EP1507809A1

EP1507809A1 - Method for producing low-odor hydrogel-forming polymers

Info

Publication number: EP1507809A1
Application number: EP03732349A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Gerhard Nestler; Klaus Joachim MÜLLER-ENGEL; Stefan Wickel
Original assignee: BASF SE
Current assignee: BASF SE
Priority date: 2002-05-13
Filing date: 2003-05-12
Publication date: 2005-02-23
Also published as: DE10221176A1; US7307132B2; BR0310012A; AU2003240228A1; JP2005525445A; US20050209411A1; CN1653094A; WO2003095510A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a low-odor hydrogel-forming polymer based on acrylic acid, comprising the following steps: a) producing a polymeric hydrogel by radically polymerizing, in an aqueous polymerization medium, a monomer composition containing at least 50 wt. % of acrylic acid, and transforming the hydrogel into a particulate hydrogel or into a hydrogel-forming powder, and optionally; b) treating the particulate hydrogel or the hydrogel-forming powder with a crosslinking-active substance having at least two functional groups that react with the carboxyl groups of the polymer. The invention is characterized in that acrylic acid used in step a) contains less than 400 ppm ethanoic acid and/or propionic acid. The invention also relates to the hydrogel-forming polymers obtained according to said method, and to the use thereof.

Description

Process for the preparation of low-odor hydrogel-forming polymers

description

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of low-odor hydrogel-forming polymers based on acrylic acid.

Water-absorbing polymers, which are also referred to as hydrogel-forming polymers or superabsorbents (superabsorbing polymers, hereinafter abbreviated as SAP), are able to absorb and bind aqueous liquids with the formation of a hydrogel. SAP is therefore used in particular in hygiene articles such as diapers, incontinence pads and pants, sanitary napkins and the like for the absorption of body fluids. F.L. gives a comprehensive overview of SAP, its application and its manufacture. Buchholz and A.T. Graham (editor) in "Modern Superabsorbent Polymer Technology", Wiley-VCH, New York, 1998.

Among the SAP, those based on acrylic acid are a particularly important class of substances. As a rule, however, these contain a large amount of volatile or elutable components, e.g. unreacted monomers (so-called residual monomers) and especially unreacted acrylic acid. For the use of SAP in hygiene articles, but also in packaging materials for food or as aids in the agricultural sector, low levels of volatile and elutable substances are generally sought. A reduction of these components is also desirable from an ecological point of view.

Various attempts have been made to reduce the content of volatile residual monomers in SAP based on acrylic acid. An overview can be found, for example, in EP 372706. Among others, the irradiation of the SAP with ultraviolet light (JP 62260906), the addition of amines (JP-A 5040649) or sulfite or hydrogen sulfite (US 4,306,955), the extraction with hydrophilic organic solvents were proposed or with supercritical CO _{2 /} the use of special initiator combinations, such as redox initiators in conjunction with azo initiators, or the use of microorganisms (US Pat. No. 4,742,114). From EP-A 372706 it is known that polymers based on acrylic acid with a low residual monomer content can be produced if an aqueous acrylic acid solution is used which was obtained by first adding an molar excess of base to an acrylic acid solution and after a dwell time by adding further acrylic acid, a degree of neutralization of 20 to 100% is established.

A similar procedure is known from EP-A 574260, but using an acrylic acid which contains less than 1000 ppm of β-hydroxypropionic acid. The acrylic acid is always freshly distilled for this purpose.

The methods described in the prior art partially effectively reduce the measurable residual monomer content in SAP based on acrylic acid. However, these SAPs often have an unpleasant smell. Although this does not fundamentally reduce their water-absorbing properties, it leads to reduced customer acceptance, particularly when used in hygiene articles.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method for producing low-odor superabsorbents.

The applicant has now found in her own investigations that the unpleasant smell occurs at elevated concentrations of acetic acid and / or propionic acid in the acrylic acid used in the polymerization. The smell is probably due to volatile derivatives of these acids or thermolysis products of the derivatives. These derivatives presumably arise during the manufacture of SAP by reacting these acids with, for example, thermolysis products from SAP, with polyhydric alcohols, such as those used for post-crosslinking, and / or with other, previously unknown by-products of SAP manufacture. The odor problem arises when the production of the SAP comprises post-crosslinking, in which the primary hydrogel-forming acrylic acid polymer is treated with a crosslinking substance that has at least two functional groups that are reactive towards the carboxyl groups of the polymer, optionally in latent form , having. The odor problem arises in particular if a partially or completely neutralized acrylic acid is used to manufacture the SAP. In this connection, the applicant has found that the object explained above can be achieved if an acrylic acid is used to produce such SAPs, the total content of which is less than 400 ppm of acetic acid and propionic acid.

Accordingly, the present invention relates to a process for producing a low-odor, hydrogel-forming polymer based on acrylic acid, comprising the following steps:

a) preparation of a polymeric hydrogel by radical polymerization of a monomer composition containing at least 50% by weight of acrylic acid in an aqueous polymerization medium and transferring the hydrogel to a particulate hydrogel or a hydrogel-forming powder; and if necessary

b) treating the particulate hydrogel or the hydrogel-forming powder with a crosslinking substance which has at least two functional groups which are reactive toward the carboxyl groups of the polymer, optionally in latent form;

characterized in that the acrylic acid used in step a) has a total acetic acid and propionic acid content of not more than 400 ppm, preferably not more than 300 ppm and in particular not more than 200 ppm. Here and in the following, all ppm figures are parts by weight based on acrylic acid.

Acrylic acid with a total content of acetic acid and propionic acid of not more than 400 ppm, preferably not more than 300 ppm and in particular not more than 200 ppm can in principle be produced by crystallization of acrylic acid with a higher content of these impurities. Suitable processes for the crystallization of acrylic acid are known from EP-A 616998, EP-A 648520, EP-A 730893, EP-A 776875, WO 98/25889 and WO 01/77056. According to the processes described there, in particular according to the process described in WO 01/77056, starting from crude acrylic acid, a pure acrylic acid can be prepared which has the maximum concentrations of acetic acid and propionic acid to be observed according to the invention.

