EP1557607A1 - Brenner mit gekühltem Bauteil, Gasturbine sowie Verfahren zur Kühlung des Bauteils - Google Patents
Brenner mit gekühltem Bauteil, Gasturbine sowie Verfahren zur Kühlung des Bauteils Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1557607A1 EP1557607A1 EP04001242A EP04001242A EP1557607A1 EP 1557607 A1 EP1557607 A1 EP 1557607A1 EP 04001242 A EP04001242 A EP 04001242A EP 04001242 A EP04001242 A EP 04001242A EP 1557607 A1 EP1557607 A1 EP 1557607A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- burner
- cooling air
- component
- pressure
- outlet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D17/00—Burners for combustion simultaneously or alternately of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
- F23D17/002—Burners for combustion simultaneously or alternately of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2214/00—Cooling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for cooling a component a gas turbine with a combustion chamber upstream Burner outlet of a burner, wherein the component via a cooling air flow from an input side with cooling air is charged.
- the invention further relates to a burner with a component to be cooled, one of a combustion chamber a gas turbine upstream burner outlet of the burner and one of the component from an input side with cooling air acting cooling air flow.
- a gas turbine is an engine that generates heat energy converts a hot gas into mechanical energy and it is for example as a drive unit, preferably used to generate electricity.
- the gas turbine has different components. In a compressor sucked in air is compressed. The compressed Air flows through a burner located behind the compressor to. There it is mixed with injected fuel and in burned the subsequent combustion chamber. As fuel can serve natural gas or fuel oil.
- the combustion chamber has a Combustion chamber in which the combustion takes place.
- the combustion chamber upstream are a number of burners, with each one Burner one burner outlet in the form of a flow channel is located directly where the fuel injection and air supply takes place immediately.
- the compressed Air is converted to hot gas by combustion of the fuel with a temperature that is above in modern machines of 1400 ° C.
- the number of burners can thereby advantageously the combustion chamber can be arranged around.
- the combustion chamber can be arranged around.
- it is in the arrangement around a concentric around the combustion chamber arranged around annular burner assembly.
- a gas turbine is expediently designed such that it delivers as high a power as possible or has the highest possible efficiency, the efficiency being the ratio between the power delivered and the power supplied.
- the efficiency being the ratio between the power delivered and the power supplied.
- it is important that a combustion-resulting NO x emission and the emission of other harmful combustion gases should be kept as low as possible.
- the heated components of the Gas turbine in particular such components of the gas turbine, the Have hot gas contact, especially the components of a combustion chamber, be cooled with cooling air. So far, it's common to remove the cooling air from the compressor and to cool it Component via a cooling air duct from an input side to apply the cooling air, d. H. the cooling air the Supply component and then inflate this with cooling air.
- Desirable would be a concept for cooling a component of a Gas turbine, with a comparable good efficiency contributes to the reduction of pollutant emissions.
- the invention begins, whose task it is to provide a method for cooling a component of a gas turbine and a device with a component to be cooled in which the cooling concept is designed in such a way that that the efficiency of the gas turbine is not reduced and the Pollutant emission of the gas turbine is lowered.
- the invention is based on the consideration that so far in the Framework of the open cooling air concept pursued solution principle unfavorable with regard to the pollutant emission of the gas turbine is.
- the invention has now recognized that it is particularly advantageous in terms of Pollutant emission proves the cooling air in a closed Cooling air concept, if possible, to the burner, d. H. in particular to supply the burner flow.
- the following will be the cooling air already supplied to the burner outlet and not first the combustion chamber of the combustion chamber. That's the way it will be now allows the cooling air completely at the mixing with fuel in the burner and burning in the burner downstream combustion chamber can participate.
- the improved mixing of the cooling air according to the present concept reduces the overall fuel-air ratio. This measure reduces from the outset the combustion temperature to an advantageous level and as a result of the formation of NO x .
- the closed cooling air concept thus contributes to a significant reduction in NO x emissions. Emission of CO and other unburned hydrocarbons is still kept low.
