EP1545751A4 - Portable compact ultra high purity water system via direct processing from city feed water - Google Patents
Portable compact ultra high purity water system via direct processing from city feed waterInfo
- Publication number
- EP1545751A4 EP1545751A4 EP03765539A EP03765539A EP1545751A4 EP 1545751 A4 EP1545751 A4 EP 1545751A4 EP 03765539 A EP03765539 A EP 03765539A EP 03765539 A EP03765539 A EP 03765539A EP 1545751 A4 EP1545751 A4 EP 1545751A4
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- filter
- reverse osmosis
- purification system
- water purification
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 180
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 title description 20
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012354 overpressurization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003957 anion exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229940023913 cation exchange resins Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
- QUAMTGJKVDWJEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octabenzone Chemical compound OC1=CC(OCCCCCCCC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QUAMTGJKVDWJEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 230000000881 depressing effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 12
- 238000011045 prefiltration Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 12
- IVIIAEVMQHEPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridodecyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCC IVIIAEVMQHEPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ACLBTXLOASZGRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-5-yloxy)-n,n-diethylethanamine;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.O1CCOC2=C1C=CC=C2OCCN(CC)CC ACLBTXLOASZGRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 10
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 5
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloramine Chemical class ClN QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009428 plumbing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960000074 biopharmaceutical Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012206 bottled water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002158 endotoxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009285 membrane fouling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005025 nuclear technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012465 retentate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011012 sanitization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/08—Apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/04—Feed pretreatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F9/20—Portable or detachable small-scale multistage treatment devices, e.g. point of use or laboratory water purification systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/04—Specific process operations in the feed stream; Feed pretreatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
- C02F2001/427—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange using mixed beds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
- C02F2103/04—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply for obtaining ultra-pure water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
- C02F2201/006—Cartridges
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/04—Flow arrangements
- C02F2301/043—Treatment of partial or bypass streams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
Definitions
- This invention relates to a portable compact ultra high purity water system, which is suitable for use with direct processing from city feed water.
- RO Reverse Osmosis
- EDI Electrode Deionization
- High purity water is utilized in numerous applications in some way by virtually all technical research and manufacturing endeavors.
- a major component of modern semiconductor and biopharmaceutical manufacturing is a continuously available supply of exceedingly high purity water.
- Other major applications include the medical instruments, cosmetics, toiletries, photonics, aerospace, pharmaceutical, electronics manufacturing and power generation.
- Ultra high purity water cannot be bottled or stored, but must be manufactured as required, else it immediately degenerates into a lesser quality due to the "universal solvent" nature of deionized water.
- users In order to manufacture water as required, users must utilize a high purity water system on site to provide ultra high purity on demand. The system range from small stills, through to wall mounted water systems to industrial manufacturing water systems housed in their own buildings to vast desalinization plants occupying acres providing drinking water from sea water for entire islands.
- the high purity water is used by various Industries for technical cleaning, degreasing, research, and as a stable and refined constituent of reagents, solutions and products.
- This water system is unique in that that:
- the system employs state of the art technology in conjunction with a unique water processing technique eliminating the customary storage of intermediary quality water allowing for a compact and portable design.
- the high quality, high output system provides larger quantities of product water than can be supplied from wall mounted systems, yet does not require a fixed installation of a typical system of this capacity.
- the system is self contained, compact and portable.
- the system may be operated from any potable feed water supply.
- This invention provides users with significant quantities (2 gpm minimum) of exceedingly high quality water (See attached specification), on demand, from any potable water source, via a compact and portable design that does not require a fixed installation.
- the portability is the result of a novel design that does not utilize a storage tank to accumulate intermediate grade water for high purity processing on demand.
- Fig. 1 is a side view of one embodiment of the claimed invention.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic showing one embodiment of the present invention from beginning though the Reverse Osmosis (RO) system.
