EP1559270A1 - Adaptive and progressive video stream scrambling - Google Patents
Adaptive and progressive video stream scramblingInfo
- Publication number
- EP1559270A1 EP1559270A1 EP03798956A EP03798956A EP1559270A1 EP 1559270 A1 EP1559270 A1 EP 1559270A1 EP 03798956 A EP03798956 A EP 03798956A EP 03798956 A EP03798956 A EP 03798956A EP 1559270 A1 EP1559270 A1 EP 1559270A1
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- European Patent Office
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- stream
- digital video
- sequences according
- modified
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of processing digital video streams. It is proposed in the present invention to provide a system for visually scrambling and recomposing digital video content.
- the present invention relates more particularly to a device capable of securely transmitting a set of films of high visual quality to a television screen and / or to be recorded on the hard disk of a box connecting the teletransmission network to the display screen such as a television screen or a personal computer monitor, while preserving the audiovisual quality but avoiding any fraudulent use such as the possibility of making pirated copies of films or audiovisual programs recorded on the hard disk from the set-top box.
- the invention relates to a method for distributing digital video sequences according to a nominal stream format consisting of a succession of so-called "frames" each comprising at least one digital block grouping together a certain number of coefficients corresponding to simple digitally coded video elements. according to a mode specified inside the stream concerned and used by all video decoders capable of displaying it in order to be able to decode it correctly.
- This process includes: • a preparatory step consisting in modifying at least one of said coefficients,
- Said complementary information is defined as a set consisting of data (for example coefficients describing the original digital stream or extracted from the original stream) and functions (for example, the substitution or permutation function).
- a function is defined as containing at least one instruction relating data and operators. Said additional information describes the operations to be carried out to recover the original flow from the modified flow.
- the original flow is reconstituted on the destination equipment from the modified main flow already present on the destination equipment and additional information sent in real time comprising data and functions executed using routines ( set of instructions) digital.
- a reference of the prior art is the document WO 00 55089 A which presents a method and a system for scrambling compressed or uncompressed digital samples representing audio and video data, so that the content of these samples either degraded, but recognizable, or otherwise supplied with a given required quality.
- a given number of Least Significant Bits (LSBs) of the data is scrambled for each sample frame by frame, adaptively according to the dynamics of the possible values, the most significant bits being unchanged.
- This solution represents an encryption solution well known to those skilled in the art using encryption keys.
- This method is not adaptive as a function of the content of the audiovisual stream, nor as a function of other characteristics such as the bit rate, the type of frames, the profile of the user or the different scalability layers characterizing it.
- all the information initially contained in the flow remains inside the protected flow. This solution does not meet the criteria for high security, treated by the present invention.
- a malicious user easily detects a false Image I of index n, because this image of index n is very different from the image I of index n-1 and of the image I of index n + 1; it can then easily replace it by the image I of index n-1 or of index n + 1, or by an image calculated by interpolation between the images I of index n-1 and n + 1, and thus recreate a flow very close to the original.
- the solution proposed in this document therefore does not meet the criteria of high security and adaptability of the protection of video streams, objects of the present invention.
- EP 1 033 880 A2 (SHARP KK) which relates to a method and a device for protecting digital video streams and still images, based on DCT and wavelet transformations.
- the modifications applied to the space-frequency coefficients are of the type: scrambling of the sign bit of the coefficients, scrambling of the bits for improving the coefficients, scrambling of selected blocks and of motion vectors in the P and B images, choice of the appropriate coefficients belonging to a slice or to a frequency sub-band and swap them, rotate a block grouping frequency coefficients.
- the protection is removed in a conventional manner known to those skilled in the art using decryption keys. This document does not correspond to the security objectives set in the present invention, since all the original data describing the flow are located inside the protected flow.
- the document WO 00/31964 (ERICSSON) referenced by the prior art relates to a method and equipment for the partial encryption of images and their progressive transmission, a first part of the image is compressed at low quality, without encryption, and a second part (made up of two sections) of the image is encrypted, each section being encrypted with its own method and its own key.
- This document presents a conventional encryption approach, and therefore does not meet the criteria and objectives of the present invention of high security, because all the information describing the content is present inside the protected stream.
- document XP000997705 (Thomas KUNKELMANN and U e HORN) which deals with the protection of video streams coming from video encoders based on DCT.
