EP1547295A2 - Method and system for providing bandwidth allocation and sharing in a hybrid wired/wireless network - Google Patents
Method and system for providing bandwidth allocation and sharing in a hybrid wired/wireless networkInfo
- Publication number
- EP1547295A2 EP1547295A2 EP03797893A EP03797893A EP1547295A2 EP 1547295 A2 EP1547295 A2 EP 1547295A2 EP 03797893 A EP03797893 A EP 03797893A EP 03797893 A EP03797893 A EP 03797893A EP 1547295 A2 EP1547295 A2 EP 1547295A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bandwidth
- access
- switch
- access point
- processor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/08—Access point devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/2854—Wide area networks, e.g. public data networks
- H04L12/2856—Access arrangements, e.g. Internet access
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/12—Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion
- H04L47/125—Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion by balancing the load, e.g. traffic engineering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/24—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
- H04L47/2408—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS for supporting different services, e.g. a differentiated services [DiffServ] type of service
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
- H04L47/72—Admission control; Resource allocation using reservation actions during connection setup
- H04L47/724—Admission control; Resource allocation using reservation actions during connection setup at intermediate nodes, e.g. resource reservation protocol [RSVP]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
- H04L47/78—Architectures of resource allocation
- H04L47/783—Distributed allocation of resources, e.g. bandwidth brokers
- H04L47/785—Distributed allocation of resources, e.g. bandwidth brokers among multiple network domains, e.g. multilateral agreements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
- H04L47/80—Actions related to the user profile or the type of traffic
- H04L47/805—QOS or priority aware
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
- H04L47/82—Miscellaneous aspects
- H04L47/824—Applicable to portable or mobile terminals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/35—Switches specially adapted for specific applications
- H04L49/351—Switches specially adapted for specific applications for local area network [LAN], e.g. Ethernet switches
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/08—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities
- H04L63/0823—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities using certificates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/50—Network services
- H04L67/60—Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources
- H04L67/61—Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources taking into account QoS or priority requirements
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/40—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass for recovering from a failure of a protocol instance or entity, e.g. service redundancy protocols, protocol state redundancy or protocol service redirection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/14—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
- H04W16/16—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks for PBS [Private Base Station] arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
- H04W28/18—Negotiating wireless communication parameters
- H04W28/20—Negotiating bandwidth
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
- H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
- H04L1/1607—Details of the supervisory signal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/20—Support for services
- H04L49/205—Quality of Service based
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/14—Multichannel or multilink protocols
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
- H04L69/32—Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
- H04L69/322—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
- H04L69/329—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the application layer [OSI layer 7]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
- H04W28/26—Resource reservation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
- H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
- H04W72/0453—Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
- H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present application relate generally to hybrid wired/wireless networking, and more particularly to a method and system for bandwidth allocation and sharing in a hybrid wired/wireless network.
- FIG. 1a is a block diagram 100 of the OSI model.
- the OSI model has seven distinct functional layers including layer 7, an application layer 114; layer 6, a presentation layer 112; layer 5, a session layer 110; layer 4, a transport layer 108, layer 3, a network layer 106; layer 2: a data link layer 104; and layer 1 , a physical layer 102.
- the physical layer 102 may further include a physical layer convergence procedure (PLCP) sublayer 102b and a physical media dependent sublayer 102a.
- the data link layer 104 may also include a Medium access control (MAC) layer 104a.
- MAC Medium access control
- each OSI layer describes certain tasks which are necessary for facilitating the transfer of information through interfacing layers and ultimately through the network. Notwithstanding, the OSI model does not describe any particular implementation of the various layers.
- OSI layers 1 to 4 generally handle network control and data transmission and reception, generally referred to as end-to-end network services. Layers 5 to 7 handle application issues, generally referred to as application services. Specific functions of each layer may vary depending on factors such as protocol and/or interface requirements or specifications that are necessary for implementation of a particular layer.
- the Ethernet protocol may provide collision detection and carrier sensing in the physical layer.
- Layer 1 the physical layer 102, is responsible for handling all electrical, optical, opto- electrical and mechanical requirements for interfacing to the communication media.
- the physical layer 102 may facilitate the transfer of electrical signals representing an information bitstream.
