EP1590654A1 - Systeme de mesure optique - Google Patents

Systeme de mesure optique

Info

Publication number
EP1590654A1
EP1590654A1 EP02776853A EP02776853A EP1590654A1 EP 1590654 A1 EP1590654 A1 EP 1590654A1 EP 02776853 A EP02776853 A EP 02776853A EP 02776853 A EP02776853 A EP 02776853A EP 1590654 A1 EP1590654 A1 EP 1590654A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
measuring system
cuvette
flow measuring
shaped part
light
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02776853A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Matthias Lau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sentronic GmbH Gesellschaft fuer Optische Messsysteme
Original Assignee
Sentronic GmbH Gesellschaft fuer Optische Messsysteme
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sentronic GmbH Gesellschaft fuer Optische Messsysteme filed Critical Sentronic GmbH Gesellschaft fuer Optische Messsysteme
Publication of EP1590654A1 publication Critical patent/EP1590654A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/55—Specular reflectivity
    • G01N21/552—Attenuated total reflection
    • G01N21/553—Attenuated total reflection and using surface plasmons
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/6408—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence with measurement of decay time, time resolved fluorescence

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an optical flow measuring system for determining components contained in gas mixtures or liquids, the respective gas mixture or the liquid being passed through a cuvette-shaped part during the measurement and the measurement being carried out in the cuvette-shaped part.
  • optical flow measurement system different elements or chemical compounds can be determined quantitatively and at least approximately in real time, so that it can be used advantageously, for example, in process measurement technology for controlling processes and in medical technology and here in particular in ventilation technology.
  • the concentrations or the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide, for example the concentration of hydrogen can also be determined optically and therefore also free of electrical potentials. The latter is particularly important for the detection of hydrogen, since there are very high requirements due to the high risk of explosion.
  • Seen in isolation there are some measuring methods and sensor types that are also suitable for determining the concentration of such elements or chemical compounds. As a rule, however, these are unsuitable for many applications, particularly because of their high costs or poor response time behavior.
  • optical flow measuring system which can determine at least almost synchronously at least two components, which can be contained in a gas mixture or in a liquid, quantitatively.
  • At least two optical sensor systems and / or sensitive elements for determining the concentration of at least one substance or the pH value are arranged within the cuvette-shaped part for this purpose.
  • the gas mixture or the liquid is guided through the cuvette-shaped part via connecting lines, which can generally and preferably also be designed as flexible hoses.
  • a light source and an optical detector can preferably be used to determine the concentration of carbon dioxide for such a sensor system, the light from the light source, which emits light in the wavelength range of the infrared light, being directed through the cuvette-shaped part onto the optical detector suitable for this wavelength range becomes.
  • the carbon dioxide concentration part of this infrared light is absorbed and the intensity of the light detected by the optical detector can be used as a measure of the carbon dioxide concentration, for example in the respiratory or respiratory air.
  • the cuvette-shaped part can consist entirely of a material that is transparent to this light. But there is also the possibility to design this from a corresponding light-absorbing material and only transparent windows for the Provide entry of light into the cuvette-shaped part and exit from the cuvette-shaped part. This can limit the influence of scattered light.
  • the cuvette-shaped part can be accommodated in a housing or can be an integral part of this housing. In the former case, it is advantageous to connect the cuvette-shaped part only temporarily to the housing part, so that the cuvette-shaped part can be easily removed and replaced.
  • the already mentioned light source and the optical detector as well as other optical and electronic components, which will be referred to later, can be accommodated in the housing.
  • a layer containing a fluorescent substance can be arranged as a sensitive element in the interior of the cuvette-shaped part.
  • the arrangement should be chosen so that it cannot be influenced by the light in the infrared wavelength range.
  • Such e.g. for oxygen-sensitive layers with correspondingly suitable fluorescent substances, such as the ruthenium complexes known for this purpose, include described in WO 96/37768 AI.
