EP1497870A1 - Concentration solar battery protected against heating - Google Patents

Concentration solar battery protected against heating

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Publication number
EP1497870A1
EP1497870A1 EP03740544A EP03740544A EP1497870A1 EP 1497870 A1 EP1497870 A1 EP 1497870A1 EP 03740544 A EP03740544 A EP 03740544A EP 03740544 A EP03740544 A EP 03740544A EP 1497870 A1 EP1497870 A1 EP 1497870A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
concentrator
layer
radiation
flux
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03740544A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Johan Résidence le Flavia Ransquin
Laurent D'abrigeon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel CIT SA, Alcatel SA filed Critical Alcatel CIT SA
Publication of EP1497870A1 publication Critical patent/EP1497870A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to photovoltaic generators which operate with concentration of incident light and which are protected against the effects of the additional heating induced by this concentration. It more specifically applies to photovoltaic generators used in artificial satellites and which operate on the basis of sunlight.
  • This generator comprises a set of photovoltaic cells 101 covered with a transparent plate 102.
  • This transparent plate serves on the one hand to protect the surface of the cells, and on the other hand to filter the direct solar radiation received 103 so as not to leave arrive on the cells as useful radiation 104 and reflect unnecessary radiation (infrared and ultraviolet for example) 105, because it cannot be absorbed by the cells to generate electricity. In practice this separation is imperfect and the reflection is not total. Part of the radiation 105 therefore penetrates into the layer 102 where it is largely absorbed, a small part arriving at the level of the cell where it is also absorbed there but without producing electricity.
  • the solar flux 107 then arriving on this concentrator is reflected towards the surface of the layer 102 in the form of a reflected flux 108.
  • the useful part of the radiation reflected enters the layer 102 in the form of a flux 109 to excite the cell 101.
  • the other part is reflected in the form of a flux 110.
  • the effects of the flux coming from the concentrator are the same as those of the flux direct and therefore cause additional heating of the solar panel, the greater the concentration.
  • the concentrators 106 consist of simple reflecting surfaces, generally metallic, to be as light as possible. These surfaces practically do not absorb the incident flux 107 and return it entirely in the form of the reflected flux 108. Under these conditions, the operating temperature of the concentrators 106 is cold.
  • the invention provides a concentrated photovoltaic generator, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by a transparent protective layer, and a concentrator. reflecting, mainly characterized in that the concentrator is covered with a filter to eliminate in the light flux reflected by the concentrator towards the photoelectric cell most of the “useless” radiations which cannot excite the photovoltaic cell.
  • the filter is formed of a layer made of materials absorbing the "useless" part of the radiation.
  • the layer forming the filter is of constant thickness.
  • the filter is formed of a layer whose outer face is oriented to deflect this "unnecessary" radiation outside the photovoltaic cell.
  • the transparent layer is of decreasing thickness so that its outer face is not parallel to the reflecting surface of the concentrator.
  • the outer face of the transparent layer forming the filter is etched in Fresnel steps.
  • Figure 1 an end view of a generator according to the prior art x ;
  • Figure 2 a view under the same conditions of a generator according to a first embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 3 a view under the same conditions of a generator according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the invention therefore consists in placing on the concentrator panel 106 a filter which makes it possible to limit the radiation reflected towards the photoelectric cells essentially at the wavelengths usable by the latter.
  • the radiation at the wavelengths thus eliminated are absorbed at the level of the concentrator to heat it so as to avoid it becoming a cold trap.
  • the concentrator 106 is covered with a transparent layer 206 whose outer face 116 is inclined relative to the plane of the reflective face of the concentrator 106, so that the luminous flux 107 be divided into two parts.
  • a first part 207 corresponding to the wavelengths useful for photoelectric conversion, enters the filter, is reflected by the concentrator 106 in the form of a flux 217, then emerges through the inclined face of the filter 206 to refract in forming a beam 208 directed towards the upper face of the transparent layer 102 which protects the cells 101.
  • a second part 218 of the flux 107 is reflected by total reflection on the upper face of the filter 206 in the form of a stream 218 which is directed towards the space outside the photoelectric device.
  • the flux 208 contains a certain percentage of non-useful wavelengths, a part of which is reflected in the form of a flux 210 and a residual part nevertheless contributes to the parasitic heating of the cells 101.
