EP1584597A1 - Elevator control system - Google Patents
Elevator control system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1584597A1 EP1584597A1 EP02785990A EP02785990A EP1584597A1 EP 1584597 A1 EP1584597 A1 EP 1584597A1 EP 02785990 A EP02785990 A EP 02785990A EP 02785990 A EP02785990 A EP 02785990A EP 1584597 A1 EP1584597 A1 EP 1584597A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- elevator car
- electric motor
- rotation
- elevator
- control system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
- B66B1/24—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration
- B66B1/28—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical
- B66B1/32—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical effective on braking devices, e.g. acting on electrically controlled brakes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
- B66B1/24—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration
- B66B1/28—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical
- B66B1/30—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical effective on driving gear, e.g. acting on power electronics, on inverter or rectifier controlled motor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
- B66B1/34—Details, e.g. call counting devices, data transmission from car to control system, devices giving information to the control system
- B66B1/36—Means for stopping the cars, cages, or skips at predetermined levels
- B66B1/44—Means for stopping the cars, cages, or skips at predetermined levels and for taking account of disturbance factors, e.g. variation of load weight
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an elevator control system for, when malfunction occurs in an electromagnetic brake to cause an elevator car to move while passengers get on and off the elevator car after the elevator car of an elevator is stopped at a certain floor, carrying out control so as to cause an electric motor to generate a torque used to prevent the movement of the elevator car to stop the movement of the elevator car of the elevator, thereby further enhancing safety for passengers.
- a conventional elevator control system when malfunction occurs in an electromagnetic brake, restarts control for driving an electric motor, and operates an elevator car or counterweight at a safe speedup to a buffer to stop the elevator car or counterweight.
- a tachometer generator for measuring a rotational speed of the electric motor is used, but a detector for measuring a rotational angle as well like an encoder is not used (refer to JP 61-86380 A (page 2 and page 3, and FIG. 1), for example).
- the conventional elevator control system aims at merelymoving the elevator car including passengers to a safe position when malfunction occurs in the electromagnetic brake. Thus, it is not taken into consideration at all that the elevator car is prevented from being moved for the purpose of ensuring safety of passengers getting on and off the elevator car. In addition, for preventing the elevator car from being moved in such a situation, it becomes necessary to measure and control not only a rotational speed of the electric motor but also a rotational position of the electric motor. However, no consideration is taken with this respect.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is, therefore, an object of the present invention to obtain an elevator control system in which even when malfunction such as insufficiency in braking force occurs in an electromagnetic brake during activation of the electromagnetic brake, the braking force is increased by an electric motor to prevent passengers from being exposed to danger.
- the present invention aims at ensuring a necessary standstill holding force while an elevator car is stopped to further enhance safety even when malfunction should occur in an electromagnetic brake by using control for a driving torque of an electric motor.
- An elevator control system includes: a main rope for suspending an elevator car and a counterweight; a sheave wound with the main rope; an electric motor for rotating the sheave to move the elevator car; a controller for driving the electric motor; an electromagnetic brake for stopping the elevator car to hold the elevator car in a stationary state; and an encoder for detecting rotation of the electric motor.
- a rotational angle of the electric motor is detected by the encoder. Then, the controller controls driving of the electric motor so as to generate a torque used to prevent the rotation of the electric motor to thereby bring the elevator car to a stationary state at a landing position of the hall.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are views each showing a schematic construction of the elevator control system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Note that, in these figures, the same reference numerals designate the same or corresponding constituent elements.
- FIG. 1 shows an embodiment in roping at a ratio of 1 : 1
- FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in roping at a ratio of 2 : 1.
- the load weighing device 10 is not necessarilymounted to the positions shown in the figures, and hence may be mounted to a position where a total weight of passengers and their loads within an elevator car 1 can be directly or indirectlymeasured.
- FIG. 1 will hereinafter be described.
- an encoder (rotation detector) 7 is directly connected to a shaft of the electric motor 5, it may be mounted to any position of a hoisting machine 8 as long as such a position allows the rotation of the electric motor 5 or the sheave 4 to be detected.
- a detector for detecting movement of the elevator car 1 may also be mounted to the elevator car 1 in order to detect movement of the elevator car 1.
- any other measuring instrument such as a resolver may also be adopted as long as it can detect a rotational angle of the electric motor 5 or the sheave 4.
- a controller 9 drives the electric motor 5 to control an ascending/descending operation of the elevator car 1.
- the controller 9 controls the driving of the electric motor 5 so as to generate a torque used to prevent rotation of the electric motor 5 to thereby stop the elevator car 1 at a landing position of a certain hall 12 in a stationary state.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of the elevator control system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Note that, a basic construction of FIG. 3 is the same as that of FIGS. 1 and 2 except that the mounting positions of the load weighing device 10 and the elevator car position sensors 11 are different from those shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the encoder 7 used as an example of a rotation detector generates a pulse signal (rotation signal) in accordance with the rotation of the electric motor 5. Consequently, by counting those pulses, it is possible to obtain a conversion value of a rotation amount of the electric motor 5 or the sheave 4, i.e., a movement amount of the elevator car 1, and it is also possible to obtain a moving speed from generation intervals of the pulses.
- the load weighing device 10 is a device for measuring a payload such as passengers and the like within the elevator car 1.
- the device which is provided between a car frame and the elevator car 1 suspended by the main rope 3. That is to say, there is adopted the construction that the load weight within the elevator car 1 is transmitted to the car frame through the load weighing device 10 (it should be noted that the function of the load weighing device 10 is the same as that of the load weighing device 10 provided between the main rope 3 and the elevator car 1 as shown in FIG. 1).
- the elevator car position sensor 11 used as an example of a position detector is a sensor for detecting a position of the elevator car 1 in a hoistway of the elevator, and serves to detect a positional deviation amount or the like when the stop position of the elevator car 1 is deviated in an ascending or descending direction within the hoistway with a position of the elevator car 1 when properly stopped (this state is called landing) as a reference.
