EP1490629A1 - Fluidized bed boiler furnace comprising two hearths separated by an inside leg area - Google Patents

Fluidized bed boiler furnace comprising two hearths separated by an inside leg area

Info

Publication number
EP1490629A1
EP1490629A1 EP03727571A EP03727571A EP1490629A1 EP 1490629 A1 EP1490629 A1 EP 1490629A1 EP 03727571 A EP03727571 A EP 03727571A EP 03727571 A EP03727571 A EP 03727571A EP 1490629 A1 EP1490629 A1 EP 1490629A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubes
crotch
hearth
panel
fluidized bed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03727571A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1490629B1 (en
Inventor
Christian Enault
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Schweiz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Schweiz AG filed Critical Alstom Schweiz AG
Publication of EP1490629A1 publication Critical patent/EP1490629A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1490629B1 publication Critical patent/EP1490629B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0015—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type
    • F22B31/003—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type with tubes surrounding the bed or with water tube wall partitions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/005—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus comprising two or more beds

Definitions

  • Fluidized bed boiler hearth comprising two hearths separated by a crotch
  • the invention relates to a fluidized bed boiler hearth comprising two hearths separated by a crotch at the bottom of the hearth, and at least one panel of heat exchange tubes.
  • a stove of the type indicated above for a circulating fluidized bed boiler is known in particular from patent applications FR-9103700 and FR-9011859. It is known practice to install inside a fluidized bed boiler hearth one or more panels of heat exchange tubes through which a heat transfer fluid such as water or an emulsion of water and steam passes. Each panel of tubes is arranged conventionally perpendicular to the side walls of the hearth, being fixed or not. However, in the case of a hearth comprising two hearths separated by a crotch, such an arrangement has the disadvantage of limiting the number of panels that can be installed on the side walls of the hearth without hindering the circulation of particles towards the cyclones provided on these side walls.
  • the object of the invention is to provide another arrangement of the panels of heat exchange tubes which takes advantage of the structure of a fireplace having in its lower part a crotch.
  • the hearth for a fluidized bed boiler according to the invention is characterized in that the panel of heat exchange tubes is arranged vertically above said crotch and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of said hearths. In this way, it does not interfere with the balance of the load in the hearth.
  • a plurality of panels can be arranged in a row on the top of the crotch, being regularly spaced from each other in said longitudinal direction so as to leave sufficient circulation spaces for particles not creating pressure imbalances at the inside the home.
  • the tubes forming a panel are the extension of the tubes forming the crotch which avoids the formation of bushings in the crotch.
  • a hearth according to the invention can also comprise an alternation of panels whose tubes are the extension of the tubes forming the crotch and of panels whose tubes are connected to a collector arranged under the crotch. There will therefore be panels powered by the fluid circulating in the walls of the hearth and panels supplied either by the same fluid or by another heat transfer fluid.
  • each tube panel is fixed to the ceiling of the hearth so that the tube panel can, if necessary, be put in traction between the crotch and the ceiling of the hearth to limit the vibrations produced by the circulation of the fluid of the the panel tubes.
  • FIG. 1 is a very schematic view of a hearth according to the invention in longitudinal section showing a panel of tubes disposed on the crotch of the hearth.
  • Figure 2 is a very schematic top view of the hearth showing the arrangement of several tube panels on the crotch of the hearth.
  • Figure 3 illustrates very schematically the formation of a tube panel with the tubes forming the crotch of the hearth.
  • the hearth illustrated in FIG. 1 is a hearth for a circulating fluidized bed (LFC) boiler, the lower part of which forms a crotch 1 separating two floors 2,3 of the hearth. Exits from the hearth to cyclones are indicated by the references 4,5. The exits to the cyclones are usually arranged on the side walls of the hearth and a crotch hearth may have four or more exits to the cyclones arranged on either side of the crotch.
  • LFC circulating fluidized bed
  • the hearth according to the invention is equipped with at least one panel 6 of heat exchange tubes which is arranged vertically on the top of the crotch 1 and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction A of the floors 2 and 3 which does not interfere not the flow of gases and particles indicated by the arrows GP and does not create a pressure imbalance in the fireplace.
  • Each panel 6 of heat exchange tubes is fixed to the ceiling 7 of the hearth and is put in tension between the ceiling and the crotch to avoid untimely vibrations of the tubes of the panel during the operation of the hearth.
  • FIG. 1 shows an inlet manifold 8 placed under the crotch 6 and an outlet manifold 9 placed on top of the ceiling 7 of the hearth to which the tubes of the panel 6 are connected.
  • a large number of panels 6 of tubes can be arranged in a row on top of the crotch 1, being evenly spaced from one another along the crotch 1.
  • the tubes forming the heat exchange panels 6 can be an extension of the tubes forming the crotch of the hearth. It is also possible to have an alternation of panels 6 whose tubes are the extension of the tubes forming the crotch of the hearth and of panels whose tubes are connected to the inlet manifold 8.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a panel 6A (seen from above), the tubes 10 of which are the extension of the tubes 11 forming the crotch 1 and a panel 6B (seen from above), the tubes 12 of which are connected to the inlet manifold 8 (not shown).
  • the topology of the tubes forming the crotch 1 shown in FIG. 3 is only a nonlimiting example for the invention.
  • the arrangement of the panels 6 according to the invention is suitable both for a flat crotch as illustrated in FIG. 1 and for an inverted V-shaped crotch. Furthermore, in the example shown, the exits 4,5 to the cyclones are located on the lateral faces 13,14; they could be located on the transverse lateral faces 15 and 16

