EP1538702A1 - Radiating aperture waveguide feed antenna - Google Patents

Radiating aperture waveguide feed antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1538702A1
EP1538702A1 EP04105546A EP04105546A EP1538702A1 EP 1538702 A1 EP1538702 A1 EP 1538702A1 EP 04105546 A EP04105546 A EP 04105546A EP 04105546 A EP04105546 A EP 04105546A EP 1538702 A1 EP1538702 A1 EP 1538702A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waveguide
rod
section
antenna according
planes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04105546A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Philippe Minard
Ali Louzir
Philippe Chambelin
Jean-François PINTOS
Original Assignee
Thomson Licensing SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson Licensing SAS filed Critical Thomson Licensing SAS
Publication of EP1538702A1 publication Critical patent/EP1538702A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/24—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave constituted by a dielectric or ferromagnetic rod or pipe
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/06—Waveguide mouths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/08—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for modifying the radiation pattern of a radiating horn in which it is located

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radiating aperture waveguide feed antenna. This type of feed can be combined with a parabolic reflector.
  • antennas with reflectors in particular parabolic, with a feed and a focusing point
  • Reflector antennas are normally concave dishes, the surface of which corresponds to an axisymmetric portion of a parabola.
  • the space requirement of circular reflectors is normally large. From a commercial point of view, the use of a reflector with an elliptical aperture may be more attractive than a reflector with a circular aperture, in particular when the feed is offset relative to the focusing point of the reflector. In practice, the space requirement of a reflector with an elliptical aperture is visually more compact than that of a reflector with a circular aperture. Moreover, for multi-satellite reception using a single parabola, it is more advantageous, in particular for minimizing the losses and distortions associated with defocusing, to use an elliptical aperture reflector.
  • the apertures of the radiation pattern of the primary feed should be 28° for the lighting in the vertical plane (minor axis of the ellipse) and 45° for the lighting in the horizontal plane (major axis of the ellipse) for an illumination level at the edges of the reflector of -12 dB.
  • the result is a horn with a diameter of 40 mm, or a patch array with a diameter of 45-50 mm. From this dimensioning, if two independent feeds are used with an angular separation between satellites of 4°, the focal centres must be approximately 34 mm apart, which cannot be considered given the dimensions.
  • the invention provides a solution to the problem described above by proposing a primary feed which provides an asymmetrical illumination compatible with an elliptical reflector and having a small space requirement.
  • the invention uses a short rod to modify the radiation of an open waveguide section.
  • the invention is an antenna comprising a radiating feed made up of a waveguide with a section having at least two planes of symmetry perpendicular to each other, each plane extending in the axis of propagation of the waves, one end of the waveguide forming a radiating aperture.
  • the end forming the radiating aperture is fitted with a rod made of dielectric material, said rod being partly inserted into the waveguide and filling the section of the waveguide over a defined length.
  • the rod is extended beyond the waveguide over a length less than twice the guided wavelength and the section of the rod develops outside the waveguide differently in each of the planes.
  • the development of the section of the rod outside the waveguide can be linear but in a different direction in each of the two planes. In one of the planes, the rod can become larger and in the other plane the rod can become smaller.
  • the waveguide can be of square, rectangular or circular section.
  • the end of the rod located outside the waveguide has a section with a shape different from the section of the waveguide.
  • the waves that circulate in the waveguide can be polarized waves.
  • the polarized waves are of linear polarization perpendicular to the axis of propagation of the waves and in two different directions, each direction is included in one of the two planes, and the shape of the rod outside the waveguide is symmetrical in relation to each of the two planes.
  • the principle applied by the invention consists in modifying the radiation of a simple waveguide using a short dielectric rod. Since the radiation of a waveguide is imposed, for a given frequency, by the cross section of the waveguide, it cannot be adapted to light an elliptical reflector.
  • the short rod modifies the distribution of the field in the aperture formed by the waveguide fitted with the rod. The resulting radiation pattern is modified without the rod acting as a travelling wave feed.
  • the fields are distributed in the equivalent aperture in such a way as to obtain a radiation pattern suited to illuminating an elliptical area.
  • Figures 1 to 4 show an exemplary embodiment of a feed according to the invention from different views.
  • the feed comprises a waveguide 1, typically of square section, one end of which forms a radiating aperture.
  • the waveguide is dimensioned according to a known technique to obtain a guided length roughly equal to the average wavelength to be received or sent which is, for example, 12 GHz, the section of the waveguide then being 21 mm ⁇ 21 mm.
