EP1538302A1 - Method of filling void spaces outside a machine produced tunnel wall - Google Patents

Method of filling void spaces outside a machine produced tunnel wall Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1538302A1
EP1538302A1 EP04028102A EP04028102A EP1538302A1 EP 1538302 A1 EP1538302 A1 EP 1538302A1 EP 04028102 A EP04028102 A EP 04028102A EP 04028102 A EP04028102 A EP 04028102A EP 1538302 A1 EP1538302 A1 EP 1538302A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
soil
tunnel
working face
filling
pressing
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Granted
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EP04028102A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1538302B1 (en
Inventor
Gereon Behnen
Hans-Walter Gross
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Dywidag Bau GmbH
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Walter Bau AG
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Publication of EP1538302A1 publication Critical patent/EP1538302A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
    • E21D9/13—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms using hydraulic or pneumatic conveying means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for filling or pressing cavities outside the light tunnel tube of a tunnel driven in shield tunneling or Stollens, in particular the annular gap between the tunnel lining and the upcoming ground.
  • the grout is pumpable and with targeted pressurization and volume control can be introduced.
  • An adequate distribution of grout within of the cavity must be ensured by a sufficient fluidity. If the grout is provided with binders, their hardening time be adjusted so that it on the one hand at short interruptions of the Verpressvorgangs not prematurely hardened within the delivery lines, on the other hand but the statically required bedding of the tubbing rings when leaving the Shield tail guaranteed as quickly as possible.
  • both mortar mixtures as well binder-free blends is common that they are made up in the main components Sand or gravel sand to ensure the required grain structure, made of water and from lower admixtures of bentonite or fly ash as a filler for Improvement of processability exist.
  • the compression takes place at Vorreteen in loose soils usually by the Schildschwanz, whereby usually approximately four to eight distributed over the circumference of the injection nozzles are arranged over Piston pumps are charged.
  • Grout is delivered either as ready-mixed mortar or on-site from the mixed ingredients.
  • the promotion of the recycled Grouting mortar from the tunnel mouth to the injection site in the tunnel is usually carried out via lore operation, then via pumping lines.
  • the invention is based on the object, a possibility show how these problems are minimized or largely avoided can.
  • the invention is based on the finding that in the known methods the Annular gap filling both process and material independent of Soil degradation and soil extraction takes place. In contrast, the invention proposes to link these two processes together. This happens procedurally such that a part of the just degraded soil or soil-liquid mixture branched off from the delivery line immediately behind the face, if required, prepared directly in the tunnel, but in any case immediately to Annular gap crimping is reused, d. H. the material leaves between Dismantling and compression of the tunnel tube not.
  • the invention is based on the Basic principle that the material to be built into the annular gap no better To exhibit mechanical properties needs as the upcoming surrounding Soil, otherwise this would be relevant for bedding and subsidence behavior.
  • the invention has the significant advantage that degraded by using the Soil or soil mixture as grout under direct removal from the Delivery line no separately to be transported and Wegschahrender into the tunnel Grout is needed more. This reduces that Traffic and noise pollution of the environment, which is particularly at inner-city highly stressed construction sites. Since no storage space for the Verpressmörtel more necessary, also reduces the space requirement for the Site equipment. Finally, the site logistics simplified because Mortar transports through the tunnel are eliminated.
  • Grout can be made in place if and when actually needed for pressing. A hardening and disposing of too much or due to standstill not required mortar deleted.
  • Figs. 1 to 3 is shown schematically as in a mountain formation 1 means a shield machine 2 a tunnel tube 3 is ascended.
  • the shield machine 2 includes in a known manner a cylindrical shield shell 4.
  • the degradation of the at Working face 5 pending soil is carried by a drill head 6; the excavation chamber 7 is usually completed by a bulkhead 8.
  • the tunnel lining consisting of here Segmental rings 10 made of reinforced concrete or steel, installed; the ancestor of the Shield machine 2 behind the shield tail 9 resulting annular gap 11 is how presented at the beginning, pressed by a suitable backfill material 12.
  • the invention can be used in tunneling or tunneling in slurry mode, d. H. a propulsion with liquid-supported face, to be explained, the especially in cohesive soils such.
  • a propulsion with liquid-supported face to be explained, the especially in cohesive soils such.
  • the Working face via a feed line 15 a supporting liquid, usually a bentonite-water suspension, fed.
  • the support fluid mixed with the through the drill head 6 mined soil;
  • This bentonite-soil-water mixture is over a the bulkhead 8 passing through the outlet opening 16 and taken over a Delivery line 17 through the tunnel tube 3 through to a arranged over days Separator 18 pumped.
  • the soil material of the Support liquid separated, which then pumped back to the working face 5 can be.
  • a part of the delivery line 17 via a branch valve 19 now branched off from the working face bentonite soil-water mixture diverted and optionally after passing through a small Separierstrom 20 and a small processing plant 21 as a grouting material by a slurry pump 22 in a Verpress Gustav 23 pressed, from which it is arranged by the shield tail 9 Pressing nozzles 24 exits into the annular gap 11.
  • a Coarse separation for example screening of unwanted grain fractions
  • Such plants are in the Nachorganizedr Scheme known.
  • the water contained in the bentonite soil-water mixture is in compression harmless, as long as ensured by the pressure application during pressing is that it is pressed through the pores of the pending soil material can be, d. H. that there is a grain-to-grain contact of the built-in Soil material and thus a sufficient compaction according to the density of the surrounding soil. This is usually at rolly or given mixed-grained soils.
  • the addition of a binder for solidification is then not required.
  • the bentonite contained in the soil mixture on the pumpability necessary measure to reduce the separated bentonite again To be able to convey the face support. This bentonite separation can be found in the described small processing plant 20, 21 done easily in the tunnel.
  • a Branching device 28 for example, a flap, arranged to turn a Supply part of the soil material of a small processing plant 29. From there is the optionally treated material by means of a slurry pump 30 in a Pressed pressing line 31, from which it again directly to the injection nozzles 24th enters the shield tail 9 and exits into the annular gap 11.
  • Binding soils are often driven in EPB mode, where the degraded Soil already at the working face with a conditioning agent, for example a Foam, is processed and therefore has no additional Bentonitanteile.
  • This soil is also suitable for direct repressurization, provided that it is in a pumpable and compressible state by the addition of flow agents is brought.
  • the inventive method is basically also for drives with open Working face suitable; as can be done here, can be explained with reference to FIG become.
  • a conveyor 35 for example, a conveyor belt, promoted, wherein in the region of a transition station to a secondary conveyor belt 36th again a branching device 37, for example a flap, is provided, branched off by means of which a part of the funded soil material and a Screen 38, optionally also a treatment plant 39 are supplied can.
  • a branching device 37 for example a flap
  • the processed material is again on a slurry pump 40 in a Pressing line 41 pressed through which it to the injection nozzles 24 at the end of the Shield tail 9 passes. If necessary, via a line 42 water be supplied.