- the physical layer 102 may also provide services such as, encoding, decoding, synchronization, clock data recovery, and transmission and reception of bit streams.
- the PLCP layer 102b may be configured to adapt and map services provided by the physical layer 102 to the functions provided by the device specific PMD sublayer 102a. Specifically, the PLCP layer 102b may be adapted to map PHY sublayer service data units (PDSUs) into a suitable packet and/or framing format necessary for providing communication services between two or more entities communicating via the physical medium.
- the PMD layer 102a specifies the actual methodology and/or protocols which may be used for receiving and transmitting via the physical medium.
- the MAC sublayer 104a may be adapted to provide, for example, any necessary drivers which may be utilized to access the functions and services provided by the PLCP sublayer 102b. Accordingly, higher layer services may be adapted to utilize the services provided by the MAC sublayer 104a with little or no dependence on the PMD sublayer 102a.
- the 802.11 is a suite of specifications promulgated by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), which provide communication standards for the MAC and physical (PHY) layer of the OSI model.
- IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
- the 801.11 standard also provides communication standards for wired and wireless local area networks (WLANs). More specifically, the 802.11 standard specifies five (5) types of physical layers for WLANs. These include, frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS), direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), infrared (IR) communication, high rate direct sequence spread spectrum spread spectrum (HR-DSS) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM).
- FHSS frequency hopping spread spectrum
- DSSS direct sequence spread spectrum
- IR infrared
- HR-DSS high rate direct sequence spread spectrum spread spectrum
- OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
- the 802.11 standard also provides a PLCP frame format for each of the specified PHY layers.
- Ethernet speeds being increased from about 1-2 megabit per second (Mbps), to 10 Mbps, to 100 Mbps, to 1 gigabit per second (Gbps) to 10 Gbps.
- 802.11b, 802.11a and 802.11g which have been adapted to facilitate the demands for increased data rates.
- the 802.11g standard for example, provides a maximum data rate of about 54 Mbps at a transmitter/receiver range of 19 meters (m) in a frequency range of 2.4 GHz to 2.4835 GHz.
- the 802.11b standard for example, provides a maximum data rate of about 11 Mbps at a transmitter/receiver range of 57 meters (m) in a frequency range of 2.4 GHz to 2.4835 GHz.
- the 802.11a standard for example, may be adapted to provide a maximum data rate of about 54 Mbps at a transmitter/receiver range of 12 meters (m) in a 300 MHz segmented bandwidth ranging from 5.150 GHz to 5.350 GHz and from 5.725 GHz to 5.825 GHz.
- the 802.11 standard forms the basis of the other standards in the suite of specifications, and the 802.11b, 802.11a and 802. 1g standards provide various enhancements and new features to their predecessor standards. Notwithstanding, there are certain elementary building blocks that are common to all the standards in the suite of specifications. For example, all the standards in the suite of specifications utilize the Ethernet protocol and utilize carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA).
- CSMA/CA carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance
- CSMA/CA utilizes a simple negotiation scheme to permit access to a communication medium. If a transmitting entity wishes to transmit information to a receiving entity, the transmitting entity may sense the communication medium for communication traffic. In a case where the communication medium is busy, the transmitting entity may desist from making a transmission and attempt transmission at a subsequent time. In a case where the communication transmission is not busy, then the transmitting entity may send information over the communication medium. Notwithstanding, there may be a case where two or more transmission entities sense that the communication medium is not busy and attempt transmission at the same instant. To avoid collisions and retransmissions, a CSMA/OA or ready to send (RTS) and clear to send (CTS) messaging scheme may be employed, for example.
- RTS ready to send
- CTS clear to send
- the transmitting device may send a ready to send message to one or more receiving device. Subsequent to the receipt of the ready to send message, the receiving device may send a clear to send message. Upon receipt of the clear to send message by the transmitting device, the transmitting device may initiate transfer of data to the receiving device. Upon receiving packets or frames from the transmitting device, the receiving device may acknowledge the received frames.
- the 802.11b standard commonly called Wi-Fi, which represents wireless fidelity, is backward compatible with its predecessor standard 802.11.
