EP1590988A2 - Hearing aid system - Google Patents
Hearing aid systemInfo
- Publication number
- EP1590988A2 EP1590988A2 EP04708638A EP04708638A EP1590988A2 EP 1590988 A2 EP1590988 A2 EP 1590988A2 EP 04708638 A EP04708638 A EP 04708638A EP 04708638 A EP04708638 A EP 04708638A EP 1590988 A2 EP1590988 A2 EP 1590988A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hearing aid
- receiver
- aid according
- connecting portion
- value
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
- H04R25/60—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles
- H04R25/604—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles of acoustic or vibrational transducers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2460/00—Details of hearing devices, i.e. of ear- or headphones covered by H04R1/10 or H04R5/033 but not provided for in any of their subgroups, or of hearing aids covered by H04R25/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2460/09—Non-occlusive ear tips, i.e. leaving the ear canal open, for both custom and non-custom tips
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
- H04R25/75—Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
Abstract
An exemplary hearing aid system includes a receiver configured so as to create an insertion loss over the audible range of hearing below about three decibels as compared to the unaided ear. An exemplary hearing aid system also includes one or more of: a micro-receiver positioned in an open-ear configuration within the ear canal of a user; an intermediate connecting portion extending between a sound processing unit and a receiver, wherein the intermediate connecting portion includes a stiffening wire provided on at least a portion of the intermediate connecting portion and/or within or on at least a portion of the receiver, a retaining wire extending from one of the stiffening wire and the receiver, the retaining wire configured to position within a portion of the concha of the ear; an electrical conducting component comprising two wires within distinct channels or otherwise isolated from one another within the intermediate connecting portion; and a speaker, at least partially enclosed within a casing having first and second end portions, the first end portion communicating with the connection, the speaker communicating with a port provided at the second end portion of the casing, wherein the casing is sealed to fluids and wherein the port is sealed to fluids by a membrane or mesh material. The described hearing aid reduces the insertion and occlusion effects relative to comparison devices.
Description
HEARING AID SYSTEM
BACKGROUND A wide variety of hearing aid units are known in the art. Insertion of hearing aid receivers in the ear produces an insertion loss, which reflects a distortion or elimination of the patient's natural or original concha and ear canal resonant characteristics. The presently described hearing aid is configured to eliminate or significantly reduce such insertion losses. In some hearing aids, the receiver is also positioned within the ear canal in such a way that it creates an occlusion effect. In most cases, whether the hearing aid is fitted in the ear, as with a custom made instrument, or is placed behind the ear, an occlusion problem exists.
This is often related to a patient's rejection of the amplification due to the patient's discomfort with the patient's own voice. That is, the occlusion effect is associated with the sensation or feeling that the patient's head is "at the bottom of the barrel," with the patient's own voice becoming intolerably loud.
Placing an earmold or a shell of a custom made hearing aid within the ear canal can produce a low frequency amplification of the patient's voice of between about 20 and 30 decibels. This can relate to a perceived loudness increase in the patient's own voice of about four times the actual loudness of the patient's voice. Accordingly, there remains a need in the art for an ear canal receiver that avoids the insertion loss and occlusion effect problems described above.
One aspect of the present disclosure also relates to an improved system for treating tinnitus.
SUMMARY
The above-discussed and other drawbacks and deficiencies of the prior art are overcome or alleviated by the presently described hearing aid system, including a receiver configured so as to create an insertion loss over the audible range of hearing below about three decibels as compared to the unaided ear.
In another embodiment, a micro-receiver positioned in an open-ear configuration within the ear canal of a user, and a sound processing unit provided remote from the micro-receiver. The described hearing aid advantageously reduces the insertion and occlusion effects. In one exemplary embodiment, the receiver has a maximum lateral dimension
0. Such dimension describes the maximum overall dimension or diameter (though it is not to be implied that the cross section of the receiver must be circular or oval) of the receiver. In one exemplary embodiment, the receiver has a dimension 0 that is less than half the maximum lateral dimension or diameter of the user's ear canal, hi another embodiment, the receiver has a dimension 0 that is less than twenty percent of the maximum lateral dimension or diameter of the user's ear canal, i another embodiment, the receiver has a dimension 0 that is less than ten percent of the maximum lateral dimension or diameter of the user's ear canal, i another embodiment, the receiver has a dimension 0 that is less than five percent of the maximum lateral dimension or diameter of the user's ear canal. hi another exemplary embodiment, the hearing aid comprises a sound processing unit, a receiver, and an intermediate connecting portion between the sound processing unit and the receiver, wherein the intermediate connecting portion comprises an electrical conducting component and a stiffening wire, provided on at least a portion of the intermediate connecting portion. In another exemplary embodiment, the stiffening wire comprises a stainless steel wire. In another exemplary embodiment, the stiffening wire comprises a metal or alloy of metals having memory such that the wire may deflect and return to an original orientation. Such may be stainless steel, among others. Such may also be a shape memory alloy. In another exemplary embodiment, the stiffening wire is provided within or on a portion of the intermediate connecting portion and extends within or on at least a portion of the receiver. In such embodiment, the receiver is positioned on the intermediate connecting portion with greater stability and resiliency. Also where a stiffening element is used, the intermediate connecting portion and receiver may be custom manufactured or custom molded to optimize positiomng of the receiver within the ear canal and/or to optimize positioning of the intermediate connecting portion.
In another embodiment, a retaining wire extends from one of the stiffening wire and the receiver. The retaining wire is configured to position within a portion of the concha of the ear. hi such embodiment, the retaining wire maybe configured to prevent excessive insertion of the hearing aid receiver into the ear canal. Also, the retaining wire may be configured to cause the hearing aid receiver to be suspended within a portion of the ear canal, such that no portion of the receiver touches the sides of the ear canal.
In another embodiment, the electrical conducting component comprises two wires within distinct channels or otherwise isolated from one another within the intermediate connecting portion. In another embodiment, a stiffening element is provided within or on the intermediate connecting portion within a distinct chaimel or otherwise isolated from the wires. hi another embodiment, the receiver comprises a speaker, at least partially enclosed within a casing having first and second end portions, the first end portion commm icating with the intermediate connecting portion, the spealcer communicating with a port provided at the second end portion of the casing, hi another embodiment, the casing is sealed to fluids at the first end portion and along a length of the casing extending from the first end portion to the port provided at the second end portion. The port may also be sealed to fluids by a membrane or mesh material. The above-discussed and other features and advantages of the present invention will be appreciated and understood by those skilled in the art from the following detailed description and drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Referring now to the exemplary drawings wherein like elements are numbered alike in the several FIGURES:
FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic view of an exemplary receiver, intermediate connecting portion and sound processing component connector for a hearing aid system; FIGURE 2 is a cross sectional view of an exemplary receiver and intermediate connecting portion;
FIGURE 3 is an expanded plan view of an exemplary receiver, intermediate connecting portion and sound processing component connector for a hearing aid system;
FIGURE 4 is a plan view of an exemplary assembled hearing aid system including a retaining wire;
FIGURE 5 is a cutaway view of a user's ear with the hearing aid system installed;
FIGURE 6 is a plan view of an exemplary sound processing unit; and
FIGURE 7 is a plan view of another exemplary sound processing unit.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring now to FIGURE 1, an exemplary receiver and connection portion is illustrated generally at 10 for the presently described hearing aid system. In one exemplary embodiment, the hearing aid system is configured as a completely open canal (COC) system. With reference to FIGURE 1, the illustrated exemplary receiver portion, shown generally at 12, includes a spealcer 14 that is at least partially surrounded by a casing 16. The receiver portion 12 is attached to a connection portion, shown generally at 18, which includes an intermediate connecting portion 20 and a sound processing component connector 22. The sound processing unit connector 22 includes an electrical interface 24 configured to mate with a corresponding electrical interface (not illustrated) on the sound processing unit. The iUusfrated electrical interface 24 is a three-pin female interface, surrounded by a connector shell 26. While shell 26 is illustrated as a two part shell joined by lock pin 28, it should be recognized that shell 26 may take any convenient configuration, or the interface 24 may simply comprise the electrical interface 24 such that the shell 26 is of minimal profile or is eliminated. Optionally, a microphone 27 may be provided in the shell 26. The microphone 27 may be connected to the sound-processing unit through an additional electrical connection (not shown) or through the electrical interface 24. Referring now to FIGURE 2, the exemplary receiver 12 and intermediate connecting portion 20 are illustrated in greater detail. The speaker 14 is illustrated as
being at least partially enclosed within the casing 16. The illustrated exemplary intermediate connecting portion 20 comprises an electrical conducting component 30 and a stiffening wire 32, provided along at least a portion of the intermediate connecting portion 20. In another exemplary embodiment, the stiffening wire 32 comprises a stainless steel wire. In another exemplary embodiment, the stiffening wire 32 comprises a metal or alloy of metals having memory such that the wire may deflect and return to an original orientation. For example, the stiffening wire 32 may be a shape memory alloy.
