EP1558397B1 - Swivel attachment of supply vessels to applicators - Google Patents
Swivel attachment of supply vessels to applicators Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1558397B1 EP1558397B1 EP03809095A EP03809095A EP1558397B1 EP 1558397 B1 EP1558397 B1 EP 1558397B1 EP 03809095 A EP03809095 A EP 03809095A EP 03809095 A EP03809095 A EP 03809095A EP 1558397 B1 EP1558397 B1 EP 1558397B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- engagement member
- supply vessel
- concavity
- applicator device
- assembly
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 71
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 clear coat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/24—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
- B05B7/2402—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device
- B05B7/2478—Gun with a container which, in normal use, is located above the gun
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/24—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
- B05B7/2402—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device
- B05B7/2405—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device using an atomising fluid as carrying fluid for feeding, e.g. by suction or pressure, a carried liquid from the container to the nozzle
- B05B7/2408—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device using an atomising fluid as carrying fluid for feeding, e.g. by suction or pressure, a carried liquid from the container to the nozzle characterised by the container or its attachment means to the spray apparatus
- B05B7/2413—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device using an atomising fluid as carrying fluid for feeding, e.g. by suction or pressure, a carried liquid from the container to the nozzle characterised by the container or its attachment means to the spray apparatus with means for changing the position or the orientation of the container relative to the spray apparatus
Definitions
- the present invention relates to equipment for applying liquid coating materials to a surface, and more particularly, to apparatus and methods for swivel attachment of supply vessels to applicator devices, including sprayers, spray guns, pads, porous members, and the like.
- a wide variety of equipment for applying liquids such as paint, varnish, or other coating materials are known.
- Some types of hand held applicator devices for applying liquid coating materials to a surface have a supply vessel attached directly to the applicator device that utilize the force of gravity to supply the coating material to the applicator device.
- the spray assembly 10 includes a spray gun 12 coupled to a supply vessel 14.
- the spray gun 12 is also coupled to a pressure source 16, such as an air compressor or gas bottle.
- the spray gun 12 includes a nozzle 18 for applying a spray or stream 20 of a liquid coating material (e.g. paint) onto a workpiece 22, and a trigger 24 for controlling a rate of flow of the liquid coating material from the nozzle 18 in a conventional manner widely known in the art.
- a liquid coating material e.g. paint
- the supply vessel 14 includes a threaded aperture 26 that threadedly engages a threaded mounting nipple 28 on the spray gun 12, and a removable cover 34 that allows the supply vessel 14 to be filled.
- the supply vessel 14 is rigidly attached onto the threaded mounting nipple 28 of the spray gun 12 in a tilted position such that a central axis 30 of the supply vessel 14 forms a tilt angle I with respect to a nozzle axis 32 passing through a centerline of the nozzle 18.
- the tilt angle I of the conventional spray assembly 10 is approximately 45 degrees, allowing gravitational feed of the liquid coating material from the supply vessel 14 into the spray gun 12 throughout a range of positions of the nozzle axis 32, including vertical (as shown in Figure 1 ) to horizontal and slightly beyond.
- the supply vessel 14 may be filled to a higher level, however, in such a rotated position (not shown) the spray 20 is not uniformly applied to the workpiece 22, resulting in an unacceptable degradation of performance. Also, when the nozzle axis 32 is rotated away from the perpendicular position 36 the transfer efficiency defined as that percentage of the spray 20 that actually adheres to the surface of the workpiece 22 is reduced, resulting in increased waste and possibly adverse conditions within the surrounding atmosphere. For these reasons, the interior volume of the supply vessel 14 is typically not fully utilized, and the supply vessel 14 must be filled more frequently during operation of the spray assembly 10, resulting in decreased efficiencies and higher costs.
- Figure 2 shows the spray assembly 10 in an upwardly directed position 40.
- the liquid coating material in the supply vessel 14 flows to a non-operational level 42 so that no coating material is supplied to the spray gun 12. Consequently, the spray gun 12 only emits a spray of gas 44 from the pressure source 16. Furthermore, in the upwardly directed position 40, the coating material exerts pressure on the removable cover 34, and the danger of an accidental spill 46 of the coating material is increased.
- DE 36 27 336 A1 discloses a supply vessel used in combination with a spray gun to receive sprayable media.
- the supply vessel can be releasably connected to the spray gun.
- said supply vessel has an articulated and fixable connection joint.
- the connection joint comprises a ball-shaped head having an axially passageway and being connected to the supply vessel, and a connector having a cone-shaped passageway receiving the ball-shaped head and being connected to the spray gun.
- US 4 035 004 A discloses a hollow body which has ball and socket connections at its opposite ends, respectively, for connecting a spray gun to a paint container.
- Each ball has a bore therethrough with its inner end disposed in the body cavity.
- a flexible tube is connected at its opposite ends to the balls, respectively, in a manner such that liquids can pass through the body cavity and balls without contact with the interior wall of the body cavity and the outer companion surfaces of the balls and their sockets.
- the tube is curvilinear endwise and the length thereof exposed in the cavity is greater than the distance between the inner ends of the bore of the balls so that it can self-adjust to different rocked positions of the balls relative to each other without substantial change in the cross section of its passage.
- the balls can be locked individually in various rocked positions.
- the present invention provides a swivel assembly for coupling a supply vessel to an applicator device according to claim 1, an apparatus for applying a liquid coating material according to claim 13, and a method of supplying a liquid material to an applicator device according to claim 17.
- an apparatus includes an applicator device, a supply vessel having an interior volume, and a swivel assembly coupled between the supply vessel and the applicator device.
- the swivel assembly includes a first engagement member having a protruding portion and a first passageway disposed therethrough, and a second engagement member having a concavity and a second passageway disposed therethrough, the protruding portion being moveably engaged within the concavity such that the interior volume of the supply vessel fluidly communicates with the applicator device through the first and second passageways.
