EP1508147B1 - Current collector especially for a regulating transformer - Google Patents

Current collector especially for a regulating transformer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1508147B1
EP1508147B1 EP03732357A EP03732357A EP1508147B1 EP 1508147 B1 EP1508147 B1 EP 1508147B1 EP 03732357 A EP03732357 A EP 03732357A EP 03732357 A EP03732357 A EP 03732357A EP 1508147 B1 EP1508147 B1 EP 1508147B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
contact
current collector
regulating transformer
another
windings
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EP03732357A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1508147A1 (en
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Helmut Flieger
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/06—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with current collector gliding or rolling on or along winding

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a current collector according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a variable transformer with such a current collector.
  • Pantographs are known in various embodiments.
  • variable transformers such as ring or column-type transformers
  • specific problems may arise which result from the fact that the conventional current collectors sometimes bridge two adjacent turns. Since there is a potential difference between the windings, a short-circuit current occurs, which in turn leads to heating and causes damage (burning) of the winding.
  • relatively high-resistance contacts are used, which limit the short-circuit current between the segments (turns).
  • Most are the well-known Contact pieces made of carbon, because only so the comparatively high resistance of> 0.05 ⁇ can be realized. The contact pieces of carbon, however, suffer from heavy abrasion and thus high wear.
  • a contact zone is dimensioned such that it contacts the surface of only one stripped turn.
  • This pair of pantographs is mechanically complex conception, since the individual pantographs must be movable in the vertical direction against each other to overcome the filled with insulating material and sometimes raised intermediate pieces.
  • the current collectors shown there are not practical if the turns have a small diameter of about 1 mm.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a simply constructed and inexpensive to be manufactured pantograph, which contributes to avoid excessive heating at the contact point and in which it is avoided that the gap between the contact pieces is subjected to abrasion.
  • the pantograph is an essential to the invention is to make this by the two rigidly coupled electrically insulated contacts so that it rests either with two contact pieces simultaneously on a segment respectively on a turn or that he with a contact piece on the one and with the other contact piece rests on the other segment or contactlessly above the gap.
  • the current collector is to be designed such that it does not sink current in any position with a single contact piece from two adjacent turns and thus causes a short circuit in the immediate vicinity of the turns. Heating with the consequences of damage is therefore excluded according to the invention.
  • the pantograph on two successively and laterally offset from each other arranged contact pieces.
  • the two contact zones on a common contact surface which may be curved or flat, lie, with the contact surface of the gap between two adjacent segments can be bridged.
  • This feature is important so that the pantograph does not slip between the segments and possibly cause a short circuit there.
  • the pantograph thus always moves as a unit in a plane and is supported by the stripped segments.
  • a sufficiently good contact is ensured at each moment, so that the danger of overheating is minimized by small contact cross-sections.
  • the current collector according to the invention has various advantages, which result from the fact that the heat generation is avoided because of the almost zero resistance of the current collector in the immediate vicinity of the stripped winding. This applies to the short-circuit current between two adjacent windings and also to the load current removed by the current collector. On the one hand, there is generally an increased safety of the electrical device equipped with the current collector. The safety results from the significantly lower heat load of the insulation, for example a copper enameled wire.
  • variable transformer provides sufficient power for continuous operation, but sometimes it must be charged excessively for a short time. Even with such a short "overload” is given sufficient security. Overall, it is advantageous that a larger power can be taken from the variable transformers, without resulting in damage. Thus, the customer for the smaller and Decide lower-cost device whose range of performance had just not been sufficient before.
  • the contact zones are each flat and lie in a common contact plane.
  • the Contact pieces of the current collector can also be slightly inclined with respect to each other with their contact zones in order to ensure good running properties and optimum contact, for example, with a cylindrical winding surface.
  • the contact pieces are of a similar design and are arranged one after the other in the direction of the displacement by means of an insulator.
  • the current collector it is advantageous for the current collector to have two contact pieces arranged one behind the other and laterally offset from one another.
  • the contact pieces are each made in one piece from metal. Brass or bronze are to be preferred because of their excellent sliding properties. Metal contacts can be made with low resistance. Finally, low-resistance contact pieces with a resistance of in particular less than 0.001 ⁇ are expedient for avoiding local heating. In contrast to contact pieces made of carbon, the abrasion in contact pieces made of metal is much lower. Also, the metal contact pieces solve the problem that the contact piece in the form of a coal roller can clamp on the axis of the pantograph and after a short time a flat surface is ground, which bridges several turns. Burning of the windings and the entire transformer due to a short circuit is thus avoided.
  • the contact pieces are electrically connected to one another via a simple line path containing a defined series resistor.
  • the Conductor line resistors are introduced, which are not arranged in the immediate vicinity of the winding and can easily be discharged through the heat.
  • the winding is wound from a wire which has a substantially rectangular cross-section. Since there is the danger that in such a winding the parallel turns on the blanked surface short-circuit, for example by the current collector, necessarily a correspondingly wide insulating gap in the form of a joint or a gap between two adjacent turns at least in the bare surface be provided. This can be subsequently introduced, for example, by milling in the surface. But it is also possible and also advantageous to prepare the wire before winding so that the joint results automatically.
  • the wire then has a defined geometry at the contact point. Because of the necessary gap or joint, the otherwise rectangular geometry of the wire must be broken in some sense, thus creating a "substantially" rectangular cross-section. It is important that the base surface and the side surfaces are arranged perpendicular to each other.
  • the "rectangular" wire can be used not only in the previously described and equipped with the pantograph according to the invention variable transformers, but generally used with any variable transformers.
  • a thicker wire would not provide any advantage in that while the winding temperature could be lowered, the temperature at the point of contact produced by the current collector would not decrease.
  • the use of the "rectangular" wire is thus useful, in particular in connection with the current collectors according to the invention.
  • the parallel turns of "square" wire which are separated from each other only by a thin layer of varnish would also be short-circuited by the current collector according to the invention in the absence of a joint. A machining or a special geometry of the wire to produce a joint is therefore imperative. This groove forming a depression, which is only slightly wider than a contact zone of the current collector, must be provided.
  • the FIG. 1 shows the diagram of a variable transformer with a primary winding 1 with N 1 turns and a secondary winding 2 with N 2 turns, both of which include a common iron core 3.
  • the variable transformer which may also be designed as a so-called Spartrafo, a current collector 4 for sliding sliding on a contact section 5, wherein the contact section 5 of mutually parallel and against each other by paint 6 (Fig. FIG. 2 ) insulated turns 7 of enameled copper wire of the secondary winding 2 is formed.
  • the current collector 4 has two contact pieces 8a and 8b which are electrically insulated from each other by an insulator 15 and each contact the winding surface and thus the contact path 5 with a contact zone 9.
  • the width of a contact zone 9 is dimensioned such that it contacts the surface 10 of only one stripped winding 7 in each case.
  • the individual windings 7 thus lie on the common winding surface and are separated from each other by the insulating gap.
  • the pantograph 4 is displaceable over the contact section 5, wherein to avoid a short circuit between two adjacent turns 7, the width of a contact zone 9 of a contact piece 8 a and 8 b is smaller than the width of a gap 11 and wherein the gap 11 with the common contact surface of two contact zones of the contact pieces 8a and 8b is formed, is bridged, as in FIG. 2 is shown.
  • the width of a contact zone 9 is dimensioned such that the current collector always contacts a winding 7 with at least one of the two contact zones 9 when passing over the contact section 5. How out FIG. 2 can be seen, the level of the insulator located in the gap 11, which is here formed by the paint 6, below or equal to the level of the winding surface.
  • the contact pieces 8 are electrically connected to each other via a line section 12, wherein the line section 12 by the interposition of two resistive elements 13 has a defined resistance.
  • the load is taken at node 14.
  • FIG. 3 shows three turns of a winding which is wound with "rectangular" wire.
  • the individual windings 16 are arranged abutting parallel next to each other, wherein the insulation 17, the windings 16 each separates.
  • the upper edge 18 of a turn, the wire is phased, with the phase cutting through the wire and insulation.
  • the phases form in cross-section triangular gaps between two adjacent turns 16.
  • the columns are filled with plastic 19.
  • the bare surfaces of the turns lie on a common contact surface 20.
  • FIG. 4 shows three variants of wire cross sections, wherein the variant a) has a recess 21, which in adjacent turns also columns as under FIG. 3 form.
  • the variant b) the upper surface of the wire is rounded, so that when juxtaposed turns symmetrical columns arise.
  • the variant c) is also symmetrical and has two recesses 21.
  • Such a variant can also be produced by a rolling process, wherein the insulation is abraded subsequently.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegend Erfindung betrifft einen Stromabnehmer nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Die Erfindung betrifft gleichfalls einen Stelltransformator mit einem solchen Stromabnehmer.The present invention relates to a current collector according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a variable transformer with such a current collector.

