EP1511266A1 - System und Verfahren zur Anpassung der Visualisierung gemeinsamer benutzter Daten von WAP-Endgeräten - Google Patents

System und Verfahren zur Anpassung der Visualisierung gemeinsamer benutzter Daten von WAP-Endgeräten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1511266A1
EP1511266A1 EP03292117A EP03292117A EP1511266A1 EP 1511266 A1 EP1511266 A1 EP 1511266A1 EP 03292117 A EP03292117 A EP 03292117A EP 03292117 A EP03292117 A EP 03292117A EP 1511266 A1 EP1511266 A1 EP 1511266A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
data
server
wap
terminal
request
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03292117A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Thomas Vergouwen
Laurent Leprince
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Orange SA
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France Telecom SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by France Telecom SA filed Critical France Telecom SA
Priority to EP03292117A priority Critical patent/EP1511266A1/de
Publication of EP1511266A1 publication Critical patent/EP1511266A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01Protocols
    • H04L67/04Protocols specially adapted for terminals or networks with limited capabilities; specially adapted for terminal portability
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L51/00User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail
    • H04L51/06Message adaptation to terminal or network requirements
    • H04L51/066Format adaptation, e.g. format conversion or compression
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L51/00User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail
    • H04L51/58Message adaptation for wireless communication
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50Network services
    • H04L67/55Push-based network services
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02Details
    • H04L12/16Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • H04L12/18Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
    • H04L12/1859Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast adapted to provide push services, e.g. data channels
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/30Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
    • H04L69/32Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
    • H04L69/322Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
    • H04L69/329Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the application layer [OSI layer 7]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system and method of adaptation data displayed in shared mode from a WAP terminal (Wireless Application Protocol).
  • the invention applies more particularly to remote sharing between at least one first WAP terminal, displaying at least one datum, and least a second WAP terminal.
  • WAP Wireless Application Protocol
  • WAP Wireless Application Protocol
  • Said WAP protocol is standardized by the WAP standardization body, OMA (Open Mobile Alliance).
  • a data broadcast server of a communication network by example, the Internet provides data to a WAP terminal when it establishes a connection to said data broadcast server.
  • Data sharing allows multiple people to collaborate together.
  • the data to be shared can be very diverse in nature, example a blank page, a document incorporating an image, a photo or a plan, a website on the Internet, a video or audio file, etc.
  • said systems are reserved for terminals to large memory and processing capacity, computer terminals personal computer or PC (personal computer) or personal assistant type digital or PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), connected to networks of broadband telecommunications such as networks of fixed telecommunications.
  • PC personal computer
  • PDA Personal Digital Assistant
  • some data providers anticipate an adaptation of data broadcast to the destination terminal, connected to a data dissemination.
  • the data broadcast server allows a color display of the data transmitted when the terminal is equipped with a display means compatible with the color.
  • This adaptation data is performed at the data broadcast server. Said adaptation is carried out thanks to the parameters transmitted by the terminal recipient when requesting the broadcast of data to said server of data dissemination. Said adaptation is possible thanks to the connection established between said data broadcast server and the single terminal recipient.
  • a data sharing server serves as an intermediary between a first WAP terminal, which wishes to share a data, and at least a second WAP terminal. Said data sharing server performs the management of the remote sharing of data between said first and second terminals WAP.
  • the data sharing server receives requests from WAP terminals, analyzes them and sends them back to a broadcast server. data after identification of said WAP terminals.
  • the sharing server data dialog with an automatic broadcast server in mode "push" to control the broadcasting of said data.
  • the data sharing server receives the data from of said data broadcast server, make as many copies of said data only from second remote WAP terminals and transmits said data to said first and second WAP terminals for consultation simultaneously.
  • EP 02 291 486 only shows the visualization in shared mode of at least one data item on said first and second WAP terminals.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the object of this invention is to propose a system and a method of adaptation of at least data displayed in shared mode between at least a first terminal WAP and at least one second WAP terminal, implementing at least an automatic broadcast function in "push" mode, which would allow to overcome the disadvantages of existing systems by adapting the data to said first and second WAP terminals.
  • the solution to the technical problem consists, according to the present in that said system comprises at least one sharing server of data capable of transmitting, to at least one broadcast server of data, at least one data request adapted to the audit first or second WAP terminal.
  • the data sharing server serves as an intermediary between said first and second WAP terminals and realizes the management of a sharing of data. It stores all the information relating to the sharing of said data.
  • said data sharing server When the user of said first WAP terminal activates a request of sharing data with at least one second WAP terminal, said data sharing server receives and analyzes requests from participants in said data sharing. After analysis, the server data sharing transmits to at least one broadcast server of data a number of requests for broadcasting said data to be shared equal to the number of WAP terminals participating in said data sharing.