- the inventive apparatus may provide increased efficiency, reduced labor costs, and reduced risks of spillage compared with prior art devices.
- FIG 3 is a side elevational view of a spray assembly 100 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- the spray assembly 100 includes a supply vessel 114 moveably coupled to a spray gun 12 by a swivel assembly 150.
- the spray gun 12 is of conventional design, and the supply vessel 114 includes a removable cover 134.
- the swivel assembly 150 includes a first engagement member 152 coupled to the supply vessel 114, and a second engagement member 154 coupled to the spray gun 12.
- the swivel assembly 150 couples the supply vessel 114 to the spray gun 12 in a pivotable and rotatable manner, providing significant advantages in operational capability and efficiency compared with prior art devices.
- Figure 4 is side elevational view of the swivel assembly 150 of Figure 3 .
- Figures 5 and 6 are side cross sectional views of the first and second engagement members 152, 154 of the swivel assembly 150 of Figure 4 .
- the first engagement member 152 includes a protruding portion 156 that engages with the second engagement member 154, and a threaded base portion 158 that threadedly engages the supply vessel 114 ( Figure 3 ).
- An O-ring seal 160 is disposed in the protruding portion 156.
- a first passageway 162 is disposed through the first engagement member 152, the first passageway 162 having a flared or conical segment 163 at an end thereof proximate to the second engagement member 154.
- the second engagement member 154 has a concavity 164 formed therein that is sized to receive the protruding portion 156 of the first engagement member 152, and an internally-threaded mounting portion 166 that threadedly engages the mounting nipple 28 on the spray gun 12.
- a second passageway 168 is disposed through the second engagement member 154. In the assembled position ( Figure 4 ), the first and second passageways 162, 168 are in fluid communication so that a liquid coating material may flow from the supply vessel 114 through the first and second passageways 162, 168 and into the spray gun 12.
- first and second engagement members 152, 154 are formed from different materials, one being more flexible than the other to allow an expandable, press fitting between these components.
- the protruding portion 156 is formed from a plastic material
- the second engagement member 154 surrounding the concavity 164 is formed from aluminum.
- FIG 7 is an isometric, schematic view of the swivel assembly 150 of Figure 4 .
- a first longitudinal axis 170 extends through the first passageway 162 of the first engagement member 152
- a second longitudinal axis 172 extends through the second passageway 168 of the second engagement member 154.
- the second longitudinal axis 172 corresponds to the central axis 30 of the supply vessel 14 of the prior art spray assembly 10 described above and shown in Figure 1 .
- the swivel assembly 150 enables the first engagement member 152, and thus the supply vessel 114, to be pivoted through a pivot angle A in any direction with respect to the second longitudinal axis 172 (shown by arrows P). Similarly, in this embodiment, the swivel assembly 150 also permits the first engagement member 152 and the attached supply vessel 114 to be rotated in either direction (designated by arrow R) about the second longitudinal axis 172.
- the tolerances between the first and second engagement members 152, 154 are selected to provide a desired degree of frictional engagement between the protruding portion 156 and the concavity 164 so that the pivot angle A may be adjusted and controlled by an operator during operation of the spray assembly 100 simply by grasping the supply vessel 114 and moving it into a desired position. Once in the desired position, the frictional engagement between the protruding portion 156 and the concavity 164 maintains the supply vessel 114 in the desired position during operation of the spray assembly 100.
- the swivel assembly 150 advantageously allows adjustment of the position of the supply vessel 114 with respect to the spray gun 12 without locking devices, locking nuts, threaded sections, screws, or other cumbersome devices. Because the frictional engagement between the first and second engagement members 152, 154 allows the position of the supply vessel 114 to be controllably positioned by hand during operation of the spray assembly 100, there is no need for the operator to stop the spraying operation to may adjustments. Also, in some operating conditions, the spray assembly 100 enables the operator to adjust the position of the supply vessel 114 to improve the operator's view of the workpiece 22.
- the swivel assembly 150 may be modified from the particular embodiment shown in Figures 3-7 without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the appended claims.
- the swivel assembly 150 may be inverted from that configuration shown in the accompanying figures so that the first engagement member 152 is coupled to the spray gun 12 and the second engagement member 154 is coupled to the supply vessel 114.
- the first and second engagement members 152, 154 may be either male or female threaded to accommodate a variety of supply vessels or spray guns offered by various manufacturers.
- the O-ring seal 160 may be disposed within the concavity 164 rather than in the protruding portion 156.
- first and second engagement members 152, 154 need not be threadedly engaged with the spray gun 12 and supply vessel 114, but may be coupled using any suitable attachment mechanism, including snap-on or quick-disconnect fittings, press fittings, welding, or any other attachment mechanism. Alternately, one or both of the first and second engagement members 152, 154 may be integrally formed with the respective spray gun and supply vessel components.
- the protruding portion 156 is a partially-spherically shaped portion
- the concavity 164 is a correspondingly partially-spherically shaped concavity.
- Figure 8 is a schematic view of the spray assembly 100 of Figure 3 in an optimal operating condition 136 with the nozzle axis 32 positioned perpendicular to the horizontal surface of the workpiece 22 so that the spray 20 of coating material is applied uniformly to the workpiece 22.
- the supply vessel 114 may be tilted into a more upright position through the tilt angle A, the liquid coating material in the supply vessel 114 may be filled to a maximum safe-operating level 138 that is higher than that level 38 available using the prior art assembly 10. Therefore, the interior volume of the supply vessel 114 may be more fully utilized, resulting in more area of the workpiece 22 being covered be loading of the supply vessel 114, and greater overall efficiency of the device and reduced labor costs compared with the prior art assembly 10.