- a door open sensor 15 is a sensor provided in the elevator car 1 for detecting that the door 13 of the elevator car 1 is opened.
- An indicator 16 designates an indicator provided in the elevator car 1 in this example.
- the indicator there are various kinds of notifying means for passengers including visually notifying information in the form of a pattern such as characters or a picture using a display device, notifying information in the form of an alarm sound using a buzzer, and telling information using a broadcasting device.
- the controller 901 includes: an operation control unit 901; a driving control unit 902; a car position operation unit 903; a car speed operation unit 904; an auxiliary torque quantity operation unit 905; limitation means 906; a brake auxiliary torque control unit 907; a brake auxiliary torque command unit 908; a battery 909; and a notification control unit 910.
- the operation control unit 901 carries out control for a normal operation of the elevator.
- the operation control unit 901 issues a release command to release the electromagnetic brake 6 in accordance with an instruction for a operation, and issues a torque command for a torque to be generated by the electric motor 5 in accordance with a speed command arithmetically operated from a traveling speed pattern as a reference and a rotation signal from the encoder 7.
- the operation control unit 901 issues a command for a restraint torque used to make the speed of the elevator zero and issues a command to operate the electromagnetic brake 6, and after stop of the elevator, outputs a stop signal.
- the driving control unit 902 outputs a motor driving current in accordance with the torque command issued from the operation control unit 901 in order to cause the electric motor 5 to generate a specified torque.
- the car position operation unit 903 serves to detect a movement amount (degree) from the reference value, e.g., a movement amount from a position where the elevator car 1 is to be stopped on the basis of the rotation signal from the encoder 7.
- the car speed operation unit 904 detects a moving speed of the elevator car 1 on the basis of the rotation signal of the encoder 7.
- the auxiliary torque quantity operation unit 905 arithmetically operates a quantity of torque to be generated in the form of an auxiliary torque in the electric motor 5 in accordance with a balance signal from the load weighing device 10, or a movement amount representing positional deviation of the elevator car 1 expressed by a signal from the car position operation unit 903, or a moving speed of the elevator car 1 expressed by a signal from the car speed operation unit 904 (refer to FIGS. 5 and 6) .
- the auxiliary torque quantity operation unit 905 includes limitation means 906 for limiting the torque so as not to generate the torque larger than is needed, or for limiting a motor driving current, i.e., limiting the torque for the purpose of preventing burning of the electric motor 5 in order to prevent a main brake auxiliary torque from permitting a current to be continuously caused to flow through the electric motor 5 without releasing the electromagnetic brake 6.
- the brake auxiliary torque control unit 907 while continuing to receive a door open signal which has been sent from the door open sensor 15 and which exhibits that the door 13 of the elevator car 1 is opened with an input of the stop signal from the operation control unit 901 exhibiting that the elevator has been stopped as a start, judges on the basis of an output from the car position operation unit 903 or the elevator car position sensor 11 that a position of the elevator car 1 is being deviated from the position where the elevator is to be stopped to issue a command to generate a brake auxiliary torque in the electric motor 5 for the brake auxiliary torque command unit 908.
- the brake auxiliary torque control unit 907 even when the movement of the elevator car 1 is stopped, may continue to issue that command until the elevator car 1 starts to travel next time, or may continue to issue that command until the door 13 of the elevator car 1 is closed.
- that command is a command for preventing the elevator car 1 from continuing to be deviated from the stop position at least while a stop mode is valid.
- the brake auxiliary torque command unit 908 in response to the command to generate the brake auxiliary torque, outputs a motor driving current used to generate an auxiliary torque required for the driving control unit 902.
- the battery 909 is a unit for storage of electricity which is provided for the purpose of allowing the main function to be maintained even in a power failure.
- a secondary battery, a fuel cell or the like as well as a so-called lead storage battery may also be adopted as the battery 909.
- the battery 909 is adapted to be connected to the driving control unit 902 in accordance with a battery connection signal from the brake auxiliary torque control unit 907 to supply a power supply.
- the notification control unit 910 is a unit for operating the indicator 16 provided in the elevator car 1. A period of time when the main function of the brake auxiliary torque becomes valid corresponds to a period of time when the elevator car 1 is moved in spite of a door open state. Then, the notification control unit 910 carries out the control for the indicator 16 for informing passengers getting on the elevator car 1 of occurrence of a gap between a car floor and a hall floor, or informing passengers of that the main function of the brake auxiliary torque is intended to be utilized. In addition, since such a state may be caused in a case or the like where passengers over the designed capacity of the elevator car 1 get on the elevator car 1, the notification control unit 910 is also effective for information for urging some passengers to get off the elevator car 1.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship between a load and an unbalanced load (compensation for 50% of the counterweight), and a braking force required for the electromagnetic brake.
- a %load is a value exhibiting a percentage of the load with which the elevator car 1 is loaded compared with a weight when passengers reaching the passenger capacity (for example, 10 persons in the figure) of the elevator car 1 get on the elevator car as a reference (100% load).
- the %load becomes a reference exhibiting the braking force of the electromagnetic brake 6.
- Japanese Standard for a load up to 125%, an ability to safely decelerate the elevator car 1 to hold the elevator car 1 in a stationary state is required for the electromagnetic brake 6.
- European Standard two sets of mechanical brakes are necessary as the electromagnetic brake 6.
- the electromagnetic brake 6 is a unit which is very important for safety of the elevator.
- a highly reliable method is adopted for the electromagnetic brake 6 in order to prevent any of failures or mal functions fromoccurring, and hence the periodic maintenance becomes essential to the electromagnetic brake 6.
- a failure or malfunction occurs in the electromagnetic brake 6 resulting in insufficient braking force should be considered.