Stromabnehmer sind in vielfältigen Ausführungsformen bekannt. Dabei kann es gerade im Falle von Stelltransformatoren, wie Ring- oder Säulenstelltransformatoren, zu spezifischen Problemen kommen, die daraus resultieren, dass die herkömmlichen Stromabnehmer mitunter zwei benachbarte Windungen überbrücken. Da zwischen den Windungen eine Potentialdifferenz besteht, kommt es zu einem Kurzschlussstrom, der wiederum zu einer Erwärmung führt und eine Beschädigung (Verbrennen) der Wicklung hervorruft. Um eine solche Beschädigung zu vermeiden, werden vergleichsweise hochohmige Kontaktstücke verwendet, die den Kurzschlussstrom zwischen den Segmenten (Windungen) begrenzen. Meist werden die bekannten Kontaktstücke aus Kohle gefertigt, da nur so der vergleichsweise hohe Widerstand von >0.05 Ω realisiert werden kann. Die Kontaktstücke aus Kohle leiden jedoch unter starkem Abrieb und damit unter hohem Verschleiß.Pantographs are known in various embodiments. In the case of variable transformers, such as ring or column-type transformers, specific problems may arise which result from the fact that the conventional current collectors sometimes bridge two adjacent turns. Since there is a potential difference between the windings, a short-circuit current occurs, which in turn leads to heating and causes damage (burning) of the winding. In order to avoid such damage, relatively high-resistance contacts are used, which limit the short-circuit current between the segments (turns). Most are the well-known Contact pieces made of carbon, because only so the comparatively high resistance of> 0.05 Ω can be realized. The contact pieces of carbon, however, suffer from heavy abrasion and thus high wear.

