EP1528976B1 - Packaging, blank therefor and method for the production thereof - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a package for a liquid and / or a bulk material, which is formed from flat packaging material, which has fold lines and a force applied to a wall panel of the packaging mark. Furthermore, the invention relates to a blank for the production of such a package and a method for producing a package, which is created from a moving web. An apparatus for carrying out the method is characterized by special reading devices.

Packaging of the type mentioned are widely known and are often used for packaging liquid foods, such as milk or juices, which may also contain pieces of fruit pulp. There are known packages, their blanks and also their manufacturing processes, in which a web of packaging material is moved through various processing stations and gets fold lines, which are used for forming the web and forming the packaging. Before, during or after molding, the packaging being formed is filled and sealed.

It is also known to print markings on packages and photoelectrically read to control means in the manufacture of the package. The known marking consists of a register or bar code and is printed with tolerances of ± 1 mm. One wants to control printing works by reading this bar code, so that they print a decoration in register in different colors on the surface of the packaging. It has been found, however, that a print is often mis-positioned and may have an offset with respect to the web of the packaging material. In addition, by environmental influences, the webs of the bar code and in particular their transition from black to white change, with the result that there are reading and control errors. Thus, it has been found that in composite material with paper as a carrier temperature and humidity effects significantly. Already in the paper mill during the processing of the raw material, a stretching of the web can result. In the paper mill, the paper is optionally coated (plastic, aluminum foil, etc.), provided with fold lines and usually also with cut lines. The web material is often supplied on rolls and leaves the paper mill after processing also on roles, possibly even single roles. Frequently, the filling machine is arranged separately from the paper mill and receives the individual roles, from which filled and sealed packaging are produced. In the filling machine also influences by temperature, humidity, etc. can occur. Such changes in the paper mill, between paper mill and filling machine or in the filling machine to be detected and used to control the web so that not only a decor, possibly even multi-colored, can be printed correctly on the surface in the desired manner, but that the shaping and folding on the correct location, including laying cuts when separating the filled packages.

Although a printed mark is largely helpful, it is sometimes subject to the same errors as printing errors.

So is in the WO 03/037729 A1 while describing a package for a liquid in this post-release, it has an older priority. This older package is formed of flat packaging material having fold lines and a mark applied to a wall panel of the package formed by in-plane stamping lines from which at least two straight stamping lines intersect at least at their extension.

On the one hand, the older markings are at least partially formed by printing, wherein the mentioned stamping lines are pressed into a rectangular or square area with printed ink in a certain way, so that by contrast when printing a negative printed pattern results from the fact that the printing ink to create the Marking does not come on the imprinted and thus seen from the outer of the packaging lower lying line areas. However, the disadvantages described above when printing a marking are mentioned and will be explained in addition to individual embodiments.

In addition, the embossing lines are in the older packaging so-called compression lines, in which care is taken that the protruding from the later top of the package in the lower line portions protrusions of the press roll against a flat or average at least rectilinear counter pressure roller. This results in compression lines in the areas of the packaging material has a smaller thickness than in the other areas that were not compressed. Due to the uniform work surface of the counter-pressure roller or the counter-pressure tool, one expects lower costs for the tool. In addition, special compression lines are expected to reduce the risk of dilamination of the compressible packaging material.

One of the disadvantages of the negative print images proposed in the older method is that color is consumed continuously during printing. In addition, the negative print image can not be produced without the printing unit, so that the marking can only be used downstream of the printing unit.

The invention is based on the idea that the lines of a marking can not necessarily be formed only by printing, but according to the invention by embossing. The embossing of the material for making a package has essential properties for the quality of the package. When the embossing is in place, or information about the position of the embossing is passed to the processing machine, the package can be precisely formed, is inherently strong, firm and has a good footing Paperboard as carrier material there are packs with corner tabs, which must be put in the right place. With correct embossing, this also succeeds precisely and easily.

The invention thus addresses the idea of applying the mark instead of printing by embossing. Reading a printed mark is another source of error because many optical systems are known to be sensitive and pose sources of error. Printed markings also allow only measurement in a linear direction.

The French patent FR 1.413.614 discloses embossing patterns for stiffening a package from a flat packaging material.

The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a package, its blank and a method for its production, so that the production of the packaging is easier, cheaper and can be achieved with greater precision.

This object is achieved by a package according to claim 1, by a blank according to claim 7 and by a method according to claim 13.

