EP1479266A2 - Procede et dispositif de pilotage d'un ensemble de restitution d'un champ acoustique - Google Patents
Procede et dispositif de pilotage d'un ensemble de restitution d'un champ acoustiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP1479266A2 EP1479266A2 EP03720643A EP03720643A EP1479266A2 EP 1479266 A2 EP1479266 A2 EP 1479266A2 EP 03720643 A EP03720643 A EP 03720643A EP 03720643 A EP03720643 A EP 03720643A EP 1479266 A2 EP1479266 A2 EP 1479266A2
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- representative
- restitution
- parameters
- determining
- elements
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 75
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005520 electrodynamics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S3/00—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S7/00—Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
- H04S7/30—Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field
- H04S7/301—Automatic calibration of stereophonic sound system, e.g. with test microphone
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S3/00—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic
- H04S3/02—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic of the matrix type, i.e. in which input signals are combined algebraically, e.g. after having been phase shifted with respect to each other
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a device for controlling an assembly for restoring an acoustic field.
- Sound is an acoustic wave phenomenon that evolves in time and space.
- the existing techniques act mainly on the temporal aspect of the sounds, the processing of the spatial aspect being very incomplete.
- so-called multichannel systems send different and predetermined signals to several loudspeakers, the distribution of which is fixed and known.
- the sound environment is assimilated to an angular distribution of sound sources around a point, corresponding to the listening position.
- the signals correspond to a decomposition of this distribution on the basis of directivity functions called spherical harmonics.
- the object of the invention is to remedy this problem by providing a method and a device for determining control signals of a set for restitution of an acoustic field whose spatial configuration is arbitrary.
- the subject of the invention is a method for controlling a set for restoring an acoustic field in order to obtain a restored sound field of specific characteristics substantially independent of the intrinsic restitution characteristics of said set, said restitution set comprising a plurality of elements. restitution, characterized in that it comprises at least: - a step of establishing a finite number of coefficients representative of the distribution over time and in the three dimensions of the space of said acoustic field to be restored;
- a step of determining reconstruction filters representative of said restitution set comprising a sub-step of taking into account at least spatial characteristics of said restitution set;
- said step of establishing a finite number of coefficients representative of the distribution of said acoustic field to be restored comprises:
- a step consisting in supplying an input signal comprising temporal and spatial information of a sound environment
- this shaping step making it possible to deliver a representation of said acoustic field to be restored corresponding to said sound environment in the form a linear combination of said functions;
- a step consisting in supplying an input signal comprising a finite number of coefficients representative of said acoustic field to be restored in the form of a linear combination of spatio-temporal functions;
- said spatio-temporal functions are so-called Fouier-Bessel functions and / or linear combinations of these functions;
- said sub-step of taking into account at least spatial characteristics of said restitution set is carried out at least on the basis of parameters representative, for each element, of the three coordinates of its position relative to the center placed in the listening area, and / or its spatiotemporal response;
- said sub-step of taking into account at least spatial characteristics of said restitution set is further carried out from:
- the method includes a calibration step for delivering all or part of the parameters used in said step of determining reconstruction filters;
- - Said calibration step includes, for at least one of the restitution elements:
- said calibration step includes:
- - said acquisition sub-step corresponds to a sub-step of receiving a number of coefficients representative of the acoustic field generated by said at least one element in the form of a linear combination of spatio-temporal functions, which coefficients are directly used during said sub-step of determining spatial and / or acoustic parameters of said at least one element;
- - Said calibration sub-step further comprises a sub-step of determining the position in at least one of the three dimensions of the space of said at least one element of said restitution assembly;
- - Said calibration step further includes a sub-step for determining the spatio-temporal response of said at least one element of said restitution assembly
- - Said calibration step further includes a sub-step of determining the frequency response of said at least one element of said reproduction unit; the method includes a step of simulating all or part of the parameters necessary for carrying out said step of determining reconstruction filters;
- - Said simulation step comprises: - a substep for determining the missing parameters among the parameters used during said step for determining reconstruction filters;
- said simulation step comprises a sub-step for determining a list of elements of the active restitution set as a function of the frequency, and said calculation sub-steps are carried out for the only elements of said list;