- 802.11 utilizes one of two modulation formats including direct sequence spread spectrum (DSS) using differential binary phase shift keying and frequency hopping spread spectrum (11 -bit Barker sequence), 802.11b utilizes a higher data rate form of DSS called complementary code keying (CCK).
- DSS direct sequence spread spectrum
- CCK complementary code keying
- CCK permits higher data rate and particularly less susceptible to interference effects such as multipath-propagation interference, the PSK.
- 802.11a utilizes orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation/encoding scheme, which provides a maximum data rate 54 Mbps.
- OFDM orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
- Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing is a digital modulation technique which splits a signal into several narrowband channels, with each channel having a different frequency. Each narrowband channel is arranged so as to minimize the effects of crosstalk between the channels and symbols in the data stream.
- 802.11a equipment Since equipment designed to provide support for 802.11a operates at frequencies in the ranges 5.150 GHz to 5.350 GHz and from 5.725 GHz to 5.825 GHz, 802.11a equipment will not interoperate with equipment designed to operate with the 802.11b standard which defines operation in the 2.4 to 2.4835 GHz frequency band.
- 802.11b standard which defines operation in the 2.4 to 2.4835 GHz frequency band.
- One major drawback is that companies that have invested in 802.11b equipment and infrastructure may not readily upgrade their network without significant expenditure.
- the 802.11g standard was developed as an extension to 802.11b standard.
- the 802.11g standard may utilize a similar OFDM modulation scheme as the 802.11a standard and delivers speeds comparable with the 802.11a standard. Since 802.11g compatible equipment operates in the same portion of the electromagnetic spectrum as 802.11b compatible equipment, 802.11g is backwards compatible with existing 802.11b WLAN infrastructures. Due to backward compatibility of 802.11g with 802.11b, it would be desirable to have an 802.11b compliant radio card capable of interfacing directly with an 802.11g compliant access point and also an 802.11g compliant radio card capable of interfacing directly with an 802.11b compliant access point.
- 802.11g compatible equipment operates in the 2.4 GHz to 2.4835 GHz frequency range
- a typical transmitted signal utilizes a bandwidth of approximately 22 MHz, about a third or 30% of the total allocated bandwidth. This limits the number of non-overlapping channels utilized by an 802.11g access point to three (3).
- 802.11b A similar scenario exists with 802.11b. Accordingly, many of the channel assignment and frequency reuse schemes associated with the 802.11b standard may be inherent in the 802.11g.
- RF interference may pose additional operational problems with 802.11b and 802.11g equipment designed to operate in the 2.4 GHz portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
- the 2.4 GHz portion of the spectrum is an unlicensed region which has been utilized for some time and is crowded with potential interfering devices. Some of these devices include cordless telephone, microwave ovens, intercom systems and baby monitors. Other potential interfering devices may be Bluetooth devices. Accordingly, interference poses interference problems with the 802.11 b and 802.11g standards.
- 802.11a compatible equipment utilizes eight non-overlapping channels, as compared to three non-overlapping channels utilized by 802.11 b. Accordingly, 802.11a access points may be deployed in a more dense manner than, for example 802.11b compatible equipment. For example, up to twelve access points each having a different assigned frequency may be deployed in a given area without causing co-channel interference. Consequently, 802.11a may be particularly useful in overcoming some of the problems associated with channel assignment, especially in areas that may have a dense user population and where increased throughput may be critical. Notwithstanding, the higher operating frequency of 802.11a causes more attenuation resulting in a shorter operating range at a given data rate. This may significantly increase deployment cost since a larger number of access points are required to service a given service area.
- the method for bandwidth allocation and sharing in a hybrid wired/wireless local area network may include reserving bandwidth for a first access device, a first access point and/or a first switch.
- a communication session associated with one or more of the first access device, first access point and first switch at least a portion of the reserved bandwidth may be allocated for use by the first access device, first access point and/or first switch.
- At least a portion of the reserved bandwidth may be utilized during the communication session.
- At least an unused remaining portion of the reserved bandwidth may be utilized for communication by one or more of a second access device, a second access point and a second switch.
- the first and/or second access points may receive a request for bandwidth from the first and/or second access devices.
- the first and/or second switches may receive a request for bandwidth from the first and/or second access points.
- At least a portion of the reserved bandwidth and an unused remaining portion of the reserved bandwidth may be allocated upon initiation of the communication session and/or during the communication session.