Abstract

Process for filling or pressing hollow chambers outside light tunnel tubes or a tunnel comprises using dissolved ground material or a ground mixture produced during degradation. Preferred Features: The ground material or a ground mixture is prepared within the tunnel tubes for the purpose of filling or pressing.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verfüllen oder Verpressen von Hohlräumen außerhalb der lichten Tunnelröhre eines im Schildvortrieb aufgefahrenen Tunnels oder Stollens, insbesondere des Ringspalts zwischen der Tunnelauskleidung und dem anstehenden Boden.The invention relates to a method for filling or pressing cavities outside the light tunnel tube of a tunnel driven in shield tunneling or Stollens, in particular the annular gap between the tunnel lining and the upcoming ground.

Im maschinellen Tunnelbau mit Schildvortriebsmaschinen (Tunnelbohrmaschinen) und Ausbau aus Tübbingen entsteht systembedingt hinter der Schildschwanzdichtung beim Vorfahren des Schildes am Umfang des Schildmantels ein Ringspalt zwischen Gebirge und Außenfläche der Tunnelauskleidung, der in der Regel eine Dicke von 10 bis 15 cm, in Ausnahmefällen bis ca. 30 cm aufweist. Dieser Ringspalt wird üblicherweise durch einen Verpressmörtel, meist druckbeaufschlagt, verfüllt. Dabei werden vorrangig folgende Ziele bzw. Aufgaben verfolgt:

  • Bettung der Tübbingringe;
  • weitgehende Erhaltung des Spannungszustands des Bodens und Minimierung von Setzungen der Geländeoberfläche und damit von Bauwerken;
  • gelegentlich zusätzliche Wirkung als Dicht- oder Isoliermittel zur Reduzierung des Wasserandrangs zur Tunnelauskleidung hin oder Abschirmung der Tunnelauskleidung gegenüber aggressiven Stoffen.
In mechanical tunneling with shield tunneling machines (tunnel boring machines) and removal from Tübbingen arises due to the system behind the shield tail seal when ancestor of the shield on the circumference of the shield shell an annular gap between the mountains and outer surface of the tunnel lining, which is usually a thickness of 10 to 15 cm, in exceptional cases up to approx 30 cm. This annular gap is usually filled by a grouting mortar, usually pressurized. The main objectives and tasks are as follows:
  • Bedding of the tubbing rings;
  • extensive preservation of the state of tension of the soil and minimization of subsidence of the terrain surface and thus of buildings;
  • occasionally additional effect as a sealant or insulating agent to reduce the water flow to the tunnel lining or shielding the tunnel lining against aggressive substances.