- said simulation step comprises a sub-step for calculating a parameter representative of the operating order limiting the number of coefficients to be taken into account during said step of determining reconstruction filters from at least the position in the space of all or part of the elements of the restitution assembly;
- said simulation step comprises a step of determining parameters representative of a spatial window in the form of weighting coefficients from a parameter representative of the spatial window in the spherical coordinate system and / or of a parameter representative of the radius of said spatial window when the latter is a ball;
- - Said simulation step comprises a sub-step for determining a list of spatio-temporal functions whose reconstruction is imposed from the position of all or part of the elements of the restitution set;
- the method comprises an input step making it possible to determine all or part of the parameters used during said step of determining reconstruction filters;
- said step of determining reconstruction filters comprises:
- a sub-step of calculating a decoding matrix carried out for a finite number of operating frequencies, from the matrix for weighting the acoustic field, the matrix representative of the radiation of the restitution unit, the matrix representative of the spatiotemporal functions whose reconstruction is imposed, and of a parameter representative of the desired local adaptation capacity to the spatial irregularity of the restitution set, representative of the reconstruction filters;
- said sub-step of calculation making it possible to deliver a matrix representative of the radiation of the restitution assembly is furthermore carried out on the basis of parameters representative for each element of its frequency response.
- the invention also relates to a computer program comprising program code instructions for the execution of the steps of the method, when said program is executed on a computer.
- a subject of the invention is also a removable medium of the type comprising at least one processing processor and a non-volatile memory element, characterized in that said memory comprises a program comprising instructions for the execution of the steps of the method, when said processor executes said program.
- the invention also relates to a device for controlling an assembly for restoring an acoustic field, comprising a plurality of restitution elements, characterized in that it comprises at least:
- the device is associated with means for shaping an input signal comprising temporal and spatial information of a sound environment to be restored, adapted to decompose said information on the basis of spatio-temporal functions in order to deliver a signal comprising said finite number of coefficients representative of the distribution over time and in the three dimensions of the space of said acoustic field to be restored, corresponding to said sound environment, in the form of a linear combination of said space-time functions;
- said spatio-temporal functions are so-called Fouier-Bessel functions and / or linear combinations of these functions;
- said means for determining reconstruction filters receive at input at least one of the following parameters:
- each of said parameters received by said means for determining reconstruction filters is conveyed by one of the signals from the following group of signals:
- a definition signal comprising information representative of the spatial characteristics of the restitution assembly; an additional signal comprising information representative of the acoustic characteristics associated with the elements of the restitution assembly;
- an optimization signal comprising information relating to an optimization strategy, in order to deliver, using the parameters contained in these signals, a signal representative of said reconstruction filters representative of said restitution set;
- the device is associated with means for determining all or part of the parameters received by said means for determining reconstruction filters, said means comprising at least one of the following elements:
- Said means for determining reconstruction filters are adapted to determine a set of filters representative of the position in space of the elements of the restitution set
- - Fig.1 is a representation of a spherical coordinate system
- - Fig.2 is a diagram of a rendering system according to the invention
- - Fig.3 is a block diagram of the method of the invention.
- - Fig.4 is a diagram detailing the calibration means
- - Fig.5 is a diagram detailing the calibration step
- - Fig.6 is a diagram of the simulation step
- Fig.7 is a diagram of the means for determining reconstruction filters
- - Fig.8 is a diagram of the step of determining reconstruction filters
- - Fig.9 is an embodiment of the step of shaping the input signal
- - Fig.10 is an embodiment of the step of determining control signals.
- Figure 1 there is shown a conventional spherical coordinate system, so as to specify the coordinate system to which reference is made in the text.
- This coordinate system is an orthonormal coordinate system, of O origin and comprising three axes (ON), (OY) and (OZ).
- a position denoted x is described by means of its spherical coordinates (r, ⁇ ,), where r denotes the distance from the origin O, ⁇ orientation in the vertical plane and ⁇ orientation in the horizontal plane.
- FIG. 1 is a representation of a rendering system according to the invention.
- This system comprises a decoder 1 controlling a reproduction unit 2 which comprises a plurality of elements 3 ⁇ to 3 N , such as speakers, loudspeakers or any other sound source, arranged so arbitrary in a place of listening 4.