- Figure 9 is a schematic view of the spray assembly 100 in an upwardly directed position 140.
- the supply vessel 114 is pivoted using the swivel assembly 150 (or an alternate embodiment thereof) so that the liquid coating material in the supply vessel 114 remains at an operational level 142 for gravitational feeding into the spray gun 12. Consequently, the spray gun 12 is able to emit a spray 20 of coating material onto the downwardly-facing surface of the workpiece 22.
- the inventive swivel assembly 150 facilitates the preferred vertical position of the spray gun 12 for even application of the liquid material onto the workpiece 22.
- the coating material within the supply vessel 114 does not exert pressure on the removable cover 134, and therefore, the danger of an accidental spill of the coating material is greatly reduced or eliminated.
- the swivel assembly 150 may advantageously improve the flow of liquid material, resulting in increased operational efficiency over prior art spray devices. Because the swivel assembly 150 may be used to improve or optimize the relative positional relationship between the supply vessel 114 and the spray gun 12, the weight of the liquid material may be used to advantage to force the liquid material into the spray gun 12 over a broader range of operating conditions. The spray assembly 100 may therefore exhibit improved transfer efficiency over prior art spray assemblies throughout a variety of operating conditions.
- FIG 10 is side elevational view of a swivel assembly 250 in accordance with an alternate embodiment of the invention.
- the swivel assembly 250 includes a first engagement member 252 having a partially-spherical protruding portion 256 that engages with a concavity 264 of a second engagement member 254.
- An elongated connector portion 257 extends between the protruding portion 256 and a threaded base portion 258.
- the elongated connector portion 257 includes a "necked-down" or cut-back portion 259 proximate the protruding portion 256.
- the first engagement member 252 has a first passageway 162 disposed therethrough including a flared or conical segment 163 proximate to the second engagement member 254.
- the second engagement member 254 has an outer wall 265 that surrounds and forms the concavity 264 and that includes a tapered end portion 267.
- the second engagement member 254 also includes a mounting portion 266 that threadedly engages the mounting nipple 28 on the spray gun 14 in the manner described above.
- a second passageway 168 is disposed through the second engagement member 254.
- the swivel assembly 250 may provide additional operational advantages by enabling the relative positional relationship between the supply vessel 114 and the spray gun 12 to be further improved or optimized over a greater range of operating conditions.
- FIG 11 is a cross sectional exploded side view of a swivel assembly 350 in accordance with another alternate embodiment of the invention.
- the swivel assembly 350 includes a first engagement member 352 having a partially-spherical protruding portion 356 that is received by a concavity 364 of a second engagement member 354.
- a connector portion 357 extends between the partially-spherical protruding portion 356 and a threaded base portion 358.
- the first engagement member 352 has a first passageway 162 disposed therethrough including a flared or conical segment 163 extending into the first engagement member 352.
- the second engagement member 354 has external threads 365 formed thereon to receive a mounting collar 370 that includes internal threads 372.
- the mounting collar 370 further includes an opening 374 disposed in the collar 370 that permits the threaded base portion 358 to be received through the opening 374.
- the opening 374 further includes a partially spherical inner face 376 to engage a portion of the protruding portion 356.
- the second engagement member 354 also includes a mounting portion 266 that threadedly engages the mounting nipple 28 on the spray gun 12, as shown in Figure 3 .
- a second passageway 168 is also disposed through the second engagement member 354 that is aligned with the first passageway 162 to allow the first engagement member 352 and the second engagement member 354 to fluidly communicate.
- the internal threads 372 of the mounting collar 370 engage the external threads 365 on the second engagement member 354 to retain the protruding portion 356 within the concavity 364.
- the opening 374 has a diameter that is sufficiently large to permit the connector portion 357 to be moved within the opening 374 so that the first engagement member 352 may be pivoted through the pivot angle A in any direction with respect to the longitudinal axis 172 so that the supply vessel 114 (as shown in Figure 3 ) may be readily positioned in a desired orientation.
- the swivel assembly 350 similarly permits the first engagement member 352 to be rotated in either direction, as shown by the arrow R.
- the swivel assembly 350 provides still other operational advantages by allowing a desired amount of friction to be developed between the first engagement member 352 and the second engagement member 354 by applying a corresponding torque to the collar 370. Consequently, the relative positions of the supply vessel 114 and the spray gun 12 (as shown in Figure 3 ) may be readily adjusted and then retained in the selected position.
- the various disclosed embodiments of the inventive swivel assembly may provide significant operational advantages over the prior art spray assembly 10, including increased efficiency, reduced labor costs, and reduced risks of spillage.
- swivel assemblies in accordance with the invention may alternately be used on a wide variety of applicator devices, including paint pads, squeegees, sprayers, porous members, or other types of applicator devices that may be used to apply paint, varnish, clear coat, wax, stain, cleaners, solvents, or any other type of liquid material to a surface of a workpiece.
Description
- The present invention relates to equipment for applying liquid coating materials to a surface, and more particularly, to apparatus and methods for swivel attachment of supply vessels to applicator devices, including sprayers, spray guns, pads, porous members, and the like.
- A wide variety of equipment for applying liquids such as paint, varnish, or other coating materials are known. Some types of hand held applicator devices for applying liquid coating materials to a surface have a supply vessel attached directly to the applicator device that utilize the force of gravity to supply the coating material to the applicator device.