The marking is planar in this embodiment, at least substantially as far as possible, as is possible with the known natural substances. You can emboss paper, cardboard, plastics and metal foils. The embossing of various line shapes is achieved by known tools, for example two counter-rotating rollers, one of which has raised parts and the opposite recessed parts. It has proved to be expedient according to the invention that the marking with the stamping lines has at least two straight stamping lines which either already intersect in the marking or intersect at least during their extension or mathematically (virtually). Such patterns allow quick and accurate reading of the mark and include important information either at the input side the relevant machine can be recorded and used for the further course of the material web; or which are detected and used on an upstream machine to control the web in a downstream machine accordingly. Thus, for example, information about the elongation of the material after embossing can be measured from the paper mill to the exit from the paper mill.

Although according to the invention has also been thought to use the folding lines required for folding and forming the package partially as a marker at the same time. However, the embodiment described above, in which a separate marking with separate stamping lines is applied to the material of the packaging, is preferred. While ink is consumed at a disadvantage with printing at a disadvantage, the marking can be created by embossing without comparable material consumption. The relevant surface of the packaging need not be provided in a wall of the field untouched or left white in the case of a mark created by embossing. Visually, you can not see at first glance the mark made by embossing. If necessary, it could even go into a décor.

It has proved to be particularly favorable according to the invention if the marking has at least one centrally symmetrical structure. Centrally symmetrical are all geometric structures that lie in one plane and cover each other after rotation through 180 ° in this plane around a fixed point. For example, each track is centrally symmetric to its center. Each line is centrally symmetrical to each point lying on it. Each ray is centrally symmetric to its counter-ray. Two intersecting lines are centrally symmetric to their vertex. Also vertex angles are centrally symmetrical structures. The rhombus or the rhombus and the rhomboid also result from this as a centrally symmetric structure. The invention takes advantage of the characteristics of the centrosymmetric structure for the mark, as it allows a variety of important information to be read from the mark, which are useful for the control of subsequent processing stations.

Thus, according to the invention, in a preferred embodiment, it is expedient for the marker to have an outer rectangular frame whose sides run parallel to the longitudinal fold lines of the package in the blank, and if a parallelogram is inscribed in this outer rectangle (the frame). More specifically, it is particularly advantageous according to the invention if, in the case of a rhombus as a parallelogram, its two diagonals in the blank of the package run parallel to the longitudinal and transverse fold lines of the package. In the case of the rhombus, the diagonals are perpendicular to each other. The diagonals halve the angles of the parallelogram. In the case of such a marking, a more precise positioning of the packaging material in the production of the packaging is achieved according to the invention.

• ein Quadrat ein gleichseitiges, rechtwinkliges Parallelogramm;
• ein Rechteck ein ungleichseitiges, rechtwinkliges Parallelogramm,
• ein Rhombus ein gleichseitiges, schiefwinkliges Parallelogramm und
• ein Rhomboid ein ungleichseitiges, schiefwinkliges Parallelogramm.
• Verwendet man ein solches Parallelogramm als zentralsymmetrisches Gebilde in der Markierung, dann beschreibt dieses Parallelogramm die Packungsart. Zum Beispiel beschreibt der Rhombus eine quadratische Packung, der Rhomboid eine rechteckige Packung.

As is known:

• a square is an equilateral, right-angled parallelogram;
• a rectangle a non-equilateral, right-angled parallelogram,
• a rhombus an equilateral, oblique parallelogram and
• a rhomboid is a non-equilateral oblique parallelogram.
• If such a parallelogram is used as a centrally symmetric structure in the marking, then this parallelogram describes the type of packing. For example, the rhombus describes a square pack, the rhomboid a rectangular pack.

If one cuts a parallelepipedic package perpendicular to its longitudinal central axis, generally along a horizontal plane, then the cross section of such a package is square or rectangular according to the section line. H-milk in Europe is currently usually packed in rectangular packaging, fresh milk in square packs. The rectangular package has two wide sidewall panels each and two narrow sidewall panels therebetween, opposite one another. The package diagonal is known to be an important factor in determining the volume of the package. From the width of the sidewall fields, the package diagonal e can be calculated. In the case of the square packing, both sidewall fields are the same width, for example have a width of B '. Then, $$\mathrm{Package\; diagonal\; e}=\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="B\text{'}x"\; filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0005.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B\text{'}x</figure-callout>}\sqrt{2}\mathrm{,}$$

For example, in the case of a rectangular package, the wide sidewall panel has the width B ', and the narrow sidewall panel has the width C'. In this case, the following applies to the package diagonal: $$e=\sqrt{{\mathit{B\; \text{'}}}^2+{\mathit{C\; \text{'}}}^2}$$

As is known, the repetition length of the package blank also plays an important role, i. the length in the direction of the blanks in the machine. If you have this repetition length on the one hand and the package diagonal e on the other, then you can infer back to the pack volume, which ultimately matters.