  • this effect is weaker than in the absence of a filter.
  • the necessary inclinations of the concentrator 106 relative to the cells 101 and of the external face 116 of the filter 206 relative to this concentrator are studied so that there is indeed total reflection of the unnecessary wavelengths on this inclined face 116 (we recall that the refraction when passing from one medium to another, and therefore the possible total reflection, depend on the wavelength of the light rays, which allows this separation), and so that the combination of the reflection on the concentrator 106 and of the refraction at the passage of the face 116 make it possible to direct the useful wavelengths towards the external surface of the transparent layer 102.
  • the filter 206 is produced in the form of a relatively thick blade, the thickness of which decreases from one end to the other of the surface of the concentrator 106 in order to obtain the desired inclination. This causes a relatively large increase in the weight of the assembly, which is not necessarily desirable.
  • the filter 206 will be formed of a transparent refractive layer whose average thickness will be substantially constant and as small as possible. To get the desired effect, the outer face 116 of this layer will be machined in Fresnel steps so as to locally obtain the desired effect while limiting the overall thickness of the filter.
  • a filter 306 is used placed on the reflecting surface of the concentrator 106 and which is formed of a flat blade of uniform thickness.
  • This plate is made of an absorbent material for the “useless” components of the incident solar flux 107, but transparent for the “useful” components of this same flux (those which make it possible to obtain a photoelectric conversion in the cells 101).
  • angles and the refractive index of the material making up the layer 306 are chosen so that the path 307 of the solar flux in the layer 306 is the same on the outward and return path, the reflection on the concentrator 106 taking place in a direction normal to the surface thereof. This is only a special case and these paths may be different, in the same way as in FIG. 2.
  • the solar flux 308 is therefore largely rid of these "unnecessary" components and it then strikes the outer surface of the transparent layer 102 to excite the cells 101 along a path 309 due to refraction.
  • part of this “useless” flux is reflected on the surface of the transparent layer 102 to form a flux 310 which is lost in the stellar vacuum, and only a tiny part of this “useless” radiation "Is contained in flow 309 and contributes very little to the parasitic heating of cells 101.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns concentration solar batteries which are protected against heating caused by the fraction of solar radiation which does not enable excitation of the photovoltaic cells (101) constituting said generator. It consists in covering the concentrator (106) which reflects the solar flux (107) towards the photovoltaic cells (101) with a filter (206) which enables the useless part of the radiation to be eliminated. It consists in using for that purpose either an absorbent material or an oblique or Fresnel stepped arrangement of the outer surface (107) of said transparent layer enabling said useless part to be reflected outside the photovoltaic cells (101).

Description

GENERATEUR PHOTOVOLTAÏQUE A CONCENTRATION PROTEGE CONTRE L'ECHAUFFE ENT . CONCENTRATION PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATOR PROTECTED AGAINST HEATING ENT.
La présente invention se rapporte aux générateurs photovoltaïques qui fonctionnent avec concentration de la lumière incidente et qui sont protégés contre les effets de l' échauffement supplémentaire induit par cette concentration. Elle s'applique plus spécialement aux générateurs photovoltaïques utilisés dans les satellites artificiels et qui fonctionnent à partir de la lumière solaire.The present invention relates to photovoltaic generators which operate with concentration of incident light and which are protected against the effects of the additional heating induced by this concentration. It more specifically applies to photovoltaic generators used in artificial satellites and which operate on the basis of sunlight.
Il est connu pour alimenter les satellites artificiels en énergie électrique d'utiliser un générateur photovoltaïque tel que représenté sommairement et partiellement en vue de bout sur la figure 1.It is known to supply artificial satellites with electrical energy by using a photovoltaic generator as shown briefly and partially in end view in FIG. 1.