Aus verfahrenstechnischen Gründen ist es erforderlich, dass der Verpressmörtel pumpfähig ist und mit gezielter Druckbeaufschlagung sowie Volumenkontrolle eingebracht werden kann. Eine ausreichende Verteilung des Verpressmörtels innerhalb des Hohlraums muss über ein ausreichendes Fließvermögen gewährleistet werden. Sofern der Verpressmörtel mit Bindemitteln versehen ist, muss deren Erhärtungszeit derart eingestellt werden, dass er einerseits bei kurzzeitigen Unterbrechungen des Verpressvorgangs nicht vorzeitig innerhalb der Förderleitungen erhärtet, andererseits aber die statisch erforderliche Bettung der Tübbingringe bei Verlassen des Schildschwanzes möglichst schnell gewährleistet.For procedural reasons, it is necessary that the grout is pumpable and with targeted pressurization and volume control can be introduced. An adequate distribution of grout within of the cavity must be ensured by a sufficient fluidity. If the grout is provided with binders, their hardening time be adjusted so that it on the one hand at short interruptions of the Verpressvorgangs not prematurely hardened within the delivery lines, on the other hand but the statically required bedding of the tubbing rings when leaving the Shield tail guaranteed as quickly as possible.

Allen solchen Mischungen, und zwar sowohl Mörtelmischungen als auch bindemittelfreien Mischungen ist gemeinsam, dass sie in den Hauptbestandteilen aus Sand oder Kiessand zur Gewährleistung des geforderten Kornaufbaus, aus Wasser sowie aus geringeren Zumischungen von Bentonit bzw. Flugasche als Füllmittel zur Verbesserung der Verarbeitbarkeit bestehen. Die Verpressung selbst erfolgt bei Vortrieben in Lockerböden üblicherweise durch den Schildschwanz, wobei meist etwa vier bis acht über den Umfang verteilte Verpressdüsen angeordnet sind, die über Kolbenpumpen beschickt werden.All such mixtures, both mortar mixtures as well binder-free blends is common that they are made up in the main components Sand or gravel sand to ensure the required grain structure, made of water and from lower admixtures of bentonite or fly ash as a filler for Improvement of processability exist. The compression takes place at Vortrieben in loose soils usually by the Schildschwanz, whereby usually approximately four to eight distributed over the circumference of the injection nozzles are arranged over Piston pumps are charged.

Verpressmörtel wird entweder als Fertigmörtel angeliefert oder bauseitig aus den angelieferten Bestandteilen gemischt. Die Förderung des aufbereiteten Verpressmörtels vom Tunnelmund bis zum Verpressort im Tunnel erfolgt üblicherweise über Lorenbetrieb, anschließend über Pumpleitungen.Grout is delivered either as ready-mixed mortar or on-site from the mixed ingredients. The promotion of the recycled Grouting mortar from the tunnel mouth to the injection site in the tunnel is usually carried out via lore operation, then via pumping lines.

Die Materialtransporte für die Ringspaltverpressung sind oft mit logistischen und umweltschutztechnischen Problemen belastet. So bereitet der Antransport der Mengen von Verpressmörtel, die bei einer Tunnelröhre 75 m3/Tag, bei zwei parallel aufzufahrenden Röhren doppelt so viel betragen können, zunehmend Probleme in der Umgebung der Baustelle. Dies gilt insbesondere in dicht besiedelten Innenstadtbereichen, wie sie immer wieder bei U-Bahn-Baustellen und innerstädtischen Straßentunnels auftreten. So sind Materialtransporte tagsüber wegen der hiermit verbundenen unerwünschten Erhöhung des Verkehrsaufkommens durch Lkw-Transporte problematisch, während der Nachtzeiten aus Lärmschutzgründen zum Schutz der Anwohner vielfach unzulässig. In der Tunnelröhre ist die Baustellenlogistik auf die Verpressvolumina auszulegen; Schwierigkeiten beim Mörtelnachschub führen unweigerlich zu einem kostenintensiven Stillstand der Vortriebsmaschine.The material transports for the annular gap compression are often burdened with logistical and environmental protection problems. Thus, the transport of the quantities of grouting mortar, which can be twice as large in a tunnel tube 75 m 3 / day, with two parallel aufzufahrenden tubes, so much, in the vicinity of the construction site. This is especially true in densely populated inner city areas, as they repeatedly occur at subway construction sites and inner-city road tunnels. Thus, material transport during the day because of the associated undesirable increase in traffic by truck transport problematic during the night for noise protection reasons to protect the local residents often inadmissible. The construction site logistics in the tunnel tube must be designed for the injection volumes; Difficulties in mortar replenishment inevitably lead to a costly shutdown of the tunneling machine.