From the marking with the parallelogram inscribed in the manner described, for example rhomboid, values can be measured and read out which provide information about the shape and the correct volume of the packing. At at least one stationary sensor, the path of the pack blanks passes in such a way that the sensor beams have the opportunity to scan the mark and read out the relevant quantities. These are compared with previously read setpoints. If the difference is zero, then the packaging that is being formed has the correct angular position, the correct volume and the correct shaping.

Irrespective of the design of the mark in question, it has also been thought according to the invention to apply two separate markings at different points on the surface of the package. As a result, for example, different diameters of a tube can be measured and thereby the overlap seam can be adjusted. On the other hand, it is further known that three sides of the packaging are predetermined by the production. The third side, through which the longitudinal seam passes, depends on how precisely the operator sets the overlap (a too small or too large overlap creates a trapezoidal packaging). A second marking allows the position of the overlap to be precisely determined and adjusted automatically.

It is also advantageous if, according to the invention, a second, inner rectangle is further inscribed into the outer rectangle (frame) in such a way that two sides coincide with the sides of the outer rectangle parallel to the longitudinal fold lines of the package in the blank and the two on other sides so touch the connecting corners of the rhombus that the connecting corners bisect the sides. In the case of a cuboid packaging, the sides of the mark are not halved by the rhombus. A particular embodiment of packaging is that made from a web of material followed by a blank behind the other. In addition, each pack has a longitudinal central axis, to which in the blank two sides of the outer rectangular frame parallel. Portions of these two sides coincide with said two sides of the inscribed smaller rectangle. This smaller rectangle is wrapped around the rhombus so that all four sides of the smaller rectangle coincide with, or touch, the corners of the rhombus. The rhombus has thus been rewritten the smaller rectangle.

It is particularly advantageous if, according to the invention, the marking has a mathematical correlation to the packaging blank such that the distances between points on the marking describe the geometry of the fold lines. For example, the distances of the transverse sides of the large rectangle have the task of describing the so-called repetition length of the blank of the packaging, ie the length of the packaging material. The blank has longitudinal and transverse fold lines, which can also be created by embossing, for example. The repetition length or the length of the packing material is the length that can be measured between two successive markings in the conveying direction of the blanks in the production at the corresponding point, since each blank carries a marking. The said rectangle of the mark is thus encrypted a clear measure of this repetition length. The same applies to the height of the smaller, inscribed rectangle, which means, for example, the width of a narrow sidewall field. Likewise, one can read from other distances the entire transverse length of a blank across the longitudinal fold lines, the width of a wide wall field of the package or the diagonal of the blank. Furthermore, the position (rotation about the longitudinal and the transverse axis) of the packaging material can be determined.

The invention is further characterized in that the stamping lines project at least partially out of the surface of the wall panel and / or project deep into the surface of the wall panel. In the preferred, first embodiment, the stamping lines are raised from the surface of the wall panel. So you can feel it when you click on the wall box of the packaging as elevations. Of course, they can also be seen with suitable light and shade. In the same or a different marking or batch in the manufacture of other packages, it is expedient if one; Another embodiment, the embossing lines in the surface of the wall field are low-lying back, so to speak, negative embossed. It can be said that in the former embodiment, where they project outwardly, they are positively marked. The person skilled in the art knows that the height of the U, i. the embossing line, by which the latter protrudes from the wall field, depending on the paper thickness or thickness of another material protrudes from the wall field by a greater or lesser amount. The height of the embossment says something about the thickness of the material, about its thickness. Thus, according to the invention, a measurement in the Z direction is just as possible as the measurements which are also possible with other markings in the XY plane. It is understood that additional information can be introduced or read out of the marking by the positive embossing upward and / or the negative downward.

When using the new marking, in case of deviations, it is possible to change the stroke of the filling machine and adapt it to the actually existing stamping lines. Furthermore, the volume of the packaging is detectable. Furthermore, one can determine the position of the longitudinal sealing seam and make a correction in the course of the material web, if the angular adjustment of the direction should differ from the nominal value. It is also possible to sense the seam between two webs of material. Such a seam is always necessary when a feed roll is depleted with material and must be replaced by a new role. The end of the exhausted roll must then be glued or welded to the beginning of the new roll. Forming the entire package is achievable with greater precision, and the simplicity of the means clearly results in less expensive measurement and control. The production of packages of the type mentioned and also their blanks is thus significantly improved over the known solutions. If the repeat length is read out over several packages (between 5 and 15 packages), the frequency of the repeat length can be analyzed and read in as an additional parameter.

