EP1520229A2 - Object-oriented networking system for onboard aeronautical equipment items - Google Patents

Object-oriented networking system for onboard aeronautical equipment items

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Publication number
EP1520229A2
EP1520229A2 EP03750782A EP03750782A EP1520229A2 EP 1520229 A2 EP1520229 A2 EP 1520229A2 EP 03750782 A EP03750782 A EP 03750782A EP 03750782 A EP03750782 A EP 03750782A EP 1520229 A2 EP1520229 A2 EP 1520229A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oriented
equipment
aeronautical
interfaces
adapter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03750782A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Stéphane Thales Intellectual Property LERICHE
Elias Thales Intellectual Property BITAR
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thales SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thales SA filed Critical Thales SA
Publication of EP1520229A2 publication Critical patent/EP1520229A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
    • G06F9/54—Interprogram communication
    • G06F9/541—Interprogram communication via adapters, e.g. between incompatible applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
    • G06F9/465—Distributed object oriented systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the exchange of data between equipment on board an aerodyne.
  • An aerodyne is increasingly equipped with electronic equipment, some capturing the positions of the movable components flaps, control surfaces, airbrakes, landing gear, etc., others displaying the flight parameters, others helping piloting or to navigation such as the autopilot or the flight computer, others allowing exchanges of information with the ground or with other aerodynes, others still ensuring the monitoring of the environment close to the aerodyne, etc. .. All of this equipment on board an aerodyne is usually designated by the generic term of avionics system.
  • Avionics systems are very diverse from one aerodyne to another, and are subject, for safety reasons, to certification procedures which make their initial development and their subsequent modifications very expensive for upgrades to during the operating period of an aerodyne which can reach several decades.
  • the modification of the avionics system of an aerodyne implies, to avoid a loss of certification, to repeat the certification procedures both at the level of the modified or added equipment and at the level of the consequences of these modifications or addition of equipment on the equipment. pre-existing unmodified avionics system.
  • the addition of aircraft anti-collision equipment requires a connection with the flight computer for the supply, to the anti-collision equipment, of the speed vector and of the position coordinates of the aerodyne. If such a connection was not provided during the design of the flight computer, its creation implies modifications to the level of the flight computer causing the latter to require a more or less complete resumption of the certification procedures. about.
  • the present invention aims to facilitate the introduction of new equipment into an avionics system, when this new equipment must exchange information with equipment already in place, but not initially intended to cooperate with the new equipment, this by using the approach of object-oriented programming with regard to the various equipment of the avionics system.
  • Its subject is a system for networking aeronautical equipment on board an aerodyne comprising, for each item of equipment, an object-oriented interface with so-called object front means, enabling it to apprehend the on-board equipment for which it is assigned, as an object, in the sense of object-oriented programming, capable of communicating with other objects in the sense of object-oriented programming according to an object-oriented client / server model and with so-called observer means recording the resulting events the operation of the on-board equipment.
  • the design of the object facade of an object-oriented interface making it possible to perceive aeronautical equipment on board an aerodyne as an object, in the sense of object-oriented programming, capable of communicating according to a client / server-oriented model object and its observer means recording the events resulting from the operation of the equipment is made possible by the fact that the different states that aeronautical equipment can take, the different messages it can process, the services it renders or the procedures it initiates following these messages, and the events resulting from the services rendered or procedures initiated are always very precisely listed in the manufacturers' specifications.
  • an object-oriented interface includes an object front provided with subscription communication services.
  • the object-oriented interfaces communicate with each other in accordance with the CORBA standard established by T'Object Management Group ".
  • the object-oriented interfaces communicate with each other by respecting the Java Remote Method Invocation protocol established by the company Sun Microsystem, Java being a trademark registered by the latter company.
  • the object-oriented interfaces communicate with each other in accordance with the Simple Object Access Protocol established by the "World Wide Web Consortium".
  • the object-oriented interfaces communicate with each other by means of an object in the sense of object-oriented programming, known as an adapter object, provided with means for adapting the form of the messages and events sent by the object-oriented interfaces so that they are understood from the recipient object oriented interface.
  • an adapter object provided with means for adapting the form of the messages and events sent by the object-oriented interfaces so that they are understood from the recipient object oriented interface.
  • the networking system contains a configuration object that knows all the objects in the network and all the services and takes care of creating the objects. adapters.
  • a dedicated aeronautical bus interconnects on-board equipment, it is used to connect object-oriented interfaces to their allocation equipment.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an object-oriented interface according to the invention for aircraft collision avoidance equipment
  • - Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating a direct mode of communication between the object-oriented interfaces of a flight computer and aircraft anti-collision equipment placed on board an aerodyne
  • - Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating a mode of indirect communication, via an adapter object, between the object-oriented interfaces of a flight computer and aircraft anti-collision equipment placed on board an aerodyne
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the connection of an object-oriented interface to a flight computer in the case where the latter is accessible by a dedicated aircraft bus, and
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an indirect mode of communication, via an adapter object, between the object-oriented interface of aircraft collision avoidance equipment and the object-oriented interface of a flight computer grafted to the latter via the dedicated aeronautical bus.
  • Object-oriented programming known by the acronym OOP from the Anglo-Saxon “Object Oriented Programming” seeks to master the growing complexity of computer programs by organizing a computer program as cooperating sets of autonomous computer entities so-called objects, made up of both data and a collection of related structures and procedures. It is the subject of an abundant literature to which the reader can refer for a detailed knowledge in particular the book of Grady BOOCH entitled: “Object Oriented Design with Application” published by the editions Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. (February 1994) ISBN: 0805353402.
  • an object in the sense of object-oriented programming models the behavior of a real world entity apprehended from a current state of the entity, of the services or procedures that l entity can execute, in the form of messages and parameters to request these services or procedures, and events resulting from the services or procedures performed.
  • the effective structure of the modeled entity that is to say the way in which it performs services or procedures, is not taken into account in the object which models it, which makes the model object of programming. object-oriented particularly interesting in the case of equipment whose use is sought to be modified without touching their structures or the services they render.
  • Objects cooperate according to a client / server model, an object being considered as a server when it performs a service at the request of another object, and as a client when it is requesting a service from another object.
  • each item of equipment such as the autopilot, the flight computer, the communication router, etc. may have its behavior modeled by an object in the sense of object-oriented programming, by means of an object-oriented interface with an object front containing a record of the current state of the equipment and formally describing the services rendered with their parameters d 'call, and with observer means collecting the events resulting from the execution of the requested services.
  • the observing means can be behavioral objects within the meaning of the chapter "observing" of the book entitled “Design Patterns” written by Erich Gamma et al. and published in the "Addison-Wesley Professional Computing Series” editions ISBN: 0-201-63361-2.
  • the observing means can be behavioral objects within the meaning of the chapter "observing” of the book entitled “Design Patterns” written by Erich Gamma et al. and published in the "Addison-Wesley Professional Computing Series” editions ISBN: 0-201-63361-2.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example of an object-oriented interface adapted to aircraft collision avoidance equipment known by the acronym TCAS taken from the Anglo-Saxon "Traffic Collision Avoidance System”.
  • This object-oriented interface is consists of an object 1 facade and observer means 2.
  • the current state of the TCAS equipment is identified by parameter values 10 identified by their names preceded by a minus sign in prefix while the services rendered by the TCAS equipment and their call parameters 11 as well as the subscription communication services 12 rendered by the object-oriented interface itself, are identified by their names preceded by a plus sign in prefix.
  • the observer means 2 the events arising from the services rendered by the TCAS equipment are identified by parameter values 20 identified by their names preceded by a plus sign in prefix.
  • the facade object 1 is a new access to the services rendered by the TCAS equipment, while the observer means 2 constitute a base of the events to be notified to the client objects which have subscribed.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example of coupling of TCAS equipment with a flight computer known by the acronym FMS taken from the Anglo-Saxon "Flight Management System" in order to perform a conflict detection and anti-collision function.