- the reservation of bandwidth may be based on a device type or a priority assigned to an access devices. Accordingly, an access device's device type and/or priority may be identified prior to reservation of the bandwidth.
- Bandwidth information associated with first and second access devices, first and second access points, and first and second switches may be received from any one or more of a bandwidth management process, a quality of service management process, a load balancing management process, a session control process, and a network management process using, for example, a messaging protocol message.
- the received bandwidth information may be utilized for bandwidth allocation and sharing.
- Another embodiment of the invention may provide a machine-readable storage, having stored thereon a computer program having at least one code section for providing bandwidth allocation and sharing in a hybrid wired/wireless local area network, the at least one code section being executable by a machine for causing the machine to perform the steps described above.
- a system for bandwidth allocation and sharing in a hybrid wired/wireless local area network may include at least one processor that may be adapted to reserve bandwidth for a first access device, a first access point and/or a first switch.
- the processor may allocate at least a portion of the reserved bandwidth for use by the first access device, first access point and/or first switch.
- the processor may utilize the reserved bandwidth during the communication session. At least an unused remaining portion of the reserved bandwidth may be utilized by the processor for communication by one or more of a second access device, a second access point and a second switch.
- the processor may be adapted to reserve the bandwidth based on a device type and/or priority associated with a particular access device. Prior to reservation of the bandwidth, the processor may identify the device type and/or priority of an access device.
- the processor may be adapted to receive bandwidth information associated with the first and second access devices, the first and second access point, and/or the first and second switches from one or more of a bandwidth management process, a quality of service management process, a load balancing management process, a session control process, and a network management process using, for example, a messaging protocol message.
- the processor may utilize the received bandwidth information for bandwidth allocation and sharing.
- the processor may be one or more of a control processor, a bandwidth management controller, a quality of service controller, a load balancing controller, a session controller and a network management controller.
- FIG. 1a is a block diagram of the OSI model.
- FIG. 1b is a block diagram illustrating a general PLCP frame as defined by 802.11.
- FIG. 1c is a block diagram illustrating a PLCP frame utilized by frequency hopping spread spectrum as defined by 802.11.
- FIG. 1d is a block diagram illustrating a PLCP frame for direct sequence spread spectrum and high rate direct sequence spread spectrum as defined by 802.11.
- FIG. 1e is a block diagram illustrating a PLCP frame for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing as defined by 802.11.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary system having an intelligent switch for bandwidth management in a hybrid wired/wireless network in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram 300 of an exemplary Enterprise Wireless LAN having switches serving as the edge managers in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a bock diagram of an exemplary hierarchy that may be utilized for bandwidth reservation, sharing and allocation in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an exemplary system for bandwidth allocation and sharing in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
- the method for bandwidth allocation and sharing in a hybrid wired/wireless local area network may include reserving bandwidth for a first access device, a first access point and/or a first switch.
- a communication session associated with one or more of the first access device, first access point and first switch at least a portion of the reserved bandwidth may be allocated for use by the first access device, first access point and/or first switch.
- At least a portion of the reserved bandwidth may be utilized during the communication session.
- At least an unused remaining portion of the reserved bandwidth may be utilized for communication by one or more of a second access device, a second access point and a second switch.
- FIG. 1b is a block diagram 120 illustrating a general PLCP frame as defined by 802.11.
- preamble 122 may include synchronization (SYNC) data 122a and synchronization delimiter 122b.
- the PLCP header 124 may include, for example PLCP signal field (PSF) 124a, service data 124b, length 124c and other fields.
- the preamble 122 may be dependent on the PHY.
- the SYNC data 122a may include a unique bit stream that may be adapted to signal timing parameters such as the start of a frame.
- the SYNC data 122a is used for bit synchronization and demodulation.
- the SYNC delimiter 122b provides frame timing information and may be adapted to delimit the end of synchronization information.
- the PLCP header 124 may be adapted to contain information used for decoding the frame.
- the PSF 124a may be adapted to include communication data rate information.
- the service data 124b is generally reserved, but may be utilized to provide application specific functionality.
- the length 124c may be adapted to indicate the length of the MAC data 126. In this regard, the length 124c may be expressed in terms of the time required to transmit the MAC data 126.