- the present invention aims at providing the controller 9 for, when in a state in which after the elevator car 1 is stopped at a certain hall 12, the door 13 of the elevator car 1 is opened in order to permit passengers to get on and off the elevator car 1, and the standstill holding force of the electromagnetic brake 6 is insufficient due to malfunction of some sort in the electromagnetic brake 6 though the electromagnetic brake 6 is in operation to cause the elevator 1 to start a little movement, and thus the rotational angle of the electric motor 5 is detected by the encoder 7, carrying out control for driving of the electric motor 5 so as to generate a torque used to prevent the rotation of the electric motor 5 to thereby stop the elevator car 1 at a landing position of the hall 12 in a stationary state.
- the present invention aims at providing the controller 9 for, when in a state in which after the elevator car 1 is stopped at a certain hall 12, the door 13 of the elevator car 1 is opened in order to permit passengers to get on and off the elevator car 1, the standstill holding force of the electromagnetic brake 6 is insufficient due to malfunction of some sort in the electromagnetic brake 6 though the electromagnetic brake 6 is in operation to permit the elevator 1 to start a little movement, and thus the rotational angle of the electric motor 5 is detected by the encoder 7, firstly carrying out the motor driving control for returning and moving the elevator car 1 to the position before the elevator car 1 starts the little movement, and next carrying out the motor driving control for causing the electric motor 5 to generate a torque used to prevent the movement of the elevator car 5 in order to maintain the stationary state of the elevator car 1.
- the present invention aims at providing the controller 9 for, when in a state in which after the elevator car 1 is stopped at a certain hall 12, the door 13 of the elevator car 1 is opened in order to permit passengers to get on and off the elevator car 1, the standstill holding force of the electromagnetic brake 6 is insufficient due to occurrence of malfunction in the electromagnetic brake 6 to permit the elevator car 1 to start a little movement, and thus the rotational angle of the electric motor 5 is detected by the encoder 7, and the movement of the elevator car 1 is prevented in accordance with the control for a torque of the electric motor 5, and the door 13 of the elevator car 1 is then closed, stopping the operation of the elevator after releasing the torque control for the electric motor 5 to move the elevator car 1 to an uppermost portion of a hoistway when a total weight of the elevator car 1 is smaller than that of the counterweight 2 and to move the elevator car 1 to a lowermost portion of hoistway when the total weight of the elevator car 1 is larger than that of the counterweight 2.
- the present invention includes the indicator 16 for, in a stage in which, when the elevator car 1 is stopped at a certain hall 12 and the door 13 of the elevator car 1 is opened, the elevator car 1 starts a little movement due to occurrence of malfunction in the electromagnetic brake 6, and the torque control for the electric motor 5 used to prevent the little movement of the elevator car 1 is activated to stop the elevator car 1, informing passengers within the elevator car 1 of that they are urged to go out into the hall 12 from the elevator car 1 using a display device, a broadcasting device, or a buzzer.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between the braking force generated by the electromagnetic brake and the payload of the elevator car.
- a solid line I represents a relationship between the braking force generated by the electromagnetic brake 6 and the payload (%load) of the elevator car 1 while the elevator car 1 is stopped at the hall 12. Since when the payload of the elevator car 1 is smaller than 50% (indicated by a point M), the weight of the counterweight 2 is heavier than that of the payload of the elevator car 1, a force in an ascending direction acts on the elevator car 1. Thus, this force in the ascending direction is balanced with the braking force of the electromagnetic brake 6 in a descending direction to hold the elevator car 1 in a stationary state. When the elevator car 1 is empty, the braking force of the electromagnetic brake 6 in the descending direction becomes maximum.
- Embodiment 1 An operation of Embodiment 1 will hereinafter be described by giving as an example a case where malfunction should occur in the electromagnetic brake 6 when the number of passengers within the elevator car 1 reaches nearly the passenger capacity.
- the elevator car 1 starts to be moved in the descending direction.
- the sheave 4 (or the electric motor 5) of the hoisting machine 8 is rotated by an angle determined on the basis of a movement amount of the elevator car 1, and a rotation amount of the sheave 4 (or the electric motor 5) is then detected by the encoder 7.
- the controller 1 of Embodiment 1 judges that malfunction has occurred in the electromagnetic brake 6 to start the torque control for the electric motor 5 to generate the braking force (the torque generated by the electric motor 5) as indicated by a straight line (dotted line) II shown in FIG. 5, a polygonal line (broken line) III, or a polygonal line (dashed line) IV in accordance with the payload. If not only the rotation detected by the encoder 7, but also the output of the elevator car position sensor 11 are used at the same time for the judgment concerned with whether or not malfunction has occurred in the electromagnetic brake 6, then it is possible to enhance the accuracy for the judgment.
- the elevator car 1 can be held in a stationary state. If the reduction in braking force due to malfunction in the electromagnetic brake 6 results in the braking force equal to or smaller than the braking force generated in accordance with the torque control for the electric motor of Embodiment 1, then the movement of the elevator car 1 can be prevented.
- an output of the elevator car position sensor 11 for measuring an ascending or descending position of the elevator car 1 within the hoistway is used together with the output of the encoder 7 to enhance accuracy and redundancy.
- FIG.6 is a diagram showing a relationship between the braking force generated by the electromagnetic brake and the payload of the elevator car.
- a limitation may be given by the limitation means 906 of the controller 9 so that in order to prevent the electric motor 5 from being overloaded, the braking force generated as shown in FIG. 6 neither becomes equal to or larger than a value indicated by a point P nor equal to or smaller than a value indicated by a point Q.
- This embodiment does not function when a power failure occurs in the power supply of the controller 9 occurs.
- the controller 9 is provided with the battery 909 provided for coping with a power failure of the power supply.
- measures to cope with a power failure are taken so that this embodiment functions even in when a power failure occurs.
- the elevator control system when in a state in which after the elevator car is stopped at a certain hall, the door of the elevator car is opened to permit passengers to get on and off the elevator car, the standstill holding force of the electromagnetic brake is insufficient due to malfunction of some sort though the electromagnetic brake is in operation to cause the elevator car to start a little movement, and thus a rotational angle of the electric motor is detected by the encoder, the driving control for the electric motor is carried out by the controller so as to generate a torque used to prevent the rotation of the electric motor. Consequently, there is offered an effect that it is possible to obtain the elevator control system in which even when malfunction such as insufficiency in braking force occurs in the electromagnetic brake, the braking force is increased by the electric motor to prevent any of passengers from being exposed to danger.