- a decoder 1 controlling a reproduction unit 2 which comprises a plurality of elements 3 ⁇ to 3 N , such as speakers, loudspeakers or any other sound source, arranged so arbitrary in a place of listening 4.
- the system also includes means 6 for shaping an input signal SI and means 7 for generating parameters comprising means 8 for simulation, means 9 for calibration and means 10 for entering parameters.
- the decoder 1 comprises means 11 for determining control signals and means 12 for determining reconstruction filters.
- the decoder 1 receives as input a signal SIFB comprising information representative of the three-dimensional sound field to be restored, a definition signal SL comprising information representative of the spatial characteristics of the reproduction unit 2, an additional signal RP comprising information representative of the characteristics acoustics associated with the elements 3 ⁇ to 3 N and an optimization signal OS comprising information relating to an optimization strategy.
- the decoder transmits to the attention of each of the elements 3 ⁇ to 3N of the restitution assembly 2, a signal sci to sc ⁇ / of specific control.
- FIG. 3 the main stages of the method implemented in a system according to the invention are shown diagrammatically as described with reference to FIG. 2.
- the method includes a step 20 for entering optimization parameters, a calibration step 30 making it possible to measure certain characteristics of the restitution assembly 2 and a simulation step 40.
- certain parameters of the operation of the system can be defined manually by an operator or be delivered by a suitable device.
- the calibration means 9 are connected in turn with each of the elements 3 ⁇ to 3 / ⁇ of the restitution assembly 2 in order to measure parameters associated with these elements.
- the simulation step 40 implemented by the means 8, makes it possible to simulate the parameter signals necessary for the operation of the system which are neither entered during step 20 nor measured during step 30.
- the means 7 for generating parameters then output the definition signal SL, the additional signal RP and the optimization signal OS.
- steps 20, 30 and 40 make it possible to determine the set of parameters necessary for the implementation of step 50.
- the method comprises a step 50 of determining reconstruction filters implemented by the means 12 of the decoder 1 and making it possible to deliver a signal FD representative of the reconstruction filters.
- This step 50 of determining reconstruction filters makes it possible to take into account the at least spatial characteristics of the restitution set 2 defined during the steps 20 of input, 30 of calibration or 40 of simulation. Step 50 also makes it possible to take into account the acoustic characteristics associated with the elements 3 ⁇ to 3 N of the restitution assembly 2 and the information relating to an optimization strategy.
- the reconstruction filters obtained at the end of step 50 are subsequently stored in the decoder 1 so that steps 20, 30, 40 and 50 are repeated only in the event of modification of the restitution set 2 or optimization strategies.
- the signal SI comprising temporal and spatial information of a sound environment to be restored, is supplied to the shaping means 6, for example by direct acquisition or by reading a recording or by synthesis using computer software.
- This signal SI is shaped during a shaping step 60.
- the means 6 deliver to the decoder 1 a signal SI F B comprising a finite number of representative coefficients, on the basis of spatio-temporal functions, of the distribution over time and in the three dimensions of l space, of an acoustic field to be restored corresponding to the sound environment to be restored.
- the signal SI F B is supplied by external means, for example a microcomputer comprising synthesis means.
- the invention is based on the use of a family of spatiotemporal functions making it possible to describe the characteristics of any acoustic field.
- these functions are so-called spherical Fourier-Bessel functions of the first kind, hereinafter called Fourier-Bessel functions.
- the Fourier-Bessel functions are solutions of the wave equation and constitute a basis which generates all the acoustic fields produced by sound sources located outside of this zone.
- Any three-dimensional acoustic field is therefore expressed by a linear combination of the Fourier-Bessel functions, according to the expression of the inverse Fourier-Bessel transform which is expressed:
- the Fourier-Bessel coefficients are also expressed in the time domain by the coefficients p ⁇ , m (t) corresponding to the inverse temporal Fourier transform of the coefficients E / , m (/).
- the method of the invention uses bases of functions expressed as linear combinations, possibly infinite, of Fourier-Bessel functions.