- FIG. 1c is a block diagram 130 illustrating a PLCP frame utilized by frequency hopping spread spectrum as defined by 802.11.
- the PLCP header 134 may include, for example, PSDU length word (PLW) 134a, PLCP signaling field (PSF) 134b, header error check field or CRC 134c and other fields.
- PSDU length word PLW
- PSF PLCP signaling field
- CRC header error check field
- the PLW 134a may specify the number of octets contained in the PSDU 136.
- the PSF 134 be may be 4-bits in length and may be used to denote the communication data rate.
- FIG. 1d is a block diagram 140 illustrating a PLCP frame for direct sequence spread spectrum and high rate direct sequence spread spectrum (HR-DSS) as defined by 802.11.
- preamble 142 may include synchronization (SYNC) data 142a and synchronization delimiter 142b.
- the PLCP header 144 may include PLCP signal field (PSF) 144a, service data 144b, length 144c, and CRC field 144d.
- the SYNC data 142a may be 128 bits as compared to 8 bits for SYNC data 132a for frequency hopping spread spectrum.
- the CRC 144d is 16 bits, which is similar to CRC 134c for frequency hopping spread spectrum.
- FIG. 1e is a block diagram 150 illustrating a PLCP frame for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing as defined by 802.11.
- preamble 152 may include synchronization (SYNC) data 152a and synchronization delimiter 152b.
- the PLCP header 154 may include length 154a, PLCP signal field (PSF) 154b, reserved field 154c, parity 154d, tail 154e and service 154f.
- the length 154a is a 12-bit field that may be adapted to indicate the length of the frame.
- the PSF 154b is a 4-bit field that may indicate a modulation scheme utilized and its associated coding rate of the PSDU.
- the specification utilizes binary 1011 to represent 6 Mbps, 1111 to represent 9 Mbps, 1010 to represent 12 Mbps, 1110 to represent 18 Mbps, 1001 to represent 24 Mbps, 1011 to represent 36 Mbps, 1000 to represent 48 Mbps and finally, 1100 to represent the maximum standardized rate if 54 Mbps.
- the reserved field 154c is a 1 bit field that is reserved for future use and may be adapted for application specific use.
- the parity field 154d may indicate odd or even parity.
- the tail field 154e is a 6-bit field.
- the service field 154f is a 16-bit field that may be adapted to indicate the type of service.
- channel capacity may vary rapidly with time. For example, when the distance from an access device to an access point increases or decreases due to mobility, the channel capacity and ultimately the channel throughput may change with time. Accordingly, as channel capacity increases, so does interference and noise generated by other access devices and/or neighboring access points.
- some systems provide bandwidth management by providing channel and noise avoidance mechanisms. However, these channel and noise avoidance mechanisms are adapted to minimize the effects of interference and noise after the interference and noise occurs.
- a method and system is provided for bandwidth allocation and sharing prior to detection and occurrence of the noise and interference.
- the invention provides an proactive approach to the bandwidth management.
- Bandwidth management may include, but is not limited to, policing, tracking bandwidth usage, and adapting bandwidth allocation to meet user demands and system capability to ensure optimal bandwidth sharing.
- a bandwidth sharing or etiquette scheme may be provided for use, for example, in a multi-band multi-protocol network which may utilize a plurality of radios.
- the invention may be particularly beneficial in such an environment since the plurality of radios or transceiver devices may operate, for example, in different frequency bands and may generate interference and may be also subjected to interference.
- the transceiver devices may include, but are not limited to, access devices and/or access points.
- bandwidth reservations may be made, for example, in a contentious environment via an access point or a switch. Although the bandwidth reservations may be predefined, the invention is not so limited. Accordingly, the bandwidth reservation may be dynamically made.
- a set of predefined rules may be established to reserve bandwidth based on an established criteria.
- the rules may be predefined, based on existing channel conditions, the rules may be dynamically modified to provide optimal bandwidth allocation, sharing and usage while communications sessions may be in progress. For example, although bandwidth may be reserved and allocated for a particular entity, if the reserved bandwidth is not being utilized, then the rules may be dynamically changed to permit usage by another entity.