  • the TCAS equipment and the FMS computer are considered to be objects within the meaning of object programming, one being provided with a knowledge base of the services rendered which it may have to request from the other and vice versa to perform the conflict detection and aircraft collision avoidance function.
  • the FMS computer has an object-oriented interface which models it as an object in the sense of object-oriented programming.
  • the object-oriented interface of the TCAS equipment with its object front 1 and its observer means 2 is taken from FIG. 1.
  • the oriented interface object of the FMS calculator also has an object facade 3 and observer means 4, but these are adapted to the behavior of the FMS calculator.
  • the object front of the object-oriented interface of the FMS calculator identifies the current state of the FMS calculator by parameter values 30 identified by their names preceded by a minus sign in prefix and the services rendered by the FMS calculator and their parameters d 31 and the services of communication by subscription 32 rendered by the object-oriented interface (3, 4) itself, by their names preceded by a plus sign in prefix.
  • the observer means 4 identify the events consecutive to the services rendered by the FMS calculator by parameter values 40 identified by their names preceded by a plus sign in prefix.
  • the object-oriented interfaces 1, 2 of the TCAS equipment and 3, 4 of the flight computer are directly coupled in the sense that each of them is a client of the other and directly subscribes to subscriptions when the need arises. makes itself felt. They are connected in both directions, at the logical level by links "is a" 5, 6 and at the physical level, by a transmission link 7, 8.
  • This direct coupling mode between the object-oriented interface 1, 2 of the TCAS equipment and the object-oriented interface 3, 4 of the FMS computer implies that the object-oriented interface 1, 2 of the TCAS equipment not only models l TCAS equipment as an object in the sense of object-oriented programming but also sends, to the object-oriented interface 3, 4 of the FMS computer, service request messages according to the form or protocol used by the latter and is capable to interpret the form in which the object-oriented interface 3, 4 of the FMS computer communicates to it the events resulting from the execution of the services requested.
  • object-oriented interface 3, 4 of the FMS computer not only models the FMS computer as an object in the sense of object-oriented programming but also sends, to the object-oriented interface 1, 2 of the TCAS equipment, service request messages according to the form or protocol used by the latter and is capable of interpreting the form in which the object-oriented interface 1, 2 of the TCAS equipment communicates to it the events resulting from execution services requested.
  • Direct coupling requires designing an object-oriented interface not only as a function of the equipment to be modeled as an object in the sense of object-oriented programming but also as a function of the object-oriented interfaces of the equipment with which it can be brought to be Related.
  • This constraint implies calling into question the object-oriented interfaces of the equipment of an avionics system each time new equipment is added or each modification of the protocol messages accepted by an object-oriented interface or the events it emits. Such questioning is undesirable since it requires the resumption of the certification procedures for all the modified object-oriented interfaces.
  • Another example of coupling is proposed, in relation to FIG. 3.
  • TCAS equipment with an FMS computer in order to perform a conflict detection and anti-collision detection function, both of which are always considered as objects within the meaning of object programming.
  • object-oriented interfaces 1, 2 and 3.4 of the TCAS equipment and the FMS computer are no longer put in direct relation but through another object 9, always in the sense of object-oriented programming, called adapter object, carrying out the adaptations required by any differences in the protocol of messages and events.
  • the adapter object 9 is connected, in both directions by transmission links 100, 101 to the object interface 1, 2 of the TCAS equipment and to the object interface 3, 4 of the FMS computer. It is subscribed as a client to these two object interfaces 1, 2 and 3, 4 by means of links "is a" 103, 104.
  • Another so-called configuration object 15 which knows all the objects and all the services, takes care of creating the adapter objects 9 according to the interconnection needs. No application know-how (other than protocol) is integrated into the adapter objects 9.
  • adapter objects 9 The major interest of adapter objects 9 is the weak coupling between object models that they allow. This weak coupling makes it possible to confine most of the consequences of the insertion of new equipment into an avionic system, to the creation of new adapter objects, the pre-existing equipment possibly undergoing an update of their knowledge base of services. rendered to integrate services rendered by the new equipment and events it is likely to produce.
  • Object-oriented interfaces 1, 2; 3,4 and the adapter objects 9 advantageously comply with a standard or protocol for heterogeneous distributed applications such as the CORBA standard established by T'Object Management Group "or the Java Remote Method Invocation protocol established by the company Sun Microsystem, Java being a registered trademark by the latter company or the Simple Object Access Protocol established by the "World Wide Web Consortium".
  • a standard or protocol for heterogeneous distributed applications such as the CORBA standard established by T'Object Management Group "or the Java Remote Method Invocation protocol established by the company Sun Microsystem, Java being a registered trademark by the latter company or the Simple Object Access Protocol established by the "World Wide Web Consortium".
  • An object-oriented interface of an item of equipment which allows the passage between the non-object-oriented world of an item of equipment and the object-oriented world of the networking system, is a logic machine which can be carried out in combinatorial or sequential logic, ie using specialized circuits mounted on a daughter electronic card placed in the housing of the modeled equipment and connected to the proprietary buses of the latter, or by using the computing time of a computer belonging to the modeled equipment.
  • the addition of an object-oriented interface compromises the integrity of equipment which must undergo new tests to maintain its certification.
  • FIG. 4 shows another way of adding an object-oriented interface to on-board equipment on board an aircraft, when the latter is connected to a dedicated aeronautical data transmission bus as is the case for example of the model Boeing 777 commercial aircraft manufactured by the company Boeing or the future model of commercial aircraft A 380 under construction by the company Airbus.
  • the equipment concerned is an FMS computer represented by its access interface 50 to a dedicated aeronautical bus 51. Its object-oriented interface with its object facade 52 and its observer means 53 is connected to it via the dedicated aeronautical bus 51 and of its bus access interface 50.
  • connection to the FMS computer, of its object-oriented interface 52, 53 via the dedicated aeronautical bus 51 and of its access interface 50 to this dedicated aeronautical bus 51 is made possible by the fact that the interface d 'access 50 is a logical machine designed to allow the avionics system to have access to all of the services that the FMS computer is capable of rendering (parameters preceded by incoming arrows indexed by 500) and events likely to be produced by the FMS computer and its state (parameters followed by outgoing arrows indexed by 501).
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an example of coupling, of the kind of that of FIG. 3, between a TCAS equipment newly added to an avionics system and a pre-existing FMS computer, accessible in the avionics system by a dedicated aeronautical bus, in order to perform a aircraft conflict detection and anti-collision function, without affecting the integrity of the FMS computer to maintain its certification.
  • the FMS computer is provided with an object-oriented interface, with an object front 52 and observer means 53, which is connected to it via the dedicated aeronautical bus 51 and its access interface 50 to the bus.
  • the TCAS equipment which is newly added to the avionics system, is internally provided with an object-oriented interface with an object frontage 1 and observer means 2.
  • the TCAS equipment and the FMS computer communicate with each other via their object-oriented interfaces 1, 2 and 52, 53 linked by an adapter object 9 'and transmission links 102, 103 created each time the need arises by a configuration object 15 ".
  • an adapter object 9 ′ for linking the TCAS equipment and the FMS computer is only subscribed to the FMS computer since the latter does not have not originally designed to benefit from the services rendered by TCAS equipment and that one does not want to touch its integrity. This does not prevent a subsequent upgrade of the FMS computer, at the cost of recertification and the use of adapter objects subscribed to both the FMS computer and the TCAS equipment.