Referring again to FIGURE 2, the illustrated exemplary stiffening wire 32 is provided within or on a portion of the intermediate connecting portion 20 and extends within or on at least a portion of the receiver 12. The stiffening wire 32 in the illustrated exemplary embodiment extends through a channel 34 in the intermediate connecting portion 20, into a proximal portion 36 of the receiver 12 and alongside the spealcer 14. In such embodiment, and indeed whenever the stiffening wire is used in or on any portion of the receiver 12 and the intermediate connecting portion 20, the receiver 12 maybe positioned relative to the intermediate connecting portion 20 with greater stability and resiliency. Also where a stiffening wire 32 is used, the intermediate connecting portion 20 and receiver 12 may be custom manufactured or custom molded to optimize positioning of the receiver 12 within the ear canal and/or to optimize positioning of the intermediate connecting portion 20.
Referring again to FIGURE 2, the illustrated electrical conducting component 30 is provided within a channel 38 within the intermediate connecting portion 20. The electrical conducting component 30 extends from the speaker 14 through the intermediate connecting component 20 to the electrical interface 24 to provide electrical connection between the sound processing unit and the spealcer 14.
With reference to FIGURE 3, in an exemplary embodiment, the electrical conducting component 30 comprises two wires 40, 42 provided within channel 38. While this embodiment illustrates both wires 40, 42 provided within the same chaimel 38, it is to be recognized that alternative configurations are contemplated. For example, both wires 40, 42 may share the same channel as the stiffening wire 32.
Also, each wire 40, 42 may be provided within distinct channels or may be otherwise
isolated from one another within the connection.
Referring again to FIGURE 2, the illustrated exemplary receiver casing has first (proximal) 36 and second (distal) 44 end portions, the first end portion communicating with the intermediate connecting portion 20, the speaker 14 communicating with a port 46 provided at the second end portion 44 of the casing 16. As described by the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the casing is provided around the speaker from the intermediate connecting portion 20 to the port 46. Where non- permeable materials are used for the casing 16, the casing 16 is sealed to fluids at the first end portion 36 and along a length of the casinglό extending from the first end portion 36 to the port 46 provided at the second end portion 44. As illustrated, the port 46 may itself be sealed to fluids by a membrane or mesh material 48. The materials used for the casing may be formed in any number of manners, including as a two shell assembly, as an overmold, or as a shrinkwrap. Any material may be used. In one exemplary embodiment, the material is a polypropylene. In another embodiment, the material is a nylon or polyethylene. The port may also be provided with a permanent or removable cerumen collection device.
Referring again to FIGURE 2, the receiver has a maximum lateral dimension 0. Such dimension describes the maximum overall dimension or diameter (though it is not to be implied that the cross section of the receiver must be circular or oval) of the receiver 16. In one exemplary embodiment, the receiver has a dimension 0 that is less than half the maximum lateral dimension or diameter of the user's ear canal. In another embodiment, the receiver has a dimension 0 that is less than twenty percent of the maximum lateral dimension or diameter of the user's ear canal, i another embodiment, the receiver has a dimension 0 that is less than ten percent of the maximum lateral dimension or diameter of the user s ear canal. In another embodiment, the receiver has a dimension 0 that is less than five percent of the maximum lateral dimension or diameter of the user's ear canal.
Referring now to FIGURE 4, a second exemplary hearing aid system is illustrated generally at 50. The receiver 16, intermediate connecting portion 20 and sound processing unit 52 are illustrated in assembled form. Sound processing component connector 22 is illustrated as joined with the sound processing unit 52. As
illustrated, an exemplary retaining wire 54 extends from the receiver 16. As illustrated by FIGURE 5, the retaining wire 54 is configured to position within a portion of the concha 56 of the ear, shown generally at 58. hi such embodiment, the retaining wire 54 may be configured to define an exemplary maximum insertion of the hearing aid receiver 16 into the ear canal 60. For example, the configuration of the retaining wire 54, receiver 16 and intermediate connecting portion 20 may be such that the receiver extends into the ear canal, but not into the bony regions 62 of the ear canal 60. Also, as illustrated in FIGURE 5, the retaining wire 54 may be configured to cause the hearing aid receiver 16 to be suspended within a portion of the ear canal 60, such that no portion of the receiver touches the sides of the ear canal 60. While the retaining wire 54 is illustrated as extending from the receiver 16, it should be recognized that the retaining wire 54 may also or alternatively extend from the intermediate connecting portion 20.
Referring now to FIGURE 6, an exemplary sound processing unit (SPU) is illustrated generally at 52. The illustrated SPU 52 generally includes: a housing 64; an SPU electrical interface 66, which is illustrated as a male three-pin electrical connection, connected to an amplifier and sound processing component 68; a microphone 70 connected to the amplifier and sound processing component 68; a battery component 72 providing power to the amplifier and sound processing component 68; a switch component 74, illustrated with a push button 76 for providing a user interface with the amplifier and sound processing component 68 and/or the battery component 72; and a programming connector 78 configured to permit external programming and reprogramming of the SPU and/or to permit expansion of the hearing aid device with additional internal components. A programming correction switch 79 may be provided to permit a physician or user to control programming or reprogramming of the amplifier and sound processing component 68. Additionally, an input port (not shown) may be provided proximate thereto (or indeed, anywhere on the device) to effect programming or reprogramming of the device from an external source. Memory storage may be provided within the amplifier and sound processing component 68 and/or anywhere within the device to permit such programming and reprogramming of the SPU and/or to permit a user to select various programs via the
user interface.
FIGURE 7 illustrates a second exemplary SPU configuration, wherein the amplifier and sound processing component 68 is provided as a circuit board interconnecting each of the battery component 72, the switch component 74, the microphone 70 and the SPU electrical interface 66.
In another exemplary embodiment, the behind the ear unit may comprise, or may additionally include, a noise generator, which may be used to generate one or more sounds. The sounds may be generated in specific frequency ranges useful to treat tinnitus. The noise generator passes such signals to the receiver for treatment. The following table summarizes statistical analysis of data collected in the comparison of four hearing devices (G = General Hearing Instruments, O = Oticon, S = Sebotek and V = Vivatone). The tested Vivatone Device was configured in accordance with the above described embodiment(s) including the micro-receiver and the retaining wire. The Vivatone Device also was positioned within the cartilaginous region of the ear in such a manner that the receiver did not contact the walls of the ear canal.