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- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Elevator Control (AREA)
- Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
Abstract
In an elevator including: an electric motor for rotating a
sheave wounded with a main rope suspending an elevator car and a
counterweight to move the electric car; a controller for driving
the electric motor; an electromagnetic brake for stopping the
elevator car to hold the elevator car in a stationary state; and
an encoder for detecting rotation of the electric motor, when in
a state in which after the elevator car is stopped at a certain
hall, a door of the elevator car is opened to permit passengers
to get on and off the elevator car, while the electromagnetic brake
is in operation, a standstill holding force of the electromagnetic
brake is insufficient to permit the elevator car to start a little
movement, and thus an rotational angle of the electric motor is
detected by the encoder, the controller controls the driving of
the electric motor so as to generate a torque used to prevent the
rotation of the electric motor.
Description
The present invention relates to an elevator control system
for, when malfunction occurs in an electromagnetic brake to cause
an elevator car to move while passengers get on and off the elevator
car after the elevator car of an elevator is stopped at a certain
floor, carrying out control so as to cause an electric motor to
generate a torque used to prevent the movement of the elevator car
to stop the movement of the elevator car of the elevator, thereby
further enhancing safety for passengers.
A conventional elevator control system, when malfunction
occurs in an electromagnetic brake, restarts control for driving
an electric motor, and operates an elevator car or counterweight
at a safe speedup to a buffer to stop the elevator car or counterweight.
In this case, for detection of the movement of the elevator car
due to occurrence of malfunction in the electromagnetic brake, a
tachometer generator for measuring a rotational speed of the electric
motor is used, but a detector for measuring a rotational angle as
well like an encoder is not used (refer to JP 61-86380 A (page 2
and page 3, and FIG. 1), for example).
The conventional elevator control system aims at merelymoving
the elevator car including passengers to a safe position when
malfunction occurs in the electromagnetic brake. Thus, it is not
taken into consideration at all that the elevator car is prevented
from being moved for the purpose of ensuring safety of passengers
getting on and off the elevator car. In addition, for preventing
the elevator car from being moved in such a situation, it becomes
necessary to measure and control not only a rotational speed of
the electric motor but also a rotational position of the electric
motor. However, no consideration is taken with this respect.
In the conventional elevator control system, there is
encountered a problem that when malfunction such as insufficiency
in braking force should occur in the electromagnetic brake in a
door open state where the elevator car is stopped at a certain floor,
the elevator car is moved with the door of the elevator car being
opened, and hence passengers getting on and off the elevator car
are exposed to danger.
The present invention has been made in order to solve the
above-mentioned problems, and it is, therefore, an object of the
present invention to obtain an elevator control system in which
even when malfunction such as insufficiency in braking force occurs
in an electromagnetic brake during activation of the electromagnetic
brake, the braking force is increased by an electric motor to prevent
passengers from being exposed to danger.
The present invention aims at ensuring a necessary standstill
holding force while an elevator car is stopped to further enhance
safety even when malfunction should occur in an electromagnetic
brake by using control for a driving torque of an electric motor.
An elevator control system according to the present invention,
includes: a main rope for suspending an elevator car and a
counterweight; a sheave wound with the main rope; an electric motor
for rotating the sheave to move the elevator car; a controller for
driving the electric motor; an electromagnetic brake for stopping
the elevator car to hold the elevator car in a stationary state;
and an encoder for detecting rotation of the electric motor. In
the system, in a state in which after the elevator car is stopped
at a certain hall, a door of the elevator car is opened to permit
passengers to get on and off the elevator car, and a standstill
holding force of the electromagnetic brake is insufficient due to
occurrence of malfunction of some sort though the electromagnetic
brake is in operation to cause the elevator car to start a little
movement, a rotational angle of the electric motor is detected by
the encoder. Then, the controller controls driving of the electric
motor so as to generate a torque used to prevent the rotation of
the electric motor to thereby bring the elevator car to a stationary
state at a landing position of the hall.
Embodiment of the present invention will hereinafter be
described on the basis of the accompanying drawings.
An elevator control system according to Embodiment 1 of the
present invention will now be described with reference to the
accompanying drawings. FIGS. 1 and 2 are views each showing a
schematic construction of the elevator control system according
to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Note that, in these figures,
the same reference numerals designate the same or corresponding
constituent elements.
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment in roping at a ratio of 1 : 1, and
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in roping at a ratio of 2 : 1. There
is no large difference between both the cases except that there
is a difference in position of a loadweighing device 10. In addition,
the load weighing device 10 is not necessarilymounted to the positions
shown in the figures, and hence may be mounted to a position where
a total weight of passengers and their loads within an elevator
car 1 can be directly or indirectlymeasured. FIG. 1 will hereinafter
be described.
In FIG. 1, in an elevator, the elevator car 1 and a counterweight
2 are suspended through a sheave 4 by a main rope 3. Then, a weight
obtained by adding a weight about half the passenger capacity to
a weight of the elevator car 1 balanced with a weight of the
counterweight 2. However, in a normal operation state, since the
number of passengers on the elevator car 1 changes from zero to
the passenger capacity, the two weights are not balanced. For this
reason, when the elevator car 1 is stopped at a certain floor, an
unbalanced weight, i.e., a torque corresponding to an unbalanced
load is given to the sheave 4 by an electric motor 5, and an
electromagnetic brake 6 is then operated to hold the elevator car
1 in a stationary state without being self-propelled.