  • the layer containing the fluorescent substance, as a sensitive element, is then exposed to light from a light source which emits light at a wavelength suitable for exciting the fluorescence. radiates, the fluorescence intensity being influenced as a function of the respective oxygen concentration and weakened in the direction of higher concentrations. With the help of this phenomenon, the current one can be measured via the measured fluorescence intensity
  • Oxygen concentration can be determined. Not only the pure intensity can be determined, but also the temporal decay behavior, an occurring phase shift or angular shift can be used as a measure of the substance concentration.
  • the one or more light source (s) used for the fluorescence excitation can also be arranged within the cuvette-shaped part.
  • these light sources outside, in which case the fluorescence excitation light can advantageously be directed via optical fibers from the respective light source onto the layer containing the fluorescent substance.
  • Additional optical elements can be arranged between this layer and the light exit openings of the light sources or optical fibers, with which the light can be shaped, the images of which can be influenced accordingly and certain wavelength ranges can also be filtered out or polarization can be carried out.
  • Another sensitive element that can be used in a cuvette-shaped part of a flow system according to the invention is an optically transparent body, on the one end face of which is arranged inside the cuvette-shaped part, there are two partial surfaces inclined at an angle to one another.
  • a coating for example made of a noble metal (eg gold) is applied to at least one of the two inclined partial surfaces, so that surface plasmon resonance can be excited on the coated partial surface by the transparent body directed at the inclined partial surfaces, and this by the two inclined partial surfaces, back-reflected light can be directed onto an optical detector, the measured values also being able to be used as a measure of a substance concentration.
  • a sensitive element can be used, for example, for determining a hydrogen concentration.
  • a convex lens can be formed on the end face of such a transparent body, which is opposite the end face on which the inclined partial surfaces are formed, or a plano-convex lens can be arranged on this end face of the transparent body following a flat end face. with which the excitation light can be guided favorably into the transparent body and light reflected from partial areas can be directed onto a detector suitable for evaluation.
  • an intermediate layer made of a material with a refractive index different from the material of the transparent body can also be arranged or applied to such a transparent body, so that such a layer enables adaptation to a possible detectable refractive index range.
  • Sensitive elements such as the layer containing a fluorescent substance can be advantageous or a transparent body can also be applied to a carrier or connected to such a carrier.
  • a carrier should be able to be exchanged simply with the respective sensitive element, which may be necessary on the one hand when changing material components to be determined from the gas mixture or the liquid.
  • this is important since layers containing fluorescent substances in particular are subject to aging so that the useful life is limited with sufficient sensitivity and after a certain useful life of such a layer has been exceeded an exchange is necessary.
  • Such a carrier can be designed, for example, in a cap shape, which in this form can be placed on a measuring head and can be removed again as needed and required.
  • a measuring head contains, in particular, further optical elements, such as the optical elements, reflectors, filters or polarizers already mentioned, so that, in addition to being easy to replace, such a cap-shaped support also reduces the influence of scattered light.
  • a layer containing a fluorescent substance is provided as the sensitive element, it is advantageous to provide a temperature control device on the measuring head, which can be designed in the form of an electrical resistance heater. This can at least hinder the generally disruptive influence of condensed water on such a layer. This is of particular importance if the oxygen concentration in breathing or breathing air is to be determined.
  • a planar planar carrier can also be used as the carrier for such a layer. This should advantageously have profiles on the lateral edges, which can be inserted into correspondingly complementary profiles that are formed on the cuvette-shaped part of the flow measuring system according to the invention. As a result, such a carrier can be exchanged very simply by simply pushing it in and out of the cuvette-shaped part and, in addition to the small amount of time required for an exchange, this is also advantageous in terms of costs.