The tested General Hearing Instruments was a canal-open-ear Auriscoe ™ hearing aid. The tested Oticon Device was a low profile, Open Ear Acoustics ™ configuration. The tested Sebotek Device was the PAC (Post Auricular Canal) hearing aid also described by U.S. Patent No. 5,606,621 to Reiter, the entire contents of which are specifically incorporated herein by reference.
Thirty subjects participated in the evaluation. There were 120 runs, 4 for each participant. The data analyzed are the values of the Probe Real Ear Insertion Response Curve, which consisted of differences between the Probe Real Ear Unaided Response Curve and the Probe Real Ear Aided Response Curve and the corresponding values repeated while the subject vocalized the letter "EE". The two differences may be called the Insertion Effect and the Occlusion Effect. Values were given at 79 frequencies (200 Hz to 8000 Hz at increments of 100 Hz).
Analysis of variance models were run for each frequency. Comparisons were adjusted for Subject variability, Order of Test, and Previous Device. The
experimental error ranged over approximately 5-11 Db for the Insertion Effect and over approximately 3-8 Db for the Occlusion Effect.
Comparison results are given in the following tables. Results are given for each frequency. T-values greater than 2.444 in absolute value are included in Table 1. T-values less than 2.444 values are not to be construed as statistically insignificant simply because thay are omitted from Table 1. Negative values indicate that the Insertion Effect or Occlusion Effect was greater for the Comparison Device compared to the Vivatone Device. Positive values indicate that the Insertion Effect or Occlusion Effect was greater for the Vivatone Device compared to the Comparison Device.
The following table summarizes the comparisons at each frequency. Table values are positive or negative decibel differences. As may be seen from the tables, the Vivatone Device exhibits lower Insertion Effect across the range of frequencies as compared with the comparison devices. Indeed, it has been found that the Vivatone Device exhibits less than three decibels of insertion loss across the audible spectrum. Also, with exception of the Oticon Device in the 500Hz to 1300Hz range, the Vivatone device exhibits lower Occlusion Effect across the range of frequencies as compared with the comparison devices.
TABLE 1. SUMMARY OF COMPARISONS
TABLE 2. RESULTS AT 200Hz
200 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error Lvalue XI -3.228805324 2.8128462 -1.147878383 (General vs. Vivatone) X2 -3.973763109 2.6132138 -1.520642189 (Oticon vs. Vivatone) X3 -28.990360956 2.6890912 -10.780728129 (Sebotek vs. Vivatone)
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t. alue XI -1.76124202 2.3527289 -0.74859539 X2 3.03270998 2.1857518 1.38749056 X3 -8.48537631 2.2492174 -3.77259056
TABLE 3. RESULTS AT 300Hz
300 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t. value XI -3.259075564 2.9386512 -1.109037917 X2 -3.984400433 2.7300902 -1.459439139
X3 -30.557774712 2.8093612 -10.877125620
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t. value
XI -1.34258739 2.4706214 -0.54342093 X2 3.70308746 2.2952773 1.61335081 X3 -7.91842555 2.3619231 -3.35253321
TABLE 4. RESULTS AT 400Hz
400 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -3.18071721 2.9913629 -1.06330036 X2 -3.714402042.7790608 -1.33656738 X3 -31.137842962.8597538 -10.88829507
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t. value XI -0.97685416 2.5694950 -0.3801736 X2 4.68242198 2.3871337 1.9615248
X3 -7.36959617 2.4564466 -3.00010500 Hz
TABLE 5. RESULTS AT 500Hz
500Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI -3.06639030 3.0294176 -1.01220456 X2 -3.35011711 2.8144148 -1.19034237 X3 -31.31511356 2.8961342 -10.81272859
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -0.42304814 2.5993905 -0.16274897 X2 6.57442272 2.4149074 2.72243260 X3 -7.76226106 2.4850268 -3.12361260
TABLE 6. RESULTS AT 600Hz
600 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -2.8099533318 3.1302318 -0.897682188 X2 -2.9480594700 2.9080740 -1.013749811
X3 -31.7421838724 2.9925130 -10.607200022
Occlusion Effect \
Value Std.Error t.value
XI 1.04164510 2.4705285 0.4216284 X2 9.21450274 2.2951910 4.0146998 X3 -7.89446530 2.3618343 -3.3425145
TABLE 7. RESULTS AT 700Hz
700 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -2.588272854 3.2245678 -0.80267279 X2 -2.847366146 2.9957148 -0.95047970 X3 -32.604172820 3.0826986 -10.57650368
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI 1.889389684 2.2700032 0.83232909 X2 11.110529893 2.1088973 5.26840739
X3 -8.402816196 2.1701313 -3.87203123
TABLE 8. RESULTS AT 800Hz
800 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI -2.515782392 3.3207934 -0.757584738 X2 -3.398601005 3.0851111 -1.101613808 X3 -33.491112358 3.1746906 -10.549409992
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI 1.82698457 2.2246681 0.8212392 X2 11.63631424 2.0667796 5.6301669 X3 -8.77668112 2.1267908 -4.1267252
TABLE 9. RESULTS AT 900Hz
900 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -2.38554234 3.3949516 -0.70267345 X2 -4.09229805 3.1540062 -1.29749208
X3 -34.11309345 3.2455861 -10.51061120
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI 1.92054270 2.1612333 0.88863274 X2 10.62901086 2.0078470 5.29373549 X3 -8.81972030 2.0661469 -4.26868009
TABLE 10. RESULTS AT 1000Hz
1000 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -2.275590447 3.3148820 -0.686477055 X2 -4.883197416 3.0796193 -1.585649707 X3 -34.827767987 3.1690393 -10.990008326
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI 1.90850033 2.0273877 0.94135935
X2 8.71736528 1.8835006 4.62827855
X3 -9.08163181 1.9381900-4.68562518
TABLE 11. RESULTS AT 1100Hz
1100 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI -2.156384500 3.2283746 -0.66794743 X2 -6.075641257 2.9992514 -2.02571923 X3 -34.777147774 3.0863378 -11.26809495
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI 0.652209894 1.9516141 0.33418998 X2 6.892687975 1.8131048 3.80159378 X3 -9.956084782 1.8657502 -5.33623669
TABLE 12. RESULTS AT 1200Hz
1200 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -1.585101698 3.1910179 -0.496738573
X2 -6.880732089 2.9645460 -2.321006989
X3 -34.561124381 3.0506248 -11.329195525
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI 0.1712529167 1.9293266 0.088763052 X2 6.3227648043 1.7923991 3.527543026 X3 -10.3896722765 1.8444433 -5.632958487
TABLE 13. RESULTS AT 1300Hz
1300 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -1.1981154661 3.1078549 -0.385512034 X2 -7.5105809960 2.8872852 -2.601260486 X3 -35.3762012491 2.9711206 -11.906686397
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI 1.2358134856 1.8298857 0.675350090
X2 5.3236175161 1.7000157 3.131510866 X3 -11.0905638474 1.7493774 -6.339720527
TABLE 14. RESULTS AT 1400Hz
1400 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI -1.643093468 3.2026055 -0.51304897 X2 -9.006829511 2.9753112 -3.02718902 X3 -36.606739445 3.0617025 -11.95633446
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI 1.218719994 1.7929210 0.67973995 X2 3.569212245 1.6656744 2.14280315 X3 -13.277066609 1.7140390 -7.74607050
TABLE 15. RESULTS AT 1500Hz
1500 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -2.004330563 3.3559284 -0.597250692
X2 -10.520911903 3.1177525 -3.374517947 X3 -37.149067713 3.2082798 -11.579123521
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI 1.565644363 1.9150221 0.81755941 X2 3.037305910 1.7791098 1.70720543 X3 -14.661208291 1.8307681 -8.00822785