Um diese Probleme zu vermeiden, sind beispielsweise aus der DE 15 38 101 Stromabnehmer mit zwei elektrisch getrennten Kontaktstücken bekannt, die jeweils mit einer Kontaktzone die Kontaktstrecke kontaktieren. Dabei ist eine Kontaktzone so bemessen, dass sie die Oberfläche jeweils nur einer abisolierten Windung kontaktiert. Dieses Paar von Stromabnehmern ist von mechanisch aufwendiger Konzeption, da die einzelnen Stromabnehmer in vertikaler Richtung gegeneinander beweglich sein müssen, um die mit Isoliermaterial gefüllten und mitunter erhabenen Zwischenstücke zu überwinden. Außerdem sind die dort gezeigten Stromabnehmer nicht praktikabel, wenn die Windungen einen geringen Durchmesser von etwa 1 mm aufweisen.To avoid these problems, for example, from the DE 15 38 101 Pantograph with two electrically separate contact pieces known, each contact the contact section with a contact zone. In this case, a contact zone is dimensioned such that it contacts the surface of only one stripped turn. This pair of pantographs is mechanically complex conception, since the individual pantographs must be movable in the vertical direction against each other to overcome the filled with insulating material and sometimes raised intermediate pieces. In addition, the current collectors shown there are not practical if the turns have a small diameter of about 1 mm.

Aus der US 2,009,013 , welche als nächstliegender Stand der Technik angesehen wird, ist ein solcher Stromabnehmer mit zwei starr miteinander gekoppelten Kontaktstücken bekannt.From the US 2,009,013 , which is considered to be the closest prior art, such a pantograph with two rigidly coupled contact pieces is known.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, einen einfach aufgebauten und kostengünstig zu fertigenden Stromabnehmer zu schaffen, der zur Vermeidung einer übermäßigen Erwärmung an der Kontaktstelle beiträgt und bei dem vermieden wird, dass sich der Spalt zwischen den Kontaktstücken mit Abrieb zusetzt. Zudem ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Stelltransformator zu schaffen, der bei kleiner und kompakter Bauweise eine vergleichsweise hohe Ausgangsleistung ermöglicht.The object of the present invention is to provide a simply constructed and inexpensive to be manufactured pantograph, which contributes to avoid excessive heating at the contact point and in which it is avoided that the gap between the contact pieces is subjected to abrasion. In addition, it is an object of the invention to provide a variable transformer, which enables a comparatively high output power in a small and compact design.

Diese Aufgaben werden durch einen Stromabnehmer mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruch 1 und durch Stelltransformatoren nach den Ansprüchen 8 und 11 gelöst.These objects are achieved by a current collector with the characterizing features of claim 1 and by variable transformers according to claims 8 and 11.

In Falle des Stromabnehmers liegt ein erfindungswesentlicher Grundgedanke darin, diesen durch die beiden starr gekoppelten elektrisch isolierten Kontaktstücke so zu gestalten, dass er entweder mit beiden Kontaktstücken gleichzeitig auf einem Segment respektive auf einer Windung aufliegt oder dass er mit einem Kontaktstück auf dem einen und mit dem anderen Kontaktstück auf dem anderen Segment aufliegt oder sich kontaktlos über dem Zwischenraum befindet. Auf jeden Fall ist der Stromabnehmer erfindungsgemäß so auszulegen, dass er in keiner Position mit einem einzigen Kontaktstück von zwei benachbarten Windungen zugleich Strom abnimmt und so einen Kurzschluss in unmittelbarer Nähe der Windungen bewirkt. Eine Erwärmung mit den Folgen einer Beschädigung ist daher erfindungsgemäß ausgeschlossen. Dabei weist der Stromabnehmer zwei hintereinander und seitlich versetzt zueinander angeordnete Kontaktstücke auf.In the case of the pantograph is an essential to the invention is to make this by the two rigidly coupled electrically insulated contacts so that it rests either with two contact pieces simultaneously on a segment respectively on a turn or that he with a contact piece on the one and with the other contact piece rests on the other segment or contactlessly above the gap. In any case, according to the invention, the current collector is to be designed such that it does not sink current in any position with a single contact piece from two adjacent turns and thus causes a short circuit in the immediate vicinity of the turns. Heating with the consequences of damage is therefore excluded according to the invention. In this case, the pantograph on two successively and laterally offset from each other arranged contact pieces.

Neben der erwähnten starren Kopplung der Kontaktstücke ist ein weiteres Merkmal erfindungswesentlich: So müssen die beiden Kontaktzonen auf einer gemeinsamen Kontaktfläche, die gewölbt oder eben sein kann, liegen, wobei mit der Kontakfläche der Zwischenraum zwischen zwei benachbarten Segmenten überbrückbar ist. Dieses Merkmal ist wichtig, damit der Stromabnehmer nicht zwischen die Segmente rutscht und dort möglicherweise einen Kurzschluss hervorruft. Der Stromabnehmer bewegt sich also immer als Einheit in einer Ebene und wird von den abisolierten Segmenten gestützt. Es ist somit in jedem Moment ein ausreichend guter Kontakt gewährleistet, so dass die Gefahr der Überhitzung durch kleine Kontaktquerschnitte minimiert ist.In addition to the aforementioned rigid coupling of the contact pieces, another feature is essential to the invention: Thus, the two contact zones on a common contact surface, which may be curved or flat, lie, with the contact surface of the gap between two adjacent segments can be bridged. This feature is important so that the pantograph does not slip between the segments and possibly cause a short circuit there. The pantograph thus always moves as a unit in a plane and is supported by the stripped segments. Thus, a sufficiently good contact is ensured at each moment, so that the danger of overheating is minimized by small contact cross-sections.

