EP1579903A1 - Fluid derivation device used in an automatic pool cleaning installation and method for maintenance thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The circuit has at least intake pipe (21A, 21B) connected by suction ports to the swimming pool, and outlet pipes (20A, 20B) connected to the pool by return ports, inlet (24A) and outlet (24B) pipes connected to a pump, and inlet (25A) and outlet (25B) pipes connected to a filter. The inlet and outlet pipes are connected by T-joints (26) and three-way valves (27) operating on the principle of connecting two possible pipes out of three according to the position of internal shutters that pivot on spindles and have three shut-off positions. The valve positions are set according to the maintenance operation to be carried out, and they are controlled by motors (28) linked to the shutter spindles by meshing gears (29, 30, 31).

Description

The present invention relates to a device for fluid bypass used for maintenance general of a swimming pool.

It relates more specifically to a automatic installation of automatic cleaning equipped said fluid diverting device.

The invention also relates to a method for the maintenance of the water of a swimming pool using the said device fluid derivation.

Public or private pools are equipped with a water filtration circuit that draws water from the pool by both a bottom drain and through holes surface generally referred to as English "Skimmers". The water is then filtered and reinjected into the pool, about halfway up, on the opposite side to the "Skimmers". This filtration circuit can work either permanently or periodically, and in particular night and it is then controlled by a clock. In the same time, to ensure efficient maintenance of the pool, it It is necessary to carry out regular washing of the filter at sand used to filter the water from the pool, this one is loading with impurities as and when operation. Other maintenance tasks are also to be expected in parallel with these main stages of cleaning. These are in particular the control and regulating the chlorine content of the pool water, or its acidity level.

Now, these tasks are usually carried out independently of each other, using several maintenance systems disconnected from each other has the disadvantage of requiring displacements users from one system to another during adjustments, controls or maintenance operations themselves, which can slow down considerably the maneuver and may eventually lead to errors in particularly harmful manipulation. This presents also the disadvantage of often requiring the addition at least one means of pumping, or filtration, at each maintenance system used, which increases considerably the cost of the cleaning facility of the swimming pool. In particular, it is generally used pre-filter baskets, arranged at the entrance of each surface skimmer, so as to hold the tree leaves who accidentally fall into the pool water. These leaves may block the water filtration system from the pool if they are not removed regularly said filter baskets. This brings about a regular human intervention and binding to empty said pre-filter baskets, an omission at this level have negative or even serious consequences for the general operation of the cleaning facility of the swimming pool.

In the prior art, solutions have already been planned to simplify the flow of water to inside the pool cleaning facilities. In particular, US Patent 3,471,021 discloses a particular valve configuration usable at inside a cleaning installation leading to a swimming pool and for configuring said installation cleaning either in the filtration position, the water flowing from a suction hole in the bottom from the pool to a discharge port located also in the bottom of the pool through a means of Filtration, either in filter washing position, water being expelled from the inside of the filtering means for then pour into a used water tank. This However, the prior solution has the drawback of still require the intervention of a human operator to position said valve in the configuration adapted to the cleaning operation to be performed. In addition, this valve allows to direct the flow of liquid only in two possible routes, which is insufficient to ensure, from a single cleaning installation, all cleaning operations necessary for the maintenance of a swimming pool.

US Pat. No. 3,365,064 also discloses another possible solution to the problem raised by the invention. This solution is based primarily on the use of a specific valve to guide the flow of liquid in two possible paths by manual rotation an external control wheel. This solution presents therefore the same disadvantages as the prior art previously cited. Moreover, this solution requires the use of at least one additional filtration means in addition to the main filter, which increases unnecessarily the size of the cleaning facility and entails the implementation of an additional step of cleaning when washing the filter media additional.

The invention therefore aims to propose a global system maintenance of the water of a pool to perform and control all the required maintenance tasks at this level and not having the disadvantages of systems of the prior art.