TABLE 16. RESULTS AT 1600Hz
1600 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -1.951098286 3.2915707 -0.59275600 X2 -11.474827775 3.0579624 -3.75244240 X3 -37.443659502 3.1467536 -11.89913947
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI 2.19998543 2.0883350 1.05346387
X2 2.69222085 1.9401223 1.38765520 X3 -15.01898313 1.9964558 -7.52282265
TABLE 17. RESULTS AT 1700Hz
1700 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI -2.09200068 3.1519854 -0.66370887 X2 -12.372756202.9282837 -4.22525864 X3 -37.596667543.0133095 -12.47686870
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI 2.296444502 2.1572750 1.06451169 X2 2.044449766 2.0041696 1.02009817 X3 -15.035410954 2.0623628 -7.29038120
TABLE 18. RESULTS AT 1800Hz
1800 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -2.7841781655 3.0546323 -0.911460998
X2 -13.4911317442 2.8378399 -4.754014423 X3 -37.7204275127 2.9202396 -12.916894941
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI 1.299973079 2.2825012 0.56953884 X2 0.228669495 2.1205082 0.10783712 X3 -16.763530564 2.1820794 -7.68236495
TABLE 19. RESULTS AT 1900Hz
1900 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -3.92267763 2.9833070 -1.31487560 X2 -14.86697694 2.7715767 -5.36408636 X3 -38.18257655 2.8520524 -13.38775431
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -0.445001551 2.4921416 -0.17856191
X2 -2.149696858 2.3152701 -0.92848642 X3 -18.984168789 2.3824964 -7.96818358
TABLE 20. RESULTS AT 2000Hz
2000 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -5.07137477 2.8884821 -1.755723078 X2 -16.19593588 2.6834817 -6.035418726 X3 -38.47923896 2.7613994 -13.934687726
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -1.85628537 2.4314096 -0.76346057 X2 -4.57822019 2.2588484 -2.02679391 X3 -20.60848494 2.3244365 -8.86601350
TABLE 21. RESULTS AT 2100Hz
2100 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -6.05449479 2.8084770 -2.15579289
X2 -17.24123089 2.6091547 -6.60797572 X3 -38.52172601 2.6849143 -14.34746975
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -2.98680095 2.4258921 -1.2312176 X2 -6.98416480 2.2537225 -3.0989462 X3 -22.09045009 2.3191617 -9.5251876
TABLE 22. RESULTS AT 2200Hz
2200 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -6.880641275 2.7399735 -2.51120723 X2 -18.094100656 2.5455130 -7.10823348 X3 -38.294583408 2.6194246 -14.61946370
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -4.04732286 2.3505212 -1.72188312
X2 -9.35005881 2.1837008 -4.28174902 X3 -23.23487105 2.2471069 -10.33990481
TABLE 23. RESULTS AT 2300Hz
2300 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -7.702143365 2.7076991 -2.84453441 X2 -18.774332728 2.5155292 -7.46337303 X3 -38.024411656 2.5885702 -14.68934905
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -5.220130253 2.2482925 -2.32181990
X2 -11.708355563 2.0887274 -5.60549718
X3 -24.646487441 2.1493758 -11.46681163
TABLE 24. RESULTS AT 2400Hz
2400 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI -8.486673413 2.6869395 -3.15849066 X2 -19.349755107 2.4962429 -7.75155131 X3 -37.572817183 2.5687240 -14.62703571
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -6.906049894 2.1583519 -3.199686766 X2 -14.081049900 2.0051700 -7.022372074 X3 -26.086046643 2.0633922 -12.642311144
TABLE 25. RESULTS AT 2500Hz
2500 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -9.210748358 2.6528782 -3.471983194
X2 -19.817120519 2.4645989 -8.040708038
X3 -36.833570981 2.5361612 -14.523355801
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI -7.8887912841 2.1296325 -3.704296963 X2 -15.5096824184 1.9784889 -7.839155515 X3 -26.7269510910 2.0359364 -13.127596011
TABLE 26. RESULTS AT 2600Hz
2600 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -9.66555736 2.6025828 -3.71383279 X2 -20.13716999 2.4178731 -8.32846424 X3 -35.82550481 2.4880786 -14.39886359
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -8.039373e+000 2.0445271 -3.9321428795
X2 -1.552271e+001 1.8994236 -8.1723244632 X3 -2.594425e+001 1.9545753 -13.2736008791
TABLE 27. RESULTS AT 2700Hz
2700 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI -9.8422402627 2.4996242 -3.937488045 X2 -20.2943035971 2.3222216 -8.739175965 X3 -34.4411171164 2.3896498 -14.412621118
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -7.613859887 1.9209320 -3.963627961 X2 -14.957610998 1.7846003 -8.381490995 X3 -24.625003741 1.8364180 -13.409258493
TABLE 28. RESULTS AT 2800Hz
2800 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -9.86365196 2.3996114 -4.1105206
X2 -20.27641387 2.2293069 -9.0953891 X3 -33.03347336 2.2940372 -14.3997113
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI -7.50588772 1.8590431 -4.0375006 X2 -14.65670749 1.7271037 -8.4862926 X3 -23.70698104 1.7772520 -13.3391220
TABLE 29. RESULTS AT 2900Hz
2900 Hz
Ins ertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -9.86079168 2.2699771 -4.34400497 X2 -20.15133560 2.1088730 -9.55549987 X3 -31.52307174 2.1701063 -14.52604933
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -7.543366871 1.8062716 -4.17620855
X2 -14.359771755 1.6780775 -8.55727583 X3 -23.256473650 1.7268022 -13.46794292
TABLE 30. RESULTS AT 3000Hz
3000 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI -9.78564774472.1508276 -4.549712685 X2 -20.0236465366 1.9981798 -10.020943400 X3 -30.2576796218 2.0561990-14.715345668
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -7.47719814 1.74153648 -4.29344904 X2 -14.06177565 1.61793672 -8.69117777 X3 -22.09160667 1.66491522 -13.26890791
TABLE 31. RESULTS AT 3100Hz
3100 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -9.664299909 2.0441730 -4.727730813
X2 -19.902779737 1.8990947 -10.480140962 X3 -28.927085690 1.9542369 -14.802241273
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -7.058142664 1.68138544 -4.197813587 X2 -13.560497213 1.56205470 -8.681192285 X3 -20.712909615 1.60741060 -12.885885895
TABLE 32. RESULTS AT 3200Hz
3200 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -9.510894160 1.9521516 -4.87200583 X2 -19.806347612 1.8136042 -10.92098708 X3 -27.726410309 1.8662641 -14.85663835
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -7.163145949 1.64523049 -4.353885967
X2 -13.488540806 1.52846573 -8.824889289 X3 -19.070659369 1.57284634 -12.124934858
TABLE 33. RESULTS AT 3300Hz
3300 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -9.2786068378 1.8838049 -4.925460512 X2 -19.6593344393 1.7501081 -11.233211221 X3 -26.5719530600 1.8009244 -14.754619026
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -7.31237040 1.66005982 -4.40488366 X2 -13.45522787 1.54224259 -8.72445614 X3 -17.74897246 1.58702323 -11.18381389
TABLE 34. RESULTS AT 3400Hz
3400 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -9.066209111 1.8323300 -4.94791271
X2 -19.556815995 1.7022865 -11.48855723 X3 -25.574072634 1.7517142 -14.59945508
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -7.23388315 1.70948608 -4.2316128 X2 -13.07226920 1.58816098 -8.2310731 X3 -16.72753874 1.63427491 -10.2354498
TABLE 35. RESULTS AT 3500Hz
3500 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -8.91013789 1.7886133 -4.98158981 X2 -19.45460034 1.6616724 -11.70784323 X3 -24.81692370 1.7099208 -14.51349273
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -7.3687376481 1.76527541 -4.174270831
X2 -12.8957066864 1.63999085 -7.863279640 X3 -15.7692838620 1.68760971 -9.344153291
TABLE 36. RESULTS AT 3600Hz
3600 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -8.691367288 1.7763295 -4.89288013 X2 -19.342423503 1.6502604 -11.72083106 X3 -24.157524195 1.6981775 -14.22555931