- this document proposes a method for partial encryption of the data, based on the property of partitioning the data, while leaving the two parts physically in the same stream, and based on the temporal and spatial scalabilities .
- This document does not solve the problems dealt with by the present invention, since it proposes encryption techniques, well known to those skilled in the art, which swap the data inside the stream or add encryption keys, but by keeping inside the flow all the data describing it.
- the prior art knows the document WO 01 69354 A3 (MICROSOFT CORPORATION) which relates to the protection of a digital product (software or audio or video content) by breaking it down into at least two portions.
- the first portion is transmitted to the client equipment by physical means.
- the second portion is transformed so that it can only be used by the client station concerned, then is transmitted entirely by the same process or else by a telecommunications network to this client station.
- the client station receiving the two portions can modify the first portion as a function of a key transmitted by the server, from which two other keys are generated, so that this first portion is compatible with the second portion received.
- the present invention intends to remedy the drawbacks of the prior art by proposing to apply adaptive and progressive scrambling as a function of the structure of the video bitstream and / or of its content.
- the term “scrambling” is understood to mean the modification of a digital video stream by appropriate methods so that this stream remains in conformity with the standard with which it has been digitally encoded, while making it displayable. by a reader (or viewer or display or player), but altered from the point of view of human visual perception.
- the term “descrambling” is understood to mean the process of restitution by appropriate methods of the initial stream, the video stream restored after descrambling being identical to the initial video stream.
- adaptive and progressive scrambling is applied as a function of the structure of the video bitstream and / or its content, by changing the algorithms and / or the scrambling parameters as a function of the characteristics of the video stream. and user application, and this in order to achieve reliable protection, from the point of view of the deterioration of the original flow and resistance to piracy, for a minimal cost, while ensuring in the end the quality of service required by the spectator or the customer.
- Different adaptations of the scrambling are applied, such as those mentioned below.
- a digital video stream generally consists of sequences of images, grouped into groups of “Groups Of Pictures” (GOPs).
- An image can be of type I (Intra), P (Predicted), B (Bidirectional).
- An S plane is a plane containing a static object, which is a still image describing the background of the image or a plane coded using a prediction based on global motion compensation (GMC) from a reference plane , previous.
- the images I are the reference images, they are fully coded and are therefore of large size and do not contain information on the movement.
- the planes P are planes predicted from previous planes, whether I and / or P by vectors of movement in a single direction, called forward "for ard”.
- the planes B are said to be bidirectional, they are linked to the planes I and / or P preceding or following them by motion vectors in the two temporal directions (forward and backward or “back ard”).
- Motion vectors represent two-dimensional vectors used for motion compensation, which provide the difference in coordinates between a part of the current image and a part of the reference image.
- An adaptation is applied according to the scenes contained in the video stream: the video streams contain different sequences in which the proportion between the fixed, static and dynamic shots (from the point of view of the content of the scenes in the stream) varies widely.
- the protection which can be effective for dynamic scenes containing a lot of movements, can be ineffective for static scenes with few movements. Knowing the content of the video streams beforehand, we can define a change in algorithms and / or scrambling parameters depending on the different scenes — landscape, actions, videoconference type, cartoons type, etc.
- An adaptation of the parameters is also applied as a function of the size of the frames (in number of pixels). The same parametric combination can cause much greater degradations for flows having small frames and vice versa.
- a parametric adaptation is also applied according to the spatial scalability characterizing certain video streams, relating to the change in size in pixels.
- An adaptation of the scrambling parameters is also applied as a function of the granular scalability characterizing certain video streams.
- granular scalability from the English expression “granular scalability” used in the MPEG-4 standard which characterizes an encoder capable of encoding or a decoder capable of decoding an ordered set of bit streams so as to produce or reconstruct a multi-layered sequence.
- granularity as the amount of information that can be transmitted per layer of a system characterized by any scalability, the system is then also granular.
- An adaptation is also applied as a function of the bit rate in number of bits per second (bits / s) of the video stream, whether constant or variable.
- adaptive scrambling is applied according to the types of objects, the profile ("profile"), the level ("level”), designating the complexity and the options used when building the video stream.
- An adaptation is applied as a function of the number of frames per second of the video stream.