Ce générateur comprend un ensemble de cellules photovoltaïques 101 recouvert d'une lame transparente 102. Cette lame transparente sert d'une part à protéger la surface des cellules, et d'autre part à filtrer le rayonnement solaire direct reçu 103 de manière à ne laisser arriver sur les cellules que le rayonnement utile 104 et à réfléchir le rayonnement inutile (infrarouge et ultraviolet par exemple) 105, car il ne peut pas être absorbé par les cellules pour produire de l'électricité. Dans la pratique cette séparation est imparfaite et la réflexion n'est pas totale. Une partie du rayonnement 105 pénètre donc dans la couche 102 où elle est en grande partie absorbée, une faible partie arrivant au niveau de la cellule où elle est là aussi absorbée mais sans produire d'électricité. Cette absorption partielle, tant par la couche 102 que par la cellule 101, provoque un échauffement supplémentaire de l'ensemble, qui vient s'ajouter à celui du fonctionnement normal de la cellule (effet Joule, pertes diverses) . Cet échauffement parasite entraîne une augmentation de la température de fonctionnement de la cellule et, consécutivement, une baisse du rendement photovoltaïque, car les performances d'une cellule se dégradent lorsque la température augmente. Les cellules photovoltaïques sont des organes coûteux et délicats et leur assemblage en panneaux nécessite une structure dont le poids n'est pas négligeable. En outre l'effet du rayonnement solaire direct ne les amène nullement à saturation en ce qui concerne la conversion photovoltaïque.This generator comprises a set of photovoltaic cells 101 covered with a transparent plate 102. This transparent plate serves on the one hand to protect the surface of the cells, and on the other hand to filter the direct solar radiation received 103 so as not to leave arrive on the cells as useful radiation 104 and reflect unnecessary radiation (infrared and ultraviolet for example) 105, because it cannot be absorbed by the cells to generate electricity. In practice this separation is imperfect and the reflection is not total. Part of the radiation 105 therefore penetrates into the layer 102 where it is largely absorbed, a small part arriving at the level of the cell where it is also absorbed there but without producing electricity. This partial absorption, both by the layer 102 and by the cell 101, causes additional heating of the assembly, which is added to that of the normal functioning of the cell (Joule effect, various losses). This parasitic heating causes an increase in the operating temperature of the cell and, consequently, a reduction in the photovoltaic efficiency, because the performance of a cell degrades when the temperature increases. Photovoltaic cells are expensive and delicate organs and their assembly into panels requires a structure whose weight is not negligible. Furthermore, the effect of direct solar radiation in no way leads to saturation with regard to the photovoltaic conversion.
Il est donc connu, pour augmenter la puissance électrique fournie par un panneau de dimensions données, de concentrer la lumière solaire sur la surface des cellules solaires le recouvrant. Pour cela, on utilise le plus généralement une solution simple consistant à entourer ce panneau, ou plus localement les cellules, de réflecteurs plans inclinés tel que le réflecteur 106. On n'a représenté sur la figure, à titre de simplification, qu'un seul de ces réflecteurs, mais il est d'usage d'en utiliser plusieurs, au moins deux situés de part et d' autre du panneau, ou plus localement entre des rangées de cellules sur le panneau..It is therefore known, in order to increase the electrical power supplied by a panel of given dimensions, to concentrate sunlight on the surface of the solar cells covering it. For this, we generally use a simple solution consisting in surrounding this panel, or more locally the cells, with inclined plane reflectors such as the reflector 106. We have shown in the figure, for simplification, only one only one of these reflectors, but it is customary to use several of them, at least two located on either side of the panel, or more locally between rows of cells on the panel.
Le flux solaire 107 arrivant alors sur ce concentrateur est réfléchi vers la surface de la couche 102 sous la forme d'un flux réfléchi 108. Comme dans le cas du flux direct 103, la partie utile du rayonnement réfléchi pénètre dans la couche 102 sous la forme d'un flux 109 pour venir exciter la cellule 101. L'autre partie est réfléchie sous la forme d'un flux 110. Les effets du flux provenant du concentrateur sont les mêmes que ceux du flux direct et entraînent donc un échauffement supplémentaire du panneau solaire, d'autant plus grand que la concentration est plus grande.The solar flux 107 then arriving on this concentrator is reflected towards the surface of the layer 102 in the form of a reflected flux 108. As in the case of the direct flux 103, the useful part of the radiation reflected enters the layer 102 in the form of a flux 109 to excite the cell 101. The other part is reflected in the form of a flux 110. The effects of the flux coming from the concentrator are the same as those of the flux direct and therefore cause additional heating of the solar panel, the greater the concentration.