- RO Reverse Osmosis
- Fig. 2b is a schematic showing one embodiment of the present invention from after the Reverse Osmosis (RO) system through completion.
- RO Reverse Osmosis
- Fig. 3a through Fig. 3e are, respectively, a left side view, a back view, a front view, a right side view and a top view of one embodiment of the claimed invention.
- Fig. 4a through 4c are, respectively, a front view, a side view and an interior view of the control panel in one embodiment of the claimed invention.
- Water passes through a reduced pressure backflow preventer which isolates city water from the process water which will be purified by this system, as required by local plumbing codes.
- City feed water is passed through a cartridge filter, preferably a 5 micron nominally rated cartridge filter in order to remove fine particles prior to the carbon filter.
- Inlet and outlet pressure gauges are supplied to monitor the pressure drop across this filter, which should be changed out when the pressure drop is 10-15 psig over and above the clean pressure drop for most effective operation and efficiency.
- the filter elements are made of a material which is unable to support the growth of bacteria, preferably polyurethane.
- Filtered water is passed through a carbon filter for the effective removal of light molecular weight organics and chlorine found in the incoming water supply.
- the granular carbon media should be preferably changed every 3 months or every 50,000 gallons, based on chlorine and or organic breakthrough, or excess bacteria counts.
- Inlet and outlet pressure gauges are supplied to monitor the pressure drop across this filter. Inlet and outlet sample valves are furnished for sampling purposes.
- CARBON FILTER optional spare vessel
- Filtered water is passed again through a carbon filter for the effective removal of chloramines and light molecular weight organics and chlorine found in the incoming water supply.
- the second pass through carbon allows for the complete disassociation of the chloramines and the removal of the resultant chlorine.
- the granular carbon media should preferably be changed every 3 months or every 50,000 gallons, based on chlorine and or organic breakthrough, or excess bacteria counts.
- Inlet and outlet pressure gauges are supplied to monitor the pressure drop across this filter. Inlet and outlet sample valves are furnished for sampling purposes.
- Filtered water may be passed through cation ion exchange resins preferably in the sodium form for hardness removal and to provide a "boundary layer" effect to assist in keeping colloidal particles in suspension.
- the softener may also be employed for iron removal and the reduction of alum or polyelectrolyte in the feed water.
- Carbon effluent water is passed through a cartridge filter, preferably a 1 micron nominally rated cartridge filter, in order to remove fine particles prior to the carbon filter.
- Inlet and outlet pressure gauges are supplied to monitor the pressure drop across this filter, which should be changed out when the pressure drop is 10-15 psig over and above the clean pressure drop for most effective operation and efficiency.
- the filter elements are made of polypropylene which is unable to support the growth of bacteria.
- RO Reverse Osmosis
- the RO uses a semi-permeable membrane which allows water to pass through while rejecting 90 to 99% of nearly all contaminants present in the incoming water supply.
- the RO membrane is the finest filter in the entire water purification system with an average pore size of approx. 300 MWCO (molecular weight cutoff).
- the extremely fine pores of the RO system require the use of a high pressure pump in order to efficiently process water.
- RO systems are typically operated at pressures between 150 and 400 psi.
- RO is a tangential flow process where the feed stream splits into treated water (called permeate or product water) and waste water (called reject or concentrate water) as it is processed.
- Contaminants present in the feed stream are removed from water that passes through the membrane and concentrate in the water that remains behind. It is important to maintain adequate flow in the "concentrate” stream to prevent contaminants from depositing on the membranes.
- the RO system has a manually variable recovery rate (the amount of feed water that is converted into product water) which utilizes a needle valve.
- the system may also incorporate a concentrate recycling valve to recycle water back to the beginning of the RO system.
- the concentrate recycling valve is important since it minimizes water consumption while ensuring that there is adequate flow in the concentrate stream to prevent membrane fouling.