For use in the process according to the invention, an acrylic acid has proven useful which, by single- or multi-stage crystallization of a crude acrylic acid with a total content of acetic acid and propionic acid in the range from 0.05 to 5% by weight, in particular in the range from 0. 1 to 3 wt .-% was obtained. The Crude acrylic acid can also contain other organic impurities, which are also largely removed during crystallization. The content of these further organic impurities will generally be less than 3% by weight. Examples of further impurities are diacrylic acid, aromatic aldehydes such as furfural and benzaldehyde, furthermore allyl acrylate, acrolein, aliphatic aldehydes, maleic acid and their anhydride as well as process inhibitors such as phenothiazine (di-benzo-l, 4-thiazine; PTZ) and 4-hydroxy- 2,2,6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (4-OH-TEMPO) or comparable stabilizers, which are often added to acrylic acid for stabilization.

Typical crude acrylic acids which can be used for crystallization contain 70 to 99.9% by weight, in particular 97.0 to 99.7% by weight of acrylic acid, 0.05 to 5% by weight, in particular 0.1 to 3% by weight of acetic acid and propionic acid, 0.005 to 1% by weight, in particular 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of aromatic aldehydes, up to 5% by weight, for example in the range of 0.01 to 3% by weight of diacrylic acid, 0.001 to 0.3% by weight, in particular 0.005 to 0.1% by weight of process inhibitor, and up to 1% by weight, e.g. 0.001 to 1% by weight of other organic impurities, all weight data being based on the gross composition of the acrylic acid. The water content in crude acrylic acids is generally not more than 5% by weight, in particular not more than 3% by weight. However, it is also possible to use acrylic acid with a higher water content, e.g. up to 30% by weight.

To carry out the crystallization, the crude acrylic acid is transferred to a crystallizer and part of the acrylic acid is crystallized out with cooling. This is separated from the mother liquor and then melted for further processing or dissolved in water or aqueous alkali. Small amounts of a stabilizer, preferably a hydroquinone or a hydroquinone monoalkyl ether such as hydroquinone monomethyl ether, are preferably added to the acrylic acid. The amount is usually in the range from 10 to 500 ppm and in particular in the range from 50 to 300 ppm.

If appropriate, the acrylic acid obtained in this way can be passed to one or more, for example 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, further, successive crystallization stages until the desired degree of purity is reached. The countercurrent principle is preferably used, ie the mother liquor of the respective crystallization stage is fed to the preceding crystallization stage. If necessary, further purification steps are carried out before isolating the acrylic acid. The acrylic acid-containing mother liquor obtained during the crystallization can also be fed to one or more successive further crystallization stages in order to obtain further acrylic acid. The countercurrent principle is preferably used, ie the crystals obtained from the mother liquor from a previous crystallization stage, for example the first crystallization stage, are fed to the acrylic acid to be crystallized in the previous crystallization stage, for example the crude acrylic acid to be crystallized in the first stage.

In an alternative embodiment, the mother liquor obtained in the crystallization, and in the case of multi-stage crystallization, the mother liquor obtained in the first stage is fed to a simple distillation or a fractional distillation. Here, the acrylic acid is distilled off overhead and the difficultly volatile impurities in the mother liquor, such as maleic acid (anhydride) and process inhibitors, are removed as sump. The method for this is known from WO 00/01657, to which reference is hereby made. The mother liquor is expediently fed to a falling film evaporator for simple distillation. The mother liquor can then be used for another purpose or the crude acrylic acid to be crystallized.

The crystallization in the respective crystallization stage is preferably carried out to such an extent that at least 20% by weight and preferably at least 40% by weight of the acrylic acid contained in the crude acrylic acid have crystallized out. As a rule, no more than 90% by weight, preferably no more than 80% by weight and in particular no more than 70% by weight of the acrylic acid used in the particular crystallization stage will be crystallized out in order to achieve a sufficient cleaning action.

The crystallizer used in the method according to the invention is not subject to any restriction. Crystallizers have proven to be particularly suitable, their function based on the formation of crystals on cooled surfaces. Such crystallization processes are also referred to as layer crystallization. Suitable devices are in DE-OS 17 69 123, DE-OS 26 06 364, EP-A 218 545, EP-A 323 377, CH 645278, FR 2668946, EP-A 616998, EP 638520 and US 3,597,164.

The crude acrylic acid is brought into contact with the cooled surfaces of the heat exchanger for layer crystallization. The heat exchanger surfaces of the crystallizer are preferably cooled to temperatures which are up to 40 K below the melting temperature of the acrylic acid in the crude acrylic acid. When the Desired degree of crystallization, the cooling process is ended and the liquid mother liquor is removed, for example by pumping or draining. The purified, crystallized acrylic acid is generally isolated by melting the crystallized acrylic acid, for example by heating the heat exchanger surfaces to a temperature above the melting temperature of the acrylic acid and / or by supplying a melt of purified acrylic acid. Here, the purified acrylic acid is obtained as a melt and is isolated as such. The crystalline acrylic acid can also be dissolved in water or aqueous alkali and the solution thus obtained can be used directly in the subsequent polymerization, if appropriate after adding a stabilizer.

As an additional cleaning step, layer crystallization can be carried out, for example, by sweating the crystal layer deposited on the heat exchanger surfaces. Here, the temperature of the crystal layer is raised slightly, e.g. by 0.5 to 5 K above the melting temperature, the more contaminated areas of the crystal layer preferably melting off and an additional cleaning effect being achieved in this way. The sweat product is then fed to the mother liquor and further processed with it. The crystal layer can also be treated with a cleaning liquid, for example a melt of purified acrylic acid.

The temperature of the crude acrylic acid in the crystallizer required for layer crystallization depends on its composition. The upper limit is naturally the temperature at which the already crystallized acrylic acid is in equilibrium with the acrylic acid contained in the mother liquor (equilibrium temperature). Depending on the composition of the raw product, the equilibrium temperature is in the range of +5 to +13.5 ° C. The temperature of the acid to be crystallized is preferably in the range from 0 to 13.5 ° C. and especially in the range from 5 to 12 ° C., with supercooled melts generally being avoided. In particular, in the case of dynamic layer crystallization, the cooling medium, which is required to remove the heat of crystallization, will be cooled from approximately +5 to -5 ° C. to approximately -10 to -25 ° C. during the crystallization process. In the case of a layer crystallization carried out statically, the cooling medium is preferably cooled during the crystallization process from a temperature of initially +5 to -15 ° C. to approximately -15 to -30 ° C. towards the end of the crystallization.