If, according to the method of the invention, the marking is made by introducing embossing lines in such a way that the cross section of the material is U-shaped after embossing and the thickness of the material remains essentially the same, a very advantageous signal possibility has been created. Detectors that scan the marking on different physical properties, seen in cross section, the embossing lines determined by the fact that the embossed line at the surface from which it protrudes raised, is convex; and concave on the opposite side. Therefore, one can accommodate additional information in an already quite simple marking, if appropriate, makes both positive and negative imprinting of the relevant field of the web.

It may be particularly advantageous that the embossing lines are introduced according to the invention already in the processing of the web in the paper mill. You can provide the stamping lines either together with the introduction of the fold lines for the formation of the packaging, simultaneously or afterwards. Since you have to provide fold lines anyway and this can create, for example, by embossing, jumps the simplicity of the method for creating a mark by embossing into the eye. In many embodiments, the printing unit is for applying a decoration in the downstream region of the machine. The marking with the aid of the stamping lines can then be introduced in advance in such a way that the information for the further processing of the material web or the subsequent blank can be observed and controlled via the marking.

The observation is carried out according to the invention in carrying out the manufacturing process of the pack with reading devices. Various physical principles are available here, and successful operational trials have already shown that one can mechanically sense, detect and register the embossed lines by a probe or optically or acoustically by a corresponding transducer. Particularly advantageous one has designed a version with acoustic transmitter. In this case, the material web is passed between an ultrasound transducer and a recording device arranged at a distance from it. The material web is thus penetrated by an ultrasonic beam and dampens it. This can be very quickly achieve very accurate results. It is also possible to measure reflected ultrasound beams on the surface of the material web. Such an ultrasonic measurement succeeds with or without optical measuring sensors. It can be seen that very advantageously previously known sources of error, which arise in particular in conjunction with optical measurements, can be eliminated.

In all measuring methods that send a beam onto the marking and exploit the influence of the marking for the measurement, it is expedient if the relevant beam (an optical, an acoustic, or also a mechanical trajectory) strikes all lines of the marking. Considering the embodiment with the above-described, described in the two rectangles rhombus, then succeeds the meeting of all lines of a marker with a beam in the particular limit case that the scanning beam is in the line of symmetry of the marker. This beam thus runs parallel to the longitudinal center line of the blank, parallel to the long side walls of the large rectangle and centrally through it so that it also passes through the connecting corners of the rhombus.

If one leaves this limiting case, it is expedient to use as a reading device according to the invention two sensors arranged at a distance from each other, be it mechanical sensors, optical or acoustic sensors. In their operation, the two sensor beams span a window which allows detection of the optimum amount of information from the tag.

In this way, it is very effective not only in the filling machine, but also in the case of the composite material with paper as a carrier material and production of packaging continuously from the tube in the paper mill create the marker, read and use to control the subsequent steps. For example, in the paper mill, the cutting process can be controlled, which was previously possible only after printing an additional marking. The angular orientation of the transported paper web can be measured. As with the filling machine can be detected in the paper mill, the seam between two roles, the empty, old, exhausted role and the new role.

So that the values measured and read out from the marking can be compared with predetermined desired values and finally the actual value is congruently set to the desired value, there is the abovementioned mathematical correlation between the marking on the one hand and the packaging blank on the other hand. Distances between points on the marking are measured, which are created or determined by cutting lines of the marking on the one hand and cutting sensor beams with certain lines of the marking on the other hand. The main value that is compared here (target and actual) is the value e of the package diagonals. For the mathematical correlation, it is important that each measure is multiplied by a factor that could be called the ratio factor, for example. Each measure is multiplied by such a factor Xi. In this way, one can bring the geometry of the packaging with the embossed mark in accordance. If the factor has been selected, a reduction of the actual cutting values is achieved. This has the advantage that the measurement, which indeed takes place at the mark, gets a greater accuracy, because by the miniaturized dimensions variances in the reading speed can be excluded. The measurement can be more accurate.

In the preferred embodiment, the sensors arranged stationarily at a distance from the marking scan the marking with at least one and preferably two sensor beams which run over the marking at a distance from one another and parallel to one another. Depending on the Pakkungsart (square or rectangular packing) the sensor is given, which lines are to be cut and recorded on the marking as measuring points.