- the proposed here supply of cooling air to the burner outlet in the context of the closed cooling concept is in the Frame of the invention in a particularly effective manner thereby achieved that when operating the burner from the input side or the burner inlet to the burner outlet or the Combustion chamber towards a pressure gradient in the cooling air flow or is maintained in the burner flow channel.
- the cooling air becomes the burner outlet by taking advantage of this pressure gradient fed.
- the cooling air is therefore in injected the burner flow channel and as a result of this Injektor strictly advantageously mixed with the fuel-air flow. This proves to be particularly favorable in his Effect on the combustion process and thus in terms lowering of fuel-air ratio and as a result of the pollutant emission.
- the object is achieved by the invention solved by the burner mentioned above, in which according to the invention the cooling air duct a cooling air outlet in the burner outlet and thus directly into the burner flow channel wherein, during operation of the burner, a pressure gradient in the cooling air duct from the inlet side to the cooling air outlet and to the burner outlet in the burner.
- the pressure on the component to be cooled is advantageous between the input side and the burner outlet side Print.
- the cooling air collects in through the burner insert, U-ring, Swirl generator and burner exit wall formed space and It cools these components before the advantageous Cooling air supplied to the burner flow channel at the burner outlet becomes.
- the pressure gradient is preferably through appropriately arranged seals maintained as effectively as possible.
- a first seal between the grooved ring and the swirl generator arranged.
- a second Seal is advantageous between the burner insert and the Burner exit wall arranged.
- a third seal between the burner insert and the U-ring arranged.
- the invention also leads to a gas turbine with a top explained burner.
- FIG 1A is a sectional view of an upper part of a Burner 1 according to the prior art in which the usual open cooling air concept is clarified.
- the lower Part of the burner 1 according to the prior art is shown in FIG 1A not shown, but results in its principle by a reflection at the symmetry line 2.
- the burner 1 according to the prior art has a burner insert 3, held by means of a Nutrings 5 on the housing of the gas turbine is. To compensate for uneven thermal expansion of the Swirl generator 7 relative to the grooved ring 5 slidably mounted.
- the compressor end air formed Combustion air supply 4 and fuel injection 6 schematically shown.
- the cooling air flow of the burner in the first realized according to the prior art open cooling air concept is represented by arrows.
- the cooling air flow is by appropriately designed channels in the burner insert 3 and formed in the U-ring 5.
- a to be cooled H alloyströmtes component such as the burner insert 3, and the mainly heated by heat conduction components, such as Grooved ring 5, swirl generator 7 and burner outlet wall 9 with Cooling air applied. That is, the components 3, 7 and 9 Cooling air is supplied by being flown.
- the Grooved ring 5 is flowed through by cooling air.
- the cooling air is again led away from the components and discharged into the environment in the context of the usual open cooling air concept after cooling the components 3, 5, 7, 9.
- the cooling air is supplied to the combustion chamber, not shown, at a later time, but does not participate in the combustion practically.
- This open cooling concept has proven disadvantageous.
- the supply of cooling air directly into the combustion chamber leads to an increase in the fuel-air ratio in the flame, this has higher combustion temperatures and thus increased NO x emissions result.
- FIG 1B shows the section of a lower part of a particularly preferred embodiment of a burner 11 according to the invention.
- the upper part of the particularly preferred embodiment of the burner 11 corresponds in principle to the bottom part mirrored on the symmetry line 2.
- the particularly preferred embodiment of the burner 11 has a burner insert 13, a U-ring 15 and a swirl generator 17.
- the combustion air supply 14 and the fuel injection 16 are shown schematically.
- a closed cooling air concept is realized with the cooling air guide 18, which is formed by corresponding channels in and on the burner insert 13, the groove ring 15, the swirl generator 17 and the burner outlet wall 19.
- the cooling air flow is indicated by corresponding arrows.
- the burner 11 has a combustion chamber, not shown, of a gas turbine upstream burner outlet 21 of the burner 11.