Der erfindungsgemäße Stromabnehmer hat verschiedene Vorteile, die daraus resultieren, dass die Wärmeentwicklung wegen des fast gegen Null gehenden Widerstandes des Stromabnehmers in unmittelbarer Nähe der abisolierten Wicklung vermieden wird. Dies gilt für den Kurzschlussstrom zwischen zwei benachbarten Windungen und auch für den abgenommenen Laststrom durch den Stromabnehmer. Zum einen ist damit generell eine erhöhte Sicherheit der elektrischen Vorrichtung, die mit dem Stromabnehmer ausgestattet ist, gegeben. Die Sicherheit resultiert aus der deutlich niedrigeren Wärmebelastung der Isolation beispielsweise eines Kupferlackdrahtes.The current collector according to the invention has various advantages, which result from the fact that the heat generation is avoided because of the almost zero resistance of the current collector in the immediate vicinity of the stripped winding. This applies to the short-circuit current between two adjacent windings and also to the load current removed by the current collector. On the one hand, there is generally an increased safety of the electrical device equipped with the current collector. The safety results from the significantly lower heat load of the insulation, for example a copper enameled wire.

Das ist insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn ein Stelltransformator für den Dauerbetrieb ausreichende Leistung bereitstellt, er aber mitunter für kurze Zeit über Gebühr belastet werden muss. Auch bei einer solchen kurzen "Überlast" ist ausreichende Sicherheit gegeben. Insgesamt ist es von Vorteil, dass von den Stelltransformatoren eine größere Leistung entnommen werden kann, ohne dass daraus eine Beschädigung resultiert. Somit kann sich der Kunde für das kleinere und kostengünstigere Gerät entscheiden, dessen Leistungsbereich ihm vorher gerade noch nicht ausgereicht hätte.This is particularly advantageous if a variable transformer provides sufficient power for continuous operation, but sometimes it must be charged excessively for a short time. Even with such a short "overload" is given sufficient security. Overall, it is advantageous that a larger power can be taken from the variable transformers, without resulting in damage. Thus, the customer for the smaller and Decide lower-cost device whose range of performance had just not been sufficient before.

Wegen der einfachen Bauweise ist es von besonderem Vorteil, wenn die Kontaktzonen jeweils plan sind und in einer gemeinsamen Kontaktebene liegen. Die Kontaktstücke des Stromabnehmers können auch mit ihren Kontaktzonen leicht gegeneinander geneigt sein, um gute Laufeigenschaften und einen optimalen Kontakt beispielsweise bei zylindrischer Wicklungsoberfläche zu gewährleisten. Zudem ist es besonders zweckmäßig, wenn die Kontaktstücke gleichartig ausgebildet und unter Vermittlung eines Isolators in Richtung der Verschiebung hintereinander angeordnet sind. Um Probleme zu vermeiden, die sich durch ein Zusetzen des Spaltes zwischen den Kontaktstücke mit Abrieb ergeben, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn der Stromabnehmer zwei hintereinander und seitlich versetzt zueinander angeordnete Kontaktstücke aufweist. Durch diese Maßnahme wird ein Spalt vermieden, wobei es für einen reibungslosen und unterbrechungsfreien Lauf des Abnehmers auf der Kontaktstrecke besonders vorteilhaft ist, wenn sich die beiden versetzt angeordneten Kontaktstücke in einer im Vergleich zu der Abmessung eines Kontaktstückes kleinen Zone überlappen. Der Überlappungsbereich braucht nur wenige zehntel Millimeter betragen, um zum gewünschten Erfolg zu führen.Because of the simple construction, it is particularly advantageous if the contact zones are each flat and lie in a common contact plane. The Contact pieces of the current collector can also be slightly inclined with respect to each other with their contact zones in order to ensure good running properties and optimum contact, for example, with a cylindrical winding surface. In addition, it is particularly expedient if the contact pieces are of a similar design and are arranged one after the other in the direction of the displacement by means of an insulator. In order to avoid problems that result from clogging the gap between the contact pieces, it is advantageous for the current collector to have two contact pieces arranged one behind the other and laterally offset from one another. By this measure, a gap is avoided, and it is particularly advantageous for a smooth and uninterrupted run of the pickup on the contact section when the two offset contact pieces overlap in a small compared to the dimension of a contact piece zone. The overlap area needs only a few tenths of a millimeter to lead to the desired success.

Wegen des geringeren Abriebs und der Möglichkeit einer einfacheren Bearbeitung ist es von Vorteil, wenn die Kontaktstücke jeweils einstückig aus Metall gefertigt sind. Dabei sind Messing oder Bronze wegen ihrer hervorragenden Gleiteigenschaften zu bevorzugen. Aus Metall können Kontaktstücke mit geringem Widerstand gefertigt werden. Schließlich sind zur Vermeidung der lokalen Erwärmung niederohmige Kontaktstücke mit einem Widerstand von insbesondere weniger als 0.001 Ω zweckmäßig. Dabei ist im Gegensatz zu Kontaktstücken aus Kohle der Abrieb bei Kontaktstücken aus Metall wesentlich geringer. Auch wird durch die metallischen Kontaktstücke das Problem gelöst, dass das Kontaktstück in der Form einer Kohlerolle auf der Achse des Stromabnehmers klemmen kann und nach kurzer Zeit eine ebene Fläche eingeschliffen wird, die mehrere Windungen überbrückt. Ein Verbrennen der Windungen und des gesamten Transformator wegen eines Kurzschlusses wird so vermieden.Because of the lower abrasion and the possibility of easier machining, it is advantageous if the contact pieces are each made in one piece from metal. Brass or bronze are to be preferred because of their excellent sliding properties. Metal contacts can be made with low resistance. Finally, low-resistance contact pieces with a resistance of in particular less than 0.001 Ω are expedient for avoiding local heating. In contrast to contact pieces made of carbon, the abrasion in contact pieces made of metal is much lower. Also, the metal contact pieces solve the problem that the contact piece in the form of a coal roller can clamp on the axis of the pantograph and after a short time a flat surface is ground, which bridges several turns. Burning of the windings and the entire transformer due to a short circuit is thus avoided.