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Information Transfer Between Computers (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)

Abstract

The fluidized bed firebox has two floors (2,3) separated by a spacer (1) in the lower part of the firebox. There are several heat exchanger tube panels (6) located vertically above the spacer and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (A) of the floors. The tubes are connected to a manifold (8) under the spacer.

Description

Foyer de chaudière à lit fluidisé comprenant deux soles séparées par un entrejambeFluidized bed boiler hearth comprising two hearths separated by a crotch
L'invention concerne un foyer de chaudière à lit fluidisé comprenant deux soles séparées par un entrejambe à la partie inférieure du foyer, et au moins un panneau de tubes d'échange de chaleur.The invention relates to a fluidized bed boiler hearth comprising two hearths separated by a crotch at the bottom of the hearth, and at least one panel of heat exchange tubes.
Un foyer du genre indiqué ci-dessus pour chaudière à lit fluidisé circulant est connu notamment des demandes de brevet FR-9103700 et FR-9011859. Il est connu d'installer à l'intérieur d'un foyer de chaudière à lit fluidisé un ou plusieurs panneaux de tubes d'échange de chaleur parcourus par un fluide caloporteur comme de l'eau ou une émulsion d'eau et de vapeur. Chaque panneau de tubes est disposé conventionnellement perpendiculairement aux parois latérales du foyer en y étant fixé ou non. Toutefois, pour le cas d'un foyer comprenant deux soles séparées par un entrejambe, une telle disposition a pour inconvénient de limiter le nombre de panneaux pouvant être installés sur les parois latérales du foyer sans entraver la circulation des particules vers les cyclones prévues sur ces parois latérales.A stove of the type indicated above for a circulating fluidized bed boiler is known in particular from patent applications FR-9103700 and FR-9011859. It is known practice to install inside a fluidized bed boiler hearth one or more panels of heat exchange tubes through which a heat transfer fluid such as water or an emulsion of water and steam passes. Each panel of tubes is arranged conventionally perpendicular to the side walls of the hearth, being fixed or not. However, in the case of a hearth comprising two hearths separated by a crotch, such an arrangement has the disadvantage of limiting the number of panels that can be installed on the side walls of the hearth without hindering the circulation of particles towards the cyclones provided on these side walls.
L'objet de l'invention est de proposer une autre disposition des panneaux de tubes d'échange de chaleur qui tire profit de la structure d'un foyer ayant dans sa partie inférieure un entrejambe. Le foyer pour chaudière à lit fluidisé selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que le panneau de tubes d'échange de chaleur est disposé verticalement au-dessus dudit entrejambe et perpendiculairement à la direction longitudinale desdites soles. De cette façon, ça ne gène pas l'équilibre de la charge dans le foyer. Une pluralité de panneaux peuvent être disposés en une rangée sur le dessus de l'entrejambe en étant espacés régulièrement les uns des autres selon ladite direction longitudinale de manière à laisser des espaces de circulation suffisants pour les particules ne créant pas de déséquilibres de pression à l'intérieur du foyer.The object of the invention is to provide another arrangement of the panels of heat exchange tubes which takes advantage of the structure of a fireplace having in its lower part a crotch. The hearth for a fluidized bed boiler according to the invention is characterized in that the panel of heat exchange tubes is arranged vertically above said crotch and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of said hearths. In this way, it does not interfere with the balance of the load in the hearth. A plurality of panels can be arranged in a row on the top of the crotch, being regularly spaced from each other in said longitudinal direction so as to leave sufficient circulation spaces for particles not creating pressure imbalances at the inside the home.
Dans un mode de réalisation particulier du foyer selon l'invention, les tubes formant un panneau sont le prolongement des tubes formant l'entrejambe ce qui évite la formation de traversées dans l'entrejambe. Un foyer selon l'invention peut également comprendre une alternance de panneaux dont les tubes sont le prolongement des tubes formant l'entrejambe et de panneaux dont les tubes sont raccordés à un collecteur disposé sous l'entrejambe. Il y aura donc des panneaux alimentés par le fluide circulant dans les parois du foyer et des panneaux alimentés soit par le même fluide soit par un autre fluide caloporteur.In a particular embodiment of the hearth according to the invention, the tubes forming a panel are the extension of the tubes forming the crotch which avoids the formation of bushings in the crotch. A hearth according to the invention can also comprise an alternation of panels whose tubes are the extension of the tubes forming the crotch and of panels whose tubes are connected to a collector arranged under the crotch. There will therefore be panels powered by the fluid circulating in the walls of the hearth and panels supplied either by the same fluid or by another heat transfer fluid.
De préférence, chaque panneau de tubes est fixé au plafond du foyer de telle manière que le panneau de tubes puisse, si nécessaire, être mis en traction entre l'entrejambe et le plafond du foyer pour limiter les vibrations produites par la circulation du fluide des les tubes des panneaux.Preferably, each tube panel is fixed to the ceiling of the hearth so that the tube panel can, if necessary, be put in traction between the crotch and the ceiling of the hearth to limit the vibrations produced by the circulation of the fluid of the the panel tubes.