  • this number can of course be increased. With an increased number of such elements or systems, either the number of the respective components to be determined can then be increased, but at least one of these components can also be determined with two such systems or elements. In the latter case, the determination of this one component can be carried out simultaneously, but also alternately, with a sensor system or sensitive element in each case. This can be particularly advantageous in the case of a sensitive element which is a layer containing a fluorescent substance. Since in this case the time intervals in which an exchange of these sensitive elements is required can be increased accordingly.
  • the optical flow measuring system according to the invention can be used to determine the oxygen and at the same time determine the carbon dioxide concentration in breathing or breathing air. are set, the flow measuring system can be arranged directly in the main stream of air without an additional bypass line.
  • the path of the light guided through the gas mixture or the liquid (absorption path) before it reaches a suitable optical detector since the free cross-section of a cuvette-shaped part cannot be enlarged arbitrarily on the inside, it is expedient to design the inner surface in the cuvette-shaped part to be reflective for the light used. Such a reflective coating or the arrangement of reflectors can take place completely, but also only in areas inside the cuvette-shaped part, taking into account the alignment and arrangement of light sources and optical detectors.
  • a geometry of the free cross section of a cuvette-shaped part can be selected that is not completely rotationally symmetrical or concave, but that flat surface areas are formed on the inner surface of the cuvette-shaped part and that may also be at least almost over the entire length of the cuvette-shaped part
  • two such planar planar surface areas can be diametrically opposed to one another on the inner surface
  • Light source and an optical detector can be arranged.
  • Such a multi-reflection formation can advantageously be used, for example, for the determination of the carbon dioxide concentration already mentioned Determination of a methane gas concentration or a carbon monoxide concentration, which can be important when monitoring anesthetic gas.
  • the sensitivity of the measurement can be increased and thus smaller concentrations of components contained in a gas mixture or in a liquid can also be determined.
  • a simple, more cost-effective and short-term calibration can be carried out on the flow measuring system according to the invention by changing the internal pressure and thereby also the oxygen partial pressure in the cuvette-shaped part. This can be done by reducing the pressure, but advantageously by increasing the pressure, as a result of which the oxygen concentration in air, which can be used for this purpose, changes accordingly.
  • an element producing a pressure difference can be connected, it being possible to connect a correspondingly suitable pump on the suction or pressure side.
  • At least one of the connecting lines connected to the cuvette-shaped part should be closed during the calibration carried out in this way.
  • valves known per se can be used.
  • Particularly suitable valves are any form of pinch valve len, i.e. pneumatically or mechanically operated pinch valves.
  • flexible hoses, which form the connecting lines to the cuvette-shaped part can also be pressed together by mechanical means and the respective connecting line can be closed in this way.
  • the calibration of sensitive elements which are designed as a layer containing a fluorescent substance, can be carried out very easily, taking into account measurement signals and the respective pressure.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view through an example of a flow measuring system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional illustration through an example of an optical flow measuring system with a sensitive element, which represents a layer containing a fluorescent substance;
  • FIG. 3 shows a planar carrier for a layer containing a fluorescent substance with lateral profiles and a cuvette-shaped part with a complementary one
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic illustration of a measuring head which can be used on an optical flow measuring system according to the invention and has a cap-shaped carrier;
  • Figure 5 shows another example of such a measuring head with a transparent body which is attached to a cap-shaped carrier
  • FIG. 6 shows a third example of a measuring head with a transparent body attached to a cap-shaped carrier
  • FIG. 7 shows a fourth example of a measuring head
  • Figure 8 shows a fifth example of a measuring head
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of a design of a mechanically operated pinch valve for