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -6.962227987 1.76558948 -3.94328809 X2 -12.008873432 1.64028264 -7.32122206
X3 -14.662004950 1.68790997 -8.68648519
TABLE 37. RESULTS AT 3700Hz
3700 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -8.583079332 1.76270385 -4.86926908
X2 -19.313847560 1.63760180 -11.79398287 X3 -23.737175524 1.68515129 -14.08607978
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -6.5337475500 1.74265157 -3.749313783 X2 -11.3626632173 1.61897267 -7.018440431 X3 -13.5120469265 1.66598124 -8.110563666
TABLE 38. RESULTS AT 3800Hz
3800 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -8.441467426 1.75635543 -4.80624097 X2 -19.336107428 1.63170394 -11.85025478
X3 -23.463879959 1.67908218 -13.97422961
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -6.278133968 1.68496687 -3.72596880 X2 -10.754862789 1.56538194 -6.87044005 X3 -12.412324737 1.61083445 -7.70552474
TABLE 39. RESULTS AT 3900Hz
3900 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -8.270799727 1.76899901 -4.67541231 X2 -19.372231987 1.64345018 -11.78753833 X3 -23.226956475 1.69116949 -13.73425708
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -6.04925683 1.66204356 -3.6396500 X2 -9.99092084 1.54408554 -6.4704452
X3 -11.55100361 1.58891969 -7.2697215
TABLE 40. RESULTS AT 4000Hz
4000 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -8.086843450 1.72954953 -4.67569348 X2 -19.275861670 1.60680050 -11.99642501 X3 -23.027648032 1.65345564 -13.92698265
Occlusion Effect i
Value Std.Error t.value XI -5.468606286 1.53347467 -3.56615364 X2 -9.213260489 1.42464140 -6.46707337 X3 -10.842963904 1.46600737 -7.39625472
TABLE 41. RESULTS AT 4100Hz
4100 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -7.881860321 1.70361988 -4.62653695 X2 -19.265070702 1.58271112 -12.17219647
X3 -22.687028158 1.62866680 -13.92981556
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI -5.234017037 1.44847923 -3.613456733
X2 -8.367227067 1.34567823 -6.217851237 X3 -10.113523797 1.38475142 -7.303494094
TABLE 42. RESULTS AT 4200Hz
4200 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -7.650776971 1.67932983 -4.55585129 X2 -19.207194367 1.56014498 -12.31115996 X3 -22.260182017 1.60544543 -13.86542428
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -5.1074935588 1.37868912 -3.704601341 X2 -7.5586894898 1.28084124 -5.901347685
X3 -9.5194610061 1.31803181 -7.222481964
TABLE 43. RESULTS AT 4300Hz
4300 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI -7.390373789 1.65707945 -4.45987897
X2 -19.1821035861.53947374 -12.46016937 X3 -21.7670826311.58417398 -13.74033587
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -4.8960648158 1.30757620 -3.744382017 X2 -6.7790754700 1.21477533 -5.580517913 X3 -8.7460200811 1.25004761 -6.996549598
TABLE 44. RESULTS AT 4400Hz
4400 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -7.146230694 1.63780680 -4.36329284 X2 -19.243600045 1.52156891 -12.64720903
X3 -21.178776976 1.56574926 -13.52628895
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI -4.87065603 1.25303258 -3.88709449 X2 -6.06657954 1.16410275 -5.21137805 X3 -8.16174608 1.19790370 -6.81335742
TABLE 45. RESULTS AT 4500Hz
4500 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -6.847453349 1.63031020 -4.20009231 X2 -19.340813305 1.51460436 -12.76954819 X3 -20.581624580 1.55858249 -13.20534829
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -4.952060307 1.20193410 -4.12007640
X2 -5.516111259 1.11663082 -4.93995971 X3 -7.888428986 1.14905337 -6.86515456
TABLE 46. RESULTS AT 4600Hz
4600 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -6.536781665 1.63166742 -4.00619732 X2 -19.370563786 1.51586525 -12.77855257 X3 -19.946411210 1.55987999 -12.78714471
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -4.583931130 1.20319291 -3.80980565 X2 -4.866591929 1.11780029 -4.35372220 X3 -7.363325177 1.15025680 -6.40146201
TABLE 47. RESULTS AT 4700Hz
4700 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -6.247439739 1.64057349 -3.80808282
X2 -19.485709545 1.52413924 -12.78473056 X3 -19.320813101 1.56839423 -12.31884990
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -4.277111412 1.20635740 -3.54547616 X2 -4.319781388 1.12074019 -3.85440034 X3 -6.818258071 1.15328207 -5.91204726
TABLE 48. RESULTS AT 4800Hz
4800 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -5.9496237669 1.65009622 -3.605622326 X2 -19.3341460166 1.53298612 -12.612081555 X3 -18.6504311493 1.57749799 -11.822792342
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -3.63533451 1.19702245 -3.03698108
X2 -3.68529686 1.11206776 -3.31391396 X3 -6.10429061 1.14435781 -5.33424995
TABLE 49. RESULTS AT 4900Hz
4900 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -5.69900795 1.67201132 -3.40847449 X2 -19.09922740 1.55334588 -12.29554066 X3 -18.04055946 1.59844891 -11.28629094
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -3.007209843 1.15216066 -2.61006121 X2 -3.037454396 1.07038989 -2.83770842
X3 -5.416608544 1.10146978 -4.91761883
TABLE 50. RESULTS AT 5000Hz
5000 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -5.42096921 1.69550964 -3.19725060
X2 -18.70751384 1.57517648 -11.87645583 X3 -17.36767314 1.62091338 -10.71474474
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -2.649642968 1.11875070 -2.36839447 X2 -2.583699149 1.03935109 -2.48587718 X3 -4.726811994 1.06952974 -4.41952366
TABLE 51. RESULTS AT 5100Hz
5100 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -5.12838471 1.72005712 -2.98152000 X2 -18.18322864 1.59798178 -11.37887104
X3 -16.68033428 1.64438087 -10.14383871
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -2.350640296 1.06203444 -2.21333717 X2 -2.222199512 0.98666007 -2.25224428 X3 -4.297318170 1.01530879 -4.23252337
TABLE 52. RESULTS AT 5200Hz
5200 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -4.846893396 1.73104035 -2.79998868 X2 -17.483734536 1.60818552 -10.87171496 X3 -15.991399029 1.65488088 -9.66317230
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -1.863905114 1.02038103 -1.82667559 X2 -1.588450835 0.94796287 -1.67564667
X3 -3.737920520 0.97548797 -3.83184685
TABLE 53. RESULTS AT 5300Hz
5300 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -4.635811384 1.74762530 -2.65263463 X2 -16.806580187 1.62359340 -10.35147110 X3 -15.434734844 1.67073615 -9.23828390
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -1.55178690 0.94658159 -1.6393588 X2 -1.11156094 0.87940111 -1.2639977 X3 -3.32312975 0.90493544 -3.6722285
TABLE 54. RESULTS AT 5400Hz
5400 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -4.296048437 1.76786473 -2.430077577 X2 -16.007405575 1.64239640 -9.746371538
X3 -14.827069029 1.69008511 -8.772971794
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI -1.357632686 0.92688227 -1.46473044
X2 -1.085022430 0.86109989 -1.26004247 X3 -3.141020167 0.88610283 -3.54475809
TABLE 55. RESULTS AT 5500Hz
5500 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -4.040537444 1.7891974 -2.258296111 X2 -15.177478550 1.6622150 -9.130875559 X3 -14.401720605 1.7104792 -8.419699405
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -1.172678260 0.90954444 -1.28930287
X2 -1.124977061 0.84499255 -1.33134554 X3 -3.053792404 0.86952779 -3.51201241
TABLE 56. RESULTS AT 5600Hz
5600 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI -3.842925160 1.8254446-2.10519960 X2 -14.418027712 1.6958897 -8.50174849 X3 -14.202779253 1.7451316-8.13851454