Figur 1

perspektivisch und schematisiert eine Maschine zur Herstellung einer Verpackung aus dem Schlauch, der von einer teilweise kontinuierlich und teilweise intermittierend angetriebenen Bahn aus Verbundmaterial mit Papier als Trägermaterial hergestellt wird,

Figur 2

vergrößert eine spezielle Ausführungsform einer Flüssigkeitspackung vor dem Umfalten der Dreiecklappen mit zwei ortsfesten Sensoren,

Figur 3

die Draufsicht auf den Zuschnitt einer Verpackung, wobei die Linien der Doppelpfeile A und G die Laufrichtung der Zuschnitte bei der Herstellung der Verpackung wiedergeben und von dem zweiten, darüberliegenden Zuschnitt nur die Markierung gezeigt ist,

Figur 4

stark vergrößert die durch Prägen hergestellte Markierung, die sich zuerst auf der Materialbahn, dann auf dem Zuschnitt und schließlich auf der Verpackung befindet, und

Figur 5

schematisch den Rhombus im mittleren Teil der Markierung der Figur 4, wobei die Prägelinien als durchgehende Striche gezeigt sind.

Further advantages, features and applications of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In these show:

FIG. 1

perspective and schematic of a machine for producing a packaging from the tube, which is produced by a partially continuously and partially intermittently driven web of composite material with paper as a carrier material,

FIG. 2

1 enlarges a special embodiment of a liquid pack prior to folding over the triangular lobes with two fixed sensors,

FIG. 3

the top view of the blank of a package, the lines of the double arrows A and G represent the direction of the blanks in the manufacture of the packaging and of the second, overlying blank only the marker is shown

FIG. 4

greatly increases the marking produced by embossing, which is located first on the web, then on the blank and finally on the package, and

FIG. 5

schematically the rhombus in the middle part of the mark FIG. 4 with the stamping lines shown as solid dashes.

Without limiting importance is here placed on the production of liquid packaging for liquid food. In this case, the packaging with the generally designated 1 machine from the web 2 of packaging material, which has paper as a carrier material in the in FIG. 1 produced way. From a supply roll 3, the packaging material is pulled off in web form upwards and carries the generally designated 4 fold lines, of which one picked out for purposes of illustration, for example, the longitudinal fold lines 5 and the transverse fold lines 6 recognizes. After overflow of the pulley shown at the top in the machine 1, the web 2 moves in the conveying direction 7 of the web according to FIG. 1 downward. With the help of generally designated 8 longitudinal sealing device, the tube 9 is folded and provided with a downwardly wandering longitudinal sealing seam. This tube 9 is filled with product via the filling tube 10, for example milk or juice. At a distance from each other markings 11 are mounted on the outside of the tube 9, which can be read by means of a sensor 12 and processed in a processing and control unit 13. Appropriately, the arrangement of two sensors 12 with their leads 12 ', which are fixedly mounted on the machine and emit the sensor beams S1 and S2. In the downstream in the conveying direction 7, shown in the machine 1 below molding and transverse sealing unit 14 is essentially the final shaping of the filled packing and the transverse seal. Underneath you can see the filled and sealed packaging 15. After passing through a Endformungseinheit 16 then arises in FIG. 1 shown cuboid packing 17th

A so-called rectangular packing is in perspective in FIG. 2 shown. These are the enlarged packaging 15 shown with the transverse sealing seams 18 and 19 and the bottom wall panel 20 on which the generally designated 11 marker is embossed. Other substantially planar wall panels could serve as a support for the marker 11. The bottom wall panel 20 of the package 15 is particularly well visible and also arranged in a machine Sensors readily accessible, which is why this location is preferred for the embodiment described here.

The person skilled in the art knows that the in FIG. 1 or in FIG. 2 shown square pack 15 is made of blanks, because the expert knows the machine of FIG. 1 in principle. For simplicity and explanation, reference will be made here to a blank made in FIG. 3 is shown and also allows the creation of a cuboid pack in the manner described above. The web 2 is made of a series of adjacent blanks of the type FIG. 3 educated. Accordingly, one must look at the FIG. 3 Under and above the blank think more blanks, so that one recognizes the position of the material web. The conveying direction 7 of the web and thus also of the blank is parallel to the longitudinal fold lines 5 of the blank generally designated 21. Accordingly, transverse fold lines 6 arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal fold lines 5 can be seen, between which triangular fields 22 form. The bottom wall panel 20 is located at the blank 21 of FIG. 3 bottom right. There one recognizes the mark 11. With 11 'above the next mark of the next, not shown blank is indicated. The distance between the two markings 11 and 11 'is the so-called repetition length G, ie the total height of the blank 21. D corresponds to the position about the transverse and the longitudinal axis.