  • Said data sharing server adapts each request for dissemination of data according to the capabilities of each of the first and second WAP terminals. This adaptation of each broadcast request of data allows the dissemination of data adapted to each of said first and second WAP terminals.
  • said data broadcast request includes at least one parameter representing at least one characteristic of said first or second WAP terminal to adapt said data to share.
  • Parameters representing a technical characteristic allow an adaptation of said data to the capabilities of each participating terminal sharing data.
  • the size of a transmitted image can be adapted to that the existing screen on the terminal concerned or, if the WAP terminal is a PC, the image supported by the screen may be of better quality than that transmitted to a WAP mobile phone, or the format of the data accepted by the terminal file reader, a WML format (Wireless Markup Language) or an HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) format, etc ...
  • WML format Wireless Markup Language
  • HTML Hyper Text Markup Language
  • said data broadcast request includes at least one parameter representing at least one identification said first or second WAP terminal to customize said data to share.
  • the adaptation may be a function of the identity of the user of said first or said second WAP terminal, so as to customize said data or in order to achieve a unique identification to give access said shared data to the terminals participating in the data sharing.
  • the broadcast server of data can, for example, modify information corresponding to the interests of some users to personalize the data.
  • the different users being recognized by at least one parameter some of them may, for example, have access to some data, to which other participants in the data sharing do not have access.
  • the identification will either adapt the data according to identification, to give access to said data to all participants.
  • said data sharing server transmits to said data broadcast server at least one adapted request of data broadcast for each first and second WAP terminal.
  • the adaptation of the data is carried out "terminal by terminal” thanks to a request for data distribution adapted to each of the first and second WAP terminals.
  • the data sharing server transmits to the server of data broadcast a different broadcast request for each WAP terminal and adapted to each of said WAP terminals by means of parameters included in said broadcast request.
  • the invention allows the adaptation of a visualized data when sharing data and allows the compatibility of said data which whatever the different WAP terminals of different nature, indifferently fixed or mobile.
  • said data broadcast request is controlled automatically and only to said first and second terminals participating in the shared mode.
  • the solicitation of the terminals is carried out centrally by said data sharing server. As a result, are only requested that the terminals participating in the said sharing of data and stored by the data sharing server.
  • the server for automatic broadcast of messages in "push" mode allows the sending of a message without intervention or request of the recipient said message. Messages and requests are thus transmitted automatically and only to said first and second WAP terminals.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating a system and a method adaptation of at least one data displayed in shared mode in accordance with the invention.
  • the user of a first WAP terminal 10 is already in communication with distance with the user of a second terminal WAP 10 '. Communication can also be established remotely with several interlocutors, in addition said first and second WAP terminals 10, 10 '.
  • the subject of the invention applies to any type of terminal equipped with a WAP browser, compatible with the wireless application protocol, called WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) said terminal 10, 10 'is a fixed or mobile terminal, called UE (User Equipment) in Figure 1.
  • WAP Wireless Application Protocol
  • said terminal 10, 10 ' is a fixed or mobile terminal, called UE (User Equipment) in Figure 1.
  • Said communication between the different distant interlocutors can be a voice communication or a videocommunication, established by through a wired fixed telecommunications network or by via a cellular telecommunications network for mobiles.
  • Said communication between the different distant interlocutors can also be a written communication, so as to allow a exchange in real time or in near real time.
  • Said written communication is, for example, a communication by an electronic mail or well by an instant messaging type "chat" or "instant messaging”.
  • the user of said first WAP 10 terminal wishes to share data with at least a second WAP terminal 10 '.
  • This data sharing is implemented as described in EP 02 291 486.
  • the user of said first WAP terminal 10 opens a WAP browser, which allows it to query a broadcast server 12 of data to receive data, that said user wishes to view in shared mode.
  • the data broadcast server 12 is located in any type of communication network, for example the Internet or a network intranet corporate communication intranet, which includes at least one data broadcast server.
  • the connection between said first terminal WAP 10 and the data broadcast server 12 is established by the intermediary of the said telecommunications network, whether fixed or which is connected to said first WAP terminal 10.
  • the user of said first WAP terminal 10 activates a request for data sharing.
  • the data to be shared can be of any kind, for example a page in WML (Wireless Markup Language) format Markup for Wireless), content in XML format (eXtensible Markup Language, Advanced Markup Language), a flash image or any other data format.
  • the request for data sharing, from said first terminal WAP 10, is transmitted to a data sharing server 11, which stores said data sharing request.
  • said first WAP terminal 10 sends to said server 11 of data sharing a query, which includes at least one parameter concerning the first WAP terminal 10 and the data sharing (step 1A).
  • Said parameter comprises at least one reference of said datum to share, the identifier of said first WAP terminal 10 (for example, its MSISDN Number, "Mobile Subscriber Integrated Service Digital Number") and to which second WAP terminal 10 'is the data sharing.
