EP1514324A1 - Verfahren und eine anordnung zur erzeugung elektrischer energie mit wenigstens einer brennstoffzelle - Google Patents
Verfahren und eine anordnung zur erzeugung elektrischer energie mit wenigstens einer brennstoffzelleInfo
- Publication number
- EP1514324A1 EP1514324A1 EP03725060A EP03725060A EP1514324A1 EP 1514324 A1 EP1514324 A1 EP 1514324A1 EP 03725060 A EP03725060 A EP 03725060A EP 03725060 A EP03725060 A EP 03725060A EP 1514324 A1 EP1514324 A1 EP 1514324A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- membrane
- membrane unit
- arrangement
- unit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an arrangement for generating electrical energy with at least one fuel cell, which has a membrane unit for indirect or direct separation and / or for the transport of charge carriers and / or reaction gases, an anode on one side of a polymer belonging to the membrane unit. Gaseous fuel membrane and a cathode on the other side of the polymer membrane, an oxidizing gas can be supplied and gaseous reaction products can be removed.
- a drive unit in a vehicle which has an electric drive motor, a fuel cell and a fuel tank, a water reservoir, an evaporator and a reformer.
- the fuel tank contains methanol, which is converted into the gaseous state with water from the water storage in the evaporator and then sent to the reformer, in which essentially hydrogen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are formed by supplying heat by means of a catalytic burner.
- the carbon monoxide can be oxidized with an oxidizer.
- the hydrogen-containing fuel gas from the reformer is fed to the fuel cell by means of a compressor, which consists of a fuel cell stack in which a large number of individual fuel cell modules are integrated. Humidified air is supplied to the fuel cell with another compressor. In the fuel cell, the hydrogen and oxygen become the Air generates electrical energy for the electric drive motor. (DE 44 12 450 AI)
- a fuel cell with convection-driven mass transfer is also known (DE 196 42 754 (2)).
- the fuel cell consists of a stack of fuel cell modules.
- the stack has an elongated shape with a ratio of width to height of approximately 1: 5 and is arranged in a circuit for the circulation of fuel.
- the circuit has a lower and an upper reversal point.
- the fuel flows in the circuit outside the fuel cell to the lower turning point and from there into the fuel cell, in which it is heated and therefore rises. Unused fuel rises to the upper turning point and then reaches a circuit section provided with cooling fins, where it cools down and therefore flows back to the lower turning point under the influence of gravity.
- This fuel cell increases the efficiency due to the way it works without pumps and compressors.
- the invention is based on the problem of specifying a method and an arrangement for generating electrical energy with a fuel cell, with which, during operation of the fuel cell in its membrane unit, more uniform conditions can be achieved for the separation of the reaction gases, the charge carrier transport and the removal of the reaction products.
- the problem is solved according to the invention in a method of the type described in the introduction in that the membrane unit is held during operation of the fuel cell in a position which has an angle of inclination of 45 ° or a smaller angle of inclination with respect to the horizontal.
- a horizontal plane is to be understood here as being perpendicular to the direction of gravity.
- the membrane unit is to be understood as the component of a fuel cell that is used directly or indirectly to separate and / or transport charge carriers and / or reaction gasses.
- the polymer membrane here means the polymer membrane of a fuel cell module as well as the entirety of the polymer membranes of the fuel cell modules, which, for. B. are connected in series in a stack.
- the membrane unit is arranged in a plane which is at right angles to the direction of gravity. With such an alignment, particularly good conditions in the polymer membrane with respect to the moisture or electrolyte distribution are achieved.
- a membrane unit of the fuel cell is connected to a support in such a way that it has an inclination angle of 45 ° or a smaller inclination angle with respect to the horizontal.
- the membrane unit of the fuel cell in a road vehicle for the transportation of people and / or goods is arranged along at least one plane which is oriented in the horizontal vehicle position at a right angle of almost a right angle to the direction of gravity.
- Road vehicles are usually not approved for driving on roads with gradients of up to 45 °, which means that the fuel cell usually has a substantially smaller angle of inclination than 45 ° compared to the horizontal. A uniform moisture and electrolyte distribution is therefore almost always present in the membrane unit.
- FIG. 1 shows a diaphragm unit of a fuel cell schematically, partly in perspective and in section
- Fig. 2 shows schematically a vehicle with an electric drive and a fuel cell for generating the drive energy.
- a membrane unit 1 of a fuel cell module is shown schematically, partly in perspective and in section.
- An electrolyte membrane 2 is connected on one side to a cathode 3 which is gas permeable.
- the membrane 2 is connected to a gas-permeable anode 4.