  • the transmission links 102, 103 between object-oriented interfaces 1, 2; 52, 53 and 9 ′ adapter object can take the dedicated aeronautical bus, the data exchanged between them implementing a protocol overlay advantageously of the heterogeneous distributed application protocol type like the CORBA standard established by PObject Management Group "or the Java protocol Remote Method Invocation established by the company Sun Microsystem, Java being a trademark registered by the latter company or the Simple Object Access Protocol established by the "World Wide Web Consortium".

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Abstract

The invention concerns a networking system for aeronautical equipment items onboard an heavier-than-air aircraft comprising, for each equipment item, an object-oriented interface (1, 2; 3, 4) with so-called object-front means (1, 2) for perceiving the onboard equipment whereto it is assigned, as an object, in terms of object-oriented programming, capable of communicating with other objects in terms of object-oriented programming in accordance with an object-oriented client/server model and with so-called observer objects (2, 4) identifying events resulting from the operating conditions of the onboard equipment.

Description

SYSTEME DE MISE EN RESEAU ORIENTE OBJET D'EQUIPEMENTS AERONAUTIQUES EMBARQUES OBJECT-ORIENTED NETWORKING SYSTEM OF ON-BOARD AERONAUTICAL EQUIPMENT
La présente invention concerne les échanges de données entre des équipements embarqués à bord d'un aérodyne.The present invention relates to the exchange of data between equipment on board an aerodyne.
Un aérodyne est équipé de plus en plus d'équipements électroniques, certains captant les positions des éléments mobiles volets, gouvernes, aérofreins, trains d'atterrissage, etc., d'autres affichant les paramètres de vol, d'autres aidant au pilotage ou à la navigation comme le pilote automatique ou le calculateur de vol, d'autres permettant des échanges d'informations avec le sol ou avec d'autres aérodynes, d'autres encore assurant la surveillance de l'environnement proche de l'aérodyne, etc.. L'ensemble de ces équipements embarqués à bord d'un aérodyne est habituellement désigné par le terme générique de système avionique.An aerodyne is increasingly equipped with electronic equipment, some capturing the positions of the movable components flaps, control surfaces, airbrakes, landing gear, etc., others displaying the flight parameters, others helping piloting or to navigation such as the autopilot or the flight computer, others allowing exchanges of information with the ground or with other aerodynes, others still ensuring the monitoring of the environment close to the aerodyne, etc. .. All of this equipment on board an aerodyne is usually designated by the generic term of avionics system.
Les systèmes avioniques sont très divers d'un aérodyne à l'autre, et sont soumis, pour des questions de sécurité, à des procédures de certification qui rendent très coûteuses leur mise au point initiale et leurs modifications ultérieures pour des mise à niveau tout au long de la période d'exploitation d'un aérodyne qui peut atteindre plusieurs décennies.Avionics systems are very diverse from one aerodyne to another, and are subject, for safety reasons, to certification procedures which make their initial development and their subsequent modifications very expensive for upgrades to during the operating period of an aerodyne which can reach several decades.
La modification du système avionique d'un aérodyne implique, pour éviter une perte de certification, de reprendre les procédures de certification aussi bien au niveau des équipements modifiés ou ajoutés qu'au niveau des conséquences de ces modifications ou ajout d'équipements sur les équipements préexistants non modifiés du système avionique.The modification of the avionics system of an aerodyne implies, to avoid a loss of certification, to repeat the certification procedures both at the level of the modified or added equipment and at the level of the consequences of these modifications or addition of equipment on the equipment. pre-existing unmodified avionics system.
Par exemple, l'ajout d'un équipement anticollision avion demande un raccordement avec le calculateur de vol pour la fourniture, à l'équipement anticollision, du vecteur vitesse et des coordonnées de position de l'aérodyne. Si un tel raccordement n'a pas été prévu lors de la conception du calculateur de vol, sa création implique des modifications au niveau du calculateur de vol entraînant pour celui-ci la nécessité d'une reprise plus ou moins complète des procédures de certification le concernant.For example, the addition of aircraft anti-collision equipment requires a connection with the flight computer for the supply, to the anti-collision equipment, of the speed vector and of the position coordinates of the aerodyne. If such a connection was not provided during the design of the flight computer, its creation implies modifications to the level of the flight computer causing the latter to require a more or less complete resumption of the certification procedures. about.
La modification et la recertification d'équipements existant du système avionique d'un aérodyne en vue d'ajouter un nouvel équipement est une opération qui est souvent compliquée par le fait que le fabricant de l'équipement à rajouter est souvent différent de ceux des équipements préexistants à modifier, ce qui implique la mise en place de coopérations entre fabricants différents avec leurs lots de négociations, qui alourdissent considérablement le coût et le temps nécessaire à la mise à jour d'un système avionique.The modification and recertification of existing equipment of the avionics system of an aerodyne with a view to adding new equipment is an operation which is often complicated by the fact that the manufacturer of the equipment to be added is often different from that of the equipment. preexisting to modify, which implies the establishment of cooperation between different manufacturers with their batches of negotiations, which considerably increase the cost and time required to update an avionics system.
La présente invention a pour but de faciliter l'introduction d'un nouvel équipement dans un système avionique, lorsque ce nouvel équipement doit échanger des informations avec des équipements déjà en place, mais non initialement prévus pour coopérer avec le nouvel équipement, cela en utilisant l'approche de la programmation orientée objet vis à vis des différents équipements du système avionique.The present invention aims to facilitate the introduction of new equipment into an avionics system, when this new equipment must exchange information with equipment already in place, but not initially intended to cooperate with the new equipment, this by using the approach of object-oriented programming with regard to the various equipment of the avionics system.
Elle a pour objet un système de mise en réseau d'équipements aéronautiques embarqués à bord d'un aérodyne comportant, pour chaque équipement, une interface orientée objet avec des moyens dits façade objet, lui permettant d'appréhender l'équipement embarqué auquel elle est affectée, en tant qu'un objet, au sens de la programmation orientée objet, capable de communiquer avec d'autres objets au sens de la programmation orientée objet selon un modèle client/serveur orienté objet et avec des moyens dits observateurs recensant les événements résultants du fonctionnement de l'équipement embarqué.Its subject is a system for networking aeronautical equipment on board an aerodyne comprising, for each item of equipment, an object-oriented interface with so-called object front means, enabling it to apprehend the on-board equipment for which it is assigned, as an object, in the sense of object-oriented programming, capable of communicating with other objects in the sense of object-oriented programming according to an object-oriented client / server model and with so-called observer means recording the resulting events the operation of the on-board equipment.
L'approche des équipements embarqués d'un aérodyne en tant qu'objets, au sens de la programmation orienté objet, capables de communiquer selon un modèle client/serveur orienté objet permet de les faire dialoguer entre eux tout en les considérant comme des boîtes noires, c'est-à- dire en faisant abstraction de la façon dont ils remplissent les tâches ou services auxquelles ils sont dévolus. Cela minimise les interventions sur les équipements existants et donc les opérations nécessaires à la recertification d'un système avionique modifié. La conception de la façade objet d'une interface orientée objet permettant de percevoir un équipement aéronautique embarqué à bord d'un aérodyne en tant qu'un objet, au sens de la programmation orientée objet, capable de communiquer selon un modèle client/serveur orienté objet et de ses moyens observateurs recensant les événements résultant du fonctionnement de l'équipement est rendu possible par le fait que les différents états que peut prendre un équipement aéronautique, les différents messages qu'il peut traiter, les services qu'il rend ou les procédures qu'il engage à la suite de ces messages, et les événements résultant des services rendus ou procédures engagées sont toujours très précisément répertoriés dans les spécifications des constructeurs.The approach of the on-board equipment of an aerodyne as objects, in the sense of object-oriented programming, capable of communicating according to an object-oriented client / server model makes it possible to make them dialogue with each other while considering them as black boxes , that is, disregarding the way in which they perform the tasks or services to which they are assigned. This minimizes interventions on existing equipment and therefore the operations necessary for the recertification of a modified avionics system. The design of the object facade of an object-oriented interface making it possible to perceive aeronautical equipment on board an aerodyne as an object, in the sense of object-oriented programming, capable of communicating according to a client / server-oriented model object and its observer means recording the events resulting from the operation of the equipment is made possible by the fact that the different states that aeronautical equipment can take, the different messages it can process, the services it renders or the procedures it initiates following these messages, and the events resulting from the services rendered or procedures initiated are always very precisely listed in the manufacturers' specifications.