- Channel etiquette or usage in unlicensed frequency bands may range from polite to impolite.
- channel usage by 801.11 compatible devices may be deemed polite while channel usage by, for example, a microwave which expends energy across all relevant bands, may be deemed impolite.
- the use of a Bluetooth compatible device may be deemed somewhat impolite since a Bluetooth compatible device may have the capability of channel hopping, thereby providing potential interference in a plurality of frequency bands. Accordingly, aspects of the invention provide a common mechanism which may be adapted to permit co-existence and sharing of a plurality of diverse types of radios on a particular channel or frequency band.
- an access device may be adapted to register its bandwidth requirements and needs with a serving access point upon initiation of communication.
- a access device may be permitted to change its bandwidth requirements during a communication session.
- an access device or client may be adapted to dynamically request changes to its bandwidth reservation and bandwidth requirements during an active communication session. For example, if during a plain text session there is a need to send audio and/or video data, additional bandwidth may be requested. Accordingly, the access device may register a request for additional bandwidth or request reservation of additional bandwidth to facilitate its communication needs.
- An access point may be adapted to register bandwidth requirements and needs with a switch upon initiation of a communication session. For example, as traffic density within a coverage area of an access point increases, the access point may request and/or reserve additional bandwidth to accommodate the increased traffic. Additionally, a switch or access point in a first network domain may register its bandwidth requirements and needs with access points and/or other switches in a second network domain.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary system for network management in a wireless local area network in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- the first networking domain 214 may include a switch 202, and access points 204, 206, 208, 210, 212. Each of access points 204, 206, 208, 210, 212 may be coupled to the switch 202.
- the second networking domain 234 may include a switch 222, and access points 224, 226, 228, 230, 232. Each of access points 224, 226, 208, 230, 232 may be coupled to the switch 222.
- Switch 222 may be coupled to switch 202 through any one or more of a wired and a wireless medium. Although not shown, at least some of the access points in any one of the networking domains 214, 234 may be coupled to each other. Notwithstanding, a plurality of actual and/or virtual channels may be provided to facilitate communication with the access points and switches. Although the networking domains 214 and 234 are illustrated as separate networking entities, the invention is not so limited. Accordingly, the networking domain 214, 234 may be part of a single networking entity, but may represent separate security domains within the single networking entity.
- any one or more of the access devices in a domain may reserve bandwidth in its associated domain.
- any one or more if access devices 216a, 216b, 216c in networking domain 214 may be adapted to reserve bandwidth with any one or more of access points 204, 206, 208, 210, 212.
- any one or more if access devices 216a, 216b, 216c in networking domain 234 may be adapted to reserve bandwidth with any one or more of access points 224, 226, 228, 230, 232.
- any one or more of the access points may reserve bandwidth with one or more switches in it associated domain.
- any one of access points 204, 206, 208, 210, 212 in networking domain 214 may reserve bandwidth with switch 202.
- any one of access points 224, 226, 228, 230, 232 in networking domain 234 may reserve bandwidth with switch 222.
- any access device in networking domain 214 may be permitted to reserve bandwidth with any access point or switch in networking domain 234.
- any access device in networking domain 234 may be permitted to reserve bandwidth with any access point or switch in networking domain 214.
- any one or more of the access points in any one or more of the networking domains may be adapted to acquire various bandwidth related information and parameters and communicate the bandwidth related information to one or more of the switches 202, 222.
- access point 206 may be adapted to acquire various bandwidth related information and communicate the acquired information back to the switch 202.
- any one or more of access points 204, 208, 210, 214 may acquire various bandwidth related information and parameters and communicate the acquired information to the switch 202.
- any one or more of access points 224, 226, 228, 230, 232 may acquire various bandwidth related information and parameters and communicate the acquired information to the switch 222.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram 300 of an exemplary Enterprise Wireless LAN having switches serving as the edge managers in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- a local area network (LAN) 302 authentication server 304, server 340, switches 306, 308, access points (APs) 310, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320 and access devices 322, 324, 326, 328, 330, 332, 334, 336, 338.
- LAN local area network
- APs access points
- the invention is not limited to an Enterprise WLAN.
- the invention may be applicable to a wired LAN, a wireless LAN and any combination thereof.