- the RO can be operated on warm or cold water supplies. As the water temperature is reduced, the amount of product water produced is also reduced due to increases in water viscosity and the shrinkage of pores associated with temperature changes.
- the RO membranes may require periodic cleaning and should be cleaned if the product water flow-rate falls to 10% below normal (with temperature and pressure conditions the same).
- the RO system is furnished with various instruments and controls to permit monitoring of its operation and performance.
- the RO system employs a pressure relief valve to prevent the unintentional over- pressurization of the RO membranes which could damage the RO membranes.
- the RO system employs a check valve to prevent the unintentional over pressurization of the RO membranes which could damage the RO membranes.
- a DI recirculation pump When the unit is operating or in "stand-by mode", a DI recirculation pump will continuously circulate water through the post treatment or high purity section of the system, (the UV, mixed bed DI and final filter).
- the pump's wettable surfaces are of materials compatible with the intended high purity water service the pump will see.
- Water is passed through a TOC reducing ultraviolet sterilizer containing lamps which give off 185 nm wavelength radiation.
- the unit is designed to oxidize organics, converting them into weak acids and facilitating TOC control.
- the unit also produced conventional 254 nm wavelength radiation which is effective in bacteria control.
- the weak acids along with destroyed microorganisms will be removed by subsequent downstream treatment processes.
- Inlet and outlet sample valves are furnished for monitoring purposes.
- the TOC reducing UV sterilizer is intended to operate only when water is being pumped through it.
- the operation of the unit is therefore interlocked with the operation of the DI recirculation pump and the RO pump.
- Water is pumped through mixed bed deionization comprised of mixed anion and cation ion exchange resins in order to provide essentially deionized or ultra high purity water.
- the high resistivity of the water in the system (>17.0 MegOhm) indicates the desired level of purity. This can be monitored by continuous resistivity readout present in the control panel.
- the mixed bed tanks are portable, low TOC, type one mixed bed ion exchange type media which requires changing when the resistivity begins to fall below the normal operating quality for the system.
- Water is passed through a membrane filtration step using absolute rated membrane filters in order to remove any bacterial and fine particle contamination.
- Inlet and outlet pressure gauges are supplied to monitor the pressure drop across this filter, which should be changed out when the pressure drop is 10-15 psig for most effective operation and efficiency.
- a sampling valve is located after the filter housing to permit sampling of the water prior to distribution.
- the quality of water being supplied to the Point of Use is monitored for resistivity.
- Water flow is monitored with an inline flow meter which will indicate the flow rate through the system.
- the flow rate through the system is present by the RO and water temperature.
- a pressure control valve is installed after the RO to relieve pressure from the pump to drain.
- the system will be equipped with an Ozone generation system to permit the unit to also provide SIP and CIP services.
- the system will be equipped with a distillation module to facilitate the rapid production of WFI water as needed.
- the operation and sequencing of all components in the system are controlled by a programmable logic controller (PLC).
- PLC programmable logic controller
- the PLC contains relays, time delays, counters, etc. required for the smooth operation of the entire water system.
- the PLC contains a program, a copy of which is contained in the manual that details the exact content of the system operating logic and control sequences.
- the PLC contains a battery backup, which holds the contents of the program in memory for a period of up to 5 years in the event of a power outage.
- the main control panel of the system provides the controls required for the system to operate automatically with a series of status lights, alarms, and manual switches to also permit the user to manually control the system.
- a simplified schematic of the system is mounted to the front of the control panel. This laminated schematic contains all the switches, pushbuttons, and status lights required for the operator to know and easily understand the exact operating condition of the system at all times.
- control panel functions will be discussed based on the lights and status indicators present and visible on the front cover of the panel.
- the main fuse disconnect switch controls the supply of power to the entire control panel and must be turned off in order to open up the panel cover to view the inner components.
- the system main power light will indicate when the control system circuitry (120 VAC and 24VDC) is activated. This circuit is protected by a fuse.