Avantageusement, une interface orientée objet comporte une façade objet pourvue de services de communication par abonnement.Advantageously, an object-oriented interface includes an object front provided with subscription communication services.
Avantageusement, les interfaces orientées objet communiquent entre elles en respectant la norme CORBA établie par T'Object Management Group".Advantageously, the object-oriented interfaces communicate with each other in accordance with the CORBA standard established by T'Object Management Group ".
Avantageusement, les interfaces orientées objet communiquent entre elles en respectant le protocole Java Remote Method Invocation établi par la société Sun Microsystem, Java étant une marque déposée par cette dernière société. Avantageusement, les interfaces orientées objet communiquent entre elles en respectant le protocole Simple Object Access Protocol établi par le "World Wide Web Consortium".Advantageously, the object-oriented interfaces communicate with each other by respecting the Java Remote Method Invocation protocol established by the company Sun Microsystem, Java being a trademark registered by the latter company. Advantageously, the object-oriented interfaces communicate with each other in accordance with the Simple Object Access Protocol established by the "World Wide Web Consortium".
Avantageusement, les interfaces orientées objet communiquent entre elles par l'intermédiaire d'un objet au sens de la programmation orientée objet, dit objet adaptateur, pourvu moyens d'adaptation de la forme des messages et événements émis par les interfaces orientées objet pour qu'ils soient compris de l'interface orientée objet destinataire.Advantageously, the object-oriented interfaces communicate with each other by means of an object in the sense of object-oriented programming, known as an adapter object, provided with means for adapting the form of the messages and events sent by the object-oriented interfaces so that they are understood from the recipient object oriented interface.
Avantageusement, lorsque les interfaces orientées objet communiquent entre elles par l'intermédiaire d'un objet adaptateur, le système de mise en réseau renferme un objet de configuration connaissant tous les objets du réseau et tous les services et s'occupant de la création des objets adaptateurs.Advantageously, when the object-oriented interfaces communicate with each other via an adapter object, the networking system contains a configuration object that knows all the objects in the network and all the services and takes care of creating the objects. adapters.
Avantageusement, lorsqu'un bus aéronautique dédié interconnecte les équipements embarqués, il est utilisé pour raccorder des interfaces orientées objet à leurs équipements d'affectation.Advantageously, when a dedicated aeronautical bus interconnects on-board equipment, it is used to connect object-oriented interfaces to their allocation equipment.
Avantageusement, lorsqu'un bus aéronautique dédié interconnecte les équipements embarqués, il est utilisé pour raccorder des interfaces orientées objet à leurs équipements d'affectation et pour relier entre elles les interfaces orientées objet. D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention ressortiront de la description ci-après d'un mode de réalisation donné à titre d'exemple. Cette description sera faite en regard du dessin dans lequel :Advantageously, when a dedicated aeronautical bus interconnects on-board equipment, it is used to connect object-oriented interfaces to their assignment equipment and to connect the object-oriented interfaces to each other. Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will emerge from the description below of an embodiment given by way of example. This description will be made with reference to the drawing in which:
- une figure 1 est un schéma illustrant une interface orientée objet selon l'invention pour un équipement anticollision avion,FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an object-oriented interface according to the invention for aircraft collision avoidance equipment,
- une figure 2 est un schéma illustrant un mode de communication direct entre les interfaces orientées objet d'un calculateur de vol et d'un équipement anticollision avion placés à bord d'un aérodyne, - une figure 3 est un schéma illustrant un mode de communication indirect, par l'intermédiaire d'un objet adaptateur, entre les interfaces orientées objet d'un calculateur de vol et d'un équipement anticollision avion placés à bord d'un aérodyne,- Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating a direct mode of communication between the object-oriented interfaces of a flight computer and aircraft anti-collision equipment placed on board an aerodyne, - Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating a mode of indirect communication, via an adapter object, between the object-oriented interfaces of a flight computer and aircraft anti-collision equipment placed on board an aerodyne,
- une figure 4 est un schéma illustrant le raccordement d'une interface orientée objet à un calculateur de vol dans le cas où ce dernier est accessible par un bus avion dédié, etFIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the connection of an object-oriented interface to a flight computer in the case where the latter is accessible by a dedicated aircraft bus, and
- une figure 5 est un schéma illustrant un mode de communication indirect, par l'intermédiaire d'un objet adaptateur, entre l'interface orientée objet d'un équipement anticollision avion et l'interface orientée objet d'un calculateur de vol greffée à ce dernier par l'intermédiaire du bus aéronautique dédié.FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an indirect mode of communication, via an adapter object, between the object-oriented interface of aircraft collision avoidance equipment and the object-oriented interface of a flight computer grafted to the latter via the dedicated aeronautical bus.
La programmation orientée objet, connue sous le sigle OOP tiré de l'anglo-saxon "Object Oriented Programming", cherche à maîtriser la complexité croissante des programmes d'ordinateur en organisant un programme d'ordinateur comme des ensembles coopérants d'entités informatiques autonomes dites objets, constituées à la fois de données et d'une collection de structures et de procédures liées. Elle fait l'objet d'une abondante littérature auquel le lecteur peut se rapporter pour une connaissance détaillée notamment le livre de Grady BOOCH intitulé :"Object Oriented Design with Application" paru aux éditions Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. (février 1994) ISBN :0805353402. Il suffit, pour la suite, de savoir qu'un objet au sens de la programmation orientée objet, modélise le comportement d'une entité du monde réel appréhendé à partir d'un état courant de l'entité, des services ou procédures que l'entité peut exécuter, de la forme des messages et des paramètres permettant de requérir ces services ou procédures, et des événements résultant des services ou procédures exécutés. La structure effective de l'entité modélisée, c'est-à-dire la manière dont elle exécute des services ou procédures n'est pas prise en compte dans l'objet qui la modélise, ce qui rend le modèle à objet de la programmation orientée objet particulièrement intéressant dans le cas d'équipements dont on cherche à modifier l'utilisation sans pour autant toucher à leurs structures ou aux services qu'ils rendent.Object-oriented programming, known by the acronym OOP from the Anglo-Saxon "Object Oriented Programming", seeks to master the growing complexity of computer programs by organizing a computer program as cooperating sets of autonomous computer entities so-called objects, made up of both data and a collection of related structures and procedures. It is the subject of an abundant literature to which the reader can refer for a detailed knowledge in particular the book of Grady BOOCH entitled: "Object Oriented Design with Application" published by the editions Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. (February 1994) ISBN: 0805353402. It suffices, for the rest, to know that an object in the sense of object-oriented programming, models the behavior of a real world entity apprehended from a current state of the entity, of the services or procedures that l entity can execute, in the form of messages and parameters to request these services or procedures, and events resulting from the services or procedures performed. The effective structure of the modeled entity, that is to say the way in which it performs services or procedures, is not taken into account in the object which models it, which makes the model object of programming. object-oriented particularly interesting in the case of equipment whose use is sought to be modified without touching their structures or the services they render.
Les objets coopèrent selon un modèle client/serveur, un objet étant considéré comme serveur lorsqu'il exécute un service sur la demande d'un autre objet, et comme client lorsqu'il est demandeur d'un service de la part d'un autre objet.Objects cooperate according to a client / server model, an object being considered as a server when it performs a service at the request of another object, and as a client when it is requesting a service from another object.