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -0.949080983 0.92183414 -1.02955721 X2 -0.951847054 0.85641002 -1.11143848
X3 -2.755459070 0.88127679 -3.12666701
TABLE 57. RESULTS AT 5700Hz
5700 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI -3.696893582 1.8553649 -1.99254262 X2 -13.570943809 1.7236865 -7.87320879 X3 -14.186977436 1.7737356 -7.99836104
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -0.981408120 0.94246447 -1.04132108 X2 -1.137744866 0.87557619 -1.29942417 X3 -2.818453141 0.90099947 -3.12814075
TABLE 58. RESULTS AT 5800Hz
5800 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -3.485335327 1.9118784 -1.82299003 X2 -12.900093591 1.7761892 -7.26279241
X3 -14.302358724 1.8277627 -7.82506305
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI -1.43215721 0.99833534 -1.4345452 X2 -1.30174219 0.92748180 -1.4035232 X3 -3.03832890 0.95441221 -3.1834556
TABLE 59. RESULTS AT 5900Hz
5900 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -3.470882999 1.9551480 -1.77525331 X2 -12.237829059 1.8163879 -6.73745358 X3 -14.656469432 1.8691286 -7.84133809
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -1.570601603 1.01546928 -1.54667564 X2 -1.143278073 0.94339973 -1.21187026
X3 -3.089089793 0.97079233 -3.18202946
TABLE 60. RESULTS AT 6000Hz
6000 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI -3.505504506 1.9935030 -1.75846459 X2 -11.643669192 1.8520208 -6.28700782 X3 -15.008307749 1.9057962 -7.87508551
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -1.4782767934 1.03060693 -1.43437498 X2 -0.9518932129 0.95746303 -0.99418273 X3 -2.8687898427 0.98526398 -2.91169667
TABLE 61. RESULTS AT 6100Hz
6100 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -3.527926580 2.0085812 -1.75642715 X2 -11.026150510 1.8660288 -5.90888537
X3 -15.238089915 1.9202110 -7.93563327
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI -1.581128817 1.06615246 -1.48302319 X2 -0.690258914 0.99048583 -0.69688924 X3 -2.842076531 1.01924563 -2.78841179
TABLE 62. RESULTS AT 6200Hz
6200 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -3.541042894 2.0249469 -1.748709011 X2 -10.499983894 1.8812330 -5.581437152 X3 -15.602866439 1.9358566 -8.059928816
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -1.560048975 1.10174868 -1.41597535
X2 -0.553851718 1.02355573 -0.54110558
X3 -2.6154690691.05327575 -2.48317600
TABLE 63. RESULTS AT 6300Hz
6300 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI -3.64729645 2.0274164 -1.79898731 X2 -9.92894474 1.8835273 -5.27146316 X3 -15.85389666 1.9382175 -8.17962727
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -1.38042349 1.09173705 -1.26442854 X2 -0.37261352 1.01425464 -0.36737669 X3 -2.33816761 1.04370459 -2.24025804
TABLE 64. RESULTS AT 6400Hz
6400 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -3.72431243 2.0226028 -1.84134638
X2 -9.47118863 1.8790553 -5.04039902
X3 -16.11724147 1.9336157 -8.33528692
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI -1.391813985 1.05689378 -1.31689107 X2 -0.267321456 0.98188426 -0.27225353 X3 -2.187831043 1.01039430 -2.16532401
TABLE 65. RESULTS AT 6500Hz
6500 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -3.713274489 2.0281956 -1.83082665 X2 -9.044965698 1.8842511 -4.80029737 X3 -16.426047721 1.9389623 -8.47156616
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -1.731417523 1.01416531 -1.707234029
X2 -0.548784418 0.94218829 -0.582457266 X3 -2.528227998 0.96954572 -2.607641843
TABLE 66. RESULTS AT 6600Hz
6600 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI -3.766690641 2.0267967 -1.85844519 X2 -8.678056381 1.8829516 -4.60875176 X3 -16.764044366 1.9376251 -8.65185156
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -1.98956391 0.95040501 -2.09338533 X2 -1.10722139 0.88295317 -1.25399786 . X3 -2.75192688 0.90859065 -3.02878627
TABLE 67. RESULTS AT 6700Hz
6700 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -4.014308937 2.0434736 -1.96445358
X2 -8.397504120 1.8984448 -4.42335962 X3 -17.021841498 1.9535682 -8.71320587
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI -2.407488315 0.94010973 -2.5608588 X2 -1.341366154 0.87338857 -1.5358183 X3 -2.928638691 0.89874832 -3.2585749
TABLE 68. RESULTS AT 6800Hz
6800 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -4.354917941 2.0694860 -2.10434760 X2 -8.141998692 1.9226111 -4.23486507 X3 -17.378004698 1.9784362 -8.78370757
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -2.500115515 0.98440958 -2.5397107
X2 -1.447595547 0.91454438 -1.5828598 X3 -2.996861320 0.94109914 -3.1844268
TABLE 69. RESULTS AT 6900Hz
6900 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI -4.7481856802.1060634-2.25453122 X2 -7.861928357 1.9565925 -4.01817352 X3 -17.572263041 2.0134043 -8.72763772
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -2.943078973 1.02579595 -2.8690686 X2 -1.751442140 0.95299349 -1.8378322 X3 -3.203777402 0.98066466 -3.2669449
TABLE 70. RESULTS AT 7000Hz
7000 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -5.36964885 2.1060878 -2.54958453
X2 -7.62145160 1.9566152 -3.89522250 X3 -17.63774396 2.0134276 -8.76005873
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -3.0958671835 1.09618801 -2.824211866 X2 -1.6347488389 1.01838971 -1.605229143 X3 -3.0436625264 1.04795973 -2.904369750
TABLE 71. RESULTS AT 7100Hz
7100 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -5.979052985 2.1484033 -2.78302176 X2 -7.409193538 1.9959275 -3.71215570 X3 -17.930145965 2.0538813 -8.72988412
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -2.93400085 1.12940070 -2.59783871
X2 -1.35279652 1.04924523 -1.28930442 X3 -2.84600351 1.07971117 -2.63589335
TABLE 72. RESULTS AT 7200Hz
7200 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -6.53523989 2.1790642 -2.9991039 X2 -7.29180932 2.0244124 -3.6019388 X3 -18.20102578 2.0831933 -8.7370797
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -2.854334671 1.13785077 -2.50853165 X2 -1.261150721 1.05709559 -1.19303375 X3 -2.983604193 1.08778948 -2.74281399
TABLE 73. RESULTS AT 7300Hz
7300 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -6.75636148 2.2050562 -3.06403143
X2 -7.08463282 2.0485597 -3.45834830 X3 -18.28648048 2.1080417 -8.67462921
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -2.82929369 1.10910247 -2.55097593 X2 -1.27314769 1.03038760 -1.23560075 X3 -3.10192981 1.06030599 -2.92550437
TABLE 74. RESULTS AT 7400Hz
7400 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -6.83076637 2.2407210 -3.04846800 X2 -6.91081533 2.0816933 -3.31980476 X3 -18.37488422 2.1421375 -8.57782685
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -2.49001160 1.07112286 -2.3246741
X2 -1.25209393 0.99510347 -1.2582550 X3 -2.88266037 1.02399735 -2.8151053
TABLE 75. RESULTS AT 7500Hz
7500 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -6.665475332 2.2928263 -2.90709996 X2 -6.678922730 2.1301006 -3.13549639 X3 -18.482033551 2.1919503 -8.43177578
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -2.14003047 1.05586865 -2.0267961 X2 -1.06587090 0.98093188 -1.0865901
X3 -2.78648541 1.00941427 -2.7604973
TABLE 76. RESULTS AT 7600Hz
7600 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -6.453321221 2.3169883 -2.785219570
X2 -6.517903336 2.1525478 -3.027994735 X3 -18.428207086 2.2150493 -8.319547271
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -1.81049894 1.05228996 -1.7205324 X2 -0.71468545 0.97760718 -0.7310558 X3 -2.58402589 1.00599303 -2.5686320
TABLE 77. RESULTS AT 7700Hz
7700 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -6.176510870 2.3478779 -2.63067809 X2 -6.290253935 2.1812450 -2.88379060