In one embodiment of the crystallization process, the layer crystallization is carried out in the presence of seed crystals. It is preferable to work in such a way that before crystallization tion those areas of the crystallizer, from which crystals grow during crystallization, covered with a seed layer of acrylic acid. The seed crystals can be obtained both from the crude acrylic acid to be cleaned and from a melt of purified acrylic acid. For example, seed crystals can be produced on the surfaces of the crystallizer on which the crystal growth is to take place by producing an acrylic acid-containing melt film on these surfaces and freezing them, for example by cooling to a temperature below the melting temperature. The seed crystals are preferably produced by applying a film from a suspension of acrylic acid crystals in an acrylic acid melt and then freezing this film. Freezing is preferably carried out here at a temperature in the region of the equilibrium temperature. Such a suspension can be produced by freezing out a small amount of crystals from the crude product or a melt of the purified acrylic acid by supercooling. Seed crystals are preferably produced in an amount of 0.1 to 200 g / kg of melt and in particular in the range of 1 to 100 g / kg of melt.

Crystallization on cooling surfaces can be carried out as a dynamic or static process. Dynamic methods or combinations of static and dynamic methods are preferably used. Dynamic methods are known from the publications mentioned above. Static methods are described for example in US 3,597,164, EP 323377 and FR 2668946, to which reference is hereby made. In the static process, mass transfer in the liquid phase only takes place through free convection (static melt).

In the dynamic processes of crystallization, the crude product to be crystallized is kept in a flowing movement. This can be done by a forced flow in heat exchangers with full flow, such as. B. described in DE 2606364, or by placing a falling film on a cooled wall, as described for example in DE-AS 1769123 and EP-A 218545, or by means of moving cooling surfaces such as cooling rollers or cooling belts. The dynamic layer crystallization preferably takes place in heat exchangers with full flow, for example in externally cooled tubes or tube bundles.

In the dynamic layer crystallization processes, in particular those which are carried out in heat exchangers with full flow, the procedure is generally such that - if necessary after the seed crystal layer has been applied to the heat exchanger surfaces of the crystallizer - the crude acrylic acid with the brought into contact with the cooled heat exchanger surfaces, for example by letting the crude product flow through the cooled tubes of the crystallizer. Here, acrylic acid crystallizes out at least partially. As a rule, this process is terminated if, owing to the amount of acrylic acid that has crystallized out, it is just still possible for the melt to flow sufficiently through the heat exchanger. For this purpose, the liquid phase (mother liquor) is removed and the crystallized acrylic acid is then isolated in the manner described above, if appropriate after a further cleaning step, by heating the heat exchanger surfaces to a temperature above the melting temperature of the acrylic acid. This process can be repeated several times until the desired amount of acrylic acid has crystallized out of the crude product.

As an alternative to layer crystallization, crystallization can also be carried out as suspension crystallization. In suspension crystallization, a suspension of purified acrylic acid crystals is produced in a melt enriched with impurities by cooling the crude acrylic acid. The acrylic acid crystals can grow directly in the suspension (melt) or deposit as a layer on a cooled wall, from which they are then scraped off and suspended in the residual melt. The crystal suspension is preferably agitated during the suspension crystallization process, for which pumping or stirring is particularly suitable. The statements made above apply to the melt temperatures required for the crystallization of the acrylic acid.

In the case of suspension crystallization, the heat is generally removed by indirect cooling, for example by means of scratch coolers which are connected to a stirred tank or a container without an agitator. The circulation of the crystal suspension is guaranteed by a pump. In addition, there is also the possibility of dissipating the heat over the walls of the stirred tank with wall-mounted stirrers. The use of cooling disc crystallizers, such as those manufactured by GMF (Gouda in Holland), is also suitable for heat dissipation. Of course, the heat can also be removed by cooling via conventional heat exchangers (preferably tube bundle or plate heat exchangers). Suitable apparatus for suspension crystallization are e.g. in Chem.-Ing.-Techn. 57 (1985) No. 2 pp. 91-102.

The separation of the crystals obtained in the suspension crystallization and enriched with acrylic acid from the mother liquor depleted in acrylic acid succeeds according to the known methods drive the solid-liquid separation, for example by filtration, sedimentation and / or centrifugation. If the crystals are at rest, you can also remove the mother liquor by letting it run off. The crystal suspension can also be transferred directly to a washing column, as described in the process of WO 01/77056, in particular if the crystallization of the acrylic acid in the presence of 0.2 to 10% by weight, especially 0.6 to 3% by weight .-% water, based on the acrylic acid contained in the crude acid.

During and / or after the solid-liquid separation, further process steps can be provided to increase the purity of the crystals or the crystal cake. Preferably, after the crystals have been separated from the mother liquor, the crystals or the crystal cake are washed and / or sweated in one or more stages. Liquid acrylic acid, the purity of which is above that of the mother liquor, is preferably used as the washing liquid. The washing can be carried out in the apparatuses customary for this purpose, for example in centrifuges or in suction filters or belt filters. The washing can be carried out in one or more stages, the washing liquid preferably being conducted in countercurrent to the crystal cake. In the case of a multi-stage crystallization, the feed to the same crystallization stage is used in a particularly suitable manner as washing liquid for the crystals of a particular crystallization stage. The mass ratio of washing liquid to crystals is preferably in the range from 0.1 to 1, particularly preferably in the range from 0.2 to 0.6 kg of washing liquid to kg of crystals.

For the purification of the crystals obtained in the suspension crystallization, washing columns are preferably used in which the crystals, preferably after a pre-thickening, for. B. by filtration or sedimentation, countercurrent to a washing liquid. The crystals transferred into the washing column will preferably not contain more than 30% by weight, for example 5 to 30% by weight, of residual melt, based on the crystals. The purification in washing columns can be carried out continuously or batchwise. A melt of the already cleaned crystals is preferably used as the washing liquid. The transport of the crystals against the direction of flow can be carried out in the usual manner, e.g. B. by gravity, but preferably with forced transport of the acrylic acid crystals, for example by mechanical conveyance or by hydraulic forces (z. B. loss of flow pressure when flowing through the crystal heap). Suitable washing columns are, for example, in Chem.-Ing.-Techn. 57 (1985) No. 2 pp. 91-102, Chem.-Ing.- Techn. 63 (1991) No. 9 p. 881-891, WO 99/06458, as well as in EP-A 97405, EP-A 305316, EP-A 191194, EP-A 193226, EP-A 373720, EP-A 398437, EP-A 920894, US 4735781, US 4787985, WO 00/24491 and WO 01/77056, to which reference is hereby made. The temperature difference between the acrylic acid melt returned in the washing column and the crystals supplied to the washing column will often be 2 to 15 ° C. and is in particular in the range from 2 to 10 ° C. and especially in the range from 2 to 4 ° C. For further details, reference is made to the prior art, in particular to WO 01/77056.