In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform sind die Kontaktstücke über eine einfache Leitungsstrecke enthaltend einen definierten Vorwiderstand elektrisch direkt miteinander verbunden. Um jedoch die Stromstärke des über die Kontakte fließenden Stromes begrenzen zu können ist es vorteilhaft, wenn in die Leitungsstrecke Widerstände eingebracht werden, die nicht in unmittelbarer Umgebung der Wicklung angeordnet sind und über die problemlos Wärme abgegeben werden kann.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the contact pieces are electrically connected to one another via a simple line path containing a defined series resistor. However, in order to limit the current intensity of the current flowing through the contacts, it is advantageous if in the Conductor line resistors are introduced, which are not arranged in the immediate vicinity of the winding and can easily be discharged through the heat.

Eine weitere erfindungswesentliche Idee, die zu einer Leistungserhöhung bei Stelltransformatoren beträgt, ist folgende: Die Wicklung wird aus einem Draht gewickelt, der im wesentlichen einen rechteckigen Querschnitt hat. Da die Gefahr besteht, dass bei einer solchen Wicklung die parallel liegenden Windungen an der blank gemachten Oberfläche beispielsweise durch den Stromabnehmer kurzschliessen, muss unbedingt ein entsprechend breiter isolierender Zwischenraum in der Form einer Fuge oder eines Spaltes zwischen zwei benachbarten Windungen zumindest im Bereich der blanken Oberfläche vorgesehen werden. Dieser kann nachträglich beispielsweise durch Einfräsen in die Oberfläche eingebracht werden. Es ist aber auch möglich und auch vorteilhaft, den Draht vor dem Wickeln so zu präparieren, dass sich die Fuge automatisch ergibt. Der Draht hat dann an der Kontaktstelle eine definierte Geometrie. Wegen der notwendigen Spalte oder Fuge muss die ansonsten rechteckige Geometrie des Drahtes in gewissem Sinne gebrochen werden, so dass ein "im wesentlichen" rechteckiger Querschnitt entsteht. Wichtig ist, dass die Grundfläche und die Seitenflächen senkrecht zueinander angeordnet sind.Another idea essential to the invention, which is to increase the output of variable transformers, is as follows: The winding is wound from a wire which has a substantially rectangular cross-section. Since there is the danger that in such a winding the parallel turns on the blanked surface short-circuit, for example by the current collector, necessarily a correspondingly wide insulating gap in the form of a joint or a gap between two adjacent turns at least in the bare surface be provided. This can be subsequently introduced, for example, by milling in the surface. But it is also possible and also advantageous to prepare the wire before winding so that the joint results automatically. The wire then has a defined geometry at the contact point. Because of the necessary gap or joint, the otherwise rectangular geometry of the wire must be broken in some sense, thus creating a "substantially" rectangular cross-section. It is important that the base surface and the side surfaces are arranged perpendicular to each other.

Die Vorteile eines Drahtes mit im wesentlichen rechteckigem Querschnitt ergeben sich durch die Vergrößerung des Querschnittes bei gleichem Packungsvolumen im Vergleich zum normalen "runden" Draht. Durch die Vergrößerung des Querschnittes wird der Widerstand und damit die Wärmeentwicklung verringert. So kann von einem Stelltransformator bei gleichem Packungsvolumen und gleicher Windungszahl eine höhere Leistung abgenommen werden, ohne dass es zu einer Überhitzung und damit zu einer Zerstörung des Isolierlackes kommt. Die Temperatur würde sich auf jeden Fall weit unterhalb der für die Isolationsklasse "B" vorgeschriebenen Übertemperatur von 105°C bewegen. Es ist mit einer Leistungssteigerung von bis zu 100% gegenüber den herkömmlichen Stelltransformatoren zu rechnen.The advantages of a wire with a substantially rectangular cross-section result from the enlargement of the cross-section with the same packing volume compared to the normal "round" wire. By increasing the cross-section of the resistance and thus the heat development is reduced. Thus, a higher power can be removed from a variable transformer with the same pack volume and the same number of turns without causing overheating and thus destruction of the insulating varnish. In any case, the temperature would be well below the 105 ° C overtemperature prescribed for insulation class "B". It can be expected with a performance increase of up to 100% compared to the conventional variable transformers.