Between the two narrow side wall panels 23 and 23 'is, separated by two longitudinal fold lines 5, the wide side wall panel 24. Its width is in FIG. 3 with B specified. The width of the respective narrow side wall panel 23 or 23 'is in FIG. 3 with C specified. A is the total height of the cut from upper cross-section line to the lower cross-section line, it is also possible to name the repeat length, which may represent a set point. The measured perpendicular to the total width of the blank 21 is designated by the dashed line of the double arrow E. A closer explanation of the blank and its lines does not appear necessary here, because the skilled person knows for the various cartons and square packs, etc., the blank forms. The person skilled in the art will even recognize markings applied to one or the other wall panel of a blank, although not in the form shown here and certainly not in the form described here.

Shape and shape of the marker 11 will now be described FIG. 4 described. It is essential that the material processed according to the invention is an embossable packaging material. The marking 11 consists of the most diverse stamping lines 25. If the packaging material web is passed through a correspondingly designed embossing roller and counter-roller, then the packaging material bulges between the rollers to form the stamping lines 25. If one were to lay a cross-section through this, one would obtain per se known per se Way U shape. The thickness of the material remains substantially unchanged in front of and behind the stamping line and even inside the stamping line. Therefore, an embossing line always protrudes to one side of the material web.

According to the invention, it is assumed here that the outer side of the package is the upper side and, in a preferred embodiment, the stamping lines are positively embossed in the sense that the lines protrude from the bottom wall panel 20 of the packaging 15. With reference to FIG. 4 Thus, the embossed lines 25 oppose the viewing direction.

The marker 11 has a particularly selected shape in the embodiment shown here. At least two straight embossed lines 25, namely all embossed lines, intersect. It turns out that in FIG. 4 shown structure is centrally symmetric. The marking has an outer rectangular frame 26 with two long sides 27, 27 'which extend in the conveying direction 7 of the material web, and two short sides 28, 28' lying perpendicular thereto. The long sides 27, 27 'of the rectangular frame 26 extend in the flattened blank 21 according to FIG FIG. 3 parallel to the longitudinal fold lines 5. In this outer rectangle (the frame 26) an inner rectangle 29 is inscribed, the transverse sides 30, 30 'at a distance from the short sides 28, 28' of the outer frame 26 extend, and their longitudinal sides with the long Pages 27, 27 'of the frame 26 coincide. The outer rectangle, the frame 26, one bypasses when successively the lines 27, 28 ', 27' and finally leaves 28. The inner rectangle 29 is traversed when the following lines are descended, the middle part of the long side 27, the transverse side 30 ', the middle part of the other long side 27' and the transverse side 30.

Into the inner rectangle 29, a rhombus 31 is inscribed in such a way that its vertical diagonal 32 also runs parallel to the longitudinal fold lines 5 in the blank. The two transverse sides 30, 30 'of the inner rectangle 29 touch at their center the connecting corners 33L and 33N of the rhombus 31. The two transverse sides 30, 30' of the inner rectangle 29 touch the corners 33L and 33N of the rhombus 31 such that the connecting corners 33L and 33N intersect or touch the respective side 30, 30 'of the inner rectangle 29, respectively, so that in other words the center of the respective side 30, 30' is here. Therefore, the diagonal 32 of the rhombus 31 in extension is the symmetry line of the entire mark 11.

The middle part of the marker off FIG. 4 is enlarged and schematized in FIG. 5 shown again. The Rhombus 31 has four connecting corners K, 33L, M and 33N. The vertical diagonal 32 would be the connecting line between the corners 33L and 33N. The transverse sides 30 'and 30 extend through these two last-mentioned corners 33L and 33N. The sensor beam S1 of the first sensor shown extends perpendicularly to them. At a distance and parallel to this extends the second sensor beam S2 of the second, also fixedly mounted sensor 12 (in FIG. 5 Not shown.).

Looking at the cut of the FIG. 3 , then the nominal dimensions A, B, C and E are assumed as given. In addition, the rectangular type of packaging is selected. According to this type of packing, it is set at the sensor which one of the points on the mark 11, which he all are covered, to be grasped, in the example of the FIG. 5 and in the case of the so-called rectangular packing, the points P1 and P2 for the one sensor beam S1; and for the other sensor beam S2, the points P3 and P4.

$$\mathrm{Cʹ}=\mathrm{C}\times \mathrm{X}\mathrm{1}$$

$$\mathrm{Bʹ}=\mathrm{B}\times \mathrm{X}\mathrm{1.}$$

The distances A ', B', C 'sensed from the mark are correlated to the actual distances by a factor X1 or X2. It applies $$\mathrm{A\; \text{'}}=\mathrm{A}\times \mathrm{X}\mathrm{2}$$

$$\mathrm{C\; \text{'}}=\mathrm{C}\times \mathrm{X}\mathrm{1}$$

$$\mathrm{B\; \text{'}}=\mathrm{B}\times \mathrm{X}\mathrm{1.}$$

• Mit $\mathit{eʹ}=\sqrt{{\mathit{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="Bʹ"\; filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0005.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Bʹ</figure-callout>}}^2+{\mathit{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="Cʹ"\; filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0005.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Cʹ</figure-callout>}}^2}$
  
  für rechteckige Verpackungen.