Vor diesem Hintergrund liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Möglichkeit aufzuzeigen, durch die diese Probleme minimiert bzw. weitgehend vermieden werden können.Against this background, the invention is based on the object, a possibility show how these problems are minimized or largely avoided can.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch das im Patentanspruch 1 angegebene Verfahren gelöst.According to the invention this object is specified by the in claim 1 Procedure solved.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Advantageous developments emerge from the subclaims.

Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass bei den bekannten Verfahren die Ringspaltverfüllung sowohl verfahrens- als auch materialtechnisch unabhängig von Bodenabbau und Bodenförderung erfolgt. Demgegenüber schlägt die Erfindung vor, diese beiden Vorgänge miteinander zu koppeln. Dies geschieht verfahrensmäßig derart, dass ein Teil des soeben abgebauten Bodens bzw. Boden-Flüssigkeits-Gemischs unmittelbar hinter der Ortsbrust aus der Förderleitung abgezweigt, falls erforderlich, unmittelbar im Tunnel aufbereitet, auf jeden Fall aber sofort zur Ringspaltverpressung wieder verwendet wird, d. h. das Material verlässt zwischen Abbau und Verpressung die Tunnelröhre nicht. Die Erfindung basiert auf dem Grundprinzip, dass das in den Ringspalt einzubauende Material keine besseren mechanischen Eigenschaften aufzuweisen braucht als der anstehende umgebende Boden, da ansonsten dieser maßgeblich wäre für Bettungs- und Setzungsverhalten.The invention is based on the finding that in the known methods the Annular gap filling both process and material independent of Soil degradation and soil extraction takes place. In contrast, the invention proposes to link these two processes together. This happens procedurally such that a part of the just degraded soil or soil-liquid mixture branched off from the delivery line immediately behind the face, if required, prepared directly in the tunnel, but in any case immediately to Annular gap crimping is reused, d. H. the material leaves between Dismantling and compression of the tunnel tube not. The invention is based on the Basic principle that the material to be built into the annular gap no better To exhibit mechanical properties needs as the upcoming surrounding Soil, otherwise this would be relevant for bedding and subsidence behavior.

Die Erfindung hat den wesentlichen Vorteil, dass durch Verwendung des abgebauten Bodens bzw. Bodengemischs als Verpressmaterial unter direkter Entnahme aus der Förderleitung kein gesondert anzutransportierender und in den Tunnel einzufahrender Verpressmörtel mehr benötigt wird. Hierdurch reduzieren sich das Verkehrsaufkommen und die Lärmbelastung der Umwelt, was sich insbesondere bei innerstädtischen hochbelasteten Baustellen auswirkt. Da keine Lagerflächen für den Verpressmörtel mehr erforderlich sind, reduziert sich auch der Flächenbedarf für die Baustelleneinrichtung. Schließlich vereinfacht sich die Baustellenlogistik, da Mörteltransporte durch den Tunnel entfallen.The invention has the significant advantage that degraded by using the Soil or soil mixture as grout under direct removal from the Delivery line no separately to be transported and eingeschahrender into the tunnel Grout is needed more. This reduces that Traffic and noise pollution of the environment, which is particularly at inner-city highly stressed construction sites. Since no storage space for the Verpressmörtel more necessary, also reduces the space requirement for the Site equipment. Finally, the site logistics simplified because Mortar transports through the tunnel are eliminated.

Unmittelbare Folge dieser Vorteile ist eine Erhöhung der Betriebssicherheit, da der Vortriebsbetrieb nicht mehr durch logistische Probleme im Mörteltransport behindert oder unterbrochen werden kann. Da das Verpressmaterial als Boden bzw. Bodengemisch vorhanden ist und nicht gesondert beschafft zu werden braucht, ergeben sich auch Kostenersparnisse. Schließlich reduziert sich das Volumen des aus dem Tunnel abzufördernden Materials durch Abzweigung eines Teils des gelösten Bodens, der unter Tage verbleibt.Immediate consequence of these advantages is an increase of the operational safety, since the Jacking operation is no longer hampered by logistical problems in mortar transport or can be interrupted. Since the grout material as soil or Soil mixture is present and does not need to be procured separately, There are also cost savings. Finally, the volume of the reduced the material to be removed from the tunnel by branching off part of the dissolved material Soil that remains underground.