- Wireless transmission or communication between the access devices or clients, and the access points may be secure. This may be also be true for the wired connections between any of the access points 310, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320 and the switches 306, 308.
- the switches 306, 308 and access points 310, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320 may be adapted to communicate using, for example, an Ethernet protocol. From the switch's perspective, the switch may be switching regular layer 2 frames. However, within the switch, knowledge of a WLAN and its management intelligence may reside primarily in software. Notwithstanding, the invention is not limited in this regard.
- the bandwidth reservation may be made at the MAC level or at a super channel layer.
- Rules pertaining to, for example, geography, priority, latency, user status, user identity, and time of day, may dictate how bandwidth may be allocated.
- aspects of the invention may provide bandwidth management in the various domains such as a networking and/or security domain in order to minimize channel and noise interference.
- bandwidth sharing and allocation may be dependent on, for example, whether a particular device is native to a network, the identity of the device and or a device user, and a device type.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram 400 of an exemplary hierarchy that may be utilized for bandwidth reservation, sharing and allocation in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Referring to FIG. 4, there is shown a first tier having a trusted client level 402, a registered client level 404, a native client level 406, and a non-native client level 408. A second tier 410 having a hierarchy dependent on a device type is also illustrated.
- the trusted client level 402 may include all those access device or clients that that may have properly authenticated certificates for communication.
- the registered client level 404 may include those access devices that are registered and known to the system.
- the native client level 406 may include those devices that may be known and which may not have been registered. This may also include devices using the same protocols.
- the non-native client level 408 may include devices other then those on native client level 406.
- trusted client level 404 may have the highest priority while non-native client level 408 may have the lowest priority.
- laptops may have the highest priority while devices other than shown may have the lowest priority.
- the second tier may exist within each of the levels of the first tier.
- a trusted laptop may have highest priority, while a non-native other device may have lowest priority.
- FIG. 4 is provided as an illustration and the invention is not limited in this regard.
- a time division multiplexing (TDM) scheme may be adapted to provide bandwidth sharing in order to minimize channel and noise interference.
- access devices may be given specified instances of time or intervals of time in which they may have a capability to transmit and/or receive information.
- an access device may be adapted to negotiate with an access point and an access device may be adapted to negotiate with a switch in order to acquire sufficient bandwidth for usage.
- an access point may be adapted to negotiate with a switch to acquire sufficient bandwidth for communication.
- the usage of band width may be policed to ensure that a device allocated to a specified bandwidth utilizes only that which is allocated. In case additional bandwidth is required, a new request to reserve additional bandwidth may be initiated. Accordingly, in certain instances, a device or entity may be forced to keep its requested bandwidth.
- a non-native transceiver device may be embedded in a native device to minimize noise and interference in accordance with an aspect of the invention.
- a Bluetooth transceiver device may be embedded into any one or more of an 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g.
- the non-native Bluetooth device may be adapted to transmit to other Bluetooth devices instructing them the minimize interference on the channel.
- the Bluetooth device may instruct other Bluetooth devices to lower their transmit power, switch to other frequencies or enter a stand by mode for a specified period of time.
- FIG. 1c, FIG. 1d and FIG. 1e may be adapted to contain information which may be utilized for providing bandwidth reservation and allocation for access points and/or access devices. This information may be utilized by the switch, access points and/or access devices to provide optimal bandwidth sharing and utilization. Additionally, the PLCP frames may be adapted to convey information for any one or more of, for example, the 801.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g modes of operation utilized by access points and/or access devices in accordance with embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram 500 of an exemplary system for bandwidth allocation and sharing in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- system 502 may include a processor or control processor 510, transmitter 504, receiver 506, generator 508 and controller 512.
- the controller 512 may include QoS controller 514, bandwidth controller 522, load balancing controller 516, session controller 518 and network management controller 520.
- the transmitter 504, receiver 506, generator 508 and the components of the controller 512, namely QoS controller 514, load balancing controller 516, session controller 518 and network management controller 520, may be variously coupled to control processor 510.
- the control processor 510 may be a part of server 340 (FIG. 3), switch 306, 308 and/or an access point such as access points 310, 312, 318, 320.