Der "rechteckige" Draht lässt sich nicht nur bei den bislang beschriebenen und mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Stromabnehmer bestückten Stelltransformatoren, sondern generell bei beliebigen Stelltransformatoren einsetzen. Bei einem System mit den herkömmlichen Kohlestromabnehmern würde jedoch ein dickerer Draht insofern keinen Vorteil bringen, als die Wicklungstemperatur zwar gesenkt werden könnte, die durch den Stromabnehmer erzeugte Temperatur an der Kontaktstelle sich jedoch nicht verringern würde. Der Einsatz des "rechteckigen" Drahtes ist somit insbesondere in Verbindung mit den erfindungsgemäßen Stromabnehmern sinnvoll. Außerdem ist zu bedenken, dass die nur durch eine dünne Lackschicht voneinander getrennten parallel liegenden Windungen aus "eckigem" Draht bei fehlender Fuge auch durch den erfindungsgemäßen Stromabnehmer kurzgeschlossen würden. Eine Bearbeitung oder eine besondere Geometrie des Drahtes zur Erzeugung einer Fuge ist daher zwingend notwendig. Diese eine Vertiefung bildende Fuge, die nur etwas breiter als eine Kontaktzone des Stromabnehmers ist, muss vorgesehen werden.The "rectangular" wire can be used not only in the previously described and equipped with the pantograph according to the invention variable transformers, but generally used with any variable transformers. However, in a system with conventional coal feeders, a thicker wire would not provide any advantage in that while the winding temperature could be lowered, the temperature at the point of contact produced by the current collector would not decrease. The use of the "rectangular" wire is thus useful, in particular in connection with the current collectors according to the invention. It should also be borne in mind that the parallel turns of "square" wire which are separated from each other only by a thin layer of varnish would also be short-circuited by the current collector according to the invention in the absence of a joint. A machining or a special geometry of the wire to produce a joint is therefore imperative. This groove forming a depression, which is only slightly wider than a contact zone of the current collector, must be provided.

Es gibt verschiedene Ansätze, die Spalte oder Fuge zwischen den Windungen zu realisieren. Auch wenn es wie oben angedeutet möglich wäre, die Spalten oder Fugen nach dem Wickeln auszufräsen, so ist es aus fertigungstechnischer Sicht zu bevorzugen, den Draht vor dem Wickeln so zu präparieren, dass sich die Spalte oder Fuge nach dem Wickeln automatisch ergibt. Dazu ist es denkbar, eine oder zwei Kanten des Drahtes anzuphasen, so dass bei nebeneinanderliegenden Windungen die Phase eine Spalte erzeugt. Dabei wird einfach eine Kante des Drahtes samt Isolierung abgeschnitten. Statt der besonders einfach zu realisierenden Phase, sind auch Ausnehmung oder Einkerbung im material des Drahtes an einer oder beiden zur blanken Oberfläche hin ausgerichteten Kanten möglich. Es ist auch denkbar, einen zunächst "runden" Draht mitsamt der Isolierung eckig zu walzen und an ein oder zwei Kanten eine Ausnehmung auszuwalzen. Die Isolierung wird dann nach dem Wickeln durch Abschleifen entfernt.There are different approaches to realize the split or joint between the turns. Although it would be possible, as indicated above, to mill out the gaps or joints after winding, it is preferable from a production point of view to prepare the wire before winding so that the gap or joint automatically results after winding. For this purpose, it is conceivable to strike one or two edges of the wire, so that when adjacent turns, the phase produces a column. It simply cuts off an edge of the wire with insulation. Instead of the particularly easy to be realized phase, also recess or notch in the material of the wire at one or both of the bare surface aligned edges are possible. It is also conceivable to roll an initially "round" wire together with the insulation square and to roll out a recess at one or two edges. The insulation is then removed after winding by abrading.

Um eine problemlos gleitende Bewegung des Stromabnehmers auf der Kontaktstrecke zu gewährleisten und um die Isolierung zwischen zwei benachbarten Windungen zu verbessern, ist es vorteilhaft die Spalte oder Fuge mit einem isolierenden Material, insbesondere mit Kunststoff auszugießen.In order to ensure a smooth sliding movement of the pantograph on the contact path and to improve the insulation between two adjacent turns, it is advantageous to pour the gap or gap with an insulating material, in particular plastic.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Figuren 1 bis 4 dargestellt und werden nachfolgend näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
das Schema eines Stelltransformators,
Figur 2
einen Detailansicht eines Stromabnehmers auf den Windungen.
Figur 3
eine Wicklung mit "eckigem" Draht und
Figur 4
verschiedene Drahtprofile.
Embodiments of the invention are in the FIGS. 1 to 4 and are described in more detail below. Show it:
FIG. 1
the scheme of a variable transformer,
FIG. 2
a detailed view of a pantograph on the windings.
FIG. 3
a winding with "square" wire and
FIG. 4
different wire profiles.

Die Figur 1 zeigt das Schema eines Stelltransformators mit einer Primärwicklung 1 mit N1 Windungen und einer Sekundärwicklung 2 mit N2 Windungen, die beide einen gemeinsamen Eisenkern 3 einschließen. Gemäß der Erfindung weist der Stelltransformator, der auch als sogenannter Spartrafo ausgebildet sein kann, einen Stromabnehmer 4 zum gleitenden Verschieben auf einer Kontaktstrecke 5 auf, wobei die Kontaktstrecke 5 von parallel zueinander liegenden und gegeneinander durch Lack 6 (Figur 2) isolierten Windungen 7 aus Kupferlackdraht der Sekundärwicklung 2 gebildet ist. Der Stromabnehmer 4 weist zwei durch einen Isolator 15 voneinander elektrisch getrennte Kontaktstücke 8a und 8b auf, die jeweils mit einer Kontaktzone 9 die Wicklungsoberfläche und damit die Kontaktstrecke 5 kontaktieren. Die Breite einer Kontaktzone 9 ist so bemessen, dass sie die Oberfläche 10 jeweils nur einer abisolierten Windung 7 kontaktiert. Die einzelnen Windungen 7 liegen somit auf der gemeinsamen Wicklungsoberfläche und sind durch den isolierenden Zwischenraum voneinander getrennt.The FIG. 1 shows the diagram of a variable transformer with a primary winding 1 with N 1 turns and a secondary winding 2 with N 2 turns, both of which include a common iron core 3. According to the invention, the variable transformer, which may also be designed as a so-called Spartrafo, a current collector 4 for sliding sliding on a contact section 5, wherein the contact section 5 of mutually parallel and against each other by paint 6 (Fig. FIG. 2 ) insulated turns 7 of enameled copper wire of the secondary winding 2 is formed. The current collector 4 has two contact pieces 8a and 8b which are electrically insulated from each other by an insulator 15 and each contact the winding surface and thus the contact path 5 with a contact zone 9. The width of a contact zone 9 is dimensioned such that it contacts the surface 10 of only one stripped winding 7 in each case. The individual windings 7 thus lie on the common winding surface and are separated from each other by the insulating gap.