While an encoder (rotation detector) 7 is directly connected
to a shaft of the electric motor 5, it may be mounted to any position
of a hoisting machine 8 as long as such a position allows the rotation
of the electric motor 5 or the sheave 4 to be detected. In addition,
finally, a detector for detecting movement of the elevator car 1
may also be mounted to the elevator car 1 in order to detect movement
of the elevator car 1. Moreover, for the encoder 7, any other
measuring instrument such as a resolver may also be adopted as long
as it can detect a rotational angle of the electric motor 5 or the
sheave 4.
A controller 9 drives the electric motor 5 to control an
ascending/descending operation of the elevator car 1. In addition,
as an object of this application, the controller 9 controls the
driving of the electric motor 5 so as to generate a torque used
to prevent rotation of the electric motor 5 to thereby stop the
elevator car 1 at a landing position of a certain hall 12 in a stationary
state. This is performed such that when in a state in which after
the elevator car 1 is stopped at the certain hall 12, a door 13
of the elevator car 1 and a door 14 of the hall 12 are opened in
order to permit passengers to get on and off the elevator car 1,
and a standstill holding force of the electromagnetic brake 5 is
insufficient due to malfunction of some sort though the
electromagnetic brake 9 is in operation to cause the elevator car
1 to start a little movement, a rotational angle of the electric
motor 5 is detected by the encoder 7. Note that, elevator car position
sensors (position detectors) 11 are mounted to lower portions of
the hall 12 and the elevator car 1, respectively.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of the
elevator control system according to Embodiment 1 of the present
invention. Note that, a basic construction of FIG. 3 is the same
as that of FIGS. 1 and 2 except that the mounting positions of the
load weighing device 10 and the elevator car position sensors 11
are different from those shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
In FIG. 3, the encoder 7 used as an example of a rotation detector
generates a pulse signal (rotation signal) in accordance with the
rotation of the electric motor 5. Consequently, by counting those
pulses, it is possible to obtain a conversion value of a rotation
amount of the electric motor 5 or the sheave 4, i.e., a movement
amount of the elevator car 1, and it is also possible to obtain
a moving speed from generation intervals of the pulses.
The load weighing device 10 is a device for measuring a payload
such as passengers and the like within the elevator car 1. In case
of this example, there is shown the device which is provided between
a car frame and the elevator car 1 suspended by the main rope 3.
That is to say, there is adopted the construction that the load
weight within the elevator car 1 is transmitted to the car frame
through the load weighing device 10 (it should be noted that the
function of the load weighing device 10 is the same as that of the
load weighing device 10 provided between the main rope 3 and the
elevator car 1 as shown in FIG. 1).
The elevator car position sensor 11 used as an example of a
position detector is a sensor for detecting a position of the elevator
car 1 in a hoistway of the elevator, and serves to detect a positional
deviation amount or the like when the stop position of the elevator
car 1 is deviated in an ascending or descending direction within
the hoistway with a position of the elevator car 1 when properly
stopped (this state is called landing) as a reference.
A door open sensor 15 is a sensor provided in the elevator
car 1 for detecting that the door 13 of the elevator car 1 is opened.
An indicator 16 designates an indicator provided in the
elevator car 1 in this example. As for the indicator, there are
various kinds of notifying means for passengers including visually
notifying information in the form of a pattern such as characters
or a picture using a display device, notifying information in the
form of an alarm sound using a buzzer, and telling information using
a broadcasting device.
Moreover, in FIG. 3, the controller 901 includes: an operation
control unit 901; a driving control unit 902; a car position operation
unit 903; a car speed operation unit 904; an auxiliary torque quantity
operation unit 905; limitation means 906; a brake auxiliary torque
control unit 907; a brake auxiliary torque command unit 908; a battery
909; and a notification control unit 910.
The operation control unit 901 carries out control for a normal
operation of the elevator. The operation control unit 901 issues
a release command to release the electromagnetic brake 6 in accordance
with an instruction for a operation, and issues a torque command
for a torque to be generated by the electric motor 5 in accordance
with a speed command arithmetically operated from a traveling speed
pattern as a reference and a rotation signal from the encoder 7.
Inaddition, when the elevator is intended to be stopped, the operation
control unit 901 issues a command for a restraint torque used to
make the speed of the elevator zero and issues a command to operate
the electromagnetic brake 6, and after stop of the elevator, outputs
a stop signal.
The driving control unit 902 outputs a motor driving current
in accordance with the torque command issued from the operation
control unit 901 in order to cause the electric motor 5 to generate
a specified torque.
The car position operation unit 903 serves to detect a movement
amount (degree) from the reference value, e.g., a movement amount
from a position where the elevator car 1 is to be stopped on the
basis of the rotation signal from the encoder 7.
The car speed operation unit 904 detects a moving speed of
the elevator car 1 on the basis of the rotation signal of the encoder
7.
The auxiliary torque quantity operation unit 905
arithmetically operates a quantity of torque to be generated in
the form of an auxiliary torque in the electric motor 5 in accordance
with a balance signal from the load weighing device 10, or a movement
amount representing positional deviation of the elevator car 1
expressed by a signal from the car position operation unit 903,
or a moving speed of the elevator car 1 expressed by a signal from
the car speed operation unit 904 (refer to FIGS. 5 and 6) . In addition,
the auxiliary torque quantity operation unit 905 includes limitation
means 906 for limiting the torque so as not to generate the torque
larger than is needed, or for limiting a motor driving current,
i.e., limiting the torque for the purpose of preventing burning
of the electric motor 5 in order to prevent a main brake auxiliary
torque from permitting a current to be continuously caused to flow
through the electric motor 5 without releasing the electromagnetic
brake 6.
The brake auxiliary torque control unit 907, while continuing
to receive a door open signal which has been sent from the door
open sensor 15 and which exhibits that the door 13 of the elevator
car 1 is opened with an input of the stop signal from the operation
control unit 901 exhibiting that the elevator has been stopped as
a start, judges on the basis of an output from the car position
operation unit 903 or the elevator car position sensor 11 that a
position of the elevator car 1 is being deviated from the position
where the elevator is to be stopped to issue a command to generate
a brake auxiliary torque in the electric motor 5 for the brake
auxiliary torque command unit 908. The brake auxiliary torque
control unit 907, even when the movement of the elevator car 1 is
stopped, may continue to issue that command until the elevator car
1 starts to travel next time, or may continue to issue that command
until the door 13 of the elevator car 1 is closed. In other words,
that command is a command for preventing the elevator car 1 from
continuing to be deviated from the stop position at least while
a stop mode is valid.