All of the aforementioned crystallization processes can be operated continuously or batchwise and / or combined with one another. The preferred dynamic layer crystallization is preferably carried out discontinuously, in particular if it takes place in heat exchangers with full flow, as described above. The crystallization process used to purify the acrylic acid preferably comprises at least one layer crystallization.

According to the invention, the acrylic acid obtained after purification has a total content of propionic acid and acetic acid of not more than 400 ppm, in particular not more than 300 ppm and particularly preferably not more than 200 ppm. The content of other impurities other than water, such as aromatic aldehydes, process inhibitors and other organic impurities, is generally not more than 500 ppm, in particular not more than 300 ppm and especially not more than 200 ppm, the content of aromatic aldehydes in usually not more than 20 ppm and especially not more than 10 ppm. In particular, the content of process inhibitors other than MEHQ is <10 ppm. The content of MEHQ and comparable stabilizers is generally in the range from 10 to 300 ppm and in particular 50 to 250 ppm.

Typical crude acrylic acids which can be used as a feedstock for the crystallization process contain 80 to 99.8% by weight, in particular 98.0 to 99.7% by weight, acrylic acid, at least 500 ppm, often 1000 ppm to 5% by weight. %, in particular 1000 ppm to 1% by weight of aliphatic carboxylic acids, especially acetic acid and / or propionic acid. The aromatic aldehyde content is generally in the range from 0.005 to 1% by weight, in particular 0.01 to 0.1% by weight, for example 0.005 to 0.8% by weight of furfural and 0.001 to 0.6% by weight .-% benzaldehyde. The content of process inhibitor, for example PTZ and / or 4-OH-TEMPO, is generally 0.005 to 0.3% by weight, in particular 0.02 to 0.1% by weight, in each case based on the gross composition of the crude acrylic acid. In addition, the can cleaning acrylic acid also contain other organic impurities which adversely affect the polymerization of acrylic acid, for example diacrylic acid or allyl acrylate. The proportion of these further impurities will generally not exceed 5% by weight, based on the gross composition of the crude acrylic acid, and is, for example, in the range from 0.001 to 3% by weight. The proportion of diacrylic acid naturally depends on the age, ie the storage time, of the acrylic acid and can be up to 5% by weight, frequently up to 3% by weight. It is often in the range from 0.02 to 2% by weight. The water content in crude acrylic acids is generally not more than 5% by weight, in particular not more than 3% by weight. However, it is also possible to use acrylic acid with a higher water content, for example up to 20% by weight.

Suitable crude acrylic acids are known and can be obtained by industrial processes by catalytic oxidation of C3 hydrocarbons, in particular propane, propene and their mixtures, the crude acrylic acid being known in a known manner, for example by fractional condensation, total condensation, by absorption in a suitable absorbent, for example in high-boiling organic solvents or in water, followed by a separation of the acrylic acid and the absorbent from which the reaction gas is obtained (for the production of crude acrylic acid by absorption in a high-boiling organic absorbent, for example by absorption in a mixture of diphenyl ether and diphenyl, see DE- A 21 36 396, DE-A 43 08 087 and Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Ind.Chem. 5 ^th ed. On CD-ROM, loc.cit .; for the production of crude acrylic acid via absorption in water, see, for example, EP-A 511 111 and there literature cited; for the production of crude acrylic acid by total condensation of the reaction gas and subsequently e Distillation with azeotropic tractors, see for example DE-A 34 29 391 and JP-A 1124766; for the extraction of crude acrylic acid by extraction with organic solvents, see, for example, DE-A 21 64 767, JP-A 58140039, US 3,553,261, US 4,219,389, GB 1,427,223, US 3,962,074 and DE 23 23 328; for obtaining crude acrylic acid by fractional condensation, see, for example, DE-A 197 40 253 and the older German patent application 10053086.9). Preferred crude acrylic acids are obtained by the process of EP-A 511 111 and by the process of the older German patent application 10053086.9.

The SAP is produced on the basis of acrylic acid in a manner known per se, a hydrogel being initially prepared by radical polymerization of a monomer composition containing at least 50% by weight acrylic acid in an aqueous polymerization medium. Mix under aqueous polymerization medium you stand here both aqueous solutions and water-in-oil emulsions.

Solution polymerization, in particular solution polymerization, i.e. the polymerization in homogeneous aqueous phase, and the suspension polymerization. An overview of the polymerization processes used to produce hydrogels based on acrylic acid is given by F.L. Buchholz and A.T. Graham (editor) in "Modern Superabsorbent Polymer Technology", pp. 69 to 117 and quoted there. Literature.

In a preferred embodiment of the process, the polymerization is carried out as solution polymerization using the Trommsdorff-Norrish effect (gel polymerization). For this purpose, an aqueous, generally 10 to 70% by weight and preferably 20 to 60% by weight aqueous solution of an acrylic acid-containing monomer mixture, optionally in the presence of a suitable graft base in the presence of a radical-forming substance polymerized.

In the process according to the invention, the monomer mixture containing acrylic acid is preferably used in partially or completely neutralized form, i.e. the degree of neutralization of all monomers bearing acid groups is in the range from 20 to 100%, preferably in the range from 50 to 100%. The monomer mixture is particularly preferably used in an aqueous solution with a degree of neutralization of 60 to 100%.

Alkali metal bases, ammonia and / or amine are suitable as neutralizing agents. Alkali metal bases such as sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium carbonate or potassium hydrogen carbonate or other carbonates or hydrogen carbonates are preferably used.