The actual value D 'is also measured from the marking. It gives an indication of the position of the marking and thus of the blank in the machine, for example the angular position. Due to temperature or humidity influences as well as the operation of the machine, changes in the course of the material web can occur which have an effect on the position of the material web. D 'also gives an indication of the diagonal. This above-mentioned packing diagonal e is given and then compared with the calculated value e ', which results from the correlation of measured values:

• With $\mathit{e\; \text{'}}=\sqrt{{\mathit{B\; \text{'}}}^2+{\mathit{C\; \text{'}}}^2}$
  
  for rectangular packaging.

The value e is compared with the actual value e '. Ideally, the difference is zero.

für quadratische Verpackungen. $$\mathit{Dʹ}=\mathit{eʹx}\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$$

• E' = 4 x D' + Ü x X1, wobei Ü die Überlappung von im allgemeinen 8 mm ist. Diese Überlappung entsteht durch die Längssiegelnaht, weshalb sie im Zuschnitt der Figur 3 zu der Zuschnittsbreite E hinzu addiert werden muß.
• E = 4B + Ü, wenn B= C, d.h. die quadratische Packung.
• E = 2B + 2C + Ü, wenn B ≠C, wenn es sich um eine rechteckige Verpackung handelt.

For the calculation and thus the actual-target comparison help the other correlations with $\mathit{e\; \text{'}}=\mathit{B\text{'}x}\sqrt{2}$

for square packaging. $$\mathit{D\text{'}}=\mathit{ex}\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$$

• E '= 4 x D' + Ü x X1, where Ü is the overlap of generally 8 mm. This overlap is caused by the longitudinal sealing seam, which is why they are in the blank of the FIG. 3 must be added to the blank width E added.
• E = 4B + Ü, if B = C, ie the square packing.
• E = 2B + 2C + Ü, if B ≠ C, if the packaging is rectangular.

The person skilled in the art thus recognizes that the marking 11 described represents a mathematical correlation to the packaging blank 21. This makes it possible, the geometry of the fold lines 4 - 6 of the blank 21 according to FIG. 3 to describe or determine. By measuring the values shown from the mark 11, one can determine the actual values of a blank, for example the values A ', B', C 'and E', and then compare them with the desired values. It is understood that E 'is a calculated mathematical value, as stated above.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

machine

2

Web of packaging material

3

supply roll

4

fold lines

5

longitudinal folding lines

6

transverse fold

7

conveying direction

8th

Longitudinal sealing device

9

tube

10

filler pipe

11

mark

12

sensor

12 '

Supply and connection lines

13

Processing and control unit

14

Shaping and transverse sealing unit

15

packaging

16

Endformungseinheit

17

cuboid pack

18, 19

Transverse sealing seam

20

Bottom wall panel of the package 15

21

cut

22

triangle fields

23, 23 '

narrow sidewall field

24, 24 '

wide sidewall field

25

crease lines

26

outer rectangular frame

27, 27 '

long side of the frame 26

28, 28 '

short side of the frame 26

29

inner rectangles

30, 30 '

Transverse side of the inner rectangle 29

31

rhombus

32

vertical diagonal

33K, 33L, M, 33N

connecting corners

34

horizontal diagonal = largest diagonal of the rhombus 31

A

Repetition length (nominal value) of the blank 21

B

Width of the wide sidewall field (setpoint)

C

Width of the narrow side wall panel (nominal value)

D

Size for the correctness of the packaging measured from the marking

G

Repeat length (actual value)

e

Cut width (setpoint)

S1, S2

Sensorabtaststrahl

e

Diagonal (nominal dimension) of the packaging

A '

sensed repetition length (actual value) of the blank

B '

Sensed width (actual value) of the wide side wall panel 24, 24 '

C '

sensed width (actual value) of the narrow side wall panel 23, 23 '

e '

calculated length of the diagonal (actual value) of the packaging

Ü

overlap

e '

blank width calculated after the measurement (actual value)

Claims (15)