X3 -18.283821601 2.2445798 -8.14576596
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -1.48510082 1.07347198 -1.3834556 X2 -0.55147183 0.99728587 -0.5529727 X3 -2.27496805 1.02624312 -2.2167925
TABLE 78. RESULTS AT 7800Hz
7800 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -6.06108309 2.3716242 -2.55566757 X2 -6.19084626 2.2033061 -2.80979857 X3 -18.21570774 2.2672814 -8.03416280
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -1.413226227 1.09382747 -1.29200104 X2 -0.491633275 1.01619670 -0.48379736
X3 -2.147169312 1.04570304 -2.05332607
TABLE 79. RESULTS AT 7900Hz
7900 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -6.01019067 2.3741523 -2.53151017 X2 -6.17081726 2.2056547 -2.79772587 X3 -18.20382232 2.2696982 -8.02037121
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -1.116427464 1.12532100 -0.99209689 X2 -0.075233199 1.04545509 -0.07196215 X3 -2.042620033 1.07581097 -1.89867931
TABLE 80. RESULTS AT 8000Hz
8000 Hz
Insertion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value XI -5.994943790 2.3595836 -2.540678681 X2 -6.231208076 2.1921200 -2.842548786
X3 -18.251784219 2.2557705 -8.091152906
Occlusion Effect
Value Std.Error t.value
XI -0.919289912 1.11313021 -0.82586018
X2 0.150751742 1.03412949 0.14577647 X3 -1.869693540 1.06415653 -1.75697229
While preferred embodiments have been shown and described, various modifications and substitutions may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the present invention has been described by way of illustration and not limitation. What is claimed is:
Claims
1. A hearing aid, comprising:
a receiver positioned within the ear canal of a user, the receiver generating no more than about three decibels of insertion loss over audible frequencies.
2. The hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein the receiver generates no more than about two decibels of insertion loss over audible frequencies.
3. The hearing aid according to claim 2, wherein the receiver generates no more than about one decibel of insertion loss over audible frequencies.
4. The hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein the receiver generates no more than about three decibels of insertion loss over audible frequencies between about 2200 Hertz and about 5300 Hertz.
5. The hearing aid according to claim 4, wherein the receiver generates no more than about three decibels of insertion loss over audible frequencies between about 3000 Hertz and about 5000 Hertz.
6. The hearing aid according to claim 5, wherein the receiver generates no more than about three decibels of insertion loss over audible frequencies between about 3500 Hertz and about 4500 Hertz.
7. The hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein the receiver is positioned within the cartilaginous region of the ear canal of the user.
8. The hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein the receiver has a maximum lateral dimension that is less than half the maximum lateral dimension of a user's ear canal.
9. The hearing aid according to claim 8, wherein the receiver has a maximum lateral dimension that is less than thirty percent of the maximum lateral dimension of a user's ear canal.
10. The hearing aid according to claim 9, wherein the receiver has a maximum lateral dimension that is less than twenty percent of the maximum lateral dimension of .a user's ear canal.
11. The hearing aid according to claim 10, wherein the receiver has a maximum lateral dimension that is less than ten percent of the maximum lateral dimension of a user' s ear canal.
12. The hearing aid according to claim 11, wherein the receiver has a maximum lateral dimension that is less than five percent of the maximum lateral dimension of a user's ear canal.
13. The hearing aid according to claim 1, further comprising a sound processing unit; and an intermediate connecting portion between the sound processing unit and the receiver, wherein the intermediate connecting portion comprises an electrical conducting component and a stiffening wire, provided on at least a portion of the intermediate connecting portion.
14. The hearing aid according to claim 13, wherein the stiffening wire comprises a metal or alloy of metals.
15. The hearing aid according to claim 14, wherein the metal or alloy of metals has memory such that the wire may deflect and return to an original orientation.
16. The hearing aid according to claim 13, wherein the electrical conducting portion is provided at least partially within a first channel, and wherein the stiffening wire is provided external to the first channel.
17. The hearing aid according to claim 16, wherein the stiffening wire is provided within a second channel.
18. The hearing aid according to claim 13, wherein the stiffening wire extends within or on at least a portion of the receiver.
19. The hearing aid according to claim 1, further comprising a sound processing unit; and an intermediate connecting portion, wherein a retaining wire extends from at least one of the intermediate connecting portion and the receiver, and fiirther wherein the retaining wire is configured to engage at least a portion of the concha of a user's ear.
20. The hearing aid according to claim 19, wherein the intermediate portion comprises a stiffening element, and wherein the retaining wire extends from a portion of the stiffening element.
21. The hearing aid according to claim 19 or 20, wherein the retaining wire is configured such that the hearing aid has a maximum insertion depth into an ear canal.
22. The hearing aid according to claim 19 or 20, wherein the retaining wire is configured such that the hearing aid does not substantially contact any portion of an ear canal when inserted within the ear canal.
23. The hearing aid according to claim 1, further comprising a sound processing unit; and an intermediate connecting portion including at least two electrical conducting components provided within the intermediate connecting portion.
24. The hearing aid according to claim 23, wherein the at least two electrical conducting components are provided within at least two channels at least partially isolated from one another.
25. The hearing aid according to claim 24, wherein a stiffening wire is provided within an at least partially separate channel of the intermediate connecting portion.
26. The hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein the receiver comprises a spealcer, at least partially enclosed within a casing having first and second end portions, the first end portion communicating with an intermediate connecting portion, the spealcer communicating with a port provided at the second end portion of the casing.
27. The hearing aid according to claim 26, wherein the port is at least partially sealed to fluids by a membrane or mesh material.
28. The hearing aid according to claim 27, wherein the casing is sealed to fluids at the first end portion and along a length of the casing extending from the first end portion to the port.
29. The hearing aid according to claim 26, wherein the port includes a removable cerumen collector.
30. A hearing aid, comprising:
a receiver, configured to be positioned within the cartilaginous region of a user's ear canal, the receiver dimensioned so as to minimize insertion loss upon positioning of the receiver within the cartilaginous region.
31. The hearing aid according to claim 30, wherein the receiver generates no more than about three decibels of insertion loss over audible frequencies between about 2200 Hertz and about 5300 Hertz.