Cet échauffement supplémentaire entraîne une chute de rendement de conversion photovoltaïque car les performances des cellules solaires se dégradent lorsque leur température de fonctionnement augmente. Ce phénomène contrebalance donc un peu l'intérêt de l'utilisation d'un concentrateur.This additional heating leads to a drop in photovoltaic conversion efficiency because the performance of the solar cells degrades when their operating temperature increases. This phenomenon therefore somewhat counterbalances the advantage of using a concentrator.
En outre, les concentrateurs 106 sont constitués de surfaces réfléchissantes simples, généralement métalliques, pour être les plus légers possible. Ces surfaces n'absorbent pratiquement pas le flux incident 107 et le renvoient en totalité sous forme du flux réfléchi 108. Dans ces conditions, la température de fonctionnement des concentrateurs 106 est froide.In addition, the concentrators 106 consist of simple reflecting surfaces, generally metallic, to be as light as possible. These surfaces practically do not absorb the incident flux 107 and return it entirely in the form of the reflected flux 108. Under these conditions, the operating temperature of the concentrators 106 is cold.
Ces concentrateurs deviennent alors des pièges froids importants pour toutes les molécules qui circulent et leur surface se pollue rapidement, ce qui entraîne une baisse importante de leur efficacité réflective, et finalement une chute elle-même importante de l'efficacité de l'ensemble du générateur photovoltaïque.These concentrators then become important cold traps for all the molecules that circulate and their surface is rapidly polluted, which leads to a significant drop in their reflective efficiency, and ultimately a significant drop in the efficiency of the entire generator. photovoltaic.
Pour pallier ces inconvénients, l'invention propose un générateur photovoltaïque à concentration, comprenant au moins une cellule photovoltaïque recouverte par une couche de protection transparente, et un concentrateur réfléchissant, principalement caractérisé en ce que le concentrateur est recouvert d'un filtre pour éliminer dans le flux lumineux réfléchi par le concentrateur vers la cellule photoélectrique la plus grande partie des rayonnements « inutiles » ne pouvant pas exciter la cellule photovoltaïque.To overcome these drawbacks, the invention provides a concentrated photovoltaic generator, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by a transparent protective layer, and a concentrator. reflecting, mainly characterized in that the concentrator is covered with a filter to eliminate in the light flux reflected by the concentrator towards the photoelectric cell most of the “useless” radiations which cannot excite the photovoltaic cell.
Selon une autre caractéristique, le filtre est formé d' une couche réalisée en matériaux absorbant la partie «inutile » des rayonnements. Selon une autre caractéristique, la couche formant le filtre est d'épaisseur constante.According to another characteristic, the filter is formed of a layer made of materials absorbing the "useless" part of the radiation. According to another characteristic, the layer forming the filter is of constant thickness.
Selon une autre caractéristique, le filtre est formé d' une couche dont la face extérieure est orientée pour dévier ces rayonnements « inutiles» en dehors de la cellule photovoltaïque.According to another characteristic, the filter is formed of a layer whose outer face is oriented to deflect this "unnecessary" radiation outside the photovoltaic cell.
Selon une autre caractéristique, la couche transparente est d'épaisseur décroissante pour que sa face extérieure ne soit pas parallèle à la surface réfléchissante du concentrateur. Selon une autre caractéristique, la face extérieure de la couche transparente formant le filtre est gravée en échelons de Fresnel.According to another characteristic, the transparent layer is of decreasing thickness so that its outer face is not parallel to the reflecting surface of the concentrator. According to another characteristic, the outer face of the transparent layer forming the filter is etched in Fresnel steps.
D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront clairement dans la description suivante, présentée à titre d'exemple non limitatif en regard des figures annexées qui représentent : la figure 1, une vue de bout d'un générateur selon lxart antérieur ; la figure 2 une vue dans les mêmes conditions d'un générateur selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ; et la figure 3, une vue dans les mêmes conditions d'un générateur selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention.Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description, given by way of nonlimiting example with reference to the appended figures which represent: Figure 1, an end view of a generator according to the prior art x ; Figure 2 a view under the same conditions of a generator according to a first embodiment of the invention; and Figure 3, a view under the same conditions of a generator according to a second embodiment of the invention.