Der Stromabnehmer 4 ist über die Kontaktstrecke 5 verschieblich, wobei zur Vermeidung eines Kurzschlusses zwischen zwei benachbarten Windungen 7 die Breite einer Kontaktzone 9 eines Kontaktstückes 8a und 8b kleiner ist als die Breite eines Zwischenraumes 11 und wobei der Zwischenraum 11 mit der gemeinsamen Kontaktfläche, die von beiden Kontaktzonen der Kontaktstücke 8a und 8b ausgebildet wird, überbrückt wird, wie in Figur 2 gezeigt ist. Die Breite einer Kontaktzone 9 ist so bemessen, dass der Stromabnehmer beim Überstreichen der Kontaktstrecke 5 immer mit mindestens einer von beiden Kontaktzonen 9 eine Windung 7 kontaktiert. Wie aus Figur 2 ersichtlich, ist das Niveau des im Zwischenraum 11 befindlichen Isolators, der hier von dem Lack 6 gebildet ist, unterhalb oder gleich dem Niveaus der Wicklungsoberfläche.The pantograph 4 is displaceable over the contact section 5, wherein to avoid a short circuit between two adjacent turns 7, the width of a contact zone 9 of a contact piece 8 a and 8 b is smaller than the width of a gap 11 and wherein the gap 11 with the common contact surface of two contact zones of the contact pieces 8a and 8b is formed, is bridged, as in FIG. 2 is shown. The width of a contact zone 9 is dimensioned such that the current collector always contacts a winding 7 with at least one of the two contact zones 9 when passing over the contact section 5. How out FIG. 2 can be seen, the level of the insulator located in the gap 11, which is here formed by the paint 6, below or equal to the level of the winding surface.

Die Kontaktstücke 8 sind über eine Leitungsstrecke 12 elektrisch miteinander verbunden, wobei die Leitungsstrecke 12 durch Zwischenschaltung zweier Widerstandselemente 13 einen definierten Widerstand aufweist. Die Last wird am Knoten 14 entnommen.The contact pieces 8 are electrically connected to each other via a line section 12, wherein the line section 12 by the interposition of two resistive elements 13 has a defined resistance. The load is taken at node 14.

Figur 3 zeigt drei Windungen einer Wicklung die mit "rechteckigem" Draht gewickelt ist. Die einzelnen Windungen 16 sind anstoßend parallel nebeneinander angeordnet, wobei die Isolierung 17 die Windungen 16 jeweils trennt. Die obere Kante 18 einer Windung, also des Drahtes, ist angephast, wobei die Phase den Draht und die Isolierung durchschneidet. Die Phasen bilden im Querschnitt dreieckige Spalten zwischen zwei benachbarten Windungen 16. Die Spalten sind mit Kunststoff 19 aufgefüllt. Die blanken Oberflächen der Windungen liegen auf einer gemeinsamen Kontaktfläche 20. FIG. 3 shows three turns of a winding which is wound with "rectangular" wire. The individual windings 16 are arranged abutting parallel next to each other, wherein the insulation 17, the windings 16 each separates. The upper edge 18 of a turn, the wire, is phased, with the phase cutting through the wire and insulation. The phases form in cross-section triangular gaps between two adjacent turns 16. The columns are filled with plastic 19. The bare surfaces of the turns lie on a common contact surface 20.

Figur 4 zeigt noch drei Varianten von Drahtquerschnitten, wobei die Variante a) eine Ausnehmung 21 aufweist, die bei nebeneinander angeordneten Windungen ebenfalls Spalten wie unter Figur 3 ausbilden. Bei der Variante b) ist die obere Fläche des Drahtes abgerundet, so dass bei nebeneinander angeordneten Windungen symmetrische Spalten entstehen. Die Variante c) ist gleichfalls symmetrisch und weist zwei Ausnehmungen 21 auf. Eine derartige Variante kann auch durch einen Walzvorgang hergestellt werden, wobei die Isolierung nachträglich abgeschliffen wird. FIG. 4 shows three variants of wire cross sections, wherein the variant a) has a recess 21, which in adjacent turns also columns as under FIG. 3 form. In the variant b), the upper surface of the wire is rounded, so that when juxtaposed turns symmetrical columns arise. The variant c) is also symmetrical and has two recesses 21. Such a variant can also be produced by a rolling process, wherein the insulation is abraded subsequently.