For this purpose and in accordance with the invention, it is proposed a fluid diversion device used to ensure the general maintenance of a swimming pool including less a fluid inlet connected to at least one orifice aspiration into the pool, at least one fluid outlet connected to at least one orifice of discharge leading to the pool, at least one entrance of fluid, respectively fluid outlet, connected to the inlet or the outlet of a pumping means and at least one fluid inlet, respectively output of fluid, connected to the input, respectively the output, filtration means; said device is remarkable in that said fluid inlets are connected audited fluid outlets using T-fittings and three-way valves, said valves operating on the principle of a junction between two fluid channels among three possible, depending on the position of a shutter shutter interior pivoting about an axis and having three shutter positions, the position of the component being determined by the choice of operation maintenance to be done.

With such a device for fluid diversion, understands that it is possible to perform all pool maintenance tasks using manipulations simple, and, from a single place.

In addition, this device requires only one means pumping and filtration, which limits costs of the cleaning facility in its together.

• la figure 1 illustre de manière schématique une installation de nettoyage automatique d'une piscine selon l'invention,
• la figure 2 représente une vue de dessus d'un dispositif de dérivation de fluide selon l'invention,
• la figure 3 est une vue en perspective et en éclatée d'un système de motorisation d'une vanne à trois voies,
• la figure 4 représente le schéma électrique du système de motorisation d'une vanne à trois voies,
• la figure 5 représente une vue schématique du dispositif de dérivation de fluide dans la position de filtration ou de lavage de fond,
• la figure 6 représente une vue schématique du dispositif de dérivation de fluide dans la position de lavage de filtre.

A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the appended drawings in which:

• FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an automatic cleaning installation of a swimming pool according to the invention,
• FIG. 2 represents a view from above of a fluid diversion device according to the invention,
• FIG. 3 is a perspective and exploded view of a motorization system of a three-way valve,
• FIG. 4 represents the electrical diagram of the motorization system of a three-way valve,
• FIG. 5 represents a schematic view of the fluid diversion device in the filtration or washing position,
• Figure 6 shows a schematic view of the fluid diverting device in the filter washing position.

We will first refer to Figure 1 of drawings that illustrates a diagram of an installation of automatic cleaning according to the principle of the invention suitable for a traditional family-type swimming pool for example have dimensions of 5 m width and 10 m length with, at one end, a staircase to access to the pool in a shallow area and the opposite a deeper pool with a diving pit in which is in the center and at the bottom point a bung of background.

We have indicated on this diagram, a swimming pool 1 having two suction ports, one being a surface skimmer, the other 3 being a bottom drain, and two discharge ports, one 4 being a nozzle of wall, the other being a bottom nozzle.

These suction orifices 2.3 and discharge 4,5 are connected via a pipe to a fluid bypass device 6 according to the invention.

This fluid bypass device is connected to a filtration pump 7 and to a sand filter 8 and has a delivery outlet opening into the sewer 9. A chemical injection system 10 connected to one or more product reserves Chemical 11 is able to introduce a chemical into the water circuit defined by the fluid bypass device 6 so as to circulate to the discharge ports 4,5 opening into the pool. Similarly, a fill valve 12 connected to the public water network 13 is capable of introducing fresh water into the fluid diversion device so as to fill the pool when the water level is insufficient. The control of the water level in the pool 1 is done by means of sensors 14 electrically connected to a central control unit 15. The central control unit 15 will control the regulated opening of the filling valve up to receiving, by a sensor 14, a measurement of a detected water level substantially equal to a set value previously stored in a memory of the central control unit 15 or until the sending, by a contact to float 14 positioned along the side walls of the pool at the desired water level, a signal indicating that said float switch 14 has just been reached by the water line. It is also conceivable to provide additional float contacts 14 for detecting a level of water that is too high or too low so as to force the central control unit 15 to initiate warning measures, such as the emission of an alarm signal or the deactivation of the pumping device. Other sensors 16 may also be provided to regulate the rate of various chemical agents present in the pool 1. Depending on the measurement made by these sensors, the central control unit 15 will control the injection system of products. in order to draw the appropriate dose of chemicals into the corresponding chemical stores 11 and to send it to the fluid bypass device 6 and then to the exhaust nozzles 4,5 disposed in the pool 1 .
The central control unit 15 is also configured to electrically control the opening and closing of valves used by the fluid diverting device 6 and, thus, to modify the circuit followed by the water or fluid within the fluid bypass device 6 according to the maintenance tasks to be performed.
A possible and preferred embodiment of a fluid diversion device according to the invention is shown in FIG. 2.