Dans le cas du système avionique d'un aéronef, chaque équipement tel que le pilote automatique, le calculateur de vol, le routeur de communication, etc. peut avoir son comportement modélise par un objet au sens de la programmation orientée objet, au moyen d'une interface orientée objet avec une façade objet renfermant un enregistrement de l'état courant de l'équipement et décrivant formellement les services rendus avec leurs paramètres d'appel, et avec des moyens observateurs collectant les événements résultant de l'exécution des services demandés.In the case of the avionics system of an aircraft, each item of equipment such as the autopilot, the flight computer, the communication router, etc. may have its behavior modeled by an object in the sense of object-oriented programming, by means of an object-oriented interface with an object front containing a record of the current state of the equipment and formally describing the services rendered with their parameters d 'call, and with observer means collecting the events resulting from the execution of the requested services.
Plus précisément, les moyens observateurs peuvent être des objets comportementaux au sens du chapitre "observer" du livre intitulé "Design Patterns" écrit par Erich Gamma et al. et publié aux éditions "Addison-Wesley Professional Computing Séries" ISBN : 0-201-63361-2. Pour que des équipements modélisés par des objets au sens de la programmation orientée objet communiquent entre eux selon un modèle client/serveur orienté objet, il suffit d'ajouter, à leurs façades objet, des services ou procédures qui leur sont propres, spécialisés dans la communication entre objets et accessibles des autres objets par abonnement, et de munir les équipements modélisés destinés à être utilisateurs de services rendus par d'autres équipements modélisés, de bases de connaissance de services rendus par d'autres objets.More precisely, the observing means can be behavioral objects within the meaning of the chapter "observing" of the book entitled "Design Patterns" written by Erich Gamma et al. and published in the "Addison-Wesley Professional Computing Series" editions ISBN: 0-201-63361-2. In order for equipment modeled by objects in the sense of object-oriented programming to communicate with each other according to an object-oriented client / server model, it suffices to add to their object facades, their own services or procedures, specialized in communication between objects and accessible to other objects by subscription, and to provide modeled equipment intended to be users of services rendered by other modeled equipment, with knowledge bases of services rendered by other objects.
La figure 1 illustre un exemple d'interface orientée objet adaptée à un équipement anticollision avion connu sous le sigle TCAS tiré de l'anglo- saxon "Traffic Collision Avoidance System". Cette interface orientée objet se compose d'une façade objet 1 et de moyens observateurs 2. Dans la façade objet 1 , l'état courant de l'équipement TCAS est identifié par des valeurs de paramètres 10 repérées par leurs noms précédés d'un signe moins en préfixe alors que les services rendus par l'équipement TCAS et leurs paramètres d'appel 11 ainsi que les services de communication par abonnement 12 rendus par l'interface orientée objet elle-même, sont repérés par leurs noms précédés d'un signe plus en préfixe. Dans les moyens observateurs 2, les événements découlant des services rendus par l'équipement TCAS sont identifiés par des valeurs de paramètres 20 repérés par leurs noms précédés d'un signe plus en préfixe.FIG. 1 illustrates an example of an object-oriented interface adapted to aircraft collision avoidance equipment known by the acronym TCAS taken from the Anglo-Saxon "Traffic Collision Avoidance System". This object-oriented interface is consists of an object 1 facade and observer means 2. In the object 1 facade, the current state of the TCAS equipment is identified by parameter values 10 identified by their names preceded by a minus sign in prefix while the services rendered by the TCAS equipment and their call parameters 11 as well as the subscription communication services 12 rendered by the object-oriented interface itself, are identified by their names preceded by a plus sign in prefix. In the observer means 2, the events arising from the services rendered by the TCAS equipment are identified by parameter values 20 identified by their names preceded by a plus sign in prefix.
La façade objet 1 est un nouvel accès aux services rendus par l'équipement TCAS, tandis que les moyens observateurs 2 constituent une base des événements à notifier aux objets clients qui se sont abonnés.The facade object 1 is a new access to the services rendered by the TCAS equipment, while the observer means 2 constitute a base of the events to be notified to the client objects which have subscribed.
La figure 2 illustre un exemple de couplage d'un équipement TCAS avec un calculateur de vol connu sous le sigle FMS tiré de l'anglo- saxon "Flight Management System" en vue de réaliser une fonction de détection de conflit et d'anticollision. Dans cet exemple, l'équipement TCAS et le calculateur FMS sont considérés comme des objets au sens de la programmation objet, l'un étant pourvu d'une base de connaissance des services rendus qu'il peut être amené à demander à l'autre et réciproquement pour réaliser la fonction de détection de conflit et d'anticollision avion.FIG. 2 illustrates an example of coupling of TCAS equipment with a flight computer known by the acronym FMS taken from the Anglo-Saxon "Flight Management System" in order to perform a conflict detection and anti-collision function. In this example, the TCAS equipment and the FMS computer are considered to be objects within the meaning of object programming, one being provided with a knowledge base of the services rendered which it may have to request from the other and vice versa to perform the conflict detection and aircraft collision avoidance function.
Le calculateur FMS est pourvu, comme l'équipement TCAS d'une interface orienté objet qui le modélise en tant qu'objet au sens de la programmation orientée objet.Like the TCAS equipment, the FMS computer has an object-oriented interface which models it as an object in the sense of object-oriented programming.
Dans un but de simplification, seules les interfaces orientées objet ont été représentées sur la figure 2. L'interface orientée objet de l'équipement TCAS avec sa façade objet 1 et ses moyens observateurs 2 est reprise de la figure 1. L'interface orientée objet du calculateur FMS présente également une façade objet 3 et des moyens observateurs 4 mais ceux-ci sont adaptés au comportement du calculateur FMS. La façade objet de l'interface orientée objet du calculateur FMS identifie l'état courant du calculateur FMS par des valeurs de paramètres 30 repérées par leurs noms précédés d'un signe moins en préfixe et les services rendus par le calculateur FMS et leurs paramètres d'appel 31 ainsi que les services de communication par abonnement 32 rendus par l'interface orientée objet (3, 4) elle-même , par leurs noms précédés d'un signe plus en préfixe. Les moyens observateurs 4 identifient les événements consécutifs aux services rendus par le calculateur FMS par des valeurs de paramètres 40 repérés par leurs noms précédés d'un signe plus en préfixe.For the sake of simplification, only the object-oriented interfaces have been represented in FIG. 2. The object-oriented interface of the TCAS equipment with its object front 1 and its observer means 2 is taken from FIG. 1. The oriented interface object of the FMS calculator also has an object facade 3 and observer means 4, but these are adapted to the behavior of the FMS calculator. The object front of the object-oriented interface of the FMS calculator identifies the current state of the FMS calculator by parameter values 30 identified by their names preceded by a minus sign in prefix and the services rendered by the FMS calculator and their parameters d 31 and the services of communication by subscription 32 rendered by the object-oriented interface (3, 4) itself, by their names preceded by a plus sign in prefix. The observer means 4 identify the events consecutive to the services rendered by the FMS calculator by parameter values 40 identified by their names preceded by a plus sign in prefix.
Les interfaces orientées objet 1 , 2 de l'équipement TCAS et 3, 4 du calculateur de vol sont directement couplées en ce sens que chacune d'elles est cliente de l'autre et souscrit directement des abonnements auprès de l'autre lorsque le besoin s'en fait sentir . Elles sont reliées dans les deux sens, au niveau logique par des liens "est un" 5, 6 et au niveau physique, par une liaison de transmission 7, 8.The object-oriented interfaces 1, 2 of the TCAS equipment and 3, 4 of the flight computer are directly coupled in the sense that each of them is a client of the other and directly subscribes to subscriptions when the need arises. makes itself felt. They are connected in both directions, at the logical level by links "is a" 5, 6 and at the physical level, by a transmission link 7, 8.