- the input signal SI is broken down into Fourier-Bessel coefficients p ⁇ , m (t) so as to establish the coefficients forming the signal SIFB-
- the decomposition into Fourier-Bessel coefficients is carried out up to a limit order L defined prior to this shaping step 60 during the input step 20.
- the SIFB signal delivered by the shaping means 6 is introduced into the means 11 for determining the control signals.
- These means 11 also receive the signal FD representative of the reconstruction filters defined, taking into account in particular the spatial configuration of the reproduction unit 2.
- the coefficients of the signal SIFB, delivered at the end of step 60, are used by the means 11 during a step 70 of determining the control signals sci to sc / of the elements of the reproduction unit 2 from the application of the reconstruction filters determined during the step 50 to these coefficients.
- the signals sci to sc ⁇ are then delivered in order to be applied to the elements 3 ⁇ to> N of the restitution assembly 2 which restore the sound field whose characteristics are substantially independent of the intrinsic restitution characteristics of the rest assembly. restitution 2.
- the signals sc 1 to sc ⁇ / of piloting are adapted to allow an optimal restitution of the acoustic field which exploits at best the spatial and / or acoustic characteristics of the restitution assembly 2, in particular the room effect, and which integrates the chosen optimization strategy.
- an operator or a suitable memory system can specify all or part of the calculation parameters and in particular:
- - W ⁇ (f) describing directly in the form of weighting of the Fourier-Bessel coefficients and for each frequency / considered, a spatial window representative of the distribution in the space of constraints of reconstruction of the acoustic field;
- - R (f) representative, for each frequency / considered, of the radius of the spatial window when the latter is a ball;
- the definition signal SL conveys the parameters x ", the additional signal RP, the parameters H n (f) and N /, m, constructive (/) and the optimization signal OS, the parameters G n (f), ⁇ (f), ⁇ (/ fc m k ) ⁇ (), L (f), W (r, j), W, (j), R (J) and RM (f).
- the interface means 10 implementing this step 20 are means of conventional type such as a microcomputer or any other suitable means.
- FIG. 4 there is shown the detail of the calibration means 9. They comprise a module 91 for decomposition, a module 92 for determining impulse response and a module 93 for determining calibration parameters.
- the calibration means 9 are adapted to be connected to a sound acquisition device 100 such as a microphone or any other suitable device, and to be connected in turn to each element 3 ⁇ of the reproduction unit 2 in order to collect information on this element.
- a sound acquisition device 100 such as a microphone or any other suitable device
- FIG. 5 there is shown the detail of an embodiment of the calibration step 30 implemented by the calibration means 9 and making it possible to measure characteristics of the restitution assembly 2.
- the calibration means 9 emit a specific signal u n (t) such as a pseudo-random sequence MLS (Maximum Length Sequence) for the attention of an element 3 ".
- the acquisition device 100 receives, during a sub-step 34, the sound wave emitted by the element 3 "in response to the reception of the signal u" (t) and transmits representative signals c im (t) of the wave received at the decomposition module 91.
- the decomposition module 91 decomposes the signals picked up by the acquisition device 100 into a finite number of Fourier-Bessel coefficients q ⁇ ⁇ > n (t).
- the device 100 delivers information on pressure p (t) and speed v (t) at the center 5 of the restitution assembly.
- the coefficients qo, o (t) to ⁇ 7 ⁇ , ⁇ (t) representative of the acoustic field are deduced from the signals c 0, o (t) to c 1; 1 (t) according to the following relationships:
- ⁇ t), vy (t) and v ⁇ t) denote the components of the velocity vector v (t) in the orthonormal coordinate system considered and p denotes the density of the air.
- the response determination module 92 determines the impulse responses hp tm (t) which connect the Fourier-Bessel coefficients q ⁇ , m (t) and the signal emitted u n (t).
- the impulse response delivered by the response determination module 92 is addressed to the parameter determination module 93.
- the module 93 deduces information on elements of the restitution set.
- the module 93 for determining parameters determines the distance r "between the element 3" and the center 5 from its response hp 0 , o (t) and from the measurement of the time taken by the sound to propagate from the element 3 n to the acquisition device 100, by means of methods for estimating delay on the response hp w (t).
- the acquisition device 100 is able to unambiguously encode the orientation of a source in space.