L' invention consiste donc à disposer sur le panneau concentrateur 106 un filtre qui permet de limiter le rayonnement réfléchi vers les cellules photoélectriques essentiellement aux longueurs d'onde utilisables par celles-ci. Dans une variante, les rayonnements aux longueurs d' onde ainsi éliminées sont absorbés au niveau du concentrateur pour réchauffer celui-ci afin de lui éviter de se transformer en piège froid.The invention therefore consists in placing on the concentrator panel 106 a filter which makes it possible to limit the radiation reflected towards the photoelectric cells essentially at the wavelengths usable by the latter. In a variant, the radiation at the wavelengths thus eliminated are absorbed at the level of the concentrator to heat it so as to avoid it becoming a cold trap.
Dans un premier mode de réalisation, représenté en figure 2, le concentrateur 106 est recouvert d'une couche transparente 206 dont la face extérieure 116 est inclinée par rapport au plan de la face réflectrice du concentrateur 106, de manière à ce que le flux lumineux 107 soit divisé en deux parties. Une première partie 207, correspondant aux longueurs d'onde utiles à la conversion photoélectrique, pénètre dans le filtre, est réfléchie par le concentrateur 106 sous la forme d'un flux 217, puis ressort par la face inclinée du filtre 206 pour se réfracter en formant un faisceau 208 dirigé vers la face supérieure de la couche transparente 102 qui protège les cellules 101. Une deuxième partie 218 du flux 107, correspondant aux longueurs d'ondes non utiles pour la conversion photoélectrique, est réfléchie par réflexion totale sur la face supérieure du filtre 206 sous la forme d'un flux 218 qui est dirigé vers l'espace extérieur au dispositif photoélectrique. Compte tenu des imperfections inévitables et des effets de transition, le flux 208 contient cependant un certain pourcentage de longueurs d'ondes non utiles dont une partie est réfléchie sous la forme d'un flux 210 et une partie résiduelle vient quand même contribuer à l' échauffement parasite des cellules 101. Toutefois cet effet est plus faible qu'en l'absence de filtre.In a first embodiment, shown in FIG. 2, the concentrator 106 is covered with a transparent layer 206 whose outer face 116 is inclined relative to the plane of the reflective face of the concentrator 106, so that the luminous flux 107 be divided into two parts. A first part 207, corresponding to the wavelengths useful for photoelectric conversion, enters the filter, is reflected by the concentrator 106 in the form of a flux 217, then emerges through the inclined face of the filter 206 to refract in forming a beam 208 directed towards the upper face of the transparent layer 102 which protects the cells 101. A second part 218 of the flux 107, corresponding to the wavelengths not useful for photoelectric conversion, is reflected by total reflection on the upper face of the filter 206 in the form of a stream 218 which is directed towards the space outside the photoelectric device. Taking into account the inevitable imperfections and the transition effects, the flux 208 however contains a certain percentage of non-useful wavelengths, a part of which is reflected in the form of a flux 210 and a residual part nevertheless contributes to the parasitic heating of the cells 101. However, this effect is weaker than in the absence of a filter.
Les inclinaisons nécessaires du concentrateur 106 par rapport aux cellules 101 et de la face extérieure 116 du filtre 206 par rapport à ce concentrateur sont étudiées pour qu' il y ait bien réflexion totale des longueurs d'onde inutiles sur cette face inclinée 116 (on rappelle que la réfraction au passage d'un milieu dans un autre, et donc la réflexion totale éventuelle, dépendent de la longueur d'onde des rayons lumineux, ce qui permet cette séparation ) , et pour que la combinaison de la réflexion sur le concentrateur 106 et de la réfraction au passage de la face 116 permettent de diriger les longueurs d' onde utiles vers la surface extérieure de la couche transparente 102.The necessary inclinations of the concentrator 106 relative to the cells 101 and of the external face 116 of the filter 206 relative to this concentrator are studied so that there is indeed total reflection of the unnecessary wavelengths on this inclined face 116 (we recall that the refraction when passing from one medium to another, and therefore the possible total reflection, depend on the wavelength of the light rays, which allows this separation), and so that the combination of the reflection on the concentrator 106 and of the refraction at the passage of the face 116 make it possible to direct the useful wavelengths towards the external surface of the transparent layer 102.
Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure, le filtre 206 est réalisé sous la forme d'une lame relativement épaisse dont l'épaisseur va en s' amenuisant d'une extrémité à l' autre de la surface du concentrateur 106 pour obtenir l'inclinaison souhaitée. Ceci provoque une augmentation relativement importante du poids de l'ensemble, qui n'est pas forcément souhaitable.In the example shown in the figure, the filter 206 is produced in the form of a relatively thick blade, the thickness of which decreases from one end to the other of the surface of the concentrator 106 in order to obtain the desired inclination. This causes a relatively large increase in the weight of the assembly, which is not necessarily desirable.
Dans une variante de réalisation, le filtre 206 sera formé d'une couche transparente réfractrice dont l'épaisseur moyenne sera sensiblement constante et la plus faible possible. Pour obtenir alors l'effet désiré, la face extérieure 116 de cette couche sera usinée en échelons de Fresnel de façon à obtenir localement l'effet désiré tout en limitant l'épaisseur globale du filtre.In an alternative embodiment, the filter 206 will be formed of a transparent refractive layer whose average thickness will be substantially constant and as small as possible. To get the desired effect, the outer face 116 of this layer will be machined in Fresnel steps so as to locally obtain the desired effect while limiting the overall thickness of the filter.
Dans un deuxième mode de réalisation, représenté en figure 3, on utilise un filtre 306 placé sur la surface réfléchissante du concentrateur 106 et qui est formé d'une lame plane d'épaisseur uniforme. Cette lame est réalisée dans un matériau absorbant pour les composantes « inutiles » du flux solaire incident 107, mais transparent pour les composants « utiles » de ce même flux (celles qui permettent d'obtenir une conversion photoélectrique dans les cellules 101) .In a second embodiment, shown in FIG. 3, a filter 306 is used placed on the reflecting surface of the concentrator 106 and which is formed of a flat blade of uniform thickness. This plate is made of an absorbent material for the “useless” components of the incident solar flux 107, but transparent for the “useful” components of this same flux (those which make it possible to obtain a photoelectric conversion in the cells 101).
On pourra pour cela utiliser soit un matériau absorbant massif, connu dans l'art, soit une combinaison de couches minces réfléchissantes d'indice différent, connues elles-mêmes dans l'art, soit une combinaison des deux.For this, it is possible to use either a solid absorbent material, known in the art, or a combination of thin reflective layers of different index, themselves known in the art, or a combination of the two.
Dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté, les angles et l'indice de réfraction du matériau composant la couche 306 sont choisis pour que le trajet 307 du flux solaire dans la couche 306 soit le même à l'aller et au retour, la réflexion sur le concentrateur 106 se faisant selon une direction normale à la surface de celui-ci. Ce n'est qu'un cas particulier et ces trajets pourront être différents, de la même manière que sur la figure 2.In the embodiment shown, the angles and the refractive index of the material making up the layer 306 are chosen so that the path 307 of the solar flux in the layer 306 is the same on the outward and return path, the reflection on the concentrator 106 taking place in a direction normal to the surface thereof. This is only a special case and these paths may be different, in the same way as in FIG. 2.
A la sortie du filtre 306, le flux solaire 308 est donc grandement débarrassé de ces composantes « inutiles » et il vient alors frapper la surface extérieure de la couche transparente 102 pour venir exciter les cellules 101 selon un trajet 309 dû à la réfraction. Comme dans le premier exemple de réalisation, une partie de ce flux « inutile » est réfléchie sur la surface de la couche transparente 102 pour former un flux 310 qui vient se perdre dans le vide stellaire, et seule une partie infime de ce rayonnement « inutile » est contenu dans le flux 309 et vient contribuer de manière très faible à l' échauffement parasites des cellules 101.At the outlet of the filter 306, the solar flux 308 is therefore largely rid of these "unnecessary" components and it then strikes the outer surface of the transparent layer 102 to excite the cells 101 along a path 309 due to refraction. As in the first exemplary embodiment, part of this “useless” flux is reflected on the surface of the transparent layer 102 to form a flux 310 which is lost in the stellar vacuum, and only a tiny part of this “useless” radiation "Is contained in flow 309 and contributes very little to the parasitic heating of cells 101.