- the reverse osmosis system indicating light and associated pushbutton indicates the operating status of the reverse osmosis system. Depressing and releasing the push button once turns the unit on. Depressing and releasing the push button again turns the unit off. When the pushbutton for this is illuminated, the unit is in automatic and ready to go. When the pushbutton light is off (out), the unit will remain off. When the unit is on, the operation of the RO system is controlled by the PLC. When the RO system is operating, sufficient pressure must exist at the inlet to the high pressure RO pump or the unit will automatically shut off and go into a low pressure alarm. This alarm requires the operator to acknowledge the condition by depressing and releasing the alarm reset pushbutton. This alarm requires operator intervention to reset the unit and get it running again.
- a motor starter is used to activate the RO system pump.
- a motor starter consists of a contactor and an overload.
- the contactor portion is a coil that is activated by a signal from the PLC.
- PLC pulls in the coil
- power is sent to the pump.
- the overload acts as a re-settable circuit breaker which continuously monitors the current draw of the pump when it is operating. As the pump wears and ages, or during low voltage conditions such as brown outs, the pump may begin to draw more current. The overload will trip out and stop the pump from operating if it is drawing more current than the overload setting.
- a signal is sent to the PLC indicating that either the pump is running or the overload has been tripped.
- a motor starter is used to activate the DI pump.
- a motor starter consists of a contactor and an overload.
- the contactor portion is a coil that is activated by a signal from the PLC.
- PLC pulls in the coil
- power is sent to the pump.
- the overload acts as a re-settable circuit breaker which continuously monitors the current draw of the pump when it is operating. As the pump wears and ages, or during low voltage conditions such as brown outs, the pump may begin to draw more current. The overload will trip out and stop the pump from operating if it is drawing more current than the overload setting.
- a signal is sent to the PLC indicating that either the pump is running or the overload has been tripped.
- the TOC reducing UV unit running light and associated pushbutton switch will allow the operator to control the operating mode of the TOC reducing UV unit. Depressing and releasing the pushbutton once turns the unit on. Depressing and releasing the pushbutton again turns the unit off. When the pushbutton for this is illuminated, the unit is in automatic and ready to go. When the pushbutton light is off (out), the unit will remain off. When the TOC reducing UV unit is turned on, it will run only when the DI pump is operating or the RO pump is operating and water is flowing through the unit.
- the resistivity monitor is panel mounted and will indicate the specific resistance of the product water in recirculation and the product water supplied to the point of use.
- the control panel is furnished with a number of protective devices and alarms to alert operators that the system requires servicing of some sort. Each alarm condition will light an appropriate specific alarm indicator light, the general alarm light, and close a set of dry "General Alarm" contacts for remote indication in the event that any of these alarm conditions occur.
- the source feed water (1) is connected to the % inch inlet quick connect fitting (not shown).
- the fitting is followed by a first valve V-1 (2) and then a Backflow Preventer BFP-1 (3) which isolates city water from the process water which will be purified by this system, as required by local plumbing codes.
- Pressure PI-1 (7) and temperature TI-1 (5) gauges along with a second valve V-2 (4) and a first sample valve SV-1 (6) are installed after the Backflow Preventer BFP-1 (3).
- the feed water is then passed through a 5 micron nominally rated cartridge filter (micron prefilter) F-l (8) in order to remove fine particles prior to the carbon filter.
- the filter elements are made of polypropylene which does not support the growth of bacteria.
- the filtered water is passed through the micron prefilter F-l (8), it is passed through a carbon filter CF-1 (9) for the effective removal of small molecular weight organics and chlorine found in the incoming water supply.
- the granular carbon media should be changed every 3 months or every 50,000 gallons to prevent chlorine and/or organic breakthrough, or excess bacteria counts.
- Figure 2 shows a single carbon filter CF-1 (9).
- the device can contain a plurality of carbon filters in serial communication with each other, such that the carbon filter effluent water from one carbon filter then passes through a next carbon filter, and so on.