- the module 93 determines the values hp x ⁇ A , hp ] fi and hp l corresponding to the values taken by the responses bp ⁇ , - ⁇ (t), b /? ⁇ , o (and hp ⁇ ⁇ (f) at an instant t arbitrarily chosen such as for example the time at which hp 0 , (t) reaches its maximum.
- the module 93 estimates coordinates ⁇ n and, from the values using the following trigonometric relationships: - for b J p ⁇ , o> 0
- the coordinates ⁇ n and ⁇ n are estimated over several instants.
- the final determination of the coordinates ⁇ n and n is obtained by means of averaging techniques between the different estimates.
- the coordinates ⁇ coachand ⁇ solo are estimated from other responses among the available bp /, m (t) or are estimated in the frequency domain from the responses HE /, m ().
- the parameters r doubly-recording, ⁇ n and ⁇ n are transmitted to the decoder 1 by the definition signal SL.
- the module 93 also delivers the transfer function H n (f) of each element 3 n , from the responses hp ⁇ m (t) from the response determination module 92.
- One solution consists in constructing the response hp O tQ (t) corresponding to the selection of the part of the response hp 0 , o (t) which comprises a non-zero signal and devoid of the reflections introduced by the listening location 4.
- the frequency response H n (f) is deduced by Fourier transform from the response hp ' 0 , o (t) previously windowed.
- the window can be chosen from conventional smoothing windows, such as for example rectangular, Hamming, Hanning, and Blackman.
- the parameters H Tar(f) thus defined are transmitted to the decoder 1 by the additional signal RP.
- the spatio-temporal response ⁇ , m , n (t) contains a large amount of information characterizing the element 3Hz, in particular its position and its frequency response. It is also representative of the directivity of the element 3 n , of its non-punctuality, as well as of the room effect resulting from the radiation of the element 3ministerin the listening location 4.
- the module 93 applies a time window to the response ⁇ , m> hear(t) to adjust the duration of taking into account the room effect.
- the spatiotemporal response expressed in the frequency domain N ⁇ , m, possibly(f) is obtained by Fourier transform of the response ⁇ , m . n (t) -
- the space-time response N /, ffl , etc() is then windowed frequently to adjust the frequency band over which the room effect is taken into account.
- the module 93 then delivers the parameters Ni m, n (f) thus formatted which are supplied to the decoder 1 by the additional signal RP.
- Sub-steps 32 to 39 are repeated for all the elements 3 ⁇ to 3A of the restitution assembly 2.
- the calibration means 9 are adapted to receive other types of information referring to the element 3 ".
- this information is introduced in the form of a finite number of Fourier-Bessel coefficients representative of the acoustic field produced by the element 3 economicallyin the listening location 4.
- Such coefficients can in particular be delivered by means of acoustic simulation implementing a geometric modeling of the listening location 4 to determine the position of the image sources induced by the reflections due to the position of the element 3 ⁇ and to the geometry listening location 4.
- the acoustic simulation means receive the input signal u combat(t) emitted by the module 92 and deliver, using the signal a , m (t), the coefficients of Fourier-Bessel determined by superposition of the acoustic field emitted by the element 3 ⁇ and the acoustic fields emitted by the image sources when the element 3 n receives the signal u n (t).
- the decomposition module 91 performs only a transmission of the signal c ffl (t) to the module 92.
- the calibration means 9 comprise other means for acquiring information referring to elements 3 ⁇ to 3 ⁇ such as laser position measurement means, signal processing means implementing channel forming techniques or any other suitable means.
- the means 9 implementing the calibration step 30 consist for example of an electronic card or a computer program or any other suitable means.
- step 40 of simulating parameters and the means 8 which implement it is performed for each frequency / operation.
- the embodiments described require knowing for each element 3 elevateits complete position described by the parameters r font, ⁇ meinand ⁇ n and / or its space-time response described by the parameters N /, m . extract () -
- Step 40 begins with a sub-step 41 for determining the missing parameters in the signals RP, SL and OS received.
- the parameter HCH(f) representative of the response of the elements of the restitution set 2 takes the default value 1.