Ein weiterer betriebstechnisch nicht zu unterschätzender Vorteil ist, dass der Verpressmörtel an Ort und Stelle genau dann hergestellt werden kann, wenn er tatsächlich zur Verpressung gebraucht wird. Ein Erhärten und Entsorgen von zu viel oder wegen Stillstand nicht benötigtem Mörtel entfällt.Another operationally not to be underestimated advantage is that the Grout can be made in place if and when actually needed for pressing. A hardening and disposing of too much or due to standstill not required mortar deleted.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigt

Fig. 1
einen Längsschnitt durch einen Schildvortrieb im Slurry-Betrieb,
Fig. 2
einen Längsschnitt durch einen Schildvortrieb im EPB-Betrieb und
Fig. 3
einen Längsschnitt durch einen Schildvortrieb mit offener Ortsbrust.
The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing. It shows
Fig. 1
a longitudinal section through a shield tunneling in slurry mode,
Fig. 2
a longitudinal section through a shield tunneling in EPB operation and
Fig. 3
a longitudinal section through a shield tunneling with open working face.

In den Fig. 1 bis 3 ist schematisch dargestellt, wie in einer Gebirgsformation 1 mittels einer Schildmaschine 2 eine Tunnelröhre 3 aufgefahren wird. Die Schildmaschine 2 umfasst in bekannter Weise einen zylindrischen Schildmantel 4. Der Abbau des an der Ortsbrust 5 anstehenden Bodens erfolgt durch einen Bohrkopf 6; die Abbaukammer 7 wird in der Regel durch eine Schottwand 8 abgeschlossen.In Figs. 1 to 3 is shown schematically as in a mountain formation 1 means a shield machine 2 a tunnel tube 3 is ascended. The shield machine 2 includes in a known manner a cylindrical shield shell 4. The degradation of the at Working face 5 pending soil is carried by a drill head 6; the excavation chamber 7 is usually completed by a bulkhead 8.

Im Schutz des Schildschwanzes 9 wird die Tunnelauskleidung, hier bestehend aus Tübbingringen 10 aus Stahlbeton oder Stahl, eingebaut; der beim Vorfahren der Schildmaschine 2 hinter dem Schildschwanz 9 entstehende Ringspalt 11 wird, wie eingangs dargestellt, durch ein geeignetes Verfüllmaterial 12 verpresst.In the protection of the shield tail 9, the tunnel lining, consisting of here Segmental rings 10 made of reinforced concrete or steel, installed; the ancestor of the Shield machine 2 behind the shield tail 9 resulting annular gap 11 is how presented at the beginning, pressed by a suitable backfill material 12.

Anhand Fig. 1 kann die Erfindung bei einem Tunnel- oder Stollenvortrieb im Slurry-Modus, d. h. einem Vortrieb mit flüssigkeitsgestützter Ortsbrust, erläutert werden, der vor allem bei bindigen Böden wie z. B. Tonen, angewandt wird. In diesem Fall wird der Ortsbrust über eine Speiseleitung 15 eine Stützflüssigkeit, meist eine Bentonit-Wasser-Suspension, zugeführt. Dort vermischt sich die Stützflüssigkeit mit dem durch den Bohrkopf 6 abgebauten Boden; dieses Bentonit-Boden-Wasser-Gemisch wird über eine die Schottwand 8 durchsetzende Austrittsöffnung 16 entnommen und über eine Förderleitung 17 durch die Tunnelröhre 3 hindurch zu einer über Tage angeordneten Separieranlage 18 gepumpt. In der Separieranlage 18 wird das Bodenmaterial von der Stützflüssigkeit getrennt, die anschließend wieder zur Ortsbrust 5 zurückgepumpt werden kann.1, the invention can be used in tunneling or tunneling in slurry mode, d. H. a propulsion with liquid-supported face, to be explained, the especially in cohesive soils such. As toning is applied. In this case, the Working face via a feed line 15 a supporting liquid, usually a bentonite-water suspension, fed. There, the support fluid mixed with the through the drill head 6 mined soil; This bentonite-soil-water mixture is over a the bulkhead 8 passing through the outlet opening 16 and taken over a Delivery line 17 through the tunnel tube 3 through to a arranged over days Separator 18 pumped. In the Separieranlage 18, the soil material of the Support liquid separated, which then pumped back to the working face 5 can be.