  • said data can also be shared with several remote interlocutors, in addition to said first and second WAP terminals 10, 10 ', as indicated in EP 02 291 486.
  • Said parameters also represent at least one technical feature of said first WAP terminal 10, allowing adapting said data to be shared.
  • Said data sharing request may also include at least one parameter representing at least one identification of said first WAP terminal 10 to customize said data to be shared.
  • All the parameters concerning said data sharing are set memory in a database of said data sharing server 11 and referenced by a sharing session, data sharing reference In progress.
  • Said database can be physically included or not in said data sharing server 11.
  • the server 11 of data sharing including a device comprising at least one means to analyze at least one parameter, analyze the different parameters transmitted with the request from said first WAP terminal 10.
  • the parameters, representing a technical characteristic of the first WAP terminal 10, indicate the capabilities of said first WAP terminal 10.
  • the name and version of the WAP browser can be indicated installed on said first WAP terminal 10, called "User Agent” parameter, or the language chosen by the user of the first WAP terminal 10, called “Accept-Language”, or the detailed description of features said first WAP 10 terminal, called the "User Agent Profile", such as that the size or the quality of the image compatible with the screen of said terminal, the ability to display images in color or black and white, or the format or type of data accepted by said terminal, called “MIME type "in the” Accept “parameter, etc.
  • Said parameter, representing the identification of the first WAP terminal 10 may allow an adaptation of said data to be shared according to the identity of the user of said first WAP terminal 10 so as to to personalize said data to be shared or to realize a unique identification to give access to said shared data to terminals participating in data sharing.
  • Said parameters included in the request from said first WAP terminal 10 can be transmitted in different ways. Either the request transmitted included said parameter directly in the URL (Uniform Resource Locator, locator of uniform resources), as for example in a GET request, ie said parameter is included in the message body of the request (for example for a POST request), or said parameter is stored as a cookie in the terminal and transmitted as a cookie in the headers of said request.
  • URL Uniform Resource Locator, locator of uniform resources
  • GET and POST type transmissions can be combined.
  • some of the parameters are transmitted in the URL of the query and the other parameters are transmitted in the body of said request from the first WAP terminal 10.
  • the data sharing server 11 analyzes all the parameters received from the first WAP 10 terminal. Some of these parameters are only relative to the current data sharing (or session of sharing) and relate to said partition server 11. Other parameters do not relate only to the adaptation of the data, such as the characteristics technical data of said terminal and relate to a server 12 for broadcasting data. Some parameters, such as the identity of the terminal, may be common to sharing data and adapting the data to be shared.
  • Data adaptation parameters can be also be stored in said server database 11 sharing of data before the transfer to at least one server 12 of data dissemination.
  • said data sharing server 11 including a device comprising at least one selection means, selects from said received parameters to store or transmit said parameters analyzed.
  • the server 11 for sharing data can compare said received parameters with at least one parameters, stored in said database.
  • the data sharing server 11 including a device comprising at least one means for inserting at least one parameter corresponding to said first WAP terminal 10, inserts at least said parameter representing a technical characteristic of the first terminal WAP 10 in at least one data broadcast request, in addition to parameters corresponding to the broadcast of said data.
  • Said application for data dissemination then includes the parameters necessary to the adaptation of the data to the identity and the technical characteristics of the said first WAP terminal 10.
  • Said data broadcast request is adapted to said first WAP terminal 10.
  • the data broadcast request includes at least a parameter representing a technical characteristic of said first WAP terminal 10.
  • Said data dissemination request includes at least one least one parameter representing an identification of said first terminal WAP 10.
  • Said adapted request for data dissemination is transmitted by the server 11 for sharing data to the data broadcast server 12 corresponding to the data to be shared (step 2A).
  • said parameters are transmitted to the data broadcast server 12 with a POST request, which includes parameters in the URL of said request (type GET).
  • said cookie was stored under the reference of the sharing session and transmitted to said data broadcast server 12.
  • said cookie When at least one cookie is received from a server 12 of dissemination of data, said cookie is also stored in memory under same reference of the sharing session. For any subsequent request in the same sharing session, if useful, said cookies are transmitted to at least a server 12 for broadcasting data.
  • the data broadcast server 12 then transmits the data adapted to said data sharing server 11 (step 3A).
  • the server 11 of data sharing receives said data to be shared, adapted to the identity and the technical characteristics of the first WAP terminal 10, from the server 12 of data broadcast.
  • the adaptation of the data is performed at the level of the server 12 of data dissemination. Said adaptation is carried out thanks to the parameters transmitted when requesting data broadcast to said server 12 of data dissemination.
  • Said data sharing server 11 transmits said data adapted to the first WAP terminal 10 (step 4A).
  • the server 11 sharing data Since he stored the information relating to the said sharing of current data (or sharing session), the server 11 sharing data requests all terminals, and only terminals, participants sharing data.
  • the server 11 sharing of data dialogue with at least one automatic broadcast server 13 push mode for controlling a request to broadcast said data by the second WAP terminal 10 '.
  • the data sharing server 11 commands a request for automatic loading of data to said broadcast server 13 automatically in "push” mode, indicating at least the reference of the said data to be shared and the identifier of said second terminal WAP 10 ' (step 2B).