- One example of an applicator device that utilizes a gravity-feed supply vessel is a hand-held
spray assembly 10 for applying coating materials such as paint as shown inFigure 1 . As shown inFigure 1 , thespray assembly 10 includes aspray gun 12 coupled to asupply vessel 14. Thespray gun 12 is also coupled to apressure source 16, such as an air compressor or gas bottle. Thespray gun 12 includes anozzle 18 for applying a spray orstream 20 of a liquid coating material (e.g. paint) onto aworkpiece 22, and atrigger 24 for controlling a rate of flow of the liquid coating material from thenozzle 18 in a conventional manner widely known in the art. - The
supply vessel 14 includes a threadedaperture 26 that threadedly engages a threadedmounting nipple 28 on thespray gun 12, and aremovable cover 34 that allows thesupply vessel 14 to be filled. Thesupply vessel 14 is rigidly attached onto the threadedmounting nipple 28 of thespray gun 12 in a tilted position such that acentral axis 30 of thesupply vessel 14 forms a tilt angle I with respect to anozzle axis 32 passing through a centerline of thenozzle 18. Typically, the tilt angle I of theconventional spray assembly 10 is approximately 45 degrees, allowing gravitational feed of the liquid coating material from thesupply vessel 14 into thespray gun 12 throughout a range of positions of thenozzle axis 32, including vertical (as shown inFigure 1 ) to horizontal and slightly beyond. - Although desirable results have been achieved using prior
art spray assemblies 10, some operational drawbacks exist. For example, in anoperating position 36 shown inFigure 1 , thenozzle axis 32 is positioned perpendicular to the horizontal surface of theworkpiece 22 so that thespray 20 is applied uniformly to theworkpiece 22. In thisposition 36, however, the liquid coating material in thesupply vessel 14 may only be filled to a maximum safe-operating level 38. Thus, the interior volume of thesupply vessel 14 is typically not fully utilized when thespray assembly 10 is operated in theoperating position 36. If thespray assembly 10 is rotated in a clockwise direction R so that thenozzle axis 32 is not perpendicular to theworkpiece 22, thesupply vessel 14 may be filled to a higher level, however, in such a rotated position (not shown) thespray 20 is not uniformly applied to theworkpiece 22, resulting in an unacceptable degradation of performance. Also, when thenozzle axis 32 is rotated away from theperpendicular position 36 the transfer efficiency defined as that percentage of thespray 20 that actually adheres to the surface of theworkpiece 22 is reduced, resulting in increased waste and possibly adverse conditions within the surrounding atmosphere. For these reasons, the interior volume of thesupply vessel 14 is typically not fully utilized, and thesupply vessel 14 must be filled more frequently during operation of thespray assembly 10, resulting in decreased efficiencies and higher costs. - Similarly,
Figure 2 shows thespray assembly 10 in an upwardly directedposition 40. In this position, the liquid coating material in thesupply vessel 14 flows to anon-operational level 42 so that no coating material is supplied to thespray gun 12. Consequently, thespray gun 12 only emits a spray ofgas 44 from thepressure source 16. Furthermore, in the upwardly directedposition 40, the coating material exerts pressure on theremovable cover 34, and the danger of anaccidental spill 46 of the coating material is increased. -
DE 36 27 336 A1 discloses a supply vessel used in combination with a spray gun to receive sprayable media. The supply vessel can be releasably connected to the spray gun. To be able to adjust and then fix the supply vessel relative to the spray gun device in different inclination positions, said supply vessel has an articulated and fixable connection joint. The connection joint comprises a ball-shaped head having an axially passageway and being connected to the supply vessel, and a connector having a cone-shaped passageway receiving the ball-shaped head and being connected to the spray gun. -
US 4 035 004 A discloses a hollow body which has ball and socket connections at its opposite ends, respectively, for connecting a spray gun to a paint container. Each ball has a bore therethrough with its inner end disposed in the body cavity. A flexible tube is connected at its opposite ends to the balls, respectively, in a manner such that liquids can pass through the body cavity and balls without contact with the interior wall of the body cavity and the outer companion surfaces of the balls and their sockets. The tube is curvilinear endwise and the length thereof exposed in the cavity is greater than the distance between the inner ends of the bore of the balls so that it can self-adjust to different rocked positions of the balls relative to each other without substantial change in the cross section of its passage. The balls can be locked individually in various rocked positions. - The present invention provides a swivel assembly for coupling a supply vessel to an applicator device according to claim 1, an apparatus for applying a liquid coating material according to claim 13, and a method of supplying a liquid material to an applicator device according to claim 17.
- The present invention is directed to apparatus and methods for swivel attachment of supply vessels to application devices, such as sprayers, spray guns, applicators, and the like. In one aspect, an apparatus includes an applicator device, a supply vessel having an interior volume, and a swivel assembly coupled between the supply vessel and the applicator device. The swivel assembly includes a first engagement member having a protruding portion and a first passageway disposed therethrough, and a second engagement member having a concavity and a second passageway disposed therethrough, the protruding portion being moveably engaged within the concavity such that the interior volume of the supply vessel fluidly communicates with the applicator device through the first and second passageways. The inventive apparatus may provide increased efficiency, reduced labor costs, and reduced risks of spillage compared with prior art devices.