The polymerization is preferably carried out with the complete or complete exclusion of oxygen, since oxygen per se and the stabilizers usually present in acrylic acid in the presence of oxygen interfere with the polymerization reaction. It is therefore preferable to work under an inert gas atmosphere. In particular nitrogen is used as the inert gas. In particular, it has proven useful to purge the aqueous monomer solution to be polymerized or the monomer-containing aqueous polymerization medium with inert gas before and / or during the polymerization in step a). The polymerization is generally carried out in the temperature range from 0 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably in the range from 10 ° C. to 100 ° C., and can be carried out both under normal pressure and under elevated or reduced pressure. As usual, the polymerization can also be carried out in a protective gas atmosphere, preferably under nitrogen.

Based on their total weight, the monomer mixture to be polymerized generally contains:

50 to 99.99% by weight, preferably 70 to 99.9% by weight and in particular 80 to 99.8% by weight of acrylic acid as monomer A,

0 to 49.99% by weight, in particular 0 to 29.9% by weight and in particular 0 to 19.8% by weight of one or more monoethylenically unsaturated monomers B and copolymerizable with acrylic acid

0.01 to 20% by weight, in particular 0.1 to 15% by weight and in particular 0.2 to 3% by weight of at least one crosslinking compound C.

Here and in the following, all parts by weight are based on the total weight of all monomers to be polymerized, with weight data for monomers bearing acid groups, which may also be present as salts, always based on the acid form.

Examples of suitable monomers B are monomers B1 bearing acid groups other than acrylic acid, e.g. monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with preferably 4 to 8 carbon atoms, such as methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, α-chloroacrylic acid, cotonic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, glutaconic acid, aconitic acid and fumaric acid; Half esters of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids with 4 to 10, preferably 4 to 6, carbon atoms, e.g. B. of maleic acid such as maleic acid monomethyl ester; monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acids and phosphonic acids, for example vinylsulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, sulfoethyl acrylate, sulfoethyl methacrylate, sulfopropyl acrylate, sulfopropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-acryloxypropyl sulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropyl sulfamonic acid, 2-hydroxy -methylpropanesulfonic acid, vinyl phosphonic acid and allylphosphonic acid and the salts, in particular the sodium, potassium and ammonium salts of these acids.

Preferred monomers B1 are methacrylic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid or mixtures of these acids. The proportion of the monomers Bl in the total amount of monomers constitutes, if desired, preferably 0.1 to 29.9 and in particular 0.5 to 19.8% by weight, based on the total amount of monomer.

To optimize the properties of the polymers according to the invention, it can be useful to use monoethylenically unsaturated monomers B2 which do not carry any acid groups but are copolymerizable with acrylic acid and, if appropriate, the monomers B1 and do not have a crosslinking action. These include, for example, monoethylenically unsaturated nitriles such as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, the amides of the abovementioned monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, for example acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-vinylamides such as N-vinylformamide, N-vinyl acetamide, N-methylvinylacetamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinyl nylcaprolactam. The monomers B2 also include vinyl esters of saturated C ₄ -C ₄ -carboxylic acids such as vinyl formate, vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate, alkyl vinyl ethers with at least 2 C atoms in the alkyl group, for. B. ethyl vinyl ether or butyl vinyl ether, esters of monoethylenically unsaturated C ₃ -C ₆ carboxylic acids, for. B. esters of monohydric Cι-alcohols and acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or maleic acid, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid esters of alkoxylated monohydric, saturated alcohols, for. B. of alcohols with 10 to 25 carbon atoms, which have been reacted with 2 to 200 moles of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide per mole of alcohol, and monoacrylic acid esters and monomethacrylic acid esters of polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol, the molar masses (M _n ) of the polyalkylene - Glycols can be up to 2000, for example. Other suitable monomers B2 are styrene and alkyl-substituted styrenes such as ethylstyrene or tert-butylstyrene. The proportion of monomers B2 in the total amount of monomers will preferably not exceed 20% by weight and, if desired, is preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight.

As crosslinking compounds C are those compounds which have at least two, for. B. 2, 3, 4 or 5 ethylenically unsaturated double bonds in the molecule. These compounds are also referred to as crosslinking monomers Cl. Examples of compounds Cl are N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylates and polyethylene glycol dimethacrylates, which are each derived from polyethylene glycols with a molecular weight of 106 to 8500, preferably 400 to 2000, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycolate diacrylate acrylate - Latin, propylene glycol dimethacrylate, butanediol, butanediol, hexanediol, hexanediol, DIE thylenglykoldiacrylat, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene diacrylate dipropylene, lat Dipropylenglykoldimethacr, Tripropylenglykoldia- methacrylate, tripropylene, allyl methacrylate, Diacry- latex and dimethacrylates of block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, two-, three-, four- or five-fold polyhydric alcohols esterified with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, such as glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol, esters of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids with ethylenically unsaturated alcohols and cyclo-alcohols such as allyl Dicyclopentenyl alcohol, e.g. As allyl acrylate and allyl methacrylate, triallyl amine continues, Dialkyldiallylammoniumhalogenide as dimethyl thyldiallylammoniumchlorid and diethyldiallylammonium chloride, Te- traallylethylendiamin, divinylbenzene, diallyl phthalate, polyethylene lenglykoldivinylether of polyethylene glycols of molecular weight 106 to 4000, trimethylolpropane diallyl ether, butane dioldivinylether, pentaerythritol triallyl ether, reaction products of 1 mole of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether or polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether with 2 mol pentaerythritol triallyl ether or allyl alcohol, and divinylethylene urea. The proportion of the monomers Cl in the monomer mixture to be polymerized is preferably 0.01 to 5% by weight and in particular 0.2 to 3% by weight.