The brake auxiliary torque command unit 908, in response to
the command to generate the brake auxiliary torque, outputs a motor
driving current used to generate an auxiliary torque required for
the driving control unit 902.
The battery 909 is a unit for storage of electricity which
is provided for the purpose of allowing the main function to be
maintained even in a power failure. Thus, a secondary battery, a
fuel cell or the like as well as a so-called lead storage battery
may also be adopted as the battery 909. The battery 909 is adapted
to be connected to the driving control unit 902 in accordance with
a battery connection signal from the brake auxiliary torque control
unit 907 to supply a power supply.
The notification control unit 910 is a unit for operating the
indicator 16 provided in the elevator car 1. A period of time when
the main function of the brake auxiliary torque becomes valid
corresponds to a period of time when the elevator car 1 is moved
in spite of a door open state. Then, the notification control unit
910 carries out the control for the indicator 16 for informing
passengers getting on the elevator car 1 of occurrence of a gap
between a car floor and a hall floor, or informing passengers of
that the main function of the brake auxiliary torque is intended
to be utilized. In addition, since such a state may be caused in
a case or the like where passengers over the designed capacity of
the elevator car 1 get on the elevator car 1, the notification control
unit 910 is also effective for information for urging some passengers
to get off the elevator car 1.
Next, an operation of the elevator control system according
to Embodiment 1 will hereinafter be described with reference to
the drawings.
In the following description, a case where the weight of the
counterweight 2 is balanced with a load which is 50% of the designed
capacity of the elevator car 1 is given as an example.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship between a load and
an unbalanced load (compensation for 50% of the counterweight),
and a braking force required for the electromagnetic brake.
In FIG. 4, a %load is a value exhibiting a percentage of the
load with which the elevator car 1 is loaded compared with a weight
when passengers reaching the passenger capacity (for example, 10
persons in the figure) of the elevator car 1 get on the elevator
car as a reference (100% load). Hence, the %load becomes a reference
exhibiting the braking force of the electromagnetic brake 6. In
Japanese Standard, for a load up to 125%, an ability to safely
decelerate the elevator car 1 to hold the elevator car 1 in a stationary
state is required for the electromagnetic brake 6. On the other
hand, in European Standard, two sets of mechanical brakes are
necessary as the electromagnetic brake 6. As for the ability, in
case of double braking, there is required an ability to stop a hoisting
machine 8 when a 125% load is descended at a rated speed, while
in case of single braking when one set of mechanical brakes has
lost its abilities, there is required an ability to stop the hoisting
machine 8 when a 100% load is descended at a rated speed.
As described above, the electromagnetic brake 6 is a unit which
is very important for safety of the elevator. Thus, a highly reliable
method is adopted for the electromagnetic brake 6 in order to prevent
any of failures or mal functions fromoccurring, and hence the periodic
maintenance becomes essential to the electromagnetic brake 6.
However, a case where though being very unusual, a failure or
malfunction occurs in the electromagnetic brake 6 resulting in
insufficient braking force should be considered.
The present invention aims at providing the controller 9 for,
when in a state in which after the elevator car 1 is stopped at
a certain hall 12, the door 13 of the elevator car 1 is opened in
order to permit passengers to get on and off the elevator car 1,
and the standstill holding force of the electromagnetic brake 6
is insufficient due to malfunction of some sort in the electromagnetic
brake 6 though the electromagnetic brake 6 is in operation to cause
the elevator 1 to start a little movement, and thus the rotational
angle of the electric motor 5 is detected by the encoder 7, carrying
out control for driving of the electric motor 5 so as to generate
a torque used to prevent the rotation of the electric motor 5 to
thereby stop the elevator car 1 at a landing position of the hall
12 in a stationary state.
In addition, the present invention aims at providing the
controller 9 for, when in a state in which after the elevator car
1 is stopped at a certain hall 12, the door 13 of the elevator car
1 is opened in order to permit passengers to get on and off the
elevator car 1, the standstill holding force of the electromagnetic
brake 6 is insufficient due to malfunction of some sort in the
electromagnetic brake 6 though the electromagnetic brake 6 is in
operation to permit the elevator 1 to start a little movement, and
thus the rotational angle of the electric motor 5 is detected by
the encoder 7, firstly carrying out the motor driving control for
returning and moving the elevator car 1 to the position before the
elevator car 1 starts the little movement, and next carrying out
the motor driving control for causing the electric motor 5 to generate
a torque used to prevent the movement of the elevator car 5 in order
to maintain the stationary state of the elevator car 1.
Moreover, the present invention aims at providing the
controller 9 for, when in a state in which after the elevator car
1 is stopped at a certain hall 12, the door 13 of the elevator car
1 is opened in order to permit passengers to get on and off the
elevator car 1, the standstill holding force of the electromagnetic
brake 6 is insufficient due to occurrence of malfunction in the
electromagnetic brake 6 to permit the elevator car 1 to start a
little movement, and thus the rotational angle of the electric motor
5 is detected by the encoder 7, and the movement of the elevator
car 1 is prevented in accordance with the control for a torque of
the electric motor 5, and the door 13 of the elevator car 1 is then
closed, stopping the operation of the elevator after releasing the
torque control for the electric motor 5 to move the elevator car
1 to an uppermost portion of a hoistway when a total weight of the
elevator car 1 is smaller than that of the counterweight 2 and to
move the elevator car 1 to a lowermost portion of hoistway when
the total weight of the elevator car 1 is larger than that of the
counterweight 2.