- the cathode 3 and the anode 4 can each consist of a carbon fabric.
- a gas-impermeable plate 5 adjoins the cathode 3 and has a series of ribs on its side facing the cathode 3
- a gas-impermeable plate 8 Adjacent to the anode 4 is a gas-impermeable plate 8 which has ribs 9 which are arranged at the same distance from one another. are arranged. The ribs 8 touch the anode 4 and form with this channels 10, in which gaseous fuel, for. B. a hydrogen-containing gas, the anode 4 is supplied.
- the plates 5, 8 can have ribs on both sides and can thus be designed for the supply of fuel gases and oxidizing gases to the adjacent cells.
- the electrolyte membrane 2 is a proton-conducting ion exchange membrane made of a polymer material, for. B. fluororesin, with very good electrical conductivity when wet.
- the surface of the membrane 2 is covered with a catalyst.
- the electrolyte membrane 2, the operation of the fuel cell is moistened by the water of reaction and the moisture of the reaction gases.
- the membrane unit 1 is held in a position which is perpendicular to the direction of gravity or is at least inclined at an angle of less than 45 ° to the direction of gravity.
- the horizontal arrangement of the membrane unit 1 described above with respect to gravity, whereby horizontal also means the inclination of less than 45 °, has the further advantage that the removal of the water vapor generated during the reaction and thus the dehumidification of the polymer membrane 2 is favored.
- FIG. 2 shows schematically a side view of an electric vehicle 12 for the person requirement.
- An electric motor 13 is provided on the front axle for driving the electric vehicle 12.
- a fuel cell system 14 is provided which, in a manner known per se, has a fuel tank, a water reservoir, an evaporator, a reformer and a fuel cell 15 which contains fuel cell modules with membrane units 1.
- the fuel cell modules 15 are arranged in the electric vehicle 12 on a support such that the membrane units 1 extend along planes which, when the electric vehicle 12 is in a horizontal position, form a right angle with the direction of gravity, which is shown in FIG. 2 by a symbolic arrow 16 is shown.
- Vehicles for the transport of people and / or goods are usually intended for operation with a limited incline of e.g. B. less than 20 °.
- the arrangement of the membrane units 1 shown in FIG. 2 parallel to the floor part of the vehicle or to a horizontal roadway has the advantage that there is essentially no high-level moisture distribution. Both the moistening of the polymer membranes 2 and the dehumidification due to the reaction gases generated during operation of the fuel cell are therefore almost uniform over the polymer membrane area.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10226689 | 2002-06-15 | ||
| DE10226689A DE10226689A1 (de) | 2002-06-15 | 2002-06-15 | Verfahren und eine Anordnung zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie mit wenigstens einer Brennstoffzelle |
| PCT/EP2003/004104 WO2003107467A1 (de) | 2002-06-15 | 2003-04-19 | Verfahren und eine anordnung zur erzeugung elektrischer energie mit wenigstens einer brennstoffzelle |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1514324A1 true EP1514324A1 (de) | 2005-03-16 |
Family
ID=29719099
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03725060A Withdrawn EP1514324A1 (de) | 2002-06-15 | 2003-04-19 | Verfahren und eine anordnung zur erzeugung elektrischer energie mit wenigstens einer brennstoffzelle |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060166049A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1514324A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2005536833A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10226689A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2003107467A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3337444A (en) * | 1962-12-28 | 1967-08-22 | Meyers Laurence | Ion exchange apparatus for the modification of liquids |
| US5804326A (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-09-08 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Integrated reactant and coolant fluid flow field layer for an electrochemical fuel cell |
| US5858569A (en) * | 1997-03-21 | 1999-01-12 | Plug Power L.L.C. | Low cost fuel cell stack design |
| US6686079B2 (en) * | 2000-05-17 | 2004-02-03 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Fuel cell for downhole power systems |
-
2002
- 2002-06-15 DE DE10226689A patent/DE10226689A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2003
- 2003-04-19 JP JP2004514172A patent/JP2005536833A/ja active Pending
- 2003-04-19 EP EP03725060A patent/EP1514324A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-04-19 US US10/517,822 patent/US20060166049A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-04-19 WO PCT/EP2003/004104 patent/WO2003107467A1/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO03107467A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2003107467A1 (de) | 2003-12-24 |
| US20060166049A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
| JP2005536833A (ja) | 2005-12-02 |
| DE10226689A1 (de) | 2004-01-08 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20041215 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
| RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT |
|
| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: SCHROETER, DIRK |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: DAIMLERCHRYSLER AG |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: DAIMLER AG |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20091103 |