- the components to be cooled, ie the burner insert 13, the U-ring 15, the swirl generator 17 and a burner outlet wall 19 are acted upon via the cooling air guide 18 from an input side 23 ago with the cooling air. That is, the cooling air is supplied via the input side 23 to the component 13, 15, 17, and 19 and the component 13, 15, 17, and 19 is flown.
- the cooling air duct 18 forming channels also the burner insert 13, the U-ring 15 and the swirl generator 17 is flowed through by the cooling air.
- a closed cooling air concept is realized in the context of the cooling air guide 18. That is, during operation of the burner in the context of the closed cooling air concept is from the input side 23 to the burner outlet 21 of the burner 11 out through a pressure p 1 , p 2 and p 3 characterized pressure gradient maintained in the cooling air duct 18 and the cooling air shown by arrows taking advantage of the pressure gradient p 1 > p 2 > p 3 fed to the burner outlet 21.
- the burner outlet 21 of the burner 11 is preceded by the combustion chamber, not shown.
- the cooling air is thus added to the combustion air at a particularly early stage and can contribute to the emission of pollutants.
- the prevailing pressures p 1 , p 2 , p 3 are shown in FIG 1B.
- the first pressure p 1 is greater than the second pressure p 2 and the second pressure p 2 is greater than the third pressure p 3 .
- the first pressure p 1 is formed on the input side 23 and corresponds to the pressure of the air supplied to the burner.
- the second pressure p 2 is a pressure which is formed in a space 25 which is formed by the burner insert 13, the groove ring 15, the swirl generator 17 and the burner outlet wall 19. In this way, four components 13, 15, 17, 19 are advantageously cooled.
- the span of the pressure gradient p 1 > p 2 > p 3 is predetermined by the pressure p 3 on the side of the burner outlet 21 and the pressure p 1 on the inlet side 23.
- the pressure p 2 in the space 25 is mainly maintained and stabilized that the space 25 is sealed with seals 30, 31 and 32 against escape of the cooling air.
- a first seal 32 between the U-ring 15 and the swirl generator 17 is arranged.
- a second seal 31 is disposed between the burner insert 13 and the burner exit wall 19.
- a third seal 30 is disposed between the burner insert 13 and the U-ring 15.
- a pressure gradient p 1 > p 2 > p 3 is maintained in the cooling air guide 18 during operation of the burner 11 from the input side 23 to the burner outlet 21 and the cooling air by utilizing the pressure gradient p 1 > p 2 > p 3 the Burner outlet 21 supplied.
- a burner 11 has a component to be cooled 13, 15, 17, 19, a combustion chamber of a gas turbine upstream burner outlet 21 of the burner 11 and a component 13, 15, 17, 19 from an input side 23 forth with cooling air acting on the cooling air duct 18 ,
- the cooling air duct 18 according to the concept proposed here, a cooling air outlet 27 in the burner outlet 21 and during operation of the burner 11, there is a pressure drop p 1 > p 2 > p 3 in the cooling air duct 18 from the input side 23 to the burner outlet.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- von der Eingangsseite zum Brenneraustritt hin ein Druckgefälle in der Kühlluftführung aufrechterhalten wird und
- die Kühlluft unter Ausnutzung des Druckgefälles dem Brenneraustritt zugeführt wird.
- einen ersten Druck auf der Eingangsseite auf
- einen zweiten Druck am zu kühlenden Bauteil auf und
- einen dritten Druck im Brennerraum auf, wobei
- der erste Druck größer als der zweite Druck ist und der zweite Druck größer als der dritte Druck ist.
- FIG 1A
- einen umfänglich an einer Brennkammer angebrachten üblichen Brenner mit einem offenen Kühlkonzept gemäß dem Stand der Technik;
- FIG 1B
- eine umfänglich an einer Brennkammer angebrachte besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Brenners im Rahmen eines geschlossenen Kühlkonzepts.