Erfindungsgemäß wird nun von der Förderleitung 17 über ein Abzweigventil 19 ein Teil des von der Ortsbrust abgeförderten Bentonit-Boden-Wasser-Gemischs abgezweigt und gegebenenfalls nach Passieren einer kleinen Separieranlage 20 sowie einer kleinen Aufbereitungsanlage 21 als Verpressmaterial durch eine Dickstoffpumpe 22 in eine Verpressleitung 23 gepresst, aus der es durch am Schildschwanz 9 angeordnete Verpressdüsen 24 in den Ringspalt 11 austritt. In der Separieranlage 20 kann eine Grobseparierung, zum Beispiel Aussieben unerwünschter Kornfraktionen, in der Aufbereitungsanlage 21 eine gezielte Zumischung von weiteren Bestandteilen, zum Beispiel Zement, erfolgen. Sofern erforderlich, kann auch ein Zwischenbehälter zur Volumenpufferung angeordnet werden. Solche Anlagen sind im Nachläuferbereich bekannt.According to the invention, a part of the delivery line 17 via a branch valve 19 now branched off from the working face bentonite soil-water mixture diverted and optionally after passing through a small Separieranlage 20 and a small processing plant 21 as a grouting material by a slurry pump 22 in a Verpressleitung 23 pressed, from which it is arranged by the shield tail 9 Pressing nozzles 24 exits into the annular gap 11. In the Separieranlage 20 can a Coarse separation, for example screening of unwanted grain fractions, in the Processing plant 21 a targeted admixture of other ingredients, for Example cement, done. If necessary, can also be an intermediate container for Volume buffering can be arranged. Such plants are in the Nachläuferbereich known.

Das in dem Bentonit-Boden-Wasser-Gemisch enthaltene Wasser ist beim Verpressen unschädlich, solange durch die Druckaufbringung bei der Verpressung sichergestellt ist, dass es durch die Porenräume des anstehenden Bodenmaterials hindurchgepresst werden kann, d. h. dass es zu einem Korn-zu-Korn-Kontakt des eingebauten Bodenmaterials und somit einer ausreichenden Verdichtung entsprechend der Dichte des umgebenden Bodens kommt. Dies ist in der Regel bei rolligen oder gemischtkörnigen Böden gegeben. Die Zugabe eines Bindemittels zur Verfestigung ist dann nicht erforderlich. Aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen wird man allerdings bemüht sein, den in dem Bodengemisch enthaltenen Bentonit auf das zur Pumpfähigkeit notwendige Maß zu reduzieren, um den ausseparierten Bentonit erneut der Ortsbruststützung zuleiten zu können. Diese Bentonitseparierung kann in der beschriebenen kleinen Aufbereitungsanlage 20, 21 im Tunnel problemlos erfolgen.The water contained in the bentonite soil-water mixture is in compression harmless, as long as ensured by the pressure application during pressing is that it is pressed through the pores of the pending soil material can be, d. H. that there is a grain-to-grain contact of the built-in Soil material and thus a sufficient compaction according to the density of the surrounding soil. This is usually at rolly or given mixed-grained soils. The addition of a binder for solidification is then not required. For economic reasons, however, efforts are made be, the bentonite contained in the soil mixture on the pumpability necessary measure to reduce the separated bentonite again To be able to convey the face support. This bentonite separation can be found in the described small processing plant 20, 21 done easily in the tunnel.

Werden bindige Böden im Slurry-Modus aufgefahren, so kann eine unzureichende Separierung dazu führen, dass keine optimale Verdichtung des in den Ringspalt verfüllten Materials erreicht wird, da das Wasser-Bentonit-Gemisch nicht ausreichend schnell aus der Kornstruktur des Bodens verdrängt werden kann. Dem kann durch eine entsprechende Aufbereitung des Bodens oder durch zusätzliche grobkörnige Beimischungen begegnet werden.If cohesive soils are driven up in slurry mode, then an inadequate Separation cause no optimal compaction of the in the annular gap filled material is achieved because the water-bentonite mixture is insufficient can be quickly displaced from the grain structure of the soil. That can through a corresponding treatment of the soil or by additional coarse-grained Admixtures are encountered.

Wie beim Auffahren bindiger oder bindig-feinsandiger Böden im EPB-Modus ("earthpressure-balance") verfahren werden kann, kann anhand Fig. 2 erläutert werden. Hier dient der an der Ortsbrust 5 abgebaute und mit dem Grundwasser vermischte "Bodenbrei" als Stützmedium für die Ortsbrust; oft werden auch Schäume aus Kunststoffen zur Konditionierung zugegeben. Hier wird der an der Ortsbrust 5 gelöste Boden aus der Abbaukammer 7 heraus mittels einer geeigneten Fördereinrichtung 25, zum Beispiel einer Förderschnecke, in das Tunnelinnere gefördert, um dort einer weiteren Fördereinrichtung 26, zum Beispiel einem Förderband, übergeben zu werden. Bevor das Bodenmaterial am Ende der Fördereinrichtung 26 einem weiteren Förderband 27 zur Förderung aus dem Tunnel heraus übergeben wird, ist eine Abzweigvorrichtung 28, zum Beispiel eine Klappe, angeordnet, um wiederum einen Teil des Bodenmaterials einer kleinen Aufbereitungsanlage 29 zuzuführen. Von dort wird das gegebenenfalls aufbereitete Material mittels einer Dickstoffpumpe 30 in eine Verpressleitung 31 gepresst, aus der es wieder unmittelbar zu den Verpressdüsen 24 am Schildschwanz 9 gelangt und in den Ringspalt 11 austritt.As when driving up cohesive or fine-grained soils in EPB mode ("earthpressure-balance") can be moved, can be explained with reference to FIG. 2. Here serves the mined at the working face 5 and mixed with the groundwater "Bodenbrei" as a support medium for the working face; often foams are also made Plastics added for conditioning. Here is the solved at the working face 5 Soil from the excavation chamber 7 out by means of a suitable conveyor 25, For example, a screw conveyor, promoted in the interior of the tunnel to there a further conveyor 26, for example a conveyor belt, to be passed. Before the soil material at the end of the conveyor 26 another Conveyor belt 27 is passed out to the promotion out of the tunnel, is a Branching device 28, for example, a flap, arranged to turn a Supply part of the soil material of a small processing plant 29. From there is the optionally treated material by means of a slurry pump 30 in a Pressed pressing line 31, from which it again directly to the injection nozzles 24th enters the shield tail 9 and exits into the annular gap 11.