Il est décrit ci-après, à titre d'exemple et en référence aux figures schématiques du dessin annexé, un foyer pour chaudière à lit fluidisé selon l'invention. La figure 1 est une vue très schématique d'un foyer selon l'invention en coupe longitudinale montrant un panneau de tubes disposé sur l'entrejambe du foyer.It is described below, by way of example and with reference to the schematic figures of the accompanying drawing, a hearth for a fluidized bed boiler according to the invention. Figure 1 is a very schematic view of a hearth according to the invention in longitudinal section showing a panel of tubes disposed on the crotch of the hearth.
La figure 2 est une vue très schématique du dessus du foyer montrant la disposition de plusieurs panneaux de tubes sur l'entrejambe du foyer. La figure 3 illustre de façon très schématique la formation d'un panneau de tubes avec les tubes formant l'entrejambe du foyer.Figure 2 is a very schematic top view of the hearth showing the arrangement of several tube panels on the crotch of the hearth. Figure 3 illustrates very schematically the formation of a tube panel with the tubes forming the crotch of the hearth.
Le foyer illustré sur la figure 1 est un foyer pour chaudière à lit fluidisé circulant (LFC) dont la partie inférieure forme un entrejambe 1 séparant deux soles 2,3 du foyer. Les sorties du foyer vers des cyclones sont indiquées par les références 4,5. Les sorties vers les cyclones sont habituellement disposées sur les parois latérales du foyer et un foyer à entrejambe peut comporter quatre ou plus sorties vers les cyclones disposées de part et d'autre de l'entrejambe.The hearth illustrated in FIG. 1 is a hearth for a circulating fluidized bed (LFC) boiler, the lower part of which forms a crotch 1 separating two floors 2,3 of the hearth. Exits from the hearth to cyclones are indicated by the references 4,5. The exits to the cyclones are usually arranged on the side walls of the hearth and a crotch hearth may have four or more exits to the cyclones arranged on either side of the crotch.
Le foyer selon l'invention est équipé d'au moins un panneau 6 de tubes d'échange de chaleur qui est disposé verticalement sur le dessus de l'entrejambe 1 et perpendiculairement à la direction longitudinale A des soles 2 et 3 ce qui ne gêne pas la circulation des gaz et particules indiquée par les flèches GP et ne crée pas de déséquilibre de pression dans le foyer. Chaque panneau 6 de tubes d'échange de chaleur est fixé au plafond 7 du foyer et est mis en traction entre le plafond et l'entrejambe pour éviter les vibrations intempestives des tubes du panneau lors du fonctionnement du foyer.The hearth according to the invention is equipped with at least one panel 6 of heat exchange tubes which is arranged vertically on the top of the crotch 1 and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction A of the floors 2 and 3 which does not interfere not the flow of gases and particles indicated by the arrows GP and does not create a pressure imbalance in the fireplace. Each panel 6 of heat exchange tubes is fixed to the ceiling 7 of the hearth and is put in tension between the ceiling and the crotch to avoid untimely vibrations of the tubes of the panel during the operation of the hearth.
Sur la figure 1 , on a représenté un collecteur d'entrée 8 placé sous l'entrejambe 6 et un collecteur de sortie 9 placé sur le dessus du plafond 7 du foyer auxquels sont raccordés les tubes du panneau 6. Comme visible sur la figure 2, un grand nombre de panneaux 6 de tubes peuvent être disposés en rangée sur le dessus de l'entrejambe 1 en étant espacés régulièrement les uns des autres le long de l'entrejambe 1.FIG. 1 shows an inlet manifold 8 placed under the crotch 6 and an outlet manifold 9 placed on top of the ceiling 7 of the hearth to which the tubes of the panel 6 are connected. As can be seen in FIG. 2, a large number of panels 6 of tubes can be arranged in a row on top of the crotch 1, being evenly spaced from one another along the crotch 1.
Les tubes formant les panneaux 6 d'échange de chaleur peuvent être le prolongement des tubes formant l'entrejambe du foyer. Il est également possible d'avoir une alternance de panneaux 6 dont les tubes sont le prolongement des tubes formant l'entrejambe du foyer et de panneaux dont les tubes sont raccordés au collecteur d'entrée 8. La figure 3 illustre un panneau 6A (vu de dessus) dont les tubes 10 sont le prolongement des tubes 11 formant l'entrejambe 1 et un panneau 6B (vu de dessus) dont les tubes 12 sont raccordés au collecteur d'entrée 8 (non représenté). Bien entendu, la topologie des tubes formant l'entrejambe 1 montrée sur la figure 3 n'est qu'un exemple non limitatif pour l'invention. La disposition des panneaux 6 selon l'invention convient tant pour un entrejambe plan comme illustré sur la figure 1 qu'un entrejambe en forme de V inversé. Par ailleurs, dans l'exemple représenté, les sorties 4,5 vers les cyclones sont situées sur les faces latérales 13,14 ; elles pourraient être situées sur les faces latérales transversales 15 et 16 The tubes forming the heat exchange panels 6 can be an extension of the tubes forming the crotch of the hearth. It is also possible to have an alternation of panels 6 whose tubes are the extension of the tubes forming the crotch of the hearth and of panels whose tubes are connected to the inlet manifold 8. FIG. 3 illustrates a panel 6A (seen from above), the tubes 10 of which are the extension of the tubes 11 forming the crotch 1 and a panel 6B (seen from above), the tubes 12 of which are connected to the inlet manifold 8 (not shown). Of course, the topology of the tubes forming the crotch 1 shown in FIG. 3 is only a nonlimiting example for the invention. The arrangement of the panels 6 according to the invention is suitable both for a flat crotch as illustrated in FIG. 1 and for an inverted V-shaped crotch. Furthermore, in the example shown, the exits 4,5 to the cyclones are located on the lateral faces 13,14; they could be located on the transverse lateral faces 15 and 16