- Progressive scrambling is also applied, so that the user begins to watch the unscrambled video stream. Then, we start with a light scrambling which we reinforce more and more, until the flow becomes entirely tangled.
- the aim is to arouse the user's interest in the video stream, but by removing their viewing rights if the latter has not purchased them.
- One embodiment of this application is to scramble the video stream with one and / or given algorithms by gradually modifying the scrambling parameters over a determined period of time so as to increase the inconvenience, until arriving at a completely scrambled stream. .
- Adaptive scrambling is generally carried out as a function of the content, characteristics, structure and composition of the digital stream defined by a given standard.
- Scrambling is also carried out with a random generation of the parametric combinations to be applied for scrambling the video stream.
- a robust and difficult to attack protection is provided, which cannot be hacked by a malicious person.
- the drawback which could arise is that, following this random parametric generation, certain sequences may not be sufficiently scrambled, due to the fact that the random generator does not take account of the content of the streams.
- the invention relates in its most general sense to a method for the distribution of digital video sequences according to a nominal flow format constituted by a succession of so-called "frames" each comprising at least one block grouping a plurality of coefficients corresponding to elements digitally coded simple visuals, the method comprising a step of modifying at least one block of the original flow characterized in that said modification step acts adaptively on said original flow as a function of at least some of the characteristics representative of the structure, content and parameters of the original video stream, the recipient's profile, and external events.
- the modification step consists in replacing part of said coefficients to produce on the one hand a main video stream in nominal format and on the other hand complementary modification information allowing the reconstruction of the original stream by a decoder of the recipient equipment, the scope of the modifications being variable and determined by said representative characteristics.
- the modified main stream is recorded on the destination equipment prior to the transmission of additional information on the recipient equipment.
- the modified main stream and the additional information are transmitted together in real time.
- said additional modification information comprises at least one digital routine capable of executing a function.
- said additional modification information is subdivided into at least two sub-parts.
- said sub-parts of the additional modification information may be distributed by different media.
- said sub-parts of the additional modification information can be distributed by the same medium.
- the additional information is transmitted on a physical vector.
- the additional information is transmitted online.
- said digital images use wavelet-based technologies.
- the video streams are organized in frames consisting of blocks corresponding to at least one plane I, a plane P corresponding to the differences between an image called P, at least one other image I or P, also being able to contain at least one plane B corresponding to the differences between two images P, and planes S.
- said images I, P, B and S are modified in a differentiated manner according to their type, in particular I, P, B or S.
- the images I, P, B and S are modified in a differentiated manner as a function of the characteristics of the video stream in terms of structure of the groups of images GOPs, and of the proportions between the quantities of images I, P, B present in video streams, the latter being characterized by a constant or variable number of shots per second or characterized by temporal scalability.
- the images I, P, B and S are modified in a differentiated manner as a function of the number of planes (frames) per second constant or variable for the flows characterized by temporal scalability.
- the images I, P, B and S are modified in a differentiated manner as a function of the characteristics of the scenes contained in the flow in terms of fixed, static or dynamic shots and / or visual forms contained, and / or as a function of granular scalability.
- the images I, P, B and S are modified in a differentiated manner as a function of the characteristics of the flows in terms of the size of the planes
- the images I, P, B and S are modified in a differentiated manner as a function of the characteristics of the streams in terms of bit rate per second of the video stream.
- the images I, P, B and S are modified in a differentiated manner as a function of the characteristics of the video streams in terms of composition in objects, profiles and levels.
- the images I, P, B and S are modified in a progressive manner increasing the degradation effect until the video stream is completely scrambled.
- the images I, P, B and S are modified with a random generation of the scrambling parameters and configurations.
- the scrambling is adaptive as a function of the content, characteristics, structure and composition of the video stream, the nominal stream format of which is defined by the MPEG-1 standard or
- MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 or others are examples.
- the method comprises a preliminary step of analog / digital conversion in a structured format, the method being applied to an analog video signal.
- the video stream reconstituted from the modified main stream and additional information is strictly identical to the original stream.
- the present invention also relates to a system for the distribution of video sequences comprising a video server comprising means for broadcasting a stream modified in accordance with any one of the preceding methods, and a plurality of equipment provided with a circuit scrambling, characterized in that the server further comprises means for recording the digital profile of each recipient and means for controlling the modification means as a function of input variables corresponding to at least some of the characteristics representative of the structure, content and parameters of the original video stream, the recipient's profile, and external events.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a particular embodiment of the client-server system according to the invention. Let us consider an example of realization.