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Figure 1 is a schematic view of a spray gun assembly in a first operating condition in accordance with the prior art. -
Figure 2 is a schematic view of the spray gun assembly ofFigure 1 in a second operating condition. -
Figure 3 is a side elevational view of a spray gun assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. -
Figure 4 is side elevational view of a swivel assembly of the spray gun assembly ofFigure 3 . -
Figure 5 is a side cross sectional view of a first engagement member of the swivel assembly ofFigure 4 . -
Figure 6 is a side cross sectional view of a second engagement member of the swivel assembly ofFigure 4 . -
Figure 7 is an isometric, schematic view of the swivel assembly ofFigure 4 . -
Figure 8 is a schematic view of the spray gun assembly ofFigure 3 in a first operating condition. -
Figure 9 is a schematic view of the spray gun assembly ofFigure 3 in a second operating condition. -
Figure 10 is a side elevational view of a swivel assembly in accordance with an alternate embodiment of the invention. -
Figure 11 is a cross sectional exploded side view of a swivel assembly in accordance with another alternate embodiment of the invention. -
Figure 12 is a side elevational view of the swivel assembly ofFigure 11 . - The present description is generally directed toward novel apparatus and methods for swivel attachment of supply vessels to applicator devices. Many specific details of certain embodiments of the invention are set forth in the following description and in
Figures 3-12 to provide a thorough understanding of such embodiments. One skilled in the art will understand, however, that the present invention may have additional embodiments, or that the present invention may be practiced without several of the details described in the following description. -
Figure 3 is a side elevational view of aspray assembly 100 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. As shown inFigure 3 , thespray assembly 100 includes asupply vessel 114 moveably coupled to aspray gun 12 by aswivel assembly 150. Thespray gun 12 is of conventional design, and thesupply vessel 114 includes aremovable cover 134. Theswivel assembly 150 includes afirst engagement member 152 coupled to thesupply vessel 114, and asecond engagement member 154 coupled to thespray gun 12. As described more fully below, theswivel assembly 150 couples thesupply vessel 114 to thespray gun 12 in a pivotable and rotatable manner, providing significant advantages in operational capability and efficiency compared with prior art devices. -
Figure 4 is side elevational view of theswivel assembly 150 ofFigure 3 .Figures 5 and6 are side cross sectional views of the first andsecond engagement members swivel assembly 150 ofFigure 4 . As best shown inFigures 4 and 5 , thefirst engagement member 152 includes a protrudingportion 156 that engages with thesecond engagement member 154, and a threadedbase portion 158 that threadedly engages the supply vessel 114 (Figure 3 ). An O-ring seal 160 is disposed in the protrudingportion 156. Afirst passageway 162 is disposed through thefirst engagement member 152, thefirst passageway 162 having a flared orconical segment 163 at an end thereof proximate to thesecond engagement member 154. - As shown in
Figures 4 and6 , thesecond engagement member 154 has aconcavity 164 formed therein that is sized to receive the protrudingportion 156 of thefirst engagement member 152, and an internally-threadedmounting portion 166 that threadedly engages the mountingnipple 28 on thespray gun 12. Asecond passageway 168 is disposed through thesecond engagement member 154. In the assembled position (Figure 4 ), the first andsecond passageways supply vessel 114 through the first andsecond passageways spray gun 12. - In one embodiment, the first and
second engagement members portion 156 is formed from a plastic material, and thesecond engagement member 154 surrounding theconcavity 164 is formed from aluminum. -
Figure 7 is an isometric, schematic view of theswivel assembly 150 ofFigure 4 . As shown inFigures 3 and7 , a firstlongitudinal axis 170 extends through thefirst passageway 162 of thefirst engagement member 152, and a secondlongitudinal axis 172 extends through thesecond passageway 168 of thesecond engagement member 154. When theswivel assembly 150 is mounted on thespray gun 12 the secondlongitudinal axis 172 corresponds to thecentral axis 30 of thesupply vessel 14 of the priorart spray assembly 10 described above and shown inFigure 1 . - In operation, as shown in
Figure 7 , theswivel assembly 150 enables thefirst engagement member 152, and thus thesupply vessel 114, to be pivoted through a pivot angle A in any direction with respect to the second longitudinal axis 172 (shown by arrows P). Similarly, in this embodiment, theswivel assembly 150 also permits thefirst engagement member 152 and the attachedsupply vessel 114 to be rotated in either direction (designated by arrow R) about the secondlongitudinal axis 172. The tolerances between the first andsecond engagement members portion 156 and theconcavity 164 so that the pivot angle A may be adjusted and controlled by an operator during operation of thespray assembly 100 simply by grasping thesupply vessel 114 and moving it into a desired position. Once in the desired position, the frictional engagement between the protrudingportion 156 and theconcavity 164 maintains thesupply vessel 114 in the desired position during operation of thespray assembly 100. - The
swivel assembly 150 advantageously allows adjustment of the position of thesupply vessel 114 with respect to thespray gun 12 without locking devices, locking nuts, threaded sections, screws, or other cumbersome devices. Because the frictional engagement between the first andsecond engagement members supply vessel 114 to be controllably positioned by hand during operation of thespray assembly 100, there is no need for the operator to stop the spraying operation to may adjustments. Also, in some operating conditions, thespray assembly 100 enables the operator to adjust the position of thesupply vessel 114 to improve the operator's view of theworkpiece 22. - One may note that several aspects of the
swivel assembly 150 may be modified from the particular embodiment shown inFigures 3-7 without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the appended claims. For example, one may note that theswivel assembly 150 may be inverted from that configuration shown in the accompanying figures so that thefirst engagement member 152 is coupled to thespray gun 12 and thesecond engagement member 154 is coupled to thesupply vessel 114. Another possible design variation is that the first andsecond engagement members ring seal 160 may be disposed within theconcavity 164 rather than in the protrudingportion 156. Furthermore, the first andsecond engagement members spray gun 12 andsupply vessel 114, but may be coupled using any suitable attachment mechanism, including snap-on or quick-disconnect fittings, press fittings, welding, or any other attachment mechanism. Alternately, one or both of the first andsecond engagement members - Furthermore, in the embodiment shown in
Figures 3-7 , the protrudingportion 156 is a partially-spherically shaped portion, and theconcavity 164 is a correspondingly partially-spherically shaped concavity. This embodiment advantageously enables pivotal movement of thefirst engagement member 152 in any direction with respect to thesecond engagement member 154, and also enables rotational motion of thefirst engagement member 152 with respect to thesecond engagement member 154. In alternate embodiments, however, a variety of alternate shapes of protruding portions and concavities may be conceived that provide at least some pivotal and/or rotational motion of thefirst engagement member 152 with respect to thesecond engagement member 154, including, for example, semi-cylindrical shaped portions and corresponding cavities that provide more limited pivotal freedom of movement in specific planes of motion. -