This fluid diversion device 6 comprises two fluid outlets 20A and 20B respectively connected to the wall nozzle 4 and the bottom nozzle 5, two inputs of 21A and 21B respectively connected to the skimmer of surface 2 and at the bottom plug 3, an entry 22 for the new water supply connected to the water network public, an outlet 23 of used fluid to the sewers, a input 24A, respectively output 243, connected fluid at the outlet, respectively inlet, of the pump filtration 7, an input 25A, respectively output 25B, of fluid connected to the output, respectively input, of sand filter 8, said fluid inlets 21A, 21B and 22 being connected to fluid outputs 20A, 20B and 23 to using a network of pipes connected to each other using 26 T-connectors and 27 three-way valves.

The three-way valves 27 operate on the principle of a junction between two fluid channels among three possible, depending on the position of a shutter shutter interior pivoting about an axis and having three shutter positions corresponding to three possible junctions. To ensure the pivoting of the shutter flap of each of the valves 27, it is done use of a motor 28 acting on the axis of rotation of the Shutter shutter and electrically controlled by the unit control unit 15. The valve 27 located just downstream suction ports 2 and 3, called the suction valve, and the valve located just upstream of the orifices of 4 and 5, called the discharge valve, have their own motor 28 control. The other valves 27 are coupled together to the same motor 28 of control of way to, regardless of the position of shutter shutters defined by the control motor 28, circulate the fluid through the sand filter 8. In particular, coupled valves 27 have a first position, corresponding to a first orientation of their component shutter respectively, in which the fluid circulates at through the fluid bypass device 6 of the 8 sand filter outlet to the inlet of the pump filtration 7, and a second position corresponding to a second orientation of their respective shutter shutter, in which the fluid flows through the device of fluid derivation 6 from the pump outlet of filtration 7 to the outlet of the sand filter 8.

Although it is technically possible to transmit the rotational movement of the motor 28 directly on the axis of rotation of the shutter shutter each of the valves 27, the solution chosen in the example represented in Figure 2 consisted of connecting the axis of output of each of the motors 28 to the axis of rotation of the Shutter shutter of each of the valves 27 by intermediate gear wheels forming a gear.

Thus, in FIG. 3, there is shown a view in perspective and exploded motorization system the suction valve 27.

The engine system is based on the transmission the rotational movement of a motor gear 29 positioned at the output of the motor 28 to a drive gear 30 integral with the axis of rotation of the shutter (no shown) of the valve 27 via a wheel transmission gear 31. In order to position the Shutter shutter in perfect coincidence with the opening of the valve 27 corresponding to the fluid path to be closed, however, it is necessary to plan and control engine stops 28. These stops must be synchronized with the rotational movement of the gear wheel 30, so as to stop the motor 28 at precise moment when the shutter closes the said shutter fluid. In the example shown, this synchronization is operated by means of pushbutton switches 32 arranged around the axis of the transmission gear wheel 31. However, it is possible to arrange these switches pushers 32 around the axis of the toothed wheel of training 30 without changing the general operation of the valve actuation system 27. Each switch 32 will be positioned to be open by a cam 33 fixed on the axis of the toothed wheel of transmission 31, below it, at the moment the wheel drive gear 30 positions the shutter shutter of the valve 27 facing a path to be closed. This cam 33 may consist in particular of a disc comprising a hollow 34, said hollow 34 being sufficiently deep and wide to house the pusher 35 of a switch 32 in its open position. Switches 32 will be from the placed on the circumference of the cam 33 so as to place their respective pusher in the closed position when it is not facing the hollow. Although three switches are sufficient theoretically to control a valve 27 with three channels, it is represented in FIGS. and 3 a variant, in which four switches to pushers 32 (not yet electrically connected to the motor) are mounted on a support plate 36. This solution allows in particular to facilitate the fixation and positioning of the switches 32 inside the fluid diverting device 6.

An electrical installation to ensure the shutdown of the motor 28 when one of the switches 32 is open is shown in Figure 4.