32. The hearing aid according to claim 30, wherein the receiver has a maximum lateral dimension that is less than twenty percent of the maximum lateral dimension of a user's ear canal.
33. The hearing aid according to claim 30, further comprising a sound processing unit; and an intermediate connecting portion, wherein a retaining wire extends from at least one of the intermediate connecting portion and the receiver, and further wherein the retaining wire is configured to engage at least a portion of the concha of a user's ear.
34. The hearing aid according to claim 30, further comprising a sound processing unit; and an mtermediate connecting portion between the sound processing unit and the receiver, wherein the intermediate connecting portion comprises an electrical conducting component and a stiffening wire, provided on at least a portion of the intermediate connecting portion.
35. The hearing aid according to claim 30, further comprising a sound processing unit; and an intermediate connecting portion including at least two electrical conducting components provided within the intermediate connecting portion, wherein the at least two electrical conducting components are provided within at least two channels at least partially isolated from one another.
36. A hearing aid, comprising:
a receiver, configured to be positioned within a user's ear canal, the receiver having a maximum lateral dimension that is less than thirty percent of the maximum lateral dimension of a user's ear canal.
37. The hearing aid according to claim 36, wherein the receiver has a maximum lateral dimension that is less than twenty percent of the maximum lateral dimension of a user's ear canal.
38. The hearing aid according to claim 36, wherein the receiver has a maximum lateral dimension that is less than ten percent of the maximum lateral dimension of a user's ear canal.
39. A hearing aid, comprising:
a receiver; a sound processing unit; and an intermediate connecting portion, wherein a retaining wire extends from at least one of the intermediate connecting portion and the receiver, and further wherein the retaining wire is configured to engage at least a portion of the concha of a user's ear.
40. A hearing aid, comprising:
a receiver; a sound processing unit; and an intermediate connecting portion, wherein the intermediate connecting portion comprises an electrical conducting component and a stiffening wire, provided on at least a portion of the intermediate connecting portion.
41. A hearing aid, comprising:
a receiver; a sound processing unit; and an intennediate connecting portion, including at least two electrical conducting components provided within the intermediate connecting portion, wherein the at least two electrical conducting components are provided within at least two channels at least partially isolated from one another.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08010893A EP1988743A3 (en) | 2003-02-05 | 2004-02-05 | Hearing aid system |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US44503403P | 2003-02-05 | 2003-02-05 | |
| US445034P | 2003-02-05 | ||
| PCT/US2004/003449 WO2004073349A2 (en) | 2003-02-05 | 2004-02-05 | Hearing aid system |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08010893A Division EP1988743A3 (en) | 2003-02-05 | 2004-02-05 | Hearing aid system |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1590988A2 true EP1590988A2 (en) | 2005-11-02 |
| EP1590988A4 EP1590988A4 (en) | 2006-06-14 |
| EP1590988B1 EP1590988B1 (en) | 2008-11-19 |
Family
ID=32869306
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08010893A Withdrawn EP1988743A3 (en) | 2003-02-05 | 2004-02-05 | Hearing aid system |
| EP04708638A Expired - Lifetime EP1590988B1 (en) | 2003-02-05 | 2004-02-05 | Hearing aid system |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08010893A Withdrawn EP1988743A3 (en) | 2003-02-05 | 2004-02-05 | Hearing aid system |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP1988743A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4006470B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1757262B (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE415069T1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0407290A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE602004017835D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK1590988T3 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2348122C2 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW200503572A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004073349A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004055753A1 (en) | 2004-11-18 | 2006-06-01 | Siemens Audiologische Technik Gmbh | Hearing aid and corresponding method for inserting the hearing aid |
| US7844065B2 (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2010-11-30 | Phonak Ag | Hearing instrument |
| US20100100362A1 (en) * | 2008-10-10 | 2010-04-22 | Siemens Corporation | Point-Based Shape Matching And Distance Applied To Ear Canal Models |
| EP2816822B1 (en) | 2013-06-20 | 2016-05-04 | Oticon A/s | Ear strap for a probe tube |
| US9571941B2 (en) | 2013-08-19 | 2017-02-14 | Knowles Electronics, Llc | Dynamic driver in hearing instrument |
| EP2919484A1 (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2015-09-16 | Oticon A/s | Method for producing hearing aid fittings |
| RU2766760C2 (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2022-03-15 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Исток Аудио" | Digital hearing aid with built-in accumulator |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE29718483U1 (en) * | 1997-10-17 | 1999-02-18 | Lux Wellenhof Gabriele | Holding device for attaching otological devices such as hearing aids, tinitus maskers and noise generators |
| WO2000001196A1 (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2000-01-06 | Resound Corporation | High quality open-canal sound transduction device and method |
| US6048305A (en) * | 1997-08-07 | 2000-04-11 | Natan Bauman | Apparatus and method for an open ear auditory pathway stimulator to manage tinnitus and hyperacusis |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5606621A (en) * | 1995-06-14 | 1997-02-25 | Siemens Hearing Instruments, Inc. | Hybrid behind-the-ear and completely-in-canal hearing aid |
| US6275596B1 (en) * | 1997-01-10 | 2001-08-14 | Gn Resound Corporation | Open ear canal hearing aid system |
| US6160895A (en) * | 1997-03-26 | 2000-12-12 | Dupont; Stephen | Hearing aid system with acoustical horn |
| US6021207A (en) * | 1997-04-03 | 2000-02-01 | Resound Corporation | Wireless open ear canal earpiece |
-
2004
- 2004-02-05 DK DK04708638T patent/DK1590988T3/en active
- 2004-02-05 BR BR0407290-1A patent/BRPI0407290A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-02-05 EP EP08010893A patent/EP1988743A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-02-05 AT AT04708638T patent/ATE415069T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-02-05 JP JP2006503375A patent/JP4006470B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-02-05 CN CN200480005563.4A patent/CN1757262B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-02-05 EP EP04708638A patent/EP1590988B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-02-05 RU RU2005127574/28A patent/RU2348122C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-02-05 DE DE602004017835T patent/DE602004017835D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-02-05 TW TW093102667A patent/TW200503572A/en unknown
- 2004-02-05 WO PCT/US2004/003449 patent/WO2004073349A2/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6048305A (en) * | 1997-08-07 | 2000-04-11 | Natan Bauman | Apparatus and method for an open ear auditory pathway stimulator to manage tinnitus and hyperacusis |
| DE29718483U1 (en) * | 1997-10-17 | 1999-02-18 | Lux Wellenhof Gabriele | Holding device for attaching otological devices such as hearing aids, tinitus maskers and noise generators |
| WO2000001196A1 (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2000-01-06 | Resound Corporation | High quality open-canal sound transduction device and method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of WO2004073349A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RU2005127574A (en) | 2006-01-27 |
| TW200503572A (en) | 2005-01-16 |
| BRPI0407290A (en) | 2006-01-31 |
| DK1590988T3 (en) | 2009-03-23 |
| JP2006518152A (en) | 2006-08-03 |
| ATE415069T1 (en) | 2008-12-15 |
| DE602004017835D1 (en) | 2009-01-02 |
| CN1757262A (en) | 2006-04-05 |
| EP1988743A3 (en) | 2013-01-02 |
| EP1590988B1 (en) | 2008-11-19 |
| EP1988743A2 (en) | 2008-11-05 |
| WO2004073349A2 (en) | 2004-08-26 |
| EP1590988A4 (en) | 2006-06-14 |
| CN1757262B (en) | 2012-05-23 |
| RU2348122C2 (en) | 2009-02-27 |
| WO2004073349A3 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
| JP4006470B2 (en) | 2007-11-14 |
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