- the carbon filter effluent water is passed through a 1 micron nominally rated cartridge filter (reverse osmosis prefilter) F-2 (10) in order to remove fine particles prior to the Reverse Osmosis pump P-1 (18).
- a pressure gauge PI-2 (12) is supplied after the reverse osmosis prefilter F-2 (10).
- the filter elements of the reverse osmosis prefilter F-2 (10) should be changed out when the pressure drop on pressure gauge PI-2 (12) is 10-15 psig over and above the clean pressure drop for most effective operation and efficiency.
- the filter elements of the reverse osmosis prefilter F-2 (10) are made of polypropylene which is unable to support the growth of bacteria.
- the micron prefilter F-l (8) should be changed.
- treated water (la) flows into the Reverse Osmosis (RO) system (15) where the majority of the ionized solids, organics, bacteria, colloidal materials, particles, and other contaminants remaining in the water are removed.
- RO Reverse Osmosis
- the RO (15) uses a semi-permeable membrane (22) which allows water to pass through while rejecting from about 90 to about 99% of nearly all contaminants present in the incoming water supply.
- the RO membrane (22) is the finest filter in the entire water purification system.
- the RO (15) preferably removes 99% of the feed water particles, colloids, bacteria, endotoxins, and organics within a range of greater than 200-300 molecular weight. It also removes 90 to 99% dissolved inorganic compounds.
- the extremely fine pores of the RO system (15) require the use of a high pressure pump P-1 (18) in order to efficiently process waster.
- RO systems (15) are typically operated at pressures between about 150 and 400 psi.
- RO (15) is a tangential flow process where the feed stream (la) splits into treated water (called permeate or product water) (23) and waste water (called retentate, reject or concentrate) (24). Contaminants present in the feed stream (la) are removed from water that passes through the membrane (22) and concentrate in the water that remains behind (24). It is important to maintain adequate flow in the "concentrate” steam (24) to prevent contaminants from depositing on the membranes (22). This is called concentration polarization.
- the RO system (15) has a manually variable recovery rate (the amount of feed water that is converted into product water) which utilizes a needle valve (19).
- the system may also incorporate a concentrate recycling valve V-5 (36) to recycle water back to the beginning of the RO system (15).
- the concentrate recycling valve V-5 (36) is important since it minimizes water consumption while ensuring that there is adequate flow in the concentrate stream (24) to prevent membrane (22) fouling.
- the RO (15) can be operated on warm or cold water supplies. As the water temperature is reduced, the amount of product water produced is also reduced due to increases in water viscosity and the shrinkage of pores associated with temperature changes.
- waste water (24) is recirculated (24a) back to the beginning of the RO (15).
- the recirculated water (24a) passes by flow meter Fl-3 (38) and through check valve CV-2 (39).
- the recirculated water (24a) is then reintroduced into the treated water (la) after check valve CV-1 (17) and before Reverse Osmosis pump P-1 (18).
- valve V-5 (36) is open and valve V-6 (37) is closed, the waster water (24) is not recirculated. Rather, after passing pressure gauge PI-4 (35), the waste water (24) is released to the drain (34).
- the RO membranes (22) may require periodic cleaning and should be cleaned if the product water flow-rate falls to 10% below normal (with temperature and pressure conditions the same).
- the RO system (15) is furnished with various instruments and controls to permit monitoring of its operation and performance. • Low pressure switch PSL-1 (16) to protect the pump P-1 (18) from low water pressure conditions.
- Pressure gauges PI-3 (20) and PI-4 (35) to permit monitoring of the membrane feed (la) and concentrate (24a).
- the RO system (15) employs a pressure relief valve PR V-1 (30) to prevent the unintentional back over pressurization of the RO membranes (22) which could damage the RO membranes (22).