The switches I1, I2 and I3 are placed in parallel to each other and in series by compared to a DC motor 28. The engine 28 is connected to a DC voltage source delivering a voltage of 24 V and the switches are connected to the mass. Each of the switches I1, I2 and I3 is elsewhere in series with another control switch, respectively C1, C2 and C3. To position the valve 27 in one of the positions P1, P2 or P3 corresponding to the closing each of the channels of the valve 27 by the flap shutter, just close one of the contacts C1, C2 or C3. As long as all switches I1, I2 and I3 are closed, the motor 28 is powered, resulting in the rotation shutter valve shutter 27. When the cam 33, described below., causes the opening of the switch I1, I2 or I3 placed in series with the contact C1, C2 or C3 that was initially closed, the motor stops, the valve 27 being then in one of the positions P1, P2 or P3. To move the valve 27 in a other position P1, P2 or P3, just open again contact C1, C2 or C3 initially closed and close one of the other two remaining contacts.

The fluid bypass device 6 describes previously allows to consider a functioning fully automated and simplified installation of automatic cleaning of the pool 1.

This automated operation must nevertheless follow precise steps to be really effective, culminating a new process of maintenance of a swimming pool.

The maintenance process implemented at the level of Automatic cleaning installation has the advantage to be able, by means of a single control means, manage and control all regular operations maintenance of the pool.

These regular maintenance operations consist first in three main tasks, namely a task so-called filtration, a so-called background washing task and a so-called filter washing task.

The so-called filtration task consists in filtering the water of the pool 1 by sucking water from the skimmers of surface 2 and repressing the water sucked by the nozzles of wall 4.

The so-called background washing task consists of filtering the water at the bottom of the pool 1 by sucking water through the bottom drain 3 and discharging the water sucked by the nozzles wall 4 or by the bottom nozzles 5.

The so-called filter washing task consists of washing the filter 8 by reversing the direction of passage of the water. In effect, by dint of filtering the water, the filter 8 is loaded into impurities. During this operation, the water enters through the filter 8 output and spring through the inlet of the filter 8, where it is directed to the sewer outlet 9.

With reference to FIG. 5, there is shown a possible configuration of the fluid diversion device 6, during the so-called filtration step.
In this configuration, the so-called suction valve 27 is in surface skimmer 2 position, its shutter closing the passage leading to the bottom plug 3. The valves 27 coupled are in their first position corresponding to a circulation of the water first in the sand filter 8, from the inlet to the outlet, then from the outlet of the filter 8 to the inlet of the pump 7 and finally from the outlet of the pump 7 to the orifice of outlet leading to the wall nozzles 4.

In the so-called washing-down task, the position of 27 valves coupled remains unchanged, the so-called 27 valve suction device then being in the bottom plug position 3 and the so-called exhaust valve 27 being in the position of bottom nozzle 5, or in the position of the wall nozzle 4. It is Moreover, it is possible to alternate, in the same task of backwash, the backflow of water through the nozzle of bottom 5 and through the wall nozzle 4. When the valve 27 said exhaust is only in the position of bottom nozzle 5, it is then preferable to provide washing operations shorter backgrounds with moments of stops between each surgery.

With reference to FIG. 6, there is shown a possible configuration of the diversion device of fluid 6 during the so-called filter washing step.

In this configuration, the so-called 27 valve is in the position of surface skimmer 2 or bottom drain 3, the 27 coupled valves are in their second position corresponding to a circulation of water first in the filtration pump 7, from the inlet to the output, then from the pump outlet, 7 to the output of the sand filter 9, and finally from the inlet of the filter to sand 8 to the outlet port of the fluid diversion 6 leading to the sewers 9. In this step, the so-called exhaust valve 27 must be closed, this which is in fact a communication between the wall nozzles 4 with bottom nozzles 5.

The implementation of one or the other of the tasks main maintenance may result from a seizure manual performed by an operator on the keyboard of control of the central control means 15, that is to say, of a choice automatically performed by an integrated control software at central control means 15.

In this last automatic mode of operation, The central control means 15 can organize the tasks of maintenance either on a regular basis or regulated.

