being taken up by a centrifuge (56) and transported pneumatically to a cyclone bagging device (57) (58).
EP04719019A 2003-03-20 2004-03-10 Extrusion facility for producing plastic granules Withdrawn EP1603724A1 (en)

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CH465032003 2003-03-20
PCT/IB2004/000650 WO2004082913A1 (en) 2003-03-20 2004-03-10 Extrusion facility for producing plastic granules

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DE102007016352A1 (en) * 2007-04-03 2008-10-09 Blach Verwaltungs Gmbh & Co. Kg Multi-shaft extruder apparatus and method of operating the same
FR3006935B1 (en) * 2013-06-14 2016-01-29 Carolina Marchante EXTRUDER FOR A TREATMENT UNIT FOR PLASTIC MATERIALS, AND TREATMENT UNIT COMPRISING SUCH EXTRUDER

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