- PR V-1 pressure relief valve
- the RO system (15) employs check valves CV-1 (17), CV-2 (30) and CV-3 (41) to prevent the unintentional over pressurization of the RO membranes (22) which could damage the RO membranes (22).
- the unit is designed to oxidize organics, converting them into weak acids and facilitating TOC control.
- the unit also produces conventional 254 nm wavelength radiation which is effective in bacteria control.
- the weak acids along with destroyed microorganisms are removed by subsequent downstream treatment processes.
- Inlet and outlet sample valves (not shown) are furnished for monitoring purposes.
- the TOC reducing UV sterilizer UV-1 (42) is intended to operate only when water (23) is being pumped through it.
- the operation of the unit is therefore interlocked with the operation of the DI recirculation pump P-2 (43) and RO pump P-1 (18). Also, before the water (23) reaches UV sterilizer UV-1 (42), it is measured by flow meter FI-4 (49) and pressure gauge PI-5 (48).
- the water After treatment in UV-1 (42), the water is pumped through mixed bed deionization MB-1 (44) and MB-2 (45) comprised of mixed anion and cation ion exchange resins in order to provide essentially deionized or ultra high purity water.
- the high resistivity of the water in the system (>17.0 MegOhm) indicates the desired level of purity. This can be monitored by continuous resistivity readout CE-2A (53) present in the control panel (60).
- This bypass is used, for example, when the water system is chemically sanitized.
- valve V-7 (50) placed before tank MB-1 (44) and valve V-9 (52) placed after tank MB-2 (45) would close, and valve V-8 (51) would open, thus allowing the bypass.
- the mixed bed tanks MB-1 (44) and MB-2 (45) are portable, low TOC type one mixed bed ion exchange type media which requires changing when the resistivity begins to fall below the normal operating quality for the system.
- Water is passed through a final filter F3 (46) membrane filtration step using absolute rated membrane filters in order to remove any bacterial and fine particle contamination.
- this filter is a 0.2 or 0.1 micron filter.
- Pressure gauges PI-5 (47) and PI-6 (48) monitor the pressure drop across this filter as well as the previous Mixed Beds (44 and 45). The cartridges should be changed out when the pressure drop is 1-15 psig for most effective operation and efficiency.
- a sampling valve SV-4 (55) is located after the filter housing to permit sampling of the water prior to distribution.
- the quality of water being supplied to the Point of Use (59) is monitored by a conductivity gauge CE-2B (54) for resistivity.
- the water is diverted (23a) via Quality Rinse (56) to drain (58) if the resistivity is below 17 MegOhms.
- the water (23a) which passes to the drain (58) is measured by flow meter FI-5 (57). If resistivity is at or above 17 MegOhms, and preferably 18 MegOhms or higher, the water is delivered to the Point of Distribution (59).
- a DI recirculation pump P-2 When the unit is operating or in "stand-by mode", a DI recirculation pump P-2 (43) will continuously circulate water through the post treatment or high purity section of the system, (the UV (42), mixed bed DI (44 and 45) and final filter (46)).
- the pump's (43) wettable surfaces are of materials compatible with the intended high purity water service. This recirculation is useful for microbial control.
- Filtered water may be passed through a cation ion exchange resins in the Sodium form for hardness removal and to provide a "boundary layer" effect to assist in keeping colloidal particles in suspension.
- the softener may also be employed for iron removal and the reduction of alum or polyelectrolyte in the feed water.
- the system may be equipped with an Ozone generation system to permit the unit to also provide Steam in Place (SIP) and Clean in Place (CIP) services.
- SIP Steam in Place
- CIP Clean in Place
- control panel (60) is shown in Figures 4a -4c.
- the main fuse disconnect switch (72) controls the supply of power to the entire control panel and must be turned off in order to open up the panel cover to view the inner components.
- the system main power light (61) will indicate when the control system circuitry (120 VAC and 24VDC) is activated. This circuit is protected by a fuse.