In the so-called regular or monthly mode, the tasks maintenance schedules have a fixed daily duration, corresponding to a set value set by the operator at the beginning of the month, and takes place according to an order of passage predefined in the day.

A typical day is therefore like a series of defined time slots corresponding to tasks very specific maintenance.

In the regulated mode, maintenance tasks The main variables have a variable daily duration, depending on evolution of a measurable external parameter, such as air temperature for example, or a characteristic the physics of continuously measured water, such as temperature water for example.

So, in the case of the filtration step, one can decide to increase the filtration time so increasing with the air temperature so as to hold account of a higher attendance of the pool when strong heat and, therefore, an increased risk of pollution water from the pool.

The filter wash step will also be carried out, preferably in a regular fashion, washing the filter is performed every N days, N being an integer between 1 and 365.

It is also possible to envisage a certain number of secondary maintenance tasks, namely a disinfection task, a task called flocculation and a so-called hydrogen potential correction task. The so-called disinfection task consists in injecting a disinfectant product like chlorine, in the water of the pool, to destroy possible bacterial agents harmful.

This operation can be done either regular, or in a regulated manner.

In regular mode, the daily dose of chlorine inject is fixed, this value being defined by the operator at the beginning of the month. So, in regular mode, he may be advantageous to inject 2 mg / l of chlorine water in a day, this injection being divided into 4 injections of 0.5 mg / l every 6 hours.

In regulated mode, the dose to be injected will depend on measurement of the redox potential of water and its comparison at a set point value set by the operator.

If the redox potential measurement is the same as the setpoint, the central control means will choose to inject the same dose of chlorine as the previous injection. If the measurement is below the set point, the dose of chlorine will need to be increased compared to the previous injection and, finally, if the measurement is greater than the set point, the dose of chlorine should be reduced compared to the previous injection.

It is also possible to envisage the sending of a alert message on the medium control keypad central control unit or a light or sound signal for warn the operator when measuring the redox potential will be too low, especially less than 5 mV deposit.

• DCl_1 = DCl_0 * [ 1 + K * ( P cons - P mes ) / P cons ] Où
• DCl_1 est la dose de chlore à injecter ;
• DCl_0 est la dose de chlore de l'injection précédente ;
• P cons est le potentiel redox de consigne ;
• P mes est le potentiel redox mesuré de l'eau
• K est un coefficient entier fixé par l'opérateur, dit facteur de régulation.

In particular, it will be advantageous to provide a correction of the dose of injection chlorine according to the following formula:

• DCl_1 = DCl_0 * [1 + K * (Consecutive P) / P cons] Where
• DCl_1 is the dose of chlorine to be injected;
• DCl_0 is the chlorine dose of the previous injection;
• P cons is the setpoint redox potential;
• P mes is the measured redox potential of water
• K is an integer coefficient fixed by the operator, called regulating factor.

The regulation factor K should be chosen so that the system remains stable and corrects in a few injections the dose of chlorine to inject. This factor of regulation will be obtained by experimentation.

Generally speaking, whether in regular or regulated, the central control means will trigger, preferably, an injection of chlorine every 6 hours, and, in particular, at 4 am, 10 am, 4 pm and 22 pm hours.

The so-called flocculation task aims at remove some very small particles from the water, electrically charged, which, because of their ability to repel each other, form a whitish cloud in the basin. Some substances, such as aluminum sulphate, allow to cancel the charge of these particles so that they do not repel anymore, but, on the contrary, attract. When they meet, they grow and form a floc, which, during the filtration stage, is retained in the sand filter: the water clears up. The flocculation step therefore consists in injecting a dose of flocculates, such as aluminum sulphate, in the swimming pool.

This injection will always be according to a mode the dose to be injected per day the operator at the beginning of the week.

The so-called task of correcting the hydrogen potential consists of injecting into the pool water a chemical to correct the pH of the water.

Indeed, so that the water is not too aggressive for the mucous membranes, it must be neither too much acid nor too alkaline. For these reasons, it is usual to maintain the hydrogen potential of water between 7.2 and 7.6.

The central control means first performs a measuring the pH of the water and comparing it to both values extremes of the allowed pH range. If the pH measured is lower than the lower extreme value, it corrects in injecting a base into the water of the pool I went to find a pH value of the measured water included in the authorized range.