Claims (16)

  1. Current collector (4) especially for a regulating transformer, for the sliding displacement on a contact path (5) which is formed by at least partially insulated segments, especially windings (7) of a coil (2), the current collector (4) comprising two electrically separated contact pieces (8) which respectively contact the contact path (5) with a contact area (9), a contact area (9) being dimensioned in such a way that it exclusively contacts the surface of one respective insulated segment (7), the two contact pieces (8) being rigidly coupled together, the two contact areas (9) being located on a common contact surface and the contact surface making it possible to bridge the intermediate area (11) between two neighbouring segments (7),
    characterised in that the contact pieces (8) are arranged one behind the other and laterally offset relative to one another.
  2. Current collector according to Claim 1,
    characterised in that the contact areas (9) are respectively planar and are located in a common contact plane.
  3. Current collector according to Claim 1 or 2,
    characterised in that the contact pieces (8) are configured to be of low-resistance to avoid a temperature rise and have a resistance of less than 0.01 Ω and, in particular, less than 0.001 Ω.
  4. Current collector according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that the contact pieces (8) are similar and are arranged one behind the other in the direction of displacement by means of an insulator (15).
  5. Current collector according to Claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the contact pieces (8) overlap one another in an area which is small relative to the dimension of a contact piece.
  6. Current collector according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that the contact pieces (8) are respectively manufactured in one piece from metal, in particular brass or bronze.
  7. Current collector according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that the contact pieces (8) are electrically connected to one another via a wiring section (12), the wiring section having a defined resistance, in particular by inserting a resistor element (13).
  8. Regulating transformer comprising a current collector (4) according to one of the preceding claims, and comprising a contact path (5) which is formed by exposing the surfaces of windings (7) of a coil located parallel to one another and thus insulated from one another, the surfaces of the individual windings (7) being located on a common coil surface and being separated from one another by an insulating intermediate area (11),
    characterised in that the current collector (4) is displaceable over the contact path (5), to avoid a short circuit between two neighbouring windings (7) the width of a contact area (9) of one contact piece (8) of the current collector (4) being smaller than the width of an intermediate area (11), and the intermediate area (11) being able to be bridged by the common contact surface of the current collector (4) and the contact pieces (8) being arranged one behind the other and laterally offset relative to one another.
  9. Regulating transformer according to Claim 8,
    characterised in that, when passing over the contact path (5), the current collector (4) is always in contact with a winding (7) by means of at least one contact area (9).
  10. Regulating transformer according to Claim 8 or 9,
    characterised in that the level of an insulator (6) located in the intermediate area is located below the level of the coil surface.
  11. Regulating transformer according to one of Claims 8 to 10, comprising a contact path (5) which is formed by exposing the surfaces of windings (7) of a coil located parallel to one another and thus insulated from one another, the surfaces of the individual windings (7) being located on a common coil surface and being separated from one another by an insulating intermediate area (11),
    characterised in that the coil is wound from wire having a substantially rectangular cross section and in that an insulating intermediate area is formed by a gap or joint extending parallel between the windings (16) which in its length extends at least over the width of the exposed winding surface.
  12. Regulating transformer according to Claim 11,
    characterised in that the gap or joint is formed by a phase on an edge (18) of the wire oriented towards the exposed surface (20).
  13. Regulating transformer according to Claim 11,
    characterised in that the gap or joint is formed by a recess or notch extending along the wire on an edge (18) located towards the exposed surface (20).
  14. Regulating transformer according to one of Claims 12 or 13,
    characterised in that one edge (18) of the wire is chamfered, cut away or notched before the winding.
  15. Regulating transformer according to Claim 11,
    characterised in that the gap or joint is milled out after the winding.
  16. Regulating transformer according to one of Claims 11 to 15,
    characterised in that the gap or joint is filled, in particular, with a plastic compound (19).
EP03732357A 2002-05-29 2003-05-13 Current collector especially for a regulating transformer Expired - Lifetime EP1508147B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10224246 2002-05-29
DE10224246 2002-05-29
DE10237367 2002-08-13
DE10237367A DE10237367A1 (en) 2002-05-29 2002-08-13 Pantographs especially for variable transformers
PCT/EP2003/004983 WO2003100798A1 (en) 2002-05-29 2003-05-13 Current collector especially for a regulating transformer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1508147A1 EP1508147A1 (en) 2005-02-23
EP1508147B1 true EP1508147B1 (en) 2009-12-16

Family

ID=29585329

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03732357A Expired - Lifetime EP1508147B1 (en) 2002-05-29 2003-05-13 Current collector especially for a regulating transformer

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1508147B1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003240232A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2003100798A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104036930A (en) * 2014-05-29 2014-09-10 电子科技大学 Magnetic integration mounting magnetic shielding power inductor

Families Citing this family (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0713880D0 (en) 2007-07-17 2007-08-29 Novartis Ag Conjugate purification

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US3025452A (en) * 1958-02-06 1962-03-13 Standard Electrical Products C Electrical apparatus

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US2009013A (en) * 1934-06-01 1935-07-23 Gen Radio Co Alternating-current apparatus
FR812761A (en) * 1935-10-30 1937-05-18 Device for regulating the electromotive force produced in the circuit of a variable ratio autotransformer
FR814458A (en) * 1936-01-20 1937-06-24 Socket for devices with components with different potentials
DE1281024B (en) * 1964-06-26 1969-03-27 Siemens Ag Control winding with current pickup device for transformers
US3478290A (en) * 1967-11-16 1969-11-11 Gen Electric Adjustable sliding brush transformer and method of producing a brush track therefor
US4189672A (en) * 1978-03-27 1980-02-19 Peschel Stanley G Variable transformer method and apparatus for preventing short-circuit current flow

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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104036930A (en) * 2014-05-29 2014-09-10 电子科技大学 Magnetic integration mounting magnetic shielding power inductor
CN104036930B (en) * 2014-05-29 2016-12-07 电子科技大学 Magnetic integrated attachment magnetic shield power inductor

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AU2003240232A1 (en) 2003-12-12
EP1508147A1 (en) 2005-02-23

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