- PLC Programmable Logic Controller
- PLC Programmable Logic Controller
- the operation and sequencing of all components in the system are controlled by a programmable logic controller (PLC).
- PLC contains relay functions, time delays, counters, etc. required for the smooth operation of the entire water system.
- the PLC operates with a program that details the exact content of the system operating logic and control sequences.
- the PLC has a battery backup, which holds the contents of the program in memory for a period of up to 5 years.
- the main control panel (60) of the system provides the controls required for the system to operate automatically with a series of status lights, alarms, and manual switches to also permit the user to manually control the system.
- a simplified schematic of the system is mounted to the front of the control panel. This laminated schematic contains all the switches, pushbuttons, and status lights required for the operator to know and easily understand the exact operating condition of the system at all times.
- One main electrical power feed (70) is required to operate the panel and the system as a whole.
- the reverse osmosis system indicating light (61) and associated pushbutton (64) indicates the operational status of the reverse osmosis system (15). Depressing and releasing the push button (64) once turns the unit on. Depressing and releasing the pushbutton (64) against turns the unit off. When the pushbutton (64) for this is illuminated, the unit is in automatic and ready to go. When the pushbutton (64) light is off (out), the unit will remain off. When the unit is on, the operation of the RO system (15) is controlled by the PLC. When the RO system (15) is operating, sufficient pressure must exist at the inlet to the high pressure RO pump P-1 (18) or the unit will automatically shut off and go into a low pressure alarm (61). This alarm (61) requires the operator to acknowledge the condition by depressing and releasing the alarm reset pushbutton (61). This alarm (61) requires operator intervention to reset the unit and get it running again.
- a motor starter is used to activate the RO system pump P-1 (18).
- a motor starter consists of a contactor and an overload.
- the contactor portion is a coil that is activated by a signal from the PLC. When the PLC pulls in the coil, power is sent to the pump P-1 (18). Prior to reaching the pump P-1 (18), power passes through the overload portion of the motor starter.
- the overload acts as a re-settable circuit breaker which continuously monitors the current draw of the pump P-1 (18) when it is operating. As the pump P-1 (18) wears and ages, or during low voltage conditions such as brown outs, the pump P-1 (18) may begin to draw more current. The overload will trip out and stop the pump P-1 (18) from operating if it is drawing more current than the overload setting.
- a signal is sent to the PLC indicating that either the pump P-1 (18) is running or the overload has been tripped.
- the overload When the overload is tripped, it must be reset manually by opening the control panel and pressing the reset button on the overload.
- a red alarm light indicating "pump tripped” is illuminated when a pump overload has tripped on excess current draw. When this occurs, the pump P-1 (18) may require servicing.
- a motor starter is used to activate the DI pump P-2 (43).
- a motor starter consists of a contactor and an overload.
- the contactor portion is a coil that is activated by a signal from the PLC.
- PLC pulls in the coil
- power is sent to the pump P-2 (43).
- the overload acts as a re-settable circuit breaker which continuously monitors the current draw of the pump P-2 (43) when it is operating. As the pump P-2 (43) wears and ages, or during low voltage conditions such as brown outs, the pump P-2 (43) may begin to draw more current. The overload will trip out and stop the pump P-2 (43) from operating if it is drawing more current than the overload setting.
- a signal is sent to the PLC indicating that either the pump P-2 (43) is running or the overload has been tripped.
- the overload When the overload is tripped, it must be reset manually by opening the control panel and pressing the reset button on the overload.
- a red alarm light indicating "pump tripped” is illuminated when a pump overload has tripped on excess current draw. When this occurs, the pump P-2 (43) may require servicing.