If the pH is above the extreme value superior, it corrects by injecting an acid into the water of the pool up to find a pH value of the water measured within 1 allowed range.

It is also possible to provide only one, only pH correction, either by adding acid or by addition of a base, depending on the disinfectant treatment used. Indeed, the disinfectant product used can, apart from its alkalinity or basicity, also modify the pH of the pond water. Thus, in the case of a treatment disinfectant with calcium hypochlorite, basic product, the correction will only be acidic.

All these secondary maintenance tasks, putting into the injection of chemicals into the interior of the basin, will be controlled and regulated by central means 15. As such, sensors 14 positioned in the pool 1 in contact with the bathing water measure the above-mentioned parameters, namely the redox potential or the pH of the water, and will transmit these measured at the central control facility 15. In according to the transmitted value, the central means of command 15 will decide whether or not to send a command signal to the chemical injection system 10. In case of injection, this product injection system chemical 10 will draw inside the tank 11 appropriate the amount of chemicals needed to then send it inside the water circuit of the fluid diverting device 6, which will then load to circulate to the wall nozzles 4 or bottom 5. Advantageously, the injection point of the chemicals will be located between the outlet port of the bypass device 6 positioned just upstream of the pump 7 and the inlet of this pump 7 itself. This position allows indeed a direct aspiration of chemicals inside their tank 11 respective when the product delivery system tubular type, for example, is directly connected to said tank 11 and is not closed, by means of a tube clamp in particular.

Along with all these maintenance tasks main or secondary, the central means of control will be able to carry out all the operations of control or adjustment necessary for the proper functioning of the general process of maintenance. In particular, tasks calibration of the measuring sensors 14 used during the secondary maintenance operations may be planned either regularly or following an order entered manually by the operator on the keypad of the central control means 15.

Finally, it goes without saying that the examples of realization of the invention presented below are in no way and other amendments or additions may be be considered without departing from the scope of the invention.

In particular, it is conceivable to provide for variant of the invention where the circulation of water to inside the fluid diverter device 6 is done first by the pump 7 and then by the filter 8, the passage of the water inside the filter 8 resulting from a projection water from the outlet of the pump 7 to the inlet or outlet of the filter 8, contrary to the variant described previously where the water circulated inside the filter 8 by suction of water from the outlet of the filter 8 to the inlet or the output of the pump 7. This variant embodiment has the advantage of using a coupling valve 27 of less, which simplifies the system. However, this implies that a pre-filter is installed at the entrance of the pump 7 to prevent fouling of the water circuit by leaves or other polluting substances from surface skimmer 2 or bottom drain 3.

Claims (15)