Polyfunctional connections C2 can also function as crosslinking compounds C, which have at least two z. B. have 2, 3, 4 or 5 functional groups that are complementary in terms of their reactivity to the carboxyl group of the polymer. Also suitable as crosslinker C are crosslinking monomers C3 which, in addition to an ethylenically unsaturated double bond, have at least one further functional group which is complementary to carboxyl groups. Polymers with a large number of such functional groups are also suitable. Suitable functional groups are, for example, hydroxyl, amino, epoxy and aziridine groups, furthermore isocyanate, ester and amidino groups and alkyloxysilyl groups. Suitable crosslinkers of this type include, for example, amino alcohols, such as ethanol laminate or triethanolamine, diols and polyols, such as 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerol, polyglycerol, propylene glycol , Polypropylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, polyvinyl alcohol, sorbitol, starch, block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, polyamines such as ethylene diamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetra in, tetraethylene pentamine, pentethylene hexamine and polyethylene imines as well as polyamines with molar masses of each of up to 40000000000 Sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyglycidyl ethers such as ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerol diglycidyl ether, glycerol polyglycidyl ether, diglycerol polyglycidyl ether, polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether, sorbitol polyglycidyl ether, sorbitol polyglycidyl ether Polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyaziridine compound fertilize such as 2,2-bishydroxymethylbutanol-tris [3- (1-aziridinyl) propionate], diamides of carbonic acid such as 1,6-hexamethylene-diethylene-urea, diphenylmethane-bis-4,4'-N, N '- diethylene urea, halogen epoxy compounds such as epichlorohydrin and α-methylene epifluorohydrin, polyisocyanates such as 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate, alkylene carbonates such as 1,3-dioxolan-2-one and 4-methyl-1,3- dioxolan-2-one, further bisoxazolines and oxazolidones, polyamidoamines and their reaction products with epichlorohydrin, also polyquaternary amines, such as condensation products of dimethylamine with epichlorohydrin, homo- and copolymers of diallyldimethylammonium chloride as well as homo- and copolymers of dimethylaminoethyl (meth ) acrylate, which are optionally quaternized with, for example, methyl chloride. Examples of compounds C3 are hydroxyalkyl acrylates and methacrylates and glycidyl esters of the aforementioned ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and ethylenically unsaturated glycidyl ethers.

The monomers C preferably comprise at least one monomer Cl in the amounts mentioned above. The polymerization is preferably carried out in the absence of compounds C2.

Suitable graft bases can be of natural or synthetic origin. These include strengths, i. H. native starches from the group of corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, rice starch, tapioca starch, sorghum starch, cassava starch, pea starch or mixtures thereof, modified starches, starch degradation products, e.g. B. oxidatively, enzymatically or hydrolytically degraded starches, dextrins, z. B. Röstdextrine and lower oligo and polysaccharide, z. B. Cyclodextrins with 4 to 8 ring members. Cellulose, starch and cellulose derivatives can also be considered as oligosaccharides. Also suitable are polyvinyl alcohols, homopolymers and copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone, polyamines, polyamides, hydrophilic polyesters or polyalkylene oxides, in particular polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide. Suitable polyalkylene oxides have the general formula I

X _R lo (CH ₂ CH 0) _n R ² (I)

wherein R ¹ , R ^{2 are} independently hydrogen; Cχ-C ₄ alkyl; C ₂ -C ₆ alkenyl, aryl, especially phenyl; or (meth) acrylic; X represents hydrogen or methyl and n represents an integer from 1 to 1000, in particular 10 to 400. Possible polymerization reactors are the reactors customary for the preparation, in the case of solution polymerization in particular belt reactors, extruders and kneaders (see "Modern Superabsorbent Polymer Technology", Chapter 3.2.3). The polymers are particularly preferably prepared by a continuous or batch kneading process.

In principle, all compounds which decompose when heated to the polymerization temperature to form free radicals are suitable as initiators. The polymerization can also be carried out by exposure to high-energy radiation, e.g. B. UV radiation in the presence of photoinitiators. It is also possible to initiate the polymerization by the action of electron beams on the polymerizable, aqueous mixture.

Suitable initiators are, for example, peroxo compounds such as organic peroxides, organic hydroperoxides, hydrogen peroxide, persulfates, perborates, azo compounds and the so-called redox catalysts. Water-soluble initiators are preferred. In some cases it is advantageous to use mixtures of different polymerization initiators, e.g. B. mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and sodium or potassium peroxodisulfate. Suitable organic peroxides are, for example, acetylacetone peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, tert-amyl perpivalate, tert-butyl perpivalate, tert-butyl perneohexanoate, tert-butyl perisobutyrate, tert-butyl per-2-tert-1-hexanoate -Butyl perisononanoate, tert-butyl permaleate, tert-butyl perbenzoate, di- (2-ethylhexyl) peroxidicarbonate, dicyclohexyl-peroxidicarbonate, di- (4-tert. tert. -Butylper-3, 5, 5-trimethylhexanoate, acetylcyclohexylsulfonyl peroxide, dilauryl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide and tert-amyl perneodecanoate. Particularly suitable polymerization initiators are water-soluble azo starters, e.g. B. 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, 2,2'-azobis (N, N'-dimethylene) isobutyramidine dihydrochloride, 2- (carbamoylazo) isobutyronitrile, 2, 2'-azobis [2- (2 '-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride and 4,4'-azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid). The polymerization initiators mentioned are used in customary amounts, e.g. in amounts of 0.01 to 5, preferably 0.05 to 2.0% by weight, based on the monomers to be polymerized.

The preferred redox initiators are water-soluble initiators and contain at least one of the above-mentioned peroxo compounds as the oxidizing component and, for example, ascorbic acid, glucose, sorbose, ammonium or alkali metal sulfite, hydrogen sulfite, thiosulfate, hy- posulfite, pyrosulfite or sulfide, metal salts such as iron (II) ions or sodium hydroxymethyl sulfoxylate. Ascorbic acid or sodium sulfite is preferably used as the reducing component of the redox catalyst. Based on the amount of monomers used in the polymerization, for example 3 × 10 ^-6 to 1 mol% of the reducing component of the redox catalyst system and 0.001 to 5.0 mol% of the oxidizing component of the redox catalyst are used.

If the polymerization is triggered by the action of high-energy radiation, so-called photoinitiators are usually used as initiators.

The production of the hydrogel in step a) of the process according to the invention can also include subsequent crosslinking of the gel. In the subsequent crosslinking (so-called gel crosslinking), polymers which have been prepared by the polymerization of acrylic acid and optionally monoethylenically unsaturated comonomers B are reacted with compounds C2 which have at least two groups which are reactive toward the carboxyl groups. This reaction can take place at room temperature or at elevated temperatures up to 220 ° C. For subsequent crosslinking (gel crosslinking), the crosslinkers C2 are added to the polymers obtained in amounts of from 0.5 to 20% by weight, preferably from 1 to 14% by weight, based on the amount of the polymer.