Bindige Böden werden häufig im EPB-Modus aufgefahren, bei dem der abgebaute Boden bereits an der Ortsbrust mit einem Konditionierungsmittel, zum Beispiel einem Schaum, aufbereitet wird und somit über keine zusätzlichen Bentonitanteile verfügt. Auch dieser Boden ist grundsätzlich für eine direkte Wiederverpressung geeignet, sofern er mittels Zugabe von Fließmitteln in einen pump- und verpressfähigen Zustand gebracht wird.Binding soils are often driven in EPB mode, where the degraded Soil already at the working face with a conditioning agent, for example a Foam, is processed and therefore has no additional Bentonitanteile. This soil is also suitable for direct repressurization, provided that it is in a pumpable and compressible state by the addition of flow agents is brought.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist grundsätzlich auch für Vortriebe mit offener Ortsbrust geeignet; wie hier vorgegangen werden kann, kann anhand Fig. 3 erläutert werden.The inventive method is basically also for drives with open Working face suitable; as can be done here, can be explained with reference to FIG become.

Auch hier wird das an der Ortsbrust 5 abgebaute Material aus der Abbaukammer 7 heraus mittels einer Fördereinrichtung 35, zum Beispiel eines Förderbandes, gefördert, wobei im Bereich einer Übergangsstation zu einem weiterführenden Förderband 36 wiederum eine Abzweigeinrichtung 37, zum Beispiel eine Klappe, vorgesehen ist, mittels deren ein Teil des geförderten Bodenmaterials abgezweigt und einer Siebanlage 38, gegebenenfalls auch einer Aufbereitungsanlage 39 zugeführt werden kann. Um das abgebaute Bodenmaterial pumpfähig zu machen, müssen gegebenenfalls zu grobkörnige Fraktionen ausgesiebt und/oder Fließmittel zugegeben werden.Again, the degraded at the working face 5 material from the excavation chamber. 7 out by means of a conveyor 35, for example, a conveyor belt, promoted, wherein in the region of a transition station to a secondary conveyor belt 36th again a branching device 37, for example a flap, is provided, branched off by means of which a part of the funded soil material and a Screen 38, optionally also a treatment plant 39 are supplied can. To make the excavated soil pumpable, must optionally sieved to coarse fractions and / or flow agents added become.

Das aufbereitete Material wird wieder über eine Dickstoffpumpe 40 in eine Verpressleitung 41 gepresst, durch die es zu den Verpressdüsen 24 am Ende des Schildschwanzes 9 gelangt. Falls erforderlich, kann über eine Leitung 42 Wasser zugeführt werden.The processed material is again on a slurry pump 40 in a Pressing line 41 pressed through which it to the injection nozzles 24 at the end of the Shield tail 9 passes. If necessary, via a line 42 water be supplied.

Zusammenfassend kann festgestellt werden, dass das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren für rollige oder gemischtkörnige Böden (Kiese, Sande, gegebenenfalls mit bindigen Beimengungen) vorteilhaft anzuwenden ist. Das abgeförderte Bodengemisch kann in praktisch unveränderter Form zur Verpressung verwendet werden; eine Aufbereitung wird nicht aus technischen, sondern allenfalls aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen sinnvoll sein. Bei bindigen Böden ist dagegen in aller Regel eine den Anforderungen an die Ringspaltverpressung anzupassende Aufbereitung vorzunehmen. In summary, it can be stated that the method according to the invention for rolly or mixed-grained soils (gravels, sands, possibly with cohesive soil) Admixtures) is advantageous to apply. The conveyed soil mixture can in practically unchanged form used for pressing; a preparation is not useful for technical, but at best for economic reasons be. In cohesive soils, however, is usually one of the requirements of the Annulation to be adapted to annular gap compression.