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1/ Un foyer de chaudière à lit fluidisé comprenant deux soles (2,3) séparées par un entrejambe (1 ) à la partie inférieure du foyer, et au moins un panneau (6) de tubes d'échange de chaleur, caractérisé en ce que le panneau de tubes est disposé verticalement au-dessus dudit entrejambe et perpendiculairement à la direction longitudinale (A) des dites soles.1 / A fluidized bed boiler hearth comprising two hearths (2,3) separated by a crotch (1) at the bottom of the hearth, and at least one panel (6) of heat exchange tubes, characterized in that that the panel of tubes is arranged vertically above said crotch and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (A) of said floors.
2/ Le foyer selon la revendication 1 , comprenant une rangée de panneaux (6) de tubes espacés régulièrement les uns des autres selon ladite direction longitudinale.2 / The hearth according to claim 1, comprising a row of panels (6) of tubes regularly spaced from each other in said longitudinal direction.
3/ Le foyer selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel les tubes formant un panneau (6A) sont le prolongement des tubes formant l'entrejambe.3 / The hearth according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the tubes forming a panel (6A) are an extension of the tubes forming the crotch.
4/ Le foyer selon la revendication 1 à 3, comprenant une alternance de panneaux (6A) dont les tubes sont le prolongement des tubes formant l'entrejambe et de panneaux (6B) dont les tubes sont raccordés à un collecteur (8) disposé sous l'entrejambe.4 / The hearth according to claim 1 to 3, comprising alternating panels (6A) whose tubes are an extension of the tubes forming the crotch and panels (6B) whose tubes are connected to a collector (8) disposed under the crotch.
5/ Le foyer selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, comprenant un plafond (7) auquel est fixé chaque panneau (6,6A,6B) de tubes de telle manière que le panneau de tubes puisse être mis en traction entre l'entrejambe et le plafond du foyer. 5 / The hearth according to one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a ceiling (7) to which is fixed each panel (6,6A, 6B) of tubes so that the tube panel can be put in tension between the crotch and the ceiling of the fireplace.
EP03727571A 2002-03-25 2003-03-06 Fluidized bed boiler furnace comprising two hearths separated by an inside leg area Expired - Lifetime EP1490629B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0203698 2002-03-25
FR0203698A FR2837561B1 (en) 2002-03-25 2002-03-25 FLUIDIZED BED BOILER FIREPLACE COMPRISING TWO FLOORS SEPARATED BY A CRACK
PCT/FR2003/000715 WO2003081128A1 (en) 2002-03-25 2003-03-06 Fluidized bed boiler furnace comprising two hearths separated by an inside leg area