Claims (11)
- Verfahren zur Kühlung eines Bauteils (13, 15, 17, 19) einer Gasturbine mit einem einer Brennkammer vorgelagerten Brenneraustritt (21) eines Brenners (11), wobei
das Bauteil (13, 15, 17, 19) über eine Kühlluftführung (18) von einer Eingangsseite (23) her mit Kühlluft beaufschlagt wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
bei Betrieb des Brenners (11)von der Eingangsseite (23) zum Brenneraustritt (21) hin ein Druckgefälle (p1 > p2 > p3) in der Kühlluftführung (18) aufrechterhalten wird, unddie Kühlluft unter Ausnutzung des Druckgefälles (p1 > p2 > p3) dem Brenneraustritt (21) zugeführt wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Druckgefälle (p1 > p2 > p3) aufrechterhalten wird, indem die Kühlluftführung (18) und/oder das Bauteil (13, 15, 17, 19) gegen ein Entweichen der Kühlluft abgedichtet wird. - Brenner (11) mit
einem zu kühlenden Bauteil (13, 15, 17, 19),
einem einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbine vorgelagerten Brenneraustritt (21) des Brenners (11), und
einer das Bauteil (13, 15, 17, 19) von einer Eingangsseite her mit Kühlluft beaufschlagenden Kühlluftführung (18)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Kühlluftführung (18) einen Kühlluftaustritt (27) in den Brenneraustritt (21) aufweist, und bei Betrieb des Brenners (11) ein Druckgefälle (p1 > p2 > p3) in der Kühlluftführung (18) von der Eingangsseite (23) zum Brennerraum (21) hin besteht. - Brenner (11) nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Kühlluftführung (18) und/oder das Bauteil (13, 15, 17, 19) gegen ein Entweichen der Kühlluft durch eine Dichtung (30, 31, 32) abgedichtet ist. - Brenner (11) nach Anspruch 3 oder 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Druckgefälle (p1 > p2 > p3)
einen ersten Druck (p1) auf der Eingangsseite (23) aufweist einen zweiten Druck (p2) am zu kühlenden Bauteil (13, 15, 17, 19) aufweist, und
einen dritten Druck (p3) im Brennerraum (21) aufweist, wobei der erste Druck (p1) größer als der zweite Druck (p2) ist und der zweite Druck (p2) größer als der dritte Druck (p3) ist. - Brenner (11) nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Bauteil (13, 15, 17, 19) ein heißgaskontaktiertes Bauteil ist, insbesondere ein Bauteil aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Brennereinsatz (13), Nutring (15), Drallerzeuger (17) und Brenneraustrittswand (19). - Brenner (11) nach Anspruch 5 und 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der zweite Druck (p2) ein Druck in einem vom Brennereinsatz (13), dem Nutring (15), dem Drallerzeuger (17) und einer Brenneraustrittswand (19) gebildeten Raum (25) ist. - Brenner nach Anspruch 5 und 6, oder 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
eine erste Dichtung (32) zwischen dem Nutring (15) und dem Drallerzeuger (17) angeordnet ist. - Brenner nach Anspruch 5 und 6, oder 7 oder 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
eine zweite Dichtung (31) zwischen dem Brennereinsatz (13) und einer Brenneraustrittswand (19) angeordnet ist. - Brenner nach Anspruch 5 und 6, oder nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
eine dritte Dichtung (30) zwischen dem Brennereinsatz (13) und dem Nutring (15) angeordnet ist. - Gasturbine mit einem Brenner (11) nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 10.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE502004011695T DE502004011695D1 (de) | 2004-01-21 | 2004-01-21 | Brenner mit gekühltem Bauteil, Gasturbine sowie Verfahren zur Kühlung des Bauteils |
| EP04001242A EP1557607B1 (de) | 2004-01-21 | 2004-01-21 | Brenner mit gekühltem Bauteil, Gasturbine sowie Verfahren zur Kühlung des Bauteils |
| AT04001242T ATE483138T1 (de) | 2004-01-21 | 2004-01-21 | Brenner mit gekühltem bauteil, gasturbine sowie verfahren zur kühlung des bauteils |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04001242A EP1557607B1 (de) | 2004-01-21 | 2004-01-21 | Brenner mit gekühltem Bauteil, Gasturbine sowie Verfahren zur Kühlung des Bauteils |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1557607A1 true EP1557607A1 (de) | 2005-07-27 |
| EP1557607B1 EP1557607B1 (de) | 2010-09-29 |
Family
ID=34626480