The polymers obtained in step a) are generally obtained as hydrogels. Their moisture content is usually in the range from 20 to 80% by weight. The hydrogel thus obtained is then converted into a particulate hydrogel or a hydrogel-forming powder in a manner known per se.

For this purpose, the hydrogel obtained during the polymerization is generally first comminuted using known methods. The coarse comminution of the hydrogels is carried out using conventional tearing and / or cutting tools, e.g. B. by the action of a discharge pump in the case of polymerization in a cylindrical reactor or by a cutting roller or cutting roller combination in the case of belt polymerization.

If the monomer mixture was used in non-neutralized form, the acidic polymer obtained can be brought to the desired degree of neutralization, as a rule at least 25 mol%, preferably at least 50 mol%, in particular 90 to 100 mol%, based on monomer units bearing acid groups bring. Alternatively, the setting of the neutralization of also during the polymerization, e.g. B. in the kneader.

The preferably neutralized or partially neutralized polymer thus obtained is then at an elevated temperature, for. B. in the range of 80 ° C to 250 ° C and in particular in the range of 100 ° C to 180 ° C, dried by known methods (see "Modern Superabsorbent Polymer Technology" Chapter 3.2.5). The polymers are obtained in the form of powders or granules which, if necessary, are subjected to a number of grinding and sieving processes to adjust the particle size (see "Modern Superabsorbent Polymer Technology", chapters 3.2.6 and 3.2.7).

The method according to the invention preferably comprises surface postcrosslinking. The surface postcrosslinking is carried out in a manner known per se using dried, preferably ground and sieved polymer particles or using hydrogels. For surface crosslinking, compounds are used which have at least two functional groups which can react with the functional groups, preferably the carboxyl groups, of the polymers obtained in step a) with crosslinking (postcrosslinking agent). The functional groups can be present in the postcrosslinking agent in latent form, ie they are only released under the reaction conditions of the surface postcrosslinking. Suitable functional groups in postcrosslinking agents are hydroxyl groups, glycidyl groups, alkoxysilyl groups, aziridine groups, primary and secondary amino groups, N-methylol groups (= N-hydroxymethyl groups, N-CH-OH groups), oxazolidine groups, urea and thiourea groups, optionally reversible blocked isocycanate groups as well as cyclic carbonate groups as in ethylene carbonate. For surface postcrosslinking, the postcrosslinking agents are applied to the surface of the polymer particles, preferably in the form of an aqueous solution. The aqueous solution can contain water-miscible organic solvents. Suitable solvents are, for example, -C ₄ alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone.

Suitable post-crosslinking agents are, for example:

Di- or polyglycidyl compounds such as phosphonic acid diglycidyl ester or ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, bischlorohydrin ether of polyalkylene glycols,

alkoxysilyl Compounds containing polyaziridines, aziridine units based on polyethers or substituted hydrocarbons, for example bis-N-aziridinomethane,

Polyamines or polyamidoamines and their reaction products with epichlorohydrin,

Diols and polyols, for example ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, glycerol, methyltriglycol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, polyethylene glycols with an average molecular weight M _w of 200-10000, di- and polyglycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, the oxyethylates of these polyols and their esters with carboxylic acids or with carbonic acid such as ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate,

Carbonic acid derivatives such as urea, thiourea, guanidine, dicyandiamide, 2-oxazolidinone and its derivatives, bisoxazoline, polyoxazolines, di- and polyisocyanates,

Di- and poly-N-methylol compounds such as, for example, methylbis (N-methylol methacrylamide) or melamine-formaldehyde resins,

Compounds with two or more blocked isocyanate groups such as trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate blocked with 2,2,3,6-tetramethyl-piperidinone-4.

In a special embodiment of the process according to the invention, such crosslinking agents are used which form ester groups with the carboxyl groups of the polymer. Examples of these are the aforementioned diols and polyols, their esters with carboxylic acids or with carbonic acid, and di- and polyglycidyl compounds and their mixtures.

If necessary, acidic catalysts such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate can be added.

The crosslinking agent solution is preferably applied by spraying on a solution of the crosslinking agent in conventional reaction mixers or mixing and drying systems such as Paterson-Kelly mixers, DRAIS turbulence mixers, Lödige mixers, screw mixers, plate mixers, fluidized bed mixers and Schugi mix. After spraying on the crosslinking agent solution, a temperature treatment step can follow, preferably in a sustained dryer, at a temperature between 80 and 230 ° C, preferably 80 to 190 ° C, and particularly preferably between 100 and 160 ° C, over a period of 5 minutes to 6 hours, preferably 10 minutes to 2 hours and particularly preferably 10 minutes to 1 hour, it being possible for both cleavage products and solvent components to be removed. However, drying can also take place in the mixer itself, by heating the jacket or by blowing in a preheated carrier gas.

The SAP based on acrylic acid obtained by the process according to the invention are particularly odorless, i.e. unlike the SAPs known to date, they only have a very weak or no unpleasant smell. They are therefore particularly suitable for the production of hygiene articles.

The present invention thus also relates to the SAPs obtainable by this process and their use for the production of hygiene articles such as diapers, incontinence pads and pants, tampons or sanitary napkins. The present invention further relates to hygiene articles with an absorption body which contains at least one water-absorbing agent according to the invention.

The structure and shape of hygiene articles, in particular diapers, bandages and incontinence pads and pants for adults, is generally known and is described, for example, in EP-A-0 316 518, EP-A-0 202 127, DE 19737434, WO 00/65084, in particular p. 6-15, WO 00/65348, in particular p. 4-17 and WO 00/35502, in particular p. 3-9.

Typical hygiene items in the form of diapers, sanitary napkins and incontinence pads and pants include:

(A) an upper liquid permeable cover

(B) a lower liquid impervious layer

(C) a core located between (A) and (B), containing (Cl) 10-100% by weight of the SAP according to the invention

(C2) 0 - 90% by weight of hydrophilic fiber material

(D) optionally a tissue layer and immediately above and below the core (C)

(E) optionally a receiving layer between (A) and (C).

The liquid-permeable cover (A) is the layer that has direct skin contact. The material for this consists of conventional synthetic or semi-synthetic fibers or films of polyester, polyolefins, rayon or natural fibers such as cotton. In the case of nonwoven materials, the fibers are usually made of binders such as polyacrylates connect to. Preferred materials are polyester, rayon and their blends, polyethylene and polypropylene.