- the components of system 502 may include suitable circuitry and/or software capable of implementing various network management functions, including but not limited to, hardware acceleration, access point aggregation and resiliency, load balancing, QoS management, bandwidth management, session management and control.
- the task of bandwidth management may include the task of bandwidth allocation and sharing in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- the components of the switch 502 are individually shown, the invention is not limited in this regard.
- the generator function 508 may be implemented solely by the processor 522.
- any one or more of the access point aggregation and resiliency function, bandwidth management function, QoS management function, load balancing function, session management and control function, and network management function may be integrated and with suitable logic and/or software, may be executed by the control processor 510.
- control processor 510 may be adapted to facilitate bandwidth allocation and sharing.
- Control processor 510 with suitable circuitry and/or software may be adapted to utilize information from transmitter 504, receiver 506, generator 508 and/or controller 512 to facilitate bandwidth allocation and sharing. Additionally, control processor 510 may utilize one or more messaging protocol messages to achieve bandwidth allocation and sharing in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- control processor 510 may be adapted to reserve bandwidth for a first access device 328, a first access point 312 and/or a first switch 306.
- the control processor 510 may allocate at least a portion of the reserved bandwidth for use by the first access device 328, first access point 312 and/or first switch 306.
- the control processor 510 may utilize the reserved bandwidth during the communication session. At least an unused remaining portion of the reserved bandwidth may be utilized by the processor for communication by one or more of a second access device 330, a second access point 318 and a second switch 308.
- the control processor 510 may be adapted to reserve the bandwidth based on a device type and/or priority associated with a particular access device. Prior to reservation of the bandwidth, the control processor 510 may identify the device type and/or priority of an access device. The control processor may be adapted to receive bandwidth information associated with the first and second access devices 328, 332, the first and second access point, 312, 318, and/or the first and second switches 306, 308 from one or more of a bandwidth management process, a quality of service management process, a load balancing management process, a session control process, and a network management process using, for example, a messaging protocol message. The control processor 510 may utilize the received bandwidth information for bandwidth allocation and sharing.
- the control processor 510 may be adapted to send and receive information from one or more of a bandwidth management controller 522, a quality of service controller 512, a load balancing controller 516, a session controller 518 and a network management controller 520. Any one or more of the bandwidth management controller 522, a quality of service controller 512, a load balancing controller 516, a session controller 518 and a network management controller 520, may be adapted to store bandwidth related information in database 524, Accordingly, control processor 510 may be adapted to utilize the information stored in database 524 for bandwidth allocation and sharing.
- the functions of one or more of the bandwidth management controller 522, the quality of service controller 512, the load balancing controller 516, the session controller 518 and the network management controller 520 may be integrated within and/or handled by the control processor 510.
- the present invention may be realized in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.
- the present invention may be realized in a centralized fashion in one computer system, or in a distributed fashion where different elements are spread across several interconnected computer systems. Any kind of computer system or other apparatus adapted for carrying out the methods described herein is suited.
- a typical combination of hardware and software may be a general-purpose computer system with a computer program that, when being loaded and executed, controls the computer system such that it carries out the methods described herein.
- the present invention also may be embedded in a computer program product, which comprises all the features enabling the implementation of the methods described herein, and which when loaded in a computer system is able to carry out these methods.
- Computer program in the present context means any expression, in any language, code or notation, of a set of instructions intended to cause a system having an information processing capability to perform a particular function either directly or after either or both of the following: a) conversion to another language, code or notation; b) reproduction in a different material form.
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PCT/US2003/028313 WO2004028058A2 (en) | 2002-09-17 | 2003-09-09 | Method and system for providing bandwidth allocation and sharing in a hybrid wired/wireless network |
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EP1547295A2 true EP1547295A2 (en) | 2005-06-29 |
EP1547295A4 EP1547295A4 (en) | 2006-02-01 |
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US6108314A (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2000-08-22 | Motorola, Inc. | Method, subscriber device, wireless router, and communication system efficiently utilizing the receive/transmit switching time |
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US20020095400A1 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2002-07-18 | Johnson Scott C | Systems and methods for managing differentiated service in information management environments |
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US6108314A (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2000-08-22 | Motorola, Inc. | Method, subscriber device, wireless router, and communication system efficiently utilizing the receive/transmit switching time |
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WO2004028058A3 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
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