- FIG. 1 represents a particular embodiment of the client-server system in accordance with
- the MPEG-2 video stream that one wishes to secure (1) is passed to an analysis (121) and scrambling (122) system which will generate a modified main stream and additional information at the output.
- the original stream (1) can be directly in digital form (10) or in analog form (11). In the latter case, the analog stream (11) is converted by an encoder not shown in a digital format (10).
- a first stream (124) in MPEG-2 format of format identical to the digital input stream (1) apart from the fact that some of the coefficients, values and / or vectors have been modified, is placed in an output buffer memory (125).
- the complementary information (123), in any format, contains the references of the parts of the video samples which have been modified and is placed in the buffer (126).
- the analysis (121) and scrambling (122) system decides which adaptive scrambling to apply and which parameters of the flow to modify and also according to the rights of the client, from which way to apply the modifications, for example progressive or not.
- the MPEG-2 stream (125) is then transmitted, via a broadband network (4) of the radio type, cable, satellite, etc., to the client (8), and more precisely in its memory (81) of the RAM type, ROM, hard drive.
- the recipient (8) requests to view a video sequence present in his memory (81)
- two possibilities are possible: - either the recipient (8) does not have the necessary rights to view the video sequence.
- the stream (125) generated by the scrambling system (122) present in its memory (81) is passed to the synthesis system (82), which does not modify it and transmits it identically to a reader.
- classic video (83) and its content, strongly degraded visually, is displayed by the player (83) on a screen (9).
- the recipient (8) has the rights to watch the video sequence.
- the server 12 transmits the appropriate additional information (126) via the link (6), corresponding to the type of scrambling carried out.
- the synthesis system makes a display request to the server (12) containing the information necessary (126) for recovering the original video sequence (1).
- the server (12) then sends via the link (6) via telecommunication networks such as analog or digital telephone line, DSL (Digital Subscriber Line), BLR (Local Radio Loop), DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) or digital mobile telecommunications. (GSM, GPRS, UMTS), the additional information (126) allowing the reconstruction of the video sequence so that the client (8) can view and / or store the video sequence.
- GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
- the synthesis system (82) then proceeds to descramble the video by reconstructing the original stream by combining the modified main stream (125) and the additional information (126).
- the video stream thus obtained at the output of the synthesis system (82) is then transmitted to the conventional video player (83) and the original video film is displayed on the screen (9).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Computer Graphics (AREA)
- Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0212269 | 2002-10-03 | ||
FR0212269A FR2845556B1 (en) | 2002-10-03 | 2002-10-03 | ADAPTIVE AND PROGRESSIVE STRIPPING OF VIDEO STREAMS |
PCT/FR2003/002914 WO2004032510A1 (en) | 2002-10-03 | 2003-10-03 | Adaptive and progressive video stream scrambling |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1559270A1 true EP1559270A1 (en) | 2005-08-03 |
Family
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP03798956A Ceased EP1559270A1 (en) | 2002-10-03 | 2003-10-03 | Adaptive and progressive video stream scrambling |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1559270A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003299174A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2845556B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004032510A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
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US8793722B2 (en) | 2003-02-04 | 2014-07-29 | Nagra France | Protection method and device for the secure distribution of audio-visual works |
US8903087B2 (en) | 2006-03-13 | 2014-12-02 | Nagra France | Method and device for distributing secure digital audiovisual contents by interoperable solutions |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN100437526C (en) * | 2004-04-20 | 2008-11-26 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Recorder/reproducer and content data protection system |
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2003
- 2003-10-03 AU AU2003299174A patent/AU2003299174A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-10-03 EP EP03798956A patent/EP1559270A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-10-03 WO PCT/FR2003/002914 patent/WO2004032510A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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US8903087B2 (en) | 2006-03-13 | 2014-12-02 | Nagra France | Method and device for distributing secure digital audiovisual contents by interoperable solutions |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2004032510A1 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
AU2003299174A1 (en) | 2004-04-23 |
FR2845556B1 (en) | 2005-02-11 |
FR2845556A1 (en) | 2004-04-09 |
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