Furthermore, the present invention includes the indicator 16
for, in a stage in which, when the elevator car 1 is stopped at
a certain hall 12 and the door 13 of the elevator car 1 is opened,
the elevator car 1 starts a little movement due to occurrence of
malfunction in the electromagnetic brake 6, and the torque control
for the electric motor 5 used to prevent the little movement of
the elevator car 1 is activated to stop the elevator car 1, informing
passengers within the elevator car 1 of that they are urged to go
out into the hall 12 from the elevator car 1 using a display device,
a broadcasting device, or a buzzer.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between the braking
force generated by the electromagnetic brake and the payload of
the elevator car.
In FIG. 5, a solid line I represents a relationship between
the braking force generated by the electromagnetic brake 6 and the
payload (%load) of the elevator car 1 while the elevator car 1 is
stopped at the hall 12. Since when the payload of the elevator car
1 is smaller than 50% (indicated by a point M), the weight of the
counterweight 2 is heavier than that of the payload of the elevator
car 1, a force in an ascending direction acts on the elevator car
1. Thus, this force in the ascending direction is balanced with
the braking force of the electromagnetic brake 6 in a descending
direction to hold the elevator car 1 in a stationary state. When
the elevator car 1 is empty, the braking force of the electromagnetic
brake 6 in the descending direction becomes maximum. On the other
hand, when the payload of the elevator car 1 is equal to or larger
than 50% (indicated by the point M), a force in a descending direction
acts on the elevator car 1, and this force in the descending direction
will be balanced with the braking force of the electromagnetic brake
6 in the ascending direction.
An operation of Embodiment 1 will hereinafter be described
by giving as an example a case where malfunction should occur in
the electromagnetic brake 6 when the number of passengers within
the elevator car 1 reaches nearly the passenger capacity.
At the time when the braking force of the electromagnetic brake
6 becomes equal to or smaller than any value expressed by the solid
line I of FIG. 5 due to malfunction of the electromagnetic brake
6, the elevator car 1 starts to be moved in the descending direction.
At this time, the sheave 4 (or the electric motor 5) of the hoisting
machine 8 is rotated by an angle determined on the basis of a movement
amount of the elevator car 1, and a rotation amount of the sheave
4 (or the electric motor 5) is then detected by the encoder 7.
When the rotation of the sheave 4 is detected by the encoder
7 though the electromagnetic brake 6 is in operation, the controller
1 of Embodiment 1 judges that malfunction has occurred in the
electromagnetic brake 6 to start the torque control for the electric
motor 5 to generate the braking force (the torque generated by the
electric motor 5) as indicated by a straight line (dotted line)
II shown in FIG. 5, a polygonal line (broken line) III, or a polygonal
line (dashed line) IV in accordance with the payload. If not only
the rotation detected by the encoder 7, but also the output of the
elevator car position sensor 11 are used at the same time for the
judgment concerned with whether or not malfunction has occurred
in the electromagnetic brake 6, then it is possible to enhance the
accuracy for the judgment.
As a result, if the electromagnetic brake 6 has only to generate
the braking force corresponding to a difference between the straight
line I and the line II, III, or IV, then the elevator car 1 can
be held in a stationary state. If the reduction in braking force
due to malfunction in the electromagnetic brake 6 results in the
braking force equal to or smaller than the braking force generated
in accordance with the torque control for the electric motor of
Embodiment 1, then the movement of the elevator car 1 can be prevented.
For to what value the torque value generated in accordance
with the torque control for the electric motor is set, various kinds
of methods are conceivable.
In a stage in which a little movement of the electric motor
5 is detected by the encoder 7, which of the ascending braking force
or the descending braking force is insufficient can be judged on
the basis of a direction of the rotation concerned. In addition,
if the weight of the counterweight 2 is subtracted from an output
value from the load weighing device 10, then a value of the unbalanced
load is obtained. Thus, a direction and a magnitude of the braking
force required to hold the elevator car 1 in a stationary state
can be estimated with higher accuracy.
It is also possible that an output of the elevator car position
sensor 11 for measuring an ascending or descending position of the
elevator car 1 within the hoistway is used together with the output
of the encoder 7 to enhance accuracy and redundancy.
For a value of the torque applied to the electric motor 5 in
order to prevent the rotation of the electric motor 5, there are
a method in which the braking force corresponding to the unbalanced
load is generated with the electric motor 5 as indicated by the
straight line II of FIG. 5 on the basis of a value of the unbalanced
load measured with the load weighing device 10, a method in which
as indicated by the polygonal line III, no braking force is generated
when the payload falls within a dead zone lying between a point
A and a point B, but in any zone other than the dead zone, the braking
force is generated with the electric motor 5 in correspondence with
the unbalanced load, a method in which in zones other than the dead
zone, the braking force (point C) having a positive constant value
and the braking force having a negative constant value are generated
with the electric motor 5 as indicated by the polygonal line IV,
respectively, or the like.
Even in a case where no load weighing device 10 is provided,
it is also possible that an arithmetic operation is carried out
on the basis of the direction of a little movement of the elevator
car 1 detected by the encoder 7, the degree (movement amount), and
the moving speed to generate the braking force as indicated by the
polygonal line IV of FIG. 5 with the electric motor 5. Of course,
a method of using an output of the load weighing device 10 together
with an output of the encoder 7 is desirable.
FIG.6 is a diagram showing a relationship between the braking
force generated by the electromagnetic brake and the payload of
the elevator car.
In a case where the braking force is generated with the electric
motor 5, a limitation may be given by the limitation means 906 of
the controller 9 so that in order to prevent the electric motor
5 from being overloaded, the braking force generated as shown in
FIG. 6 neither becomes equal to or larger than a value indicated
by a point P nor equal to or smaller than a value indicated by a
point Q.
In a case where there can be verified a safe state in which
after the elevator car 1 is stopped, the door of the elevator car
1 is opened in accordance with the torque control for the electric
motor of this embodiment, passengers may be informed of the fact
that they are urged to early get out the elevator car 1 using the
indicator 16 under the control of the notification control unit
910 of the controller 9.