Figure 8 is a schematic view of thespray assembly 100 ofFigure 3 in anoptimal operating condition 136 with thenozzle axis 32 positioned perpendicular to the horizontal surface of theworkpiece 22 so that thespray 20 of coating material is applied uniformly to theworkpiece 22. Because thesupply vessel 114 may be tilted into a more upright position through the tilt angle A, the liquid coating material in thesupply vessel 114 may be filled to a maximum safe-operating level 138 that is higher than thatlevel 38 available using theprior art assembly 10. Therefore, the interior volume of thesupply vessel 114 may be more fully utilized, resulting in more area of theworkpiece 22 being covered be loading of thesupply vessel 114, and greater overall efficiency of the device and reduced labor costs compared with theprior art assembly 10. - Similarly,
Figure 9 is a schematic view of thespray assembly 100 in an upwardly directedposition 140. In thisposition 140, thesupply vessel 114 is pivoted using the swivel assembly 150 (or an alternate embodiment thereof) so that the liquid coating material in thesupply vessel 114 remains at anoperational level 142 for gravitational feeding into thespray gun 12. Consequently, thespray gun 12 is able to emit aspray 20 of coating material onto the downwardly-facing surface of theworkpiece 22. In this way, theinventive swivel assembly 150 facilitates the preferred vertical position of thespray gun 12 for even application of the liquid material onto theworkpiece 22. Furthermore, in the upwardly directedposition 140, the coating material within thesupply vessel 114 does not exert pressure on theremovable cover 134, and therefore, the danger of an accidental spill of the coating material is greatly reduced or eliminated. - Thus, the
swivel assembly 150 may advantageously improve the flow of liquid material, resulting in increased operational efficiency over prior art spray devices. Because theswivel assembly 150 may be used to improve or optimize the relative positional relationship between thesupply vessel 114 and thespray gun 12, the weight of the liquid material may be used to advantage to force the liquid material into thespray gun 12 over a broader range of operating conditions. Thespray assembly 100 may therefore exhibit improved transfer efficiency over prior art spray assemblies throughout a variety of operating conditions. -
Figure 10 is side elevational view of aswivel assembly 250 in accordance with an alternate embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, theswivel assembly 250 includes afirst engagement member 252 having a partially-spherical protruding portion 256 that engages with aconcavity 264 of asecond engagement member 254. Anelongated connector portion 257 extends between the protrudingportion 256 and a threadedbase portion 258. Theelongated connector portion 257 includes a "necked-down" or cut-back portion 259 proximate the protrudingportion 256. As described above with respect toFigure 4 , thefirst engagement member 252 has afirst passageway 162 disposed therethrough including a flared orconical segment 163 proximate to thesecond engagement member 254. - As further shown in
Figure 10 , thesecond engagement member 254 has anouter wall 265 that surrounds and forms theconcavity 264 and that includes atapered end portion 267. Thesecond engagement member 254 also includes a mountingportion 266 that threadedly engages the mountingnipple 28 on thespray gun 14 in the manner described above. Asecond passageway 168 is disposed through thesecond engagement member 254. - In operation, as the protruding
portion 256 of thefirst engagement member 252 is pivoted within theconcavity 264 of thesecond engagement member 254, thetapered end portion 267 of theouter wall 265 slides into the cut-back portion 259 of thefirst engagement member 252. The combination of thetapered end portion 267 and the cut-back portion 259 advantageously enable the first andsecond engagement members Figure 7 ) than could otherwise be achieved using the previously described embodiment. Thus, theswivel assembly 250 may provide additional operational advantages by enabling the relative positional relationship between thesupply vessel 114 and thespray gun 12 to be further improved or optimized over a greater range of operating conditions. -
Figure 11 is a cross sectional exploded side view of aswivel assembly 350 in accordance with another alternate embodiment of the invention. Theswivel assembly 350 includes afirst engagement member 352 having a partially-spherical protruding portion 356 that is received by aconcavity 364 of asecond engagement member 354. Aconnector portion 357 extends between the partially-spherical protruding portion 356 and a threadedbase portion 358. Thefirst engagement member 352 has afirst passageway 162 disposed therethrough including a flared orconical segment 163 extending into thefirst engagement member 352. - Still referring to
Figure 11 , thesecond engagement member 354 hasexternal threads 365 formed thereon to receive a mountingcollar 370 that includesinternal threads 372. The mountingcollar 370 further includes anopening 374 disposed in thecollar 370 that permits the threadedbase portion 358 to be received through theopening 374. Theopening 374 further includes a partially sphericalinner face 376 to engage a portion of the protrudingportion 356. Thesecond engagement member 354 also includes a mountingportion 266 that threadedly engages the mountingnipple 28 on thespray gun 12, as shown inFigure 3 . Asecond passageway 168 is also disposed through thesecond engagement member 354 that is aligned with thefirst passageway 162 to allow thefirst engagement member 352 and thesecond engagement member 354 to fluidly communicate. - Referring now to
Figures 11 and 12 , as the partially-spherical protruding portion 356 of thefirst engagement member 352 engages theconcavity 364 of thesecond engagement member 354, theinternal threads 372 of the mountingcollar 370 engage theexternal threads 365 on thesecond engagement member 354 to retain the protrudingportion 356 within theconcavity 364. Theopening 374 has a diameter that is sufficiently large to permit theconnector portion 357 to be moved within theopening 374 so that thefirst engagement member 352 may be pivoted through the pivot angle A in any direction with respect to thelongitudinal axis 172 so that the supply vessel 114 (as shown inFigure 3 ) may be readily positioned in a desired orientation. Theswivel assembly 350 similarly permits thefirst engagement member 352 to be rotated in either direction, as shown by the arrow R. - The
swivel assembly 350 provides still other operational advantages by allowing a desired amount of friction to be developed between thefirst engagement member 352 and thesecond engagement member 354 by applying a corresponding torque to thecollar 370. Consequently, the relative positions of thesupply vessel 114 and the spray gun 12 (as shown inFigure 3 ) may be readily adjusted and then retained in the selected position. - As noted above, the various disclosed embodiments of the inventive swivel assembly may provide significant operational advantages over the prior
art spray assembly 10, including increased efficiency, reduced labor costs, and reduced risks of spillage. Although the above-described embodiments are described in terms of a spray gun for liquid coating materials, it is understood that swivel assemblies in accordance with the invention may alternately be used on a wide variety of applicator devices, including paint pads, squeegees, sprayers, porous members, or other types of applicator devices that may be used to apply paint, varnish, clear coat, wax, stain, cleaners, solvents, or any other type of liquid material to a surface of a workpiece. - The detailed descriptions of the above embodiments are not exhaustive descriptions of all embodiments contemplated by the inventors to be within the scope of the invention defined by the appended claims. Indeed, persons skilled in the art will recognize that certain elements of the above-described embodiments may variously be combined or eliminated to create further embodiments, and such further embodiments fall within the scope of the invention defined by the appended claims. It will also be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the above-described embodiments may be combined in whole or in part to create additional embodiments within the scope of the invention defined by the appended claims.