1. A packaging for a liquid and/or a loose material, which is formed from flat packaging material having fold lines (4, 5, 6) and a marking (11) applied to a wall panel (20) of the packaging (15), which is formed by stamping lines (25) which are disposed in a plane, of which at least two straight stamping lines (25) intersect at least when they are prolonged, wherein the marking (11) is formed by stamping lines (25) only instead of printing, which are U-shaped in cross-section due to curvature in such a way that due to the folded line (25) the packaging material in cross-section has substantially the same thickness in front of, after and within the folded line (25) as the unstamped packaging material, characterized in that the marking (11) comprises at least one center-symmetrical configuration.
2. A packaging according to claim 1 characterized in that the marking (11) has an outer rectangular frame (26) whose sides (27, 27') in the blank (21) extend parallel to the longitudinal fold lines (5) of the packaging and a parallelogram (31) is inscribed into that outer rectangle (frame 26).
3. A packaging according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that in the case of a rhombus as a parallelogram its two diagonals (32, 34) in the blank (21) of the packaging (15) extend parallel to the longitudinal (5) and transverse fold lines (6) of the packaging.
4. A packaging according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that a second inner rectangle (29) is inscribed in the outer rectangle (the frame 26) in such a way that two sides coincide with the sides (27, 27') of the outer rectangle (26), which in the blank (21) extend parallel to the longitudinal fold lines (5) and the other two sides (30, 30') touch the corners (33) of the rhombus (31) in such a way that the connecting corners (33) bisect the sides (30, 30').
5. A packaging according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that the marking (11) has a mathematical correlation with the packaging blank (21) such that the spacings (A, B, C, E) between points on the marking (11) describe the geometry of the fold lines (4, 5, 6).
6. A packaging according to one of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that the stamping lines (25) project in raised relationship at least partly out of the surface of the wall panel (20) and/or are set back in recessed relationship into the surface of the wall panel (20).
7. A blank for the production of a packaging for a liquid and/or a loose material, wherein the blank has longitudinal (5) and transverse fold lines (6) and a marking (11) applied to a wall panel (20), which is formed by stamping lines (25) which are disposed in a plane, of which at least two straight stamping lines (25) intersect at least in respect of the prolongation thereof, wherein the marking (11) is formed by stamping lines (25) only instead of printing, which are U-shaped in cross-section due to curvature in such a way that due to the folded line (25) the packaging material in cross-section has substantially the same thickness in front of, after and within the folded line (25) as the unstamped packaging material, characterized in that the marking (11) comprises at least one center-symmetrical configuration.
8. A blank according to claim 7 characterized in that the marking (11) has an outer rectangular frame (26) whose sides (27, 27') extend parallel to the longitudinal fold lines (5) and a parallelogram (31) is inscribed into that outer rectangle (the frame 26).
9. A blank according to claim 7 or 8 characterized in that in the case of a rhombus as a parallelogram its two diagonals (32, 34) extend parallel to the longitudinal (5) and transverse fold lines (6) of the packaging.
10. A blank according to one of claims 7 to 9 characterized in that a second inner rectangle (29) is inscribed in the outer rectangle (the frame 26) in such a way that two sides coincide with the sides (27, 27') of the outer rectangle (26), which extend parallel to the longitudinal fold lines (5) of the packaging and the other two sides (30, 30') touch the connecting corners (31) of the rhombus (31) in such a way that the connecting corners (33) bisect the sides (30, 30').
11. A blank according to one of claims 7 to 10 characterized in that the marking (11) has a mathematical correlation with the packaging blank (21) such that the spacings (A, B, C, E) between points on the marking (11) describe the geometry of the fold lines (4, 5, 6).
12. A blank according to one of claims 7 to 11 characterized in that the stamping lines (25) project in raised relationship at least partly out of the surface of the wall panel (20) and/or are set back in recessed relationship into the surface of the wall panel (20).
13. A process for the production of a packaging for a liquid and/or a loose material, which is formed from flat packaging material having fold lines (4, 5, 6) and a marking (11) applied to a wall panel (20) of the packaging (15), which is formed by stamping lines (25) which are disposed in a plane, wherein in a moving web (2) of packaging material fold lines (4,5, 6) and the marking (11) are applied to the material web (2), whereupon the material web (2) is shaped, filled and closed, wherein at least two straight stamping lines (25) intersect at least when they are prolonged, wherein the marking (11) is formed by stamping lines (25) only instead of printing, which are U-shaped in cross-section due to curvature in such a way that due to the folded line (25) the packaging material in cross-section has substantially the same thickness in front of, after and within the folded line (25) as the unstamped packaging material, characterized in that the marking (11) comprises at least one center-symmetrical configuration.
14. A process according to claim 13 characterized in that the stamping lines (25) are introduced together with the fold lines (4, 5, 6) in the processing of the material web (2) in the paper mechanism and are thereafter read.
15. A process according to claim 14 characterized in that the material web (2) provided with fold lines (4, 5, 6) is provided with stamping lines (25) in the filling machine.

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