Fluid diversion device (6) used for general maintenance of a pool (1) comprising at least one fluid inlet (21A, 213) connected to at least one suction port (2,3) opening into the pool (1), at least one fluid outlet (2CA, 20B) connected to at least one discharge port (4,5) opening into the pool (1), at least one fluid inlet (24A), respectively output of fluid (24B), connected to the outlet, respectively the inlet, of a pumping means (7) and at least one fluid inlet (25A), respectively fluid outlet (25B), connected to the outlet, respectively the inlet, of a filtration means (8), characterized in that said fluid inlets (20A, 21A, 24A, 25A) are connected to said fluid outlets (20B, 21B, 24B, 25B) using of T-joints (26) and three-way valves (27), said valves (27) operating on the principle of a junction between two fluid paths out of three possible, in the form of nction of the position of an inner shutter pivoting about an axis and having three shutter positions, the position of said shutter being determined by the choice of the maintenance operation to be performed. Fluid diversion device (6) according to claim 1, characterized in that the position of each of the three-way valves (27) is controlled by means of a motor (28) acting on the axis of rotation of the shutter shutter of each of said valves (27). Fluid diversion device (6) according to claim 2, characterized in that the output axis of each of the motors (28) is connected to the axis of rotation of the shutter flap of each of the valves (27) by intermediate gear wheels (29, 30, 31) forming a gear. Fluid diversion device (6) according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that a cam (33) fixed on the axis of rotation of the shutter of at least one of the valves (27) , or on the axis of rotation of one of the intermediate gears (31) transmitting the rotational movement of the motor (28) associated with said shutter, is configured to allow the opening of a push-button switch (32). ) electrically connected to the motor (28) controlling the rotation of the shutter of said valve (27), the switch (32) being positioned around the axis of rotation of said shutter or around the axis of rotation of said intermediate gear (31), the opening of the switch (32) causing the stopping of the motor (28) at the moment when the shutter is positioned facing the path to be closed. Fluid diversion device (6) according to one of Claims 2 to 4, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of valves (27), preferably three, coupled together to the same motor (28), said valves ( 27) being coupled so as to always circulate the fluid through the filter means (8). Fluid diversion device (6) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the valves (27) have a first position, in which the fluid flows from the outlet of the filter means (8) to the inlet pumping means (7), and a second position, in which the fluid flows from the outlet of the pumping means (7) to the outlet of the filtration means (8). Fluid diversion device (6) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a fluid outlet (23) for the reject fluid, said outlet (23) being preferably connected to a pipeline leading into public sewers (9). Automatic pool cleaning installation comprising a fluid bypass device (6) according to any preceding claim and opening into a swimming pool (1) by at least one suction port (2, 3) and at least one a discharge port (4,5), characterized in that it uses only one pumping means (7) and one filtering means (8) connected to said fluid branching device (6). ). Automatic pool cleaning installation according to claim 8, characterized in that it has at least two suction ports, one (3), called a bottom drain, being positioned in the bottom of the swimming pool (1 ), at its deepest part, the other (2), called "skimmer", being located at the surface of the water on the side of the pool (1). Automatic pool cleaning system according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that it has at least two discharge ports, one (5), called bottom nozzle, being located in the bottom the pool (1), the other (4), called wall nozzle, being located near the surface of the water on the side of the pool (1). Automatic swimming pool cleaning system according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that it comprises a central control means (15) for controlling the circulation of the fluid or fluids inside the pool. installation according to control or regulation data previously introduced via a control box, said control or regulation data corresponding to a particular maintenance sequence, Automatic pool cleaning installation according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the central control means (15) is electrically connected to the motors (28) controlling the rotation of the shutter flaps of each of the valves (27) of the device fluid bypass (6) and switches (32) associated with these valves (27), so as to control the position of each of said valves (27). A method for maintaining swimming pool water, used in an automatic cleaning installation according to one of claims 8 to 12, comprising the following steps: in a first manual mode, the choice of a one-off maintenance or control operation carried out by an operator by means of a control keyboard connected to a central control means (15) controlling all the circulation means, cleaning or controlling the water of the automatic cleaning installation, and / or in a second automatic mode, chosen by a control software implemented at said central control means (15) of the maintenance or control operation to be performed, controlling by the central control means (15) the only means for circulating, cleaning or controlling the water of the automatic cleaning installation, necessary for carrying out the maintenance or control operation chosen by the operator or by the control software. Method for maintaining the water of a swimming pool according to claim 13, characterized in that , when choosing a maintenance operation called filtration or washing background, consisting in sucking the water from the pool (1) by one or more suction ports (2,3), to filter this water and to discharge the filtered water through one or more discharge ports (4,5,23), the central control means (15,23), ) positions the valves (27) of the fluid diverting device (6) in their first position, where the water flows from the outlet of the filtration means (8) to the inlet of the pumping means (7), at least one of said valves (27), said suction valve, being connected to a surface skimmer (2) or to the bottom drain (3) of the pool (1), and at least one of said other valves (27), said discharge valve, being connected to the bottom nozzles (5) or to the wall nozzles (4) of the pool (1). Method for maintaining the water of a swimming pool according to any one of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that , when choosing a maintenance operation called filter washing, consisting of washing the means of filtering (8) by reversing the direction of passage of the water, the central control means (15) positions the valves (27) of the fluid diverting device (6) in their second position, where the water flows from the output of the pumping means (7) to the outlet of the filtration means (8), at least one of said valves (27), called suction valve, being connected to a surface skimmer (2) or to the bottom drain (3) the pool (1), and at least one of said other valves (27), said discharge valve, being in the closed position.

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