- Thus, although specific embodiments of, and examples for, the invention are described herein for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the invention defined by the appended claims, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize. The teachings provided herein can be applied to other apparatus and methods for swivel attachment of supply vessels to applicator devices, and not just to the embodiments described above and shown in the accompanying figures. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.
Claims (28)
- A swivel assembly for coupling a supply vessel (114) to an applicator device (12) for applying a liquid coating material, comprising a first engagement member (152; 252; 352) having a protruding portion (156; 256; 356) and a first passageway (162) disposed therethrough, and a second engagement member (154; 254; 354) having a concavity (164; 264; 364) and a second passageway (168) disposed therethrough, the protruding portion (156; 256; 356) being moveably engaged within the concavity (164; 264; 364), the first passageway (162) being in fluid communication with the second passageway (168) such that the supply vessel (114), when coupled to the applicator device (12), fluidly communicates with the applicator device (12) through the first and second passageways (162, 168) characterized in that the concavity (.164; 264; 364) of the second engagement member (154; 254; 354) is partially spherical and the first passageway (162) has a flared segment (163) at an end thereof proximate the second engagement member (154; 254; 354).
- The assembly according to claim 1 wherein the protruding portion (156; 256; 356) is rotatably and pivotally moveable within the concavity (164; 264; 364).
- The assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a collar (370) that couples the first engagement member (352) and the second engagement member (354).
- The assembly according to claim 3, wherein the collar (370) is configured to retain the protruding portion (356) of the first engagement member (352) within the concavity (364) of the second engagement member (354).
- The assembly according to claim 4, wherein the collar (370) includes a first threaded portion (372) and the second engagement member (354) includes a second threaded portion (365) engageable with the first threaded portion (372), the collar (370) being selectively adjustable to obtain a desired positional orientation between the first engagement member (352) and the second engagement member (354).
- The assembly according to claim 1 wherein the protruding portion (156; 256; 356) comprises a partially spherical protruding portion and wherein the concavity (164; 264; 364) comprises a partially spherical concavity.
- The assembly according to claim 1 wherein the first engagement member (152; 252; 352) is adapted to be engaged with the supply vessel (114) and the second engagement member (154; 254; 354) is adapted to be engaged with the applicator device (12).
- The assembly according to claim 1 wherein the first engagement member (252) includes a recessed portion (259) proximate the protruding portion (256), the recessed portion (259) being sized to receive a portion of the second engagement member (254) when the second engagement member (254) is pivoted with respect to the first engagement member (252).
- The assembly according to claim 1 wherein the second engagement member (254) includes an outer wall (265) surrounding the concavity (264), the outer wall (265) including a tapered end portion (256).
- The assembly according to claim 1 wherein the second engagement member (254) includes an outer wall (265) surrounding the concavity (264), the outer wall (265) including a tapered end portion (256), and wherein the first engagement member (252) includes a recessed portion (259) proximate the protruding portion (256), the recessed portion (259) being sized to at least partially receive the tapered end portion (267) when the second engagement member (254) is pivoted with respect to the first engagement member (252).
- The assembly of claim 1, wherein the first and second engagement members (152; 252; 352, 154; 254; 354) are formed from different materials, one being more flexible than the other.
- The assembly of claim 11, wherein the protruding portion (156; 256; 356) is formed from a plastic material and the second engagement member (154; 254; 354) surrounding the concavity (164; 264; 364) is formed from aluminum.
- An apparatus for applying a liquid coating material, comprising:an applicator device (12);a supply vessel (114) having an interior volume; anda swivel assembly (150; 250; 350) according to any of claims 1 to 12, coupled between the supply vessel (114) and the applicator device (12).
- The apparatus according to claim 13 wherein the first engagement member (152; 252; 352) is attached to the supply vessel (114) and the second engagement member (154; 254; 354) is attached to the applicator device (12).
- The apparatus according to claim 13 wherein the first engagement member (152; 252; 352) is threadedly coupled to the supply vessel (114) and the second engagement member (154; 254; 354) is threadedly coupled to the applicator device (12).
- The apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising a pressure source (16) coupled to the applicator device (12).