- the parameter G Hand ( f) representative of the templates of the elements of the restitution assembly 2 is determined by thresholding on the parameter Hamba(/) in the case where it is measured, defined by the user, or provided by external means, otherwise , G n (f) takes the default value 1.
- Step 40 then includes a sub-step 44 for determining the active elements at the frequency / considered.
- a list ⁇ “* ⁇ (/) of elements of the restitution set active at the frequency / is determined, these elements being those whose template G Recipe () is non-zero for this frequency .
- the list ⁇ "* ⁇ (/) includes TV ⁇ - elements and it is transmitted to decoder 1 by the optimization signal OS. She is used to select the parameters corresponding to the active elements at each frequency / from the set of parameters.
- the index parameters n * correspond to the n th active element at the frequency /
- the parameter L (f) representative of the order of operation of the module for determining the filters at the current frequency / is determined as follows:
- the simulation means 9 determine the maximum order L (f) which is the largest integer respecting the relation L (f) ⁇ / a mn .
- the parameter RM (f) defining the radiation model of the elements constituting the restitution assembly is determined automatically by taking the spherical radiation model by default.
- the parameter W ⁇ (f) which describes the space window representative of the distribution in the space of constraints of reconstruction of the acoustic field in the form of weighting of Fourier-Bessel coefficients is determined by as follows:
- W ⁇ (f) is deduced from its value by applying the expression : W, ( kR ( > ⁇ V)) otherwise, W ⁇ (f) is deduced from L (f), by applying the expression:
- the simulation means 8 assign to the parameter Wtf), a default value, for example a Hamming window of size 2L (j) + 1, evaluated in /.
- the parameter W ⁇ (f) is determined for the values of / ranging from 0 to
- the parameter ⁇ (/ fc k ) ⁇ (f) is deduced from the parameters L (f) and x n * in the following manner:
- the means 9 calculate the coefficients where ( ⁇ n * , ⁇ n * ) is the direction of the rendering element 3 n *. In a second step, the means 9 calculate the coefficients
- the means 8 of simulation carry out a simplified processing :
- the list of coefficients ⁇ (4, m k ) ⁇ () takes the form: ⁇ (0,0), (l -l), (l, l), (2 -2), (2,2) ... ( 1 , -,), (, ⁇ ) ⁇
- Lj is chosen from so that the number of elements in this list is less than the number N ⁇ of elements 3 raid* active at the frequency / L ⁇ can take as value the integer part of (N f - ⁇ ) I2, but it is preferable to take a lower value for Ei.
- the parameter ⁇ (f) which represents at the current frequency / the desired local adaptation capacity, varying between 0 and 1, is determined automatically by taking for example the default value 0, 7.
- the simulation means 9 make it possible, during step 40, to complete the signals SL, RP and OS so as to deliver to the means 12 for determining reconstruction filters all the parameters necessary for their implementation.
- simulation step 40 consisting of all of the sub-steps 41 to 49 is repeated for all the frequencies considered.
- each substep is carried out for all the frequencies before proceeding to the next substep.
- all of the intervening parameters are supplied to the decoder 1 and step 40 then comprises only the sub-step 41 of reception and verification of the signals SL, RP and OS and the sub-step 44 of determining the active elements at the frequency / considered.
- the simulation means 8 implementing step 40 are for example computer programs or dedicated electronic cards for such an application or any other suitable means.
- step 50 of determining reconstruction filters and the means 12 which implement it will now describe in more detail.
- the means 12 for determining reconstruction filters which comprise a module 82 for determining transfer matrices from the parameters of the signals SL, RP and OS as well as means 84 for determining a matrix decoding D *.
- the means 12 also include a module 86 for storing the response of the reconstruction filters and a module 88 for configuring reconstruction filters.
- a module 86 for storing the response of the reconstruction filters and a module 88 for configuring reconstruction filters.
- Figure 8 there is shown the detail of step 50 of determining reconstruction filters.
- Step 50 is repeated for each operating frequency and comprises a plurality of sub-steps for determining matrices representative of the parameters defined beforehand.
- Step 50 of determining reconstruction filters comprises a sub-step 51 of determining a matrix W for weighting the acoustic field from the signals L (f) and W ⁇ (f).
- W is a diagonal matrix of size (