- the TOC reducing UV unit running light and associated pushbutton switch (65) will allow the operator to control the operating mode of the TOC reducing UV unit UV-1 (42). Depressing and releasing the pushbutton (65) once turns the unit UV-1 (42) on. Depressing and releasing the pushbutton (65) again turns the unit UV-1 (42) off. When the pushbutton (65) for this is illuminated, the unit UV-1 (42) is in automatic and ready to go. When the pushbutton (65) light is off (out), the unit UV-1 (42) will remain off. When the TOC reducing UV unit UV-1 (42) is turned on, it will run only when the DI pump P-2 (43) is operating or the RO pump P-1 (18) is operating and water is flowing through the unit.
- the resistivity monitors (62, 63) are panel mounted and will indicate the specific resistance of the RO product water (62) and the product water in recirculation and the product water supplied to the point of use (63).
- the control panel is furnished with a number of protective devices and alarms to alert operators that the system requires servicing of some sort. Each alarm condition will light an appropriate specific alarm indicator light, the general alarm light (67), and close a set of dry "General Alarm" contacts for remote indication in the event that any of these alarm conditions occur.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US39631502P | 2002-07-17 | 2002-07-17 | |
US396315P | 2002-07-17 | ||
PCT/US2003/021734 WO2004009495A2 (en) | 2002-07-17 | 2003-07-14 | Portable compact ultra high purity water system via direct processing from city feed water |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1545751A2 EP1545751A2 (en) | 2005-06-29 |
EP1545751A4 true EP1545751A4 (en) | 2005-10-12 |
Family
ID=30770913
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP03765539A Withdrawn EP1545751A4 (en) | 2002-07-17 | 2003-07-14 | Portable compact ultra high purity water system via direct processing from city feed water |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1545751A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003256495A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2492799A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004009495A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITMI20101812A1 (en) * | 2010-10-04 | 2012-04-05 | Erre Due S N C Di Renzo Ricca E C | DEVICE FOR WATER TREATMENT, PARTICULARLY FOR DOMESTIC USE. |
FR2979339A1 (en) * | 2011-08-23 | 2013-03-01 | Michel Duflos | Domestic water purifier comprises by-pass circuit parallel to surge tank in which by-pass circuit aspires and drives back water for operation, where by-pass circuit directly recycles water that is not filtered through membrane of osmosis |
AT14729U1 (en) | 2014-10-16 | 2016-04-15 | Deltacore Gmbh | Transportable device for multi-stage cleaning of water |
CN106542685A (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-03-29 | 深圳恒通源环保科技有限公司 | Water treatment system |
ES2735298A1 (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2019-12-17 | Novedades Agricolas S A | COMPACT PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION EQUIPMENT OF PHYTOSANITARY WASTE (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4176057A (en) * | 1977-06-24 | 1979-11-27 | El Paso Environmental Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for recovering liquid and solid constituents of water solutions containing sparingly soluble solids |
US4990260A (en) * | 1988-01-28 | 1991-02-05 | The Water Group, Inc. | Method and apparatus for removing oxidizable contaminants in water to achieve high purity water for industrial use |
US6110375A (en) * | 1994-01-11 | 2000-08-29 | Millipore Corporation | Process for purifying water |
US5925255A (en) * | 1997-03-01 | 1999-07-20 | Mukhopadhyay; Debasish | Method and apparatus for high efficiency reverse osmosis operation |
US6267891B1 (en) * | 1997-03-03 | 2001-07-31 | Zenon Environmental Inc. | High purity water production using ion exchange |
-
2003
- 2003-07-14 AU AU2003256495A patent/AU2003256495A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-14 WO PCT/US2003/021734 patent/WO2004009495A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-07-14 CA CA002492799A patent/CA2492799A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-14 EP EP03765539A patent/EP1545751A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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No further relevant documents disclosed * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2492799A1 (en) | 2004-01-29 |
EP1545751A2 (en) | 2005-06-29 |
AU2003256495A1 (en) | 2004-02-09 |
WO2004009495A2 (en) | 2004-01-29 |
AU2003256495A8 (en) | 2004-02-09 |
WO2004009495A3 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
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