- A method of supplying a liquid material to an applicator device (12), comprising:coupling a supply vessel (114) to the applicator device (12) using a swivel assembly (150; 250; 350), the swivel assembly (150; 250; 350) including a first engagement member (152; 252; 352) having a protuding portion (156; 256; 356) and a first passageway (162) disposed therethrough, and a second engagement member (154; 254; 354) having a partially spherical concavity (164; 264; 364) therein and a second passageway (168) therethrough, the first passageway (162) having a flared segment (163) at an end thereof proximate the second engagement member (154; 254; 354);the protuding portion (156; 256; 356) being moveably engaged within the concavity (164; 264; 364) and the first passageway (162) being in fluid communication with the second passageway (168);providing the liquid material into the supply vessel (114); andflowing the liquid material from the supply vessel (114) through the first and second passageways (162, 168) to the applicator device (12).
- The method according to claim 17 wherein coupling a supply vessel (114) to the applicator device (12) using a swivel assembly (150; 250; 350) comprises coupling a supply vessel (114) to the applicator device (12) using a swivel assembly (150; 250; 350) wherein the concavity (164; 264; 364) comprises a partially spherical concavity and wherein the protrusion (156; 256; 356) comprises a partially spherical protuding portion.
- The method according to claim 17, wherein coupling a supply vessel (114) to the applicator device (12) using a swivel assembly (350) further comprises coupling the first engagement member (352) and the second engagement member (354) with a collar (370).
- The method according to claim 19, wherein coupling the first engagement member (352) and the second engagement member (354) with a collar (370) further comprises retaining at least a part of the protruding portion (356) of the first engagement member (352) within the concavity (364) of the second engagement member (354).
- The method according to claim 20, wherein the collar (370) is provided with a first threaded portion (372) and the second engagement member (354) is provided with a second threaded portion (365) engageable with the first threaded portion (372), the method further comprises retaining at least a part of the protruding portion (356) of the first engagement member (352) within the concavity (364) of the second engagement member (354), and further comprises engaging the first threaded portion (372) and the second threaded portion (365) and applying a desired torque to the collar (370) to retain a desired positional orientation between the first engagement member (352) and the second engagement member (354).
- The method according to claim 17 wherein coupling a supply vessel (114) to the applicator device (12) using a swivel assembly (150; 250; 350) comprises coupling a supply vessel (114) to the applicator device (12) using a swivel assembly (150; 250; 350) wherein the protuding portion (156; 256; 356) is rotatably and pivotally moveable within the concavity (164; 264; 364).
- The method according to claim 17 wherein coupling a supply vessel (114) to the applicator device (12) using a swivel assembly (150; 250; 350) comprises coupling a supply vessel (114) to the applicator device (12) using a swivel assembly (150; 250; 350) wherein the protuding portion (156; 256; 356) is pivotally moveable within the concavity (164; 264; 364).
- The method according to claim 17 wherein flowing the liquid material from the supply vessel (114) through the first and second second passageways (162, 168) to the applicator device (12) includes flowing compressed gas through the applicator device (12).
- The method according to claim 17 wherein flowing the liquid material from the supply vessel (114) through the first and second second passageways (162, 168) to the applicator device (12) comprises gravitationally flowing the liquid material from the supply vessel (114).
- The method according to claim 17, further comprising pivoting the protuding portion (156; 256; 356) within the concavity (164; 264; 364) such that a first longitudinal axis of the first passageway (162) is not aligned with a second longitudinal axis of the second passageway (168).
- The method of claim 17, wherein the first and second engagement members (152; 252; 352, 154; 254; 354) are formed from different materials, one being more flexible than the other.
- The method of claim 27, wherein the protuding portion is formed from a plastic material and the second engagement member (154; 254; 354) surrounding the concavity (164; 264; 364) is formed from aluminum.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US272230 | 2002-10-15 | ||
US10/272,230 US20040069796A1 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2002-10-15 | Apparatus and methods for swivel attachment of supply vessels to applicator devices |
US10/608,058 US6863227B2 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2003-06-27 | Apparatus and methods for swivel attachment of supply vessels to applicator devices |
US608058 | 2003-06-27 | ||
PCT/US2003/032904 WO2004035226A1 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2003-10-15 | Swivel attachment of supply vessels to applicators |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1558397A1 EP1558397A1 (en) | 2005-08-03 |
EP1558397A4 EP1558397A4 (en) | 2006-09-13 |
EP1558397B1 true EP1558397B1 (en) | 2009-03-04 |
Family
ID=32109815
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03809095A Expired - Lifetime EP1558397B1 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2003-10-15 | Swivel attachment of supply vessels to applicators |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1558397B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003301254A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2502487A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004035226A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4035004A (en) | 1976-03-18 | 1977-07-12 | Hengesbach Robert W | Ball and socket connector and combination thereof with spray gun |
US4273289A (en) * | 1977-12-20 | 1981-06-16 | Emile Jette | Showerhead spray texture control |
DE3627336A1 (en) * | 1986-08-12 | 1988-02-18 | Erhard Birenheide | Supply vessel for a spray gun |
US5655848A (en) * | 1995-05-15 | 1997-08-12 | Chrysler Corporation | Suspension ball joint |
US6409103B1 (en) * | 2000-10-24 | 2002-06-25 | 360 Enterprises | 360° rotational directional nozzle for trigger sprayers |
-
2003
- 2003-10-15 EP EP03809095A patent/EP1558397B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-15 CA CA002502487A patent/CA2502487A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-10-15 WO PCT/US2003/032904 patent/WO2004035226A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-10-15 AU AU2003301254A patent/AU2003301254A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1558397A4 (en) | 2006-09-13 |
EP1558397A1 (en) | 2005-08-03 |
AU2003301254A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
CA2502487A1 (en) | 2004-04-29 |
WO2004035226A1 (en) | 2004-04-29 |
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