  • a dielectric rod is placed in the radiating aperture.
  • the rod is made of a dielectric material with low losses and a relative permittivity greater than 1.
  • This material can be a plastic such as, for example, polystyrene, polypropylene or any other compound dielectric material normally made up of a light plastic material base, filled with a ceramic type high permittivity material, used to control the value of the relative permittivity of the resulting rod.
  • a plastic such as, for example, polystyrene, polypropylene or any other compound dielectric material normally made up of a light plastic material base, filled with a ceramic type high permittivity material, used to control the value of the relative permittivity of the resulting rod.
  • the rod comprises three parts, 2 to 4.
  • a first part 2 provides impedance matching to pass from the empty waveguide to the dielectric material with losses minimized.
  • the first part 2 is dimensioned according to known rules of wave propagation in a waveguide by changing the propagation medium.
  • the first part 2 is normally made up of a conical trunk, the section of which corresponds to the section of the waveguide 1.
  • a second part 3 matches the shape of the waveguide 1.
  • the second part 3 is used to hold the rod in position at the end of the waveguide 1, the length of this second part 3 securing the rod mechanically.
  • the third part 4 is used to collimate the radiation of the radiation aperture of the waveguide 1.
  • the third part 4 develops differently in each of the two planes passing on the one hand through the axis of propagation and on the other hand through each of the axes of symmetry of the illuminated ellipse.
  • the invention lies mainly in the third part 4 of the rod which determines the radiation pattern of the feed.
  • the length L of this third part 4 forms an impedance matching length between the section of the waveguide and a radiating surface 5.
  • the radiating surface 5 is calculated according to a known method of calculating an equivalent radiation aperture.
  • the radiating apertures can have widely varying shapes, but to simplify the calculations, it is possible to choose a rectangular radiating surface which provides a quasi-elliptical radiation pattern.
  • the length L is determined to obtain an impedance matching optimized for a minimum length, according to a known technique. To simplify the production of the rod, an optimized linear impedance matching is used, which develops differently in each of the two planes.
  • Figure 5 shows the radiation pattern obtained by simulation for this dimensioning.
  • the vertical scale represents the gain and the horizontal scale represents the aperture angle relative to the centre of the beam.
  • the curve 10 shows the radiation pattern in the plane corresponding to the major axis of the ellipse which is defined by the width dimension B of the radiating surface 5.
  • the curve 11 shows the radiation pattern in the plane corresponding to the minor axis of the ellipse which is defined by the width dimension a of the radiating surface 5.
  • 48° and 37° are obtained. Given the required radiation pattern, such a result can be highly appropriate. However, if a pattern closer to the required pattern is desired, it is still possible to adjust the dimensions a and b of the radiating surface 5 and to make use of successive simulations to optimize these dimensions.
  • the length L can be roughly the same as the guided wavelength. This length L can even be less than the wavelength if the differences between the section of the waveguide 1 and the radiating surface 5 allow it. It is also possible to have a shorter length if an exponential matching profile is used instead of a linear one, but this adds somewhat to the complexity for production.
  • the preferred example can be used equally well with non-polarized waves and with polarized waves.
  • waves with a linear polarization it is essential to check that the phase differences introduced by the dielectric rod are the same for the two orthogonal polarization directions. This condition is easily satisfied because all that is needed is a symmetrical rod in the longitudinal planes containing the direction of propagation of the waves and the polarization directions.
  • the polarizer In the case of a circular polarization of the waves, the polarizer must be dimensioned taking into account the external shape of the rod.
  • the first impedance matching part is no longer conical but acts as a polarizer by introducing a phase difference between two mutually perpendicular components of the electrical field to generate the circular polarization. Any depolarizations generated by the external part of the rod must also be compensated by the polarizer.
  • the preferred example shows that the rod becomes larger on one side and smaller on the other side. It is, however, possible for the radiating surface to be such that the rod becomes larger or smaller simultaneously at both ends.
  • the preferred example uses a square section waveguide.
  • any waveguide profile for example circular or rectangular, can be used provided that the waveguide accepts two symmetrical planes perpendicular to each other.
  • One interest of the invention is to obtain a radiating surface of a shape different from the section of the waveguide and this independently of the section of the waveguide.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
EP04105546A 2003-12-05 2004-11-05 Radiating aperture waveguide feed antenna Withdrawn EP1538702A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0314311A FR2863408A1 (fr) 2003-12-05 2003-12-05 Antenne source en guide d'onde a ouverture rayonnante
FR0314311 2003-12-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1538702A1 true EP1538702A1 (en) 2005-06-08