  • Figure 10 shows the arrangement of a pump as a pressure difference generating element on a connection line to the cuvette-shaped part.
  • FIG. 1 The example of an optical flow measuring system according to the invention shown schematically in FIG. 1 is particularly suitable for determining the oxygen and simultaneous determination of the carbon dioxide concentration and can be used in particular in medical ventilation technology.
  • a cuvette-shaped part 1 with an inner channel 1 ' is temporarily connected to a housing 2. Can not be recognized by connecting lines here Breathing or respiratory air is guided through the inner channel 1 ".
  • the carbon dioxide concentration is used with a sensor system that uses a light source 4, which directs light through the inner channel 1 of the cuvette-shaped part 1 to an optical detector 4 V.
  • the entire inner free cross section of the cuvette-shaped part 1 is traversed and, depending on the carbon dioxide concentration present, more or less absorbed by the light in the wavelength range of the infrared light, so that a correspondingly higher or lower intensity can be detected with the 4 V optical detector ,
  • Both the housing 2 and a large part of the cuvette-shaped part 1 are made of a material that is not transparent to light in order to largely avoid stray light influences from the environment and also reflections in the interior of the cuvette-shaped part 1.
  • Transparent window areas 5 are formed on the cuvette-shaped part 1 diametrically opposite one another in the beam path of the light emerging from the light source 4 and openings in the housing 2 in relation to these window areas 5, the light source 4 and the optical detector.
  • the light source 4 is formed with a convexly curved light exit opening in order to achieve a corresponding bundling of the light, so that the majority of the light can also reach the optical detector 4 1 .
  • a layer 3 containing a fluorescent substance was used as the second sensitive element in the interior of the inner channel 1 in the cuvette-shaped part 1.
  • This layer 3 is arranged on a cap-shaped carrier 6, which is on a measuring heads up, has been easily replaced.
  • Embodiments for measuring heads 7 will be referred to below in further exemplary embodiments.
  • the line 8 can represent the connection for transmitting the measuring signals to an electronic evaluation unit.
  • further sensitive elements can be arranged in the inner channel 1 ⁇ of the cuvette-shaped part 1 in the form shown, but also in a different form, in order, for example, to be able to determine a third component.
  • a second sensitive element or sensor system has been dispensed with and only a layer 3 containing a fluorescent substance is shown schematically as a sensitive element and the fluorescence excitation light is not emitted from the back of the Layer 3 directed at this, but directed through the inner channel l 1 and the gas mixture to be detected or the liquid from a fluorescence excitation light source 19 to the layer 3. Furthermore, it is indicated schematically that the light emerging from the light source 19 is directed through an optical filter and an optical lens onto the layer 3 for fluorescence excitation.
  • the hardware electronics for the preparation and evaluation of the specific measurement signals can, as also indicated schematically in FIG. 2, be arranged in the cavity within the housing 2.
  • the arrangement of the light sources 19 and the light guidance of the respective light emerging from them should be chosen such that their apertures are only one another overlap in areas and larger areas are possible without overlap or no overlaps of the individual apertures.
  • FIGS. 4 to 8 show different designs of measuring heads 7 with and without cap-shaped carriers 6.
  • Appropriate suitable optical filters are arranged in the interior of the measuring head at the light inlets and outlets, via which the respective light can be guided selectively so that undesired wavelength ranges can be at least partially masked out.
  • Optical lenses for collimating the respective light are arranged in front of the light exit openings in order to direct the light emerging or entering from the optical fibers 10 in the desired shape onto the sensitive layer 3, which is attached to a cap-shaped carrier 6 and is designed for fluorescence excitation illuminate and optimally couple the fluorescent light into at least one of the optical fibers and direct it onto the corresponding optical detector.
  • temperature-regulating elements 9 enveloping the measuring head 7, preferably as electrical resistance heating elements, in order, for example, to at least hinder the formation of water condensate on the sensitive element.
  • FIG. 5 of a measuring head 7 that can be used in an optical flow measuring system according to the invention differs from the example according to FIG. 4 in that a transparent body 13 is attached to the cap-shaped carrier 6, with two partial surfaces in one from the cap-shaped carrier 6