The liquid-impermeable layer (B) generally consists of a film made of polyethylene or polypropylene.

In addition to the hydrogel-forming graft polymer (Cl), the core (C) contains hydrophilic fiber material (C2). Hydrophilic is understood to mean that aqueous liquids are quickly distributed over the fiber. Usually the fiber material is cellulose, modified cellulose, rayon, polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate. Cellulose fibers such as cellulose are particularly preferred. The fibers generally have a diameter of 1 to 200 μm, preferably 10 to 100 μm. In addition, the fibers have a minimum length of 2 mm.

The proportion of the hydrophilic fiber material based on the total amount of the core is preferably 20 to 80% by weight, particularly preferably 40 to 70% by weight.

The super absorbers produced by the process according to the invention and the hygiene articles produced using them are surprisingly distinguished by a particularly low intrinsic odor. They are therefore also the subject of the present invention.

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention without, however, being restrictive.

In all cases, a pure acrylic acid was used which was obtained from a crude acrylic acid prepared by the process of DE-A 4308087 by crystallization or distillation, in all cases the content of diacrylic acid <500 ppm, the content of aromatic aldehydes <5 ppm and Process inhibitor content was <5 ppm.

Example 1: Superabsorber I

A partially neutralized acrylic acid / sodium acrylate solution was prepared from 1735 g of a pure acrylic acid A with a content of 160 ppm acetic acid and 30 ppm propionic acid, produced by crystallization of crude acrylic acid, 1445 g of a 50% strength by weight aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and 2760 g of water Usually freed of oxygen by treatment with nitrogen in a stripping column in countercurrent. The largely oxygen-free solution was transferred to a trough kneader with jacket heating (type LUK 8 from Werner & Pfleiderer) and mixed with it 7.8 g of polyethylene glycol diacrylate were added. The reactor was blanketed with nitrogen throughout the reaction. With the stirrer shafts switched on, 33.12 g of sodium peroxodisulfate were first added as a 15% strength by weight aqueous solution and then 20.79 g of ascorbic acid as a 0.5% strength by weight solution. After the addition had ended, the contents of the kneader were heated (temperature of the heating liquid 74 ° C.). This resulted in a spontaneous heating of the kneader content and a sharp increase in viscosity. As soon as the maximum temperature of the kneader content was exceeded, the heating was switched off and left for 15 min. post-polymerize. The contents of the kneader were cooled to 50 to 60 ° C., placed in a thin layer on a drying sieve and dried for 90 minutes. at 160 ° C. The dried polymer was then comminuted by grinding and sieving to a final grain size of 100-850 μm.

1.8 kg of the powder thus prepared were placed in a Lödige ploughshare mixer with 5 1 content. This was sprayed on within 5 to 10 minutes. a solution of 1.4 g of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether in 59 g of water and 29 g of 1,2-propanediol. The mixture was heated to 120 ° C. and the temperature was kept for 60 minutes. with the solvent distilling off. Then it was cooled and the grain fraction was sieved 100-850 μm.

Example 2: Superabsorber II

A superabsorber II was prepared analogously to Example 1, but instead of pure acrylic acid A, a pure acrylic acid B obtained by crystallization and containing 240 ppm acetic acid and 60 ppm propionic acid was used.

Example 3: Superabsorber III

A superabsorber III was produced analogously to Example 1, but instead of pure acrylic acid A, a pure acrylic acid C obtained by distillation and containing 1200 ppm acetic acid and 300 ppm propionic acid was used, the content of diacrylic acid <500 ppm and the content of aromatic aldehydes <5 ppm and the content of process inhibitors was <5 ppm.

The superabsorbers I to III thus produced were then subjected to an odor test. For this purpose, 5 samples of 15 g each of the respective superabsorbent were annealed in gas-tightly closed sample containers at 30 ° C. for 5 h. Subsequently, 5 test persons rated the smell of the sample on a scale from 1 to 5, 1 for no or hardly noticeable smell, 2 for a slight, 3 for a clear 4 for a strong and 5 stands for a very strong smell. The results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1:

1) Total concentration of acetic acid and propionic acid, based on acrylic acid

As can be seen from Table 1, superabsorbers produced according to the invention have no or barely perceptible intrinsic odor, whereas the superabsorber not according to the invention has a strong to very strong intrinsic odor. In addition, the Superabsorber III was rated by all test subjects as having an unpleasant smell.

Claims

claims

1. A process for the preparation of a low-odor, hydrogel-forming polymer based on acrylic acid, comprising the following steps:

a) preparation of a polymeric hydrogel by radical polymerization of a monomer composition containing at least 50% by weight of acrylic acid in an aqueous polymerization medium and conversion of the hydrogel into a particulate hydrogel or a hydrogel-forming powder; and if necessary

characterized in that the acrylic acid used in step a) contains less than 400 ppm (parts by weight based on acrylic acid) volatile, saturated carboxylic acids selected from acetic acid and propionic acid.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step a) an acrylic acid is used, which by a single or multi-stage crystallization of a crude acrylic acid containing acetic acid and / or propionic acid in the range of 0.1 to 5 wt .-% was obtained.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that in step a) an acrylic acid is used, which was obtained by a one- or multi-stage crystallization of the crude acrylic acid at a temperature in the range from 0 to 13 ° C.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the acrylic acid in step a) is used in the form of a partially or completely neutralized, aqueous acrylic acid solution.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crosslinking agent in step c) is selected from compounds which form ester groups with the carboxyl groups of the polymer.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the monomer mixture to be polymerized in step a), based on its total weight

50 to 99.99% by weight of acrylic acid as monomer A,

0 to 49.99% by weight of one or more monoethylenically unsaturated monomers B and copolymerizable with acrylic acid

0.01 to 30 wt .-% comprises at least one crosslinking compound C.

7. Use of an acrylic acid with a propionic acid and acetic acid content of less than 400 ppm for the production of a low-odor, hydrogel-forming polymer based on acrylic acid.

8. Hydrogel-forming polymer, obtainable by a process according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. Use of a hydrogel-forming polymer according to claim 8 for the production of hygiene articles.

10. Hygiene article with an absorbent body containing at least one hydrogel-forming polymer according to claim 8.