If it is verified that after the movement of the elevator car
1 has been prevented in accordance with the torque control for the
electric motor 5, the door 13 of the elevator car 1 is closed, then
in order to cope with malfunction of the electromagnetic brake 6,
it is important that even when the torque control for the electric
motor 5 is released, the elevator car 1 is moved up to a position
which is safe for the elevator car 1. It is to be understood that
thereafter, the operation of the elevator should be stopped.
This embodiment does not function when a power failure occurs
in the power supply of the controller 9 occurs. In order to avoid
this situation, the controller 9 is provided with the battery 909
provided for coping with a power failure of the power supply. Thus,
measures to cope with a power failure are taken so that this embodiment
functions even in when a power failure occurs.
In the elevator control system according to the present
invention, as described above, when in a state in which after the
elevator car is stopped at a certain hall, the door of the elevator
car is opened to permit passengers to get on and off the elevator
car, the standstill holding force of the electromagnetic brake is
insufficient due to malfunction of some sort though the
electromagnetic brake is in operation to cause the elevator car
to start a little movement, and thus a rotational angle of the electric
motor is detected by the encoder, the driving control for the electric
motor is carried out by the controller so as to generate a torque
used to prevent the rotation of the electric motor. Consequently,
there is offered an effect that it is possible to obtain the elevator
control system in which even when malfunction such as insufficiency
in braking force occurs in the electromagnetic brake, the braking
force is increased by the electric motor to prevent any of passengers
from being exposed to danger.
Claims (10)
- An elevator control system, comprising:an electric motor for rotating a sheave wounded with a main rope suspending an elevator car and a counterweight to move the elevator car;a rotation detector for detecting rotation of the electric motor to output a rotation signal;a brake for stopping the elevator car to hold the elevator car in a stationary state; anda controller for, when the rotation of the electric motor is detected on the basis of the rotation signal from the rotation detector while the brake is in operation, controlling driving of the electric motor so as to generate a torque used to prevent the rotation.
- An elevator control system, comprising:an electric motor for rotating a sheave wounded with a main rope suspending an elevator car and a counterweight to move the elevator car;a position detector for detecting a position of the elevator car to output a position signal;a brake for stopping the elevator car to hold the elevator car in a stationary state; anda controller for, when a positional deviation of the elevator car caused due to rotation of the electric motor is detected on the basis of the position signal from the position detector while the brake is in operation, controlling the driving of the electric motor so as to generate a torque used to prevent the rotation.
- An elevator control system, comprising:an electric motor for rotating a sheave wounded with a main rope suspending an elevator car and a counterweight to move the elevator car;a rotation detector for detecting rotation of the electric motor to output a rotation signal;a position detector for detecting a position of the elevator car to output a position signal;a brake for stopping the elevator car to hold the elevator car in a stationary state; anda controller for, when the rotation of the electric motor is detected on the basis of the rotation signal from the rotation detector, or when a positional deviation of the elevator car caused due to the rotation of the electric motor is detected on the basis of the position signal from the position detector while the brake is in operation, controlling driving of the electric motor so as to generate a torque used to prevent the rotation.
- An elevator control system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a door open sensor provided in the elevator car for detecting that a door of the elevator car is opened to output a door open signal,
wherein when it is judged on the basis of the door open signal from the door open sensor that after the elevator car is stopped at a predetermined hall, the door of the elevator car is opened to permit passengers to get on and off the elevator car, and while the brake is in operation, the elevator car starts a little movement, the controller controls the driving of the electric motor so as to generate the torque used to prevent the rotation. - An elevator control system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the controller obtains at least one value of a movement direction, a movement amount, and a moving speed of the elevator car on the basis of the rotation signal from the rotation detector to arithmetically operate a torque value used to prevent the rotation of the electric motor in accordance with the resultant value.
- An elevator control system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a load weighing device for measuring a total payload of the elevator car to output a balance signal,
wherein the controller obtains an unbalanced load value on the basis of the balance signal from the load weighing device to arithmetically operate a torque value to prevent the rotation of the electric motor in accordance with the resultant unbalanced load value. - An elevator control system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the controller limits an absolute value of the torque used to prevent the rotation of the electric motor to a value equal to or smaller than a predetermined value so as to prevent the electric motor from being overloaded.
- An elevator control system according to claim 6 or 7, wherein when in a state in which after the elevator car is stopped at a predetermined hall, the door of the elevator car is opened to permit passengers to get on and off the elevator car, while the brake is in operation, the elevator car starts a little movement, and the movement of the elevator car is prevented in accordance with torque control for the electricmotor, and thereafter the door of the elevator car is closed, the controller releases the torque control for the electric motor, and when a total payload of the elevator car is smaller than a total weight of the counterweight, moves the elevator car to an uppermost portion of a hoistway, and when a total payload of the elevator car is larger than a total weight of the counterweight, moves the elevator car to a lowermost portion of the hoistway, and then stops the operation of the elevator.
- An elevator control system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising an indicator provided in the elevator car for, when under the control made by the controller, the torque control for preventing the rotation of the electricmotor is activated to stop the elevator car, outputting predetermined notifying information to passengers within the elevator car.
- An elevator control system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the controller has an electricity storing unit which serves to supply power for controlling the driving of the electric motor during a power failure.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2002/012537 WO2004050523A1 (en) | 2002-11-29 | 2002-11-29 | Elevator control system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1584597A1 true EP1584597A1 (en) | 2005-10-12 |
Family
ID=32448978
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02785990A Withdrawn EP1584597A1 (en) | 2002-11-29 | 2002-11-29 | Elevator control system |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1584597A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPWO2004050523A1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20040099428A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1625519A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004050523A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN1625519A (en) | 2005-06-08 |
JPWO2004050523A1 (en) | 2006-03-30 |
WO2004050523A1 (en) | 2004-06-17 |
KR20040099428A (en) | 2004-11-26 |
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