  • the automatic broadcasting of messages in "push” mode allows the sending a message without intervention, or request of the recipient of said message.
  • Said message transmitted in "push” mode can either contain directly information, or indicate an address with a hypertext link to access to the said information.
  • Said automatic broadcast in "push” mode is standardized by the WAP standardization body, the OMA (Open Mobile Alliance).
  • said automatic broadcast server 13 push mode may include more than one piece of equipment, such as push initiator, push interface equipment, or "Push Proxy" or any other equipment.
  • the automatic push server 13 in push mode sends to said second WAP terminal 10 'a request in "push" mode, which includes minus a request for automatic data loading (step 3B).
  • Said request for automatic loading of data includes also the address of said data sharing server 11, which solicited said automatic broadcast server 13 in "push" mode.
  • Said second WAP terminal 10 ' implementing at least one automatic broadcast function in "push” mode, receives so automatic said request for automatic loading of data, comprising at least said reference of said data to be shared. In a way automatic, said second terminal WAP 10 'sends a response request to the data sharing server 11 (step 4B).
  • the request for response from said second WAP terminal 10 ' comprises at least a parameter concerning the sharing of data (ie the identifier of the second WAP terminal 10 'and at least one reference of the data to be shared), as well as at least one parameter representing a technical characteristic of the second WAP terminal 10 '.
  • Said data dissemination request may also include at least one parameter representing at least one identification of said second WAP terminal 10 'to customize said data to be shared.
  • the server 11 sharing of data identifies said second WAP terminal 10 'concerned by said data to share.
  • the data sharing server 11 stores and analyzes said received parameters from the second WAP terminal 10 ', in the same way as in step 1A concerning the first terminal WAP 10.
  • the server 11 sharing data inserts at least said parameter representing a characteristic of the second WAP terminal 10 'in at least one request for dissemination of data, in addition to the parameters corresponding to the dissemination of said data.
  • Said data dissemination request then comprises the necessary parameters for the adaptation of the data to the identity and technical features of said second WAP terminal 10 '.
  • said data broadcast request is adapted to said second WAP terminal 10 '.
  • the technical characteristics of the first and second terminals WAP 10, 10 ' may be different, depending on the capabilities of different first and second WAP terminals 10, 10 '. Said characteristics techniques are received independently by said partition server 11 of data.
  • Said new adapted application for data dissemination is transmitted by said data sharing server 11 to said server 12 of broadcasting data corresponding to the data to be shared (step 5B).
  • Said data is adapted by the data broadcast server 12 thanks to the parameters included in the new adapted application of data dissemination.
  • the data broadcast server 12 then transmits the data adapted to said data sharing server 11 (step 6B).
  • the server 11 of data sharing receives said data to be shared, adapted to the identity and the technical characteristics of the second WAP terminal 10 ', in from the server 12 of data broadcast.
  • Said data sharing server 11 transmits said data adapted to the second WAP terminal 10 '(step 7B).
  • said data sharing server 11 When implementing data sharing by the first terminal WAP 10, said data sharing server 11 has stored in memory at least the identifier of the second WAP terminal 10 'with which is realized said data sharing or the identifier of all participants auditing data sharing in progress (or sharing session).
  • Said data can be shared with several distant interlocutors, in addition to said first and second WAP terminals 10, 10 '.
  • said data sharing server 11 repeats steps 2B through 7B, such as described above concerning the second WAP terminal 10 '.
  • the process according to the invention is implemented by the server 11 sharing of data as many times as there are WAP devices participating in the sharing of said datum.
  • said data sharing server 11 sends as much of suitable requests for data dissemination that there are terminals WAP participants to share data.
  • Each request to broadcast data is adapted to said first or second WAP terminals 10, 10 ' concerned.
  • the solicitation of the terminals is performed centrally by said server 11 of data sharing. Moreover, are solicited only and so automatically that the participating terminals to said data sharing and stored by the data sharing server 11. Said application for data broadcast is controlled automatically and only to said first and second WAP terminals 10, 10 'participating in data sharing.
  • the automatic broadcast of messages in "push” mode allows the sending a message without intervention, or request of the recipient of said message.
  • Said automatic broadcast in "push” mode is normalized by the organization WAP standardization standard, the OMA (Open Mobile Alliance).
  • the data sharing server 11 transmitted said data to the said second WAP terminals 10 '. Said data is then displayed in shared by said first and second WAP terminals 10, 10 ', which can navigate simultaneously.
  • the server 11 sharing of data stores at least the list of WAP devices participating in the share of data (or sharing session). Therefore, said server 11 of data sharing intermediates between said first and second WAP terminals 10, 10 '. Without the management by the server 11 sharing of data, the said data to be shared would only be suitable for auditing first WAP terminal 10.
  • the data sharing server 11 analyzes at least one parameter in from at least a first or a second WAP terminal 10 or 10 ', inserts said corresponding parameter at said first or said second terminal WAP 10 or 10 'in at least one data broadcast request, transmits said adapted data broadcast request to at least one data broadcast server 12, receives said adapted data audit first or second WAP terminal 10, 10 'from said server 12 of data broadcast, transmits said adapted data to said first or second WAP terminal 10, 10 '.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
EP03292117A 2003-08-27 2003-08-27 System und Verfahren zur Anpassung der Visualisierung gemeinsamer benutzter Daten von WAP-Endgeräten Withdrawn EP1511266A1 (de)