Ce mode de couplage direct entre l'interface orientée objet 1 , 2 de l'équipement TCAS et l'interface orientée objet 3, 4 du calculateur FMS implique que l'interface orientée objet 1 , 2 de l'équipement TCAS non seulement modélise l'équipement TCAS en tant qu'objet au sens de la programmation orientée objet mais également envoie, à l'interface orientée objet 3, 4 du calculateur FMS, des messages de demande de service selon la forme ou protocole utilisé par cette dernière et est capable d'interpréter la forme sous laquelle l'interface orientée objet 3, 4 du calculateur FMS lui communique les événements résultant de l'exécution des services demandés. Il implique de même que l'interface orientée objet 3, 4 du calculateur FMS non seulement modélise le calculateur FMS en tant qu'objet au sens de la programmation orientée objet mais également envoie, à l'interface orientée objet 1 , 2 de l'équipement TCAS, des messages de demande de service selon la forme ou protocole utilisé par ce dernier et est capable d'interpréter la forme sous laquelle l'interface orientée objet 1 , 2 de l'équipement TCAS lui communique les événements résultant de l'exécution des services demandés.This direct coupling mode between the object-oriented interface 1, 2 of the TCAS equipment and the object-oriented interface 3, 4 of the FMS computer implies that the object-oriented interface 1, 2 of the TCAS equipment not only models l TCAS equipment as an object in the sense of object-oriented programming but also sends, to the object-oriented interface 3, 4 of the FMS computer, service request messages according to the form or protocol used by the latter and is capable to interpret the form in which the object-oriented interface 3, 4 of the FMS computer communicates to it the events resulting from the execution of the services requested. It also implies that the object-oriented interface 3, 4 of the FMS computer not only models the FMS computer as an object in the sense of object-oriented programming but also sends, to the object-oriented interface 1, 2 of the TCAS equipment, service request messages according to the form or protocol used by the latter and is capable of interpreting the form in which the object-oriented interface 1, 2 of the TCAS equipment communicates to it the events resulting from execution services requested.
Le couplage direct nécessite de concevoir une interface orientée objet non seulement en fonction de l'équipement à modéliser en tant qu'objet au sens de la programmation orientée objet mais également en fonction des interfaces orientées objet des équipements avec lesquelles elle peut être amenée à être en relation. Cette contrainte implique la remise en cause des interfaces orientées objet des équipements d'un système avionique à chaque ajout d'un nouvel équipement ou à chaque modification du protocole des messages acceptés par une interface orientée objet ou des événements qu'elle émet. Une telle remise en cause n'est pas souhaitable car elle oblige à reprendre les procédures de certification de toutes les interfaces orientées objet modifiées. Pour éviter d'avoir à tenir compte, lors de la conception d'une interface orientée objet, des caractéristiques des autres interfaces orientées objet avec lesquelles elle peut être amenée à communiquer, on propose, relativement à la figure 3, un autre exemple de couplage d'un équipement TCAS avec un calculateur FMS en vue de réaliser une fonction de détection de conflit et d'anticollision, l'un et l'autre étant toujours considérés comme des objets au sens de la programmation objet. Dans cette autre forme de couplage, les interfaces orientées objet 1 ,2 et 3,4 de l'équipement TCAS et du calculateur FMS ne sont plus mises en relation directe mais par l'intermédiaire d'un autre objet 9, toujours au sens de la programmation orientée objet, dit objet adaptateur, effectuant les adaptations nécessitées par les éventuelles différences de protocole des messages et événements.Direct coupling requires designing an object-oriented interface not only as a function of the equipment to be modeled as an object in the sense of object-oriented programming but also as a function of the object-oriented interfaces of the equipment with which it can be brought to be Related. This constraint implies calling into question the object-oriented interfaces of the equipment of an avionics system each time new equipment is added or each modification of the protocol messages accepted by an object-oriented interface or the events it emits. Such questioning is undesirable since it requires the resumption of the certification procedures for all the modified object-oriented interfaces. To avoid having to take into account, when designing an object-oriented interface, the characteristics of the other object-oriented interfaces with which it may have to communicate, another example of coupling is proposed, in relation to FIG. 3. TCAS equipment with an FMS computer in order to perform a conflict detection and anti-collision detection function, both of which are always considered as objects within the meaning of object programming. In this other form of coupling, the object-oriented interfaces 1, 2 and 3.4 of the TCAS equipment and the FMS computer are no longer put in direct relation but through another object 9, always in the sense of object-oriented programming, called adapter object, carrying out the adaptations required by any differences in the protocol of messages and events.
Sur la figure 3, on retrouve l'interface orientée objet 1 , 2 de l'équipement TCAS et l'interface orientée objet 3, 4 du calculateur FMS. Celles-ci s'ignorent tout en ayant connaissance d'un ensemble de services accessibles. A chaque expression d'un besoin de service de la part de l'autre équipement, un objet adaptateur 9 spécifique est créé pour les mettre en relation et assurer les conversions de protocole nécessaires.In FIG. 3, we find the object-oriented interface 1, 2 of the TCAS equipment and the object-oriented interface 3, 4 of the FMS computer. They ignore each other while being aware of a set of accessible services. Each time a need for service is expressed by the other equipment, a specific adapter object 9 is created to link them and ensure the necessary protocol conversions.
L'objet adaptateur 9 est relié, dans les deux sens par des liaisons de transmission 100, 101 à l'interface objet 1 , 2 de l'équipement TCAS et à l'interface objet 3, 4 du calculateur FMS. Il est abonné en tant que client à ces deux interfaces objet 1 , 2 et 3, 4 au moyen de liens "est un" 103, 104.The adapter object 9 is connected, in both directions by transmission links 100, 101 to the object interface 1, 2 of the TCAS equipment and to the object interface 3, 4 of the FMS computer. It is subscribed as a client to these two object interfaces 1, 2 and 3, 4 by means of links "is a" 103, 104.
Un autre objet 15 dit de configuration, qui connaît tous les objets et tous les services, s'occupe de créer les objets adaptateurs 9 en fonction des besoins d'interconnexion. Aucun savoir-faire applicatif (autre que protocolaire) n'est intégré dans les objets adaptateurs 9.Another so-called configuration object 15, which knows all the objects and all the services, takes care of creating the adapter objects 9 according to the interconnection needs. No application know-how (other than protocol) is integrated into the adapter objects 9.
L'expérience montre que les temps de calcul associés à ces formatages sont faibles par rapport aux temps de traitement pris par les services rendus. Le coût de développement de ces objets adaptateurs est, a priori, faible puisqu'il ne s'agit que de formatage de données. L'intérêt majeur des objets adaptateurs 9 est le faible couplage entre modèles objets qu'ils autorisent. Ce faible couplage permet, de cantonner l'essentiel des conséquences de l'insertion d'un nouvel équipement dans un système avionique, à la création de nouveaux objets adaptateurs, les équipements préexistants subissant éventuellement une mise à jour de leur base de connaissance des services rendus pour y intégrer des services rendus par le nouvel équipement et des événements qu'il est susceptible de produire.Experience shows that the computation times associated with these formattings are low compared to the processing times taken by the services rendered. The development cost of these adapter objects is, a priori, low since it is only a question of formatting data. The major interest of adapter objects 9 is the weak coupling between object models that they allow. This weak coupling makes it possible to confine most of the consequences of the insertion of new equipment into an avionic system, to the creation of new adapter objects, the pre-existing equipment possibly undergoing an update of their knowledge base of services. rendered to integrate services rendered by the new equipment and events it is likely to produce.