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04001242A Expired - Lifetime EP1557607B1 (de) | 2004-01-21 | 2004-01-21 | Brenner mit gekühltem Bauteil, Gasturbine sowie Verfahren zur Kühlung des Bauteils |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1557607B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE483138T1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE502004011695D1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2182285A1 (de) | 2008-10-29 | 2010-05-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Brennereinsatz für eine Gasturbinenbrennkammer und Gasturbine |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019204746A1 (de) | 2019-04-03 | 2020-10-08 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Hitzeschildkachel mit Dämpfungsfunktion |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5323604A (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1994-06-28 | General Electric Company | Triple annular combustor for gas turbine engine |
| EP0724119A2 (de) * | 1995-01-26 | 1996-07-31 | General Electric Company | Stirnwand für eine Gasturbinenbrennkammer |
| DE19757617A1 (de) * | 1997-12-23 | 1999-03-25 | Siemens Ag | Verbrennungssystem sowie Brenner eines Verbrennungssystems |
| US5941076A (en) * | 1996-07-25 | 1999-08-24 | Snecma-Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation | Deflecting feeder bowl assembly for a turbojet engine combustion chamber |
| WO1999046540A1 (de) * | 1998-03-10 | 1999-09-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Brennkammer und verfahren zum betrieb einer brennkammer |
| US5956955A (en) * | 1994-08-01 | 1999-09-28 | Bmw Rolls-Royce Gmbh | Heat shield for a gas turbine combustion chamber |
| US6035645A (en) * | 1996-09-26 | 2000-03-14 | Societe National D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation "S.N.E.C.M.A." | Aerodynamic fuel injection system for a gas turbine engine |
| US6530223B1 (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2003-03-11 | General Electric Company | Multi-stage radial axial gas turbine engine combustor |
| WO2003036167A1 (de) * | 2001-10-19 | 2003-05-01 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Brenner für synthesegas |
-
2004
- 2004-01-21 DE DE502004011695T patent/DE502004011695D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-21 EP EP04001242A patent/EP1557607B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-21 AT AT04001242T patent/ATE483138T1/de active
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5323604A (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1994-06-28 | General Electric Company | Triple annular combustor for gas turbine engine |
| US5956955A (en) * | 1994-08-01 | 1999-09-28 | Bmw Rolls-Royce Gmbh | Heat shield for a gas turbine combustion chamber |
| EP0724119A2 (de) * | 1995-01-26 | 1996-07-31 | General Electric Company | Stirnwand für eine Gasturbinenbrennkammer |
| US5941076A (en) * | 1996-07-25 | 1999-08-24 | Snecma-Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation | Deflecting feeder bowl assembly for a turbojet engine combustion chamber |
| US6035645A (en) * | 1996-09-26 | 2000-03-14 | Societe National D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation "S.N.E.C.M.A." | Aerodynamic fuel injection system for a gas turbine engine |
| DE19757617A1 (de) * | 1997-12-23 | 1999-03-25 | Siemens Ag | Verbrennungssystem sowie Brenner eines Verbrennungssystems |
| WO1999046540A1 (de) * | 1998-03-10 | 1999-09-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Brennkammer und verfahren zum betrieb einer brennkammer |
| US6530223B1 (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2003-03-11 | General Electric Company | Multi-stage radial axial gas turbine engine combustor |
| WO2003036167A1 (de) * | 2001-10-19 | 2003-05-01 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Brenner für synthesegas |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2182285A1 (de) | 2008-10-29 | 2010-05-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Brennereinsatz für eine Gasturbinenbrennkammer und Gasturbine |
| US9074771B2 (en) | 2008-10-29 | 2015-07-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Burner inserts for a gas turbine combustion chamber and gas turbine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE483138T1 (de) | 2010-10-15 |
| EP1557607B1 (de) | 2010-09-29 |
| DE502004011695D1 (de) | 2010-11-11 |
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