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EP03292117A EP1511266A1 (de) 2003-08-27 2003-08-27 System und Verfahren zur Anpassung der Visualisierung gemeinsamer benutzter Daten von WAP-Endgeräten

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EP03292117A EP1511266A1 (de) 2003-08-27 2003-08-27 System und Verfahren zur Anpassung der Visualisierung gemeinsamer benutzter Daten von WAP-Endgeräten

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101969619A (zh) * 2010-10-28 2011-02-09 深圳市五巨科技有限公司 一种移动终端共享资源的方法及装置

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1372311A1 (de) * 2002-06-14 2003-12-17 France Telecom System und Verfahren zur Datenteilung von einem WAP-Endgerät

Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1372311A1 (de) * 2002-06-14 2003-12-17 France Telecom System und Verfahren zur Datenteilung von einem WAP-Endgerät

Non-Patent Citations (3)

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Title
"Push Access Protocol", WIRELESS APPLICATION PROTOCOL FORUM, 29 April 2001 (2001-04-29), XP002270965, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.wmlclub.com/docs/especwap2.0/WAP-247-PAP-20010429-a.pdf> [retrieved on 20040219] *
"Push Proxy Gateway Service", WIRELESS APPLICATION PROTOCOL FORUM, 13 July 2001 (2001-07-13), XP002270966, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.wmlclub.com/docs/especwap2.0/WAP-249-PPGService-20010713-a.pdf> [retrieved on 20040219] *
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101969619A (zh) * 2010-10-28 2011-02-09 深圳市五巨科技有限公司 一种移动终端共享资源的方法及装置

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