Les interfaces orientées objet 1 , 2 ; 3,4 et les objets adaptateurs 9 respectent avantageusement une norme ou protocole d'applications distribuées hétérogènes comme la norme CORBA établie par T'Object Management Group" ou le protocole Java Remote Method Invocation établi par la société Sun Microsystem, Java étant une marque déposée par cette dernière société ou encore le protocole Simple Object Access Protocol établi par le "World Wide Web Consortium".Object-oriented interfaces 1, 2; 3,4 and the adapter objects 9 advantageously comply with a standard or protocol for heterogeneous distributed applications such as the CORBA standard established by T'Object Management Group "or the Java Remote Method Invocation protocol established by the company Sun Microsystem, Java being a registered trademark by the latter company or the Simple Object Access Protocol established by the "World Wide Web Consortium".
Une interface orientée objet d'un équipement, qui permet le passage entre le monde non-orienté objet d'un équipement et le monde orienté objet du système de mise en réseau est une machine logique qui peut être réalisée en logique combinatoire ou séquentielle, soit à l'aide de circuits spécialisés montés sur une carte électronique fille placée dans le boîtier de l'équipement modélise et raccordée aux bus propriétaires de ce dernier, soit en utilisant du temps de calcul d'un calculateur appartenant à l'équipement modélise. Dans les deux cas, l'ajout d'une l'interface orientée objet porte atteinte à l'intégrité d'un équipement qui doit subir de nouveaux tests pour conserver sa certification. Ces deux manières de faire ne sont bien adaptées qu'à un nouvel équipement conçu, dès l'origine avec une interface orientée objet. Pour les équipements déjà présents dans le système avionique elles posent toujours le problème de la recertification même si celui-ci est atténué par le fait que la structure de l'équipement n'est pas touchée.An object-oriented interface of an item of equipment, which allows the passage between the non-object-oriented world of an item of equipment and the object-oriented world of the networking system, is a logic machine which can be carried out in combinatorial or sequential logic, ie using specialized circuits mounted on a daughter electronic card placed in the housing of the modeled equipment and connected to the proprietary buses of the latter, or by using the computing time of a computer belonging to the modeled equipment. In both cases, the addition of an object-oriented interface compromises the integrity of equipment which must undergo new tests to maintain its certification. These two ways of doing things are only well suited to new equipment designed from the outset with an object-oriented interface. For equipment already present in the avionics system, it still poses the problem of recertification even if it is mitigated by the fact that the structure of the equipment is not affected.
La figure 4 montre une autre façon d'ajouter une interface orientée objet à un équipement embarqué à bord d'un aéronef, lorsque celui-ci est raccordé à un bus aéronautique dédié de transmission de données comme c'est le cas par exemple du modèle d'avion commercial Boeing 777 fabriqué par la compagnie Boeing ou du futur modèle d'avion commercial A 380 en voie de construction par la compagnie Airbus.FIG. 4 shows another way of adding an object-oriented interface to on-board equipment on board an aircraft, when the latter is connected to a dedicated aeronautical data transmission bus as is the case for example of the model Boeing 777 commercial aircraft manufactured by the company Boeing or the future model of commercial aircraft A 380 under construction by the company Airbus.
L'équipement concerné est un calculateur FMS représenté par son interface d'accès 50 à un bus aéronautique dédié 51. Son interface orientée objet avec sa façade objet 52 et ses moyens observateurs 53 lui est raccordée par l'intermédiaire du bus aéronautique dédié 51 et de son interface 50 d'accès au bus.The equipment concerned is an FMS computer represented by its access interface 50 to a dedicated aeronautical bus 51. Its object-oriented interface with its object facade 52 and its observer means 53 is connected to it via the dedicated aeronautical bus 51 and of its bus access interface 50.
La connexion au calculateur FMS, de son l'interface orientée objet 52, 53 par l'intermédiaire du bus aéronautique dédié 51 et de son interface d'accès 50 à ce bus aéronautique dédié 51 est rendue possible par le fait que l'interface d'accès 50 est une machine logique prévue pour permettre au système avionique d'avoir accès à l'ensemble des services que le calculateur FMS est capable de rendre (paramètres précédés de flèches entrantes indexés par 500) et des événements susceptibles d'être produits par le calculateur FMS et de son état (paramètres suivis de flèches sortantes indexés par 501).The connection to the FMS computer, of its object-oriented interface 52, 53 via the dedicated aeronautical bus 51 and of its access interface 50 to this dedicated aeronautical bus 51 is made possible by the fact that the interface d 'access 50 is a logical machine designed to allow the avionics system to have access to all of the services that the FMS computer is capable of rendering (parameters preceded by incoming arrows indexed by 500) and events likely to be produced by the FMS computer and its state (parameters followed by outgoing arrows indexed by 501).
Ce mode de raccordement rend possible un respect complet de l'intégrité du calculateur FMS et donc de sa certification, si l'on accepte de ne pas faire bénéficier le calculateur FMS des services de l'équipement TCAS ajouté. Dans ce cas, le calculateur FMS est uniquement vu par l'équipement TCAS comme un serveur éventuel mais jamais comme un client.This connection mode makes it possible to fully respect the integrity of the FMS computer and therefore its certification, if we agree not to provide the FMS computer with the services of the added TCAS equipment. In this case, the FMS computer is only seen by the TCAS equipment as a possible server but never as a client.
La figure 5 illustre un exemple de couplage, du genre de celui de la figure 3, entre un équipement TCAS nouvellement ajouté à un système avionique et un calculateur FMS préexistant, accessible dans le système avionique par un bus aéronautique dédié, en vue de réaliser une fonction de détection de conflit et d'anticollision avion, sans toucher à l'intégrité du calculateur FMS pour conserver sa certification.FIG. 5 illustrates an example of coupling, of the kind of that of FIG. 3, between a TCAS equipment newly added to an avionics system and a pre-existing FMS computer, accessible in the avionics system by a dedicated aeronautical bus, in order to perform a aircraft conflict detection and anti-collision function, without affecting the integrity of the FMS computer to maintain its certification.
Comme dans la figure précédente, le calculateur FMS est pourvu d'une interface orientée objet, avec une façade objet 52 et des moyens observateurs 53, qui lui est raccordée par l'intermédiaire du bus aéronautique dédié 51 et de son interface 50 d'accès au bus. L'équipement TCAS, qui est nouvellement rajouté au système avionique, est doté en interne d'une interface orientée objet avec une façade objet 1 et des moyens observateurs 2. L'équipement TCAS et le calculateur FMS communiquent entre eux par l'intermédiaire de leurs interfaces orientées objet 1 , 2 et 52, 53 mises en relation par un objet adaptateur 9' et des liaisons de transmission 102, 103 créés chaque fois que le besoin s'en fait sentir par un objet de configuration 15".As in the previous figure, the FMS computer is provided with an object-oriented interface, with an object front 52 and observer means 53, which is connected to it via the dedicated aeronautical bus 51 and its access interface 50 to the bus. The TCAS equipment, which is newly added to the avionics system, is internally provided with an object-oriented interface with an object frontage 1 and observer means 2. The TCAS equipment and the FMS computer communicate with each other via their object-oriented interfaces 1, 2 and 52, 53 linked by an adapter object 9 'and transmission links 102, 103 created each time the need arises by a configuration object 15 ".
Dans le cas considéré ici du respect total de l'intégrité du calculateur FMS préexistant du système avionique, un objet adaptateur 9' de mise en relation de l'équipement TCAS et du calculateur FMS est uniquement abonné au calculateur FMS puisque ce dernier n'a pas été conçu à l'origine pour bénéficier des services rendus par l'équipement TCAS et que l'on ne veut pas toucher à son intégrité. Cela n'empêche pas une mise à niveau ultérieure du calculateur FMS, au prix d'une recertification et de l'utilisation d'objets adaptateurs abonnés à la fois au calculateur FMS et à l'équipement TCAS.In the case considered here of total respect for the integrity of the pre-existing FMS computer of the avionic system, an adapter object 9 ′ for linking the TCAS equipment and the FMS computer is only subscribed to the FMS computer since the latter does not have not originally designed to benefit from the services rendered by TCAS equipment and that one does not want to touch its integrity. This does not prevent a subsequent upgrade of the FMS computer, at the cost of recertification and the use of adapter objects subscribed to both the FMS computer and the TCAS equipment.