Durch gezielte Zumischung von Zement oder anderen Bindemitteln zu dem abgezweigten, soeben abgebauten Bodengemisch kann ein "Bodenbeton" erzeugt werden, dem eine dichtende oder isolierende, je sogar eine statisch-tragende Funktion zugewiesen werden kann. Es ist somit nach der Erfindung möglich, eine Art "Extrudierbeton" als Tunnelsicherung im Tunnel herzustellen. Dabei stellen der anstehende Boden den Zuschlag und das vorhandene Grundwasser das Anmachwasser dar.By targeted admixture of cement or other binders to the branched, just degraded soil mixture can create a "concrete floor" which is a sealing or insulating, even a static-carrying function can be assigned. It is thus possible according to the invention, a kind Produce "extruded concrete" as tunnel protection in the tunnel. Here are the pending soil the supplement and the existing groundwater the mixing water represents.

Claims (5)

Verfahren zum Verfüllen oder Verpressen von Hohlräumen außerhalb der lichten Tunnelröhre eines im Schildvortrieb aufgefahrenen Tunnels oder Stollens, insbesondere des Ringspalts zwischen der Tunnelauskleidung und dem anstehenden Boden,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zum Verfüllen oder Verpressen der Hohlräume das anstehende und an der Ortsbrust gelöste Bodenmaterial bzw. das beim Abbau entstandene Bodengemisch verwendet wird.Method for filling or pressing cavities outside the clear tunnel tube of a tunnel or tunnel driven in shield tunneling, in particular the annular gap between the tunnel lining and the adjacent floor,
characterized in that for filling or pressing the cavities, the pending and dissolved at the working face soil material or the soil mixture resulting from the degradation is used. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass von dem an der Ortsbrust gelösten Bodenmaterial bzw. dem beim Abbau entstandenen Bodengemisch innerhalb der Tunnelröhre ein Teil abgezweigt und unmittelbar, d. h. ohne die Tunnelröhre zu verlassen, zum Verfüllen oder Verpressen der Hohlräume verwendet wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that diverted from the ground material dissolved at the working face or the soil mixture formed during the degradation within the tunnel tube and directly, ie without leaving the tunnel tube, is used for filling or pressing the cavities. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das an der Ortsbrust gelöste Bodenmaterial bzw. das beim Abbau entstandene Bodengemisch innerhalb der Tunnelröhre für die Zwecke des Verfüllens oder Verpressens aufbereitet wird.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the soil material dissolved at the working face or the soil mixture resulting from the degradation within the tunnel tube for the purposes of filling or pressing is processed. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aus dem an der Ortsbrust gelösten Bodenmaterial bzw. dem beim Abbau entstandenen Bodengemisch das Sicherungselement, vornehmlich der Ausbau der aufgefahrenen Tunnelröhre hergestellt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that from the ground material dissolved at the working face or the soil mixture resulting from the degradation, the securing element, primarily the expansion of the ascended tunnel tube, is produced. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das an der Ortsbrust gelöste Bodenmaterial bzw. das beim Abbau entstandene Bodengemisch als Dicht- oder Isolierelement für die lichte Tunnelröhre verwendet wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the soil material dissolved at the working face or the soil mixture resulting from the degradation is used as a sealing or insulating element for the light tunnel tube.
EP04028102A 2003-12-04 2004-11-26 Method of filling void spaces outside a machine produced tunnel wall Not-in-force EP1538302B1 (en)

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DE10356584A DE10356584A1 (en) 2003-12-04 2003-12-04 Method for filling cavities outside the clear tunnel tube of a mechanically excavated tunnel
DE10356584 2003-12-04

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EP3276125A1 (en) * 2016-07-27 2018-01-31 Hydac International GmbH Lubrication system
WO2021098444A1 (en) * 2019-11-22 2021-05-27 中铁隧道局集团有限公司 Technique for controlling tunneling parameters of shielded tunneling machine for rocky region at shielded tunneling launch point

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DE102005011266A1 (en) * 2004-12-27 2006-07-06 Wesser Kies Und Sand Gmbh Fillable material from a temporary self-hardening mixture including stone grains and/or excavated material useful as a filler for canals and drains has added density lowering flow improving foam
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EP3276125A1 (en) * 2016-07-27 2018-01-31 Hydac International GmbH Lubrication system
WO2021098444A1 (en) * 2019-11-22 2021-05-27 中铁隧道局集团有限公司 Technique for controlling tunneling parameters of shielded tunneling machine for rocky region at shielded tunneling launch point

Also Published As

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ATE466166T1 (en) 2010-05-15
DE10356584A1 (en) 2005-06-30
EP1538302B1 (en) 2010-04-28
DE502004011093D1 (en) 2010-06-10

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