  • the two partial surfaces inclined with respect to one another is provided with a coating suitable for this.
  • the dashed line is intended to indicate that it can be a transparent body 13 with a planar end face, to which a plano-convex lens can be arranged at a distance in order to be able to influence the light guidance in a targeted and advantageous manner.
  • this plano-convex lens is an integral part of the transparent body 13.
  • the example shown in FIG. 6 differs in the design of the measuring head 7 by the type of light guidance. Only two optical fibers 10 are shown here, the light inlet and outlet openings of which are inclined at a certain angle with respect to the horizontal, so that the light emerging from the optical fiber 10 shown here on the right strikes the reflecting element 11 after focusing with the optical lens 14 and emerges from the actual measuring head 7, enters the transparent body 13 via the convexly curved surface, reflects on both partial inclined surfaces and reflected light strikes the reflecting element 11 and the light reflected from there in turn via an optical filter 12 in the light entry opening, which enters the optical fiber 10 shown here on the left and strikes an optical detector (not shown) via it.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 additional cap-shaped carriers 6 have been dispensed with, and these representations are only intended to provide examples of further possibilities for guiding the light via corresponding orientations of the light fibers 10 with light entry and exit openings and according to FIGS. gur 8 an optical prism 15 are indicated.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 schematically indicate possibilities, such as for a calibration as has been explained in the general part of the description, with a mechanically operated pinch valve, a flexible connecting line 16 can be closed by pressing it together via an eccentric element in order to be able to use a pump 17 , as an element generating a pressure difference, e.g. to achieve a pressure increase in the interior of the cuvette-shaped part 1, the internal pressure in the interior of the cuvette-shaped part 1 being time-resolved during calibration in relation to the measurement signals which should be detected as the respective fluorescence intensity with an optical detector at the same time.
  • a pressure difference e.g. to achieve a pressure increase in the interior of the cuvette-shaped part 1
  • the internal pressure in the interior of the cuvette-shaped part 1 being time-resolved during calibration in relation to the measurement signals which should be detected as the respective fluorescence intensity with an optical detector at the same time.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
  • Optical Measuring Cells (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de mesure optique servant à déterminer des composants contenus dans des mélanges gazeux ou des liquides. Selon l'invention, chaque mélange gazeux ou liquide est guidé lors de la mesure à travers une partie en forme de cuve, et la mesure est effectuée dans cette partie en forme de cuve. A cet effet, au moins deux systèmes de détection optique et/ou éléments sensibles destinés à déterminer la concentration d'une substance ou la valeur du pH sont disposés sur et/ou dans ladite partie en forme de cuve.
EP02776853A 2002-10-23 2002-10-23 Systeme de mesure optique Withdrawn EP1590654A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DE2002/004010 WO2004040271A1 (fr) 2002-10-23 2002-10-23 Systeme de mesure optique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1590654A1 true EP1590654A1 (fr) 2005-11-02

Family

ID=32235219

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02776853A Withdrawn EP1590654A1 (fr) 2002-10-23 2002-10-23 Systeme de mesure optique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1590654A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2002339384A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004040271A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3178556A1 (fr) * 2015-12-10 2017-06-14 Holger Behnk Cuvette et procédé de mesure

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08184560A (ja) * 1994-12-28 1996-07-16 Hoechst Japan Ltd 有機溶剤蒸気を検出するための光センサ装置
JPH09329553A (ja) * 1996-06-07 1997-12-22 Hoechst Ind Kk 水中に溶存又は分散する化学物質を検出するための光学的センサ
JPH11183372A (ja) * 1997-12-19 1999-07-09 Toto Ltd Ｓｐｒセンサ装置および分析システムとこれを用いた検出方法
US6300638B1 (en) * 1998-11-12 2001-10-09 Calspan Srl Corporation Modular probe for total internal reflection fluorescence spectroscopy
DE10058579A1 (de) * 2000-11-18 2002-06-13 Sentronic Gmbh Ges Fuer Optisc Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur optischen Messung von Konzentrationen eines Stoffes

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2004040271A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2002339384A1 (en) 2004-05-25
WO2004040271A1 (fr) 2004-05-13

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