Les liaisons de transmission 102, 103 entre interfaces orientées objet 1 , 2 ; 52, 53 et objet adaptateur 9' peuvent emprunter le bus aéronautique dédié, les données échangées entre eux mettant en oeuvre une surcouche de protocole avantageusement du genre protocole d'applications distribuées hétérogènes comme la norme CORBA établie par PObject Management Group" ou le protocole Java Remote Method Invocation établi par la société Sun Microsystem, Java étant une marque déposée par cette dernière société ou encore le protocole Simple Object Access Protocol établi par le "World Wide Web Consortium". The transmission links 102, 103 between object-oriented interfaces 1, 2; 52, 53 and 9 ′ adapter object can take the dedicated aeronautical bus, the data exchanged between them implementing a protocol overlay advantageously of the heterogeneous distributed application protocol type like the CORBA standard established by PObject Management Group "or the Java protocol Remote Method Invocation established by the company Sun Microsystem, Java being a trademark registered by the latter company or the Simple Object Access Protocol established by the "World Wide Web Consortium".

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Système de mise en réseau d'équipements aéronautiques embarqués à bord d'un aérodyne caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte, pour chaque équipement, une interface orientée objet (1 , 2; 3, 4) avec des moyens dits façade objet (1 , 3), lui permettant d'appréhender l'équipement embarqué auquel elle est affectée, en tant qu'un objet, au sens de la programmation orientée objet, capable de communiquer avec d'autres objets au sens de la programmation orientée objet selon un modèle client/serveur orienté objet et avec des moyens dits observateurs (2, 4) recensant les événements résultants du fonctionnement de l'équipement.1. Networking system for aeronautical equipment on board an aerodyne, characterized in that it includes, for each item of equipment, an object-oriented interface (1, 2; 3, 4) with means called object front ( 1, 3), allowing it to understand the on-board equipment to which it is assigned, as an object, in the sense of object-oriented programming, capable of communicating with other objects in the sense of object-oriented programming according to an object-oriented client / server model with so-called observer means (2, 4) listing the events resulting from the operation of the equipment.
2. Système selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que une interface orientée objet (1 , 2 ; 3, 4) comporte une façade objet (1 , 3) pourvue de services de communication par abonnement.2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that an object-oriented interface (1, 2; 3, 4) has an object front (1, 3) provided with subscription communication services.
3. Système selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que les interfaces orientées objet (1 , 2 ; 3, 4 ; 52, 53) respectent un protocole d'applications distribuées hétérogènes3. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the object-oriented interfaces (1, 2; 3, 4; 52, 53) comply with a heterogeneous distributed application protocol
4. Système selon la revendication 1.caractérisé en ce que les interfaces orientées objet (1 , 2 ; 3, 4 ; 52, 53) respectent la norme CORBA établie par l'Object Management Group".4. The system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the object-oriented interfaces (1, 2; 3, 4; 52, 53) comply with the CORBA standard established by the Object Management Group ".
5. Système selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que les interfaces orientées objet (1 , 2 ; 3, 4 ; 52, 53) respectent le protocole Java Remote Method Invocation établi par la société Sun Microsystem, Java étant une marque déposée par cette dernière société.5. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the object-oriented interfaces (1, 2; 3, 4; 52, 53) comply with the Java Remote Method Invocation protocol established by the company Sun Microsystem, Java being a trademark registered by this last company.
6. Système selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que les interfaces orientées objet (1 , 2 ; 3, 4 ; 52, 53) respectent le protocole Simple Object Access Protocol établi par le "World Wide Web Consortium".6. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the object-oriented interfaces (1, 2; 3, 4; 52, 53) comply with the Simple Object Access Protocol established by the "World Wide Web Consortium".
7. Système selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que les interfaces orientées objet (1 , 2 ; 3, 4) communiquent entre elles par l'intermédiaire d'un objet au sens de la programmation orientée objet, dit objet adaptateur (9, 9'), pourvu moyens d'adaptation de la forme des messages et événements émis par les interfaces orientées objet pour qu'ils soient compris de l'interface orientée objet destinataire.7. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the object-oriented interfaces (1, 2; 3, 4) communicate with each other by through an object in the sense of object-oriented programming, known as an adapter object (9, 9 '), provided with means for adapting the form of the messages and events sent by the object-oriented interfaces so that they are understood from the recipient object oriented interface.
8. Système selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un objet de configuration (15, 15') connaissant tous les objets, au sens de la programmation orientée objet, du réseau et tous les services et s'occupant de la création des objets adaptateurs (9, 9').8. System according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises a configuration object (15, 15 ') knowing all the objects, in the sense of object-oriented programming, of the network and all the services and taking care of the creation of adapter objects (9, 9 ').
9. Système selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'un objet adaptateur (9, 9') respecte la norme CORBA établie par T'Object Management Group".9. System according to claim 7, characterized in that an adapter object (9, 9 ') complies with the CORBA standard established by T'Object Management Group ".
10. Système selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'un objet adaptateur (9, 9') respecte le protocole Java Remote Method Invocation établi par la société Sun Microsystem, Java étant une marque déposée par cette dernière société.10. System according to claim 7, characterized in that an adapter object (9, 9 ') respects the Java Remote Method Invocation protocol established by the company Sun Microsystem, Java being a trademark registered by the latter company.
11. Système selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'un objet adaptateur (9, 9') respecte le protocole Simple Object Access Protocol établi par le "World Wide Web Consortium".11. System according to claim 7, characterized in that an adapter object (9, 9 ') respects the Simple Object Access Protocol established by the "World Wide Web Consortium".
12. Système selon la revendication 1 , utilisé dans un système avionique comportant un bus aéronautique dédié (51), caractérisé en ce que des interfaces orientées objet (52, 53) sont raccordées à leurs équipements d'affectation par l'intermédiaire du bus aéronautique dédié (51).12. The system as claimed in claim 1, used in an avionics system comprising a dedicated aeronautical bus (51), characterized in that object-oriented interfaces (52, 53) are connected to their assignment equipment via the aeronautical bus dedicated (51).
13. Système selon la revendication 1 , utilisé dans un système avionique comportant un bus aéronautique dédié (51), caractérisé en ce que les interfaces orientées objet (1 , 2 ; 52, 53) communiquent entre elles par l'intermédiaire du bus aéronautique dédié (51). 13. The system as claimed in claim 1, used in an avionics system comprising a dedicated aeronautical bus (51), characterized in that the object-oriented interfaces (1, 2; 52, 53) communicate with each other via the dedicated aeronautical bus (51).
14. Système selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce qu'un des équipements aéronautiques est un équipement anticollision avion TCAS et un autre équipement aéronautique, un calculateur de vol FMS. 14. System according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the aeronautical equipment is an anti-collision aircraft TCAS equipment and another aeronautical equipment, an FMS flight computer.
EP03750782A 2002-07-05 2003-06-27 Object-oriented networking system for onboard aeronautical equipment items Withdrawn EP1520229A2 (en)

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FR0208469 2002-07-05
FR0208469A FR2841999B1 (en) 2002-07-05 2002-07-05 OBJECT-ORIENTED NETWORKING SYSTEM OF ON-BOARD AERONAUTICAL EQUIPMENT
PCT/FR2003/001999 WO2004006096A2 (en) 2002-07-05 2003-06-27 Object-oriented networking system for onboard aeronautical equipment items

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