La séparation entre le flux «utile» et le flux «inutile» est éventuellement plus faible dans ce deuxième mode de réalisation qui est cependant préféré car on obtient un avantage supplémentaire qui consiste dans le réchauffement du concentrateur 106 et de son filtre 306. Cette augmentation de température de fonctionnement permet de limiter de manière considérable le piégeage des molécules et des particules parasites rencontrées dans l'espace et permet donc de maintenir pratiquement constant le pouvoir réflecteur du concentrateur. The separation between the “useful” flow and the “useless” flow is possibly lower in this second embodiment which is however preferred since an additional advantage is obtained which consists in the heating of the concentrator 106 and of its filter 306. This increase of operating temperature makes it possible to considerably limit the trapping of molecules and parasitic particles encountered in space and therefore makes it possible to maintain the reflective power of the concentrator practically constant.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 Générateur photovoltaïque à concentration, comprenant au moins une cellule photovoltaïque (101) recouverte par une couche de protection transparente (102), et un concentrateur réfléchissant (106), caractérisé en ce que le concentrateur (106) est recouvert d'un filtre (206, 306) pour éliminer dans le flux lumineux (208) réfléchi par le concentrateur (106) vers la cellule photoélectrique (101) la plus grande partie des rayonnements « inutiles » (218) ne pouvant pas exciter la cellule photovoltaïque (101).1 Concentrating photovoltaic generator, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell (101) covered by a transparent protective layer (102), and a reflecting concentrator (106), characterized in that the concentrator (106) is covered by a filter ( 206, 306) to eliminate in the light flux (208) reflected by the concentrator (106) towards the photoelectric cell (101) most of the “useless” radiation (218) which cannot excite the photovoltaic cell (101).
2 Générateur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le filtre est formé d'une couche (306) réalisée en matériaux absorbant la partie «inutile » des rayonnements.2 generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter is formed of a layer (306) made of materials absorbing the "useless" part of the radiation.
3 Générateur selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la couche (306) formant le filtre est d'épaisseur constante.3 Generator according to claim 2, characterized in that the layer (306) forming the filter is of constant thickness.
4 Générateur selon l'une quelconque des revendication 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le filtre (206) est formé d'une couche dont la face extérieure (116) est orientée pour dévier ces rayonnements « inutiles» (218) en dehors de la cellule photovoltaïque (101) . 5 Générateur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la couche transparente (206) est d'épaisseur décroissante pour que sa face extérieure (116) ne soit pas parallèle à la surface réfléchissante du concentrateur (106) .4 Generator according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the filter (206) is formed of a layer whose outer face (116) is oriented to deflect these "unnecessary" radiation (218) outside the photovoltaic cell (101). 5 Generator according to claim 4, characterized in that the transparent layer (206) is of decreasing thickness so that its outer face (116) is not parallel to the reflecting surface of the concentrator (106).
6 Générateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que la face extérieure de la couche transparente formant le filtre (206) est gravée en échelons de Fresnel. 6 Generator according to any one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the outer face of the transparent layer forming the filter (206) is etched in Fresnel steps.
EP03740544A 2002-04-11 2003-04-01 Concentration solar battery protected against heating Withdrawn EP1497870A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0204528 2002-04-11
FR0204528A FR2838564B1 (en) 2002-04-11 2002-04-11 PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATOR WITH PROTECTION AGAINST OVERHEATING
PCT/FR2003/001002 WO2003085745A1 (en) 2002-04-11 2003-04-01 Concentration solar battery protected against heating

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EP1497870A1 true EP1497870A1 (en) 2005-01-19

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US (1) US8383928B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1497870A1 (en)
JP (1) JP4564262B2 (en)
AU (1) AU2003260705A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2838564B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2003085745A1 (en)

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WO2003085745A1 (en) 2003-10-16
FR2838564B1 (en) 2004-07-30
US20050166952A1 (en) 2005-08-04
JP4564262B2 (en) 2010-10-20
FR2838564A1 (en) 2003-10-17
US8383928B2 (en) 2013-02-26
JP2005522865A (en) 2005-07-28
AU2003260705A1 (en) 2003-10-20

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