Family

ID=34451730

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04105546A Withdrawn EP1538702A1 (en) 2003-12-05 2004-11-05 Radiating aperture waveguide feed antenna

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1538702A1 (ko)
JP (1) JP2005184806A (ko)
KR (1) KR20050054856A (ko)
CN (1) CN1624977A (ko)
FR (1) FR2863408A1 (ko)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016053395A1 (en) * 2014-08-29 2016-04-07 Raytheon Company Directive artificial magnetic conductor (amc) dielectric wedge waveguide antenna
EP3618189A1 (fr) * 2018-08-28 2020-03-04 ArianeGroup SAS Antenne pour un satellite spatial

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101599578B (zh) * 2009-06-04 2012-05-23 南京大学 一种线源定向辐射增强装置
US8698700B2 (en) * 2009-10-22 2014-04-15 Tyco Electronics Services Gmbh Metamaterial antenna with mechanical connection
US10763583B2 (en) * 2016-05-10 2020-09-01 Kymeta Corporation Method to assemble aperture segments of a cylindrical feed antenna
KR102438369B1 (ko) * 2020-12-04 2022-08-31 성균관대학교산학협력단 근거리장 측정을 위한 도파관

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2577158A (en) * 1948-05-13 1951-12-04 Rca Corp Dielectric wave guide closure
EP1076379A2 (en) * 1999-08-13 2001-02-14 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Primary radiator in which the total length of dielectric feeder is reduced

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2577158A (en) * 1948-05-13 1951-12-04 Rca Corp Dielectric wave guide closure
EP1076379A2 (en) * 1999-08-13 2001-02-14 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Primary radiator in which the total length of dielectric feeder is reduced

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ANDO T ET AL: "Rectangular dielectric-rod fed by metallic waveguide", IEE PROCEEDINGS: MICROWAVES, ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, IEE, STEVENAGE, HERTS, GB, vol. 149, no. 2, 12 April 2002 (2002-04-12), pages 92 - 97, XP006018383, ISSN: 1350-2417 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016053395A1 (en) * 2014-08-29 2016-04-07 Raytheon Company Directive artificial magnetic conductor (amc) dielectric wedge waveguide antenna
US10297919B2 (en) 2014-08-29 2019-05-21 Raytheon Company Directive artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) dielectric wedge waveguide antenna
EP3886253A1 (en) * 2014-08-29 2021-09-29 Raytheon Company Directive artificial magnetic conductor (amc) dielectric wedge waveguide antenna
EP3618189A1 (fr) * 2018-08-28 2020-03-04 ArianeGroup SAS Antenne pour un satellite spatial
FR3085552A1 (fr) * 2018-08-28 2020-03-06 Arianegroup Sas Antenne pour un satellite spatial

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2863408A1 (fr) 2005-06-10
JP2005184806A (ja) 2005-07-07
KR20050054856A (ko) 2005-06-10
CN1624977A (zh) 2005-06-08

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