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1490629A1 true EP1490629A1 (en) 2004-12-29
EP1490629B1 EP1490629B1 (en) 2008-11-12

Family

ID=27799240

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03727571A Expired - Lifetime EP1490629B1 (en) 2002-03-25 2003-03-06 Fluidized bed boiler furnace comprising two hearths separated by an inside leg area

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US7152537B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1490629B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1283950C (en)
AT (1) ATE414242T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003233363A1 (en)
BR (1) BR0303655A (en)
CA (1) CA2480020A1 (en)
DE (1) DE60324667D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2316752T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2837561B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2003081128A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2884900B1 (en) * 2005-04-26 2007-11-30 Alstom Technology Ltd FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR WITH DOUBLE WALL EXTENSION
CN101696798B (en) * 2009-05-18 2011-05-04 西安热工研究院有限公司 Compact circulating fluidized bed boiler with special division wall
CN102226518B (en) * 2011-02-01 2013-03-06 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Large-scale circulating fluidized bed boiler
PL2642199T3 (en) * 2012-03-20 2017-11-30 General Electric Technology Gmbh Circulating fluidized bed boiler

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US3387590A (en) * 1967-03-16 1968-06-11 Interior Usa System for regulating the total heat output in a burning fluidized bed heat exchanger or boiler
US3893426A (en) * 1974-03-25 1975-07-08 Foster Wheeler Corp Heat exchanger utilizing adjoining fluidized beds
US4184455A (en) * 1978-04-10 1980-01-22 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fluidized bed heat exchanger utilizing angularly extending heat exchange tubes
US4314967A (en) * 1980-10-02 1982-02-09 Dorr-Oliver Incorporated Fluidized bed reactor with vertical cooling coils
FI97315C (en) * 1990-09-26 1996-11-25 Stein Industrie Fluidized bed boiler furnace wall cooling equipment
US5836257A (en) * 1996-12-03 1998-11-17 Mcdermott Technology, Inc. Circulating fluidized bed furnace/reactor with an integral secondary air plenum
US6532905B2 (en) * 2001-07-17 2003-03-18 The Babcock & Wilcox Company CFB with controllable in-bed heat exchanger

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003233363A1 (en) 2003-10-08
WO2003081128A1 (en) 2003-10-02
ES2316752T3 (en) 2009-04-16
FR2837561B1 (en) 2004-05-21
CN1643302A (en) 2005-07-20
BR0303655A (en) 2004-07-13
ATE414242T1 (en) 2008-11-15
CN1283950C (en) 2006-11-08
US20050092219A1 (en) 2005-05-05
EP1490629B1 (en) 2008-11-12
US7152537B2 (en) 2006-12-26
DE60324667D1 (en) 2008-12-24
CA2480020A1 (en) 2003-10-02
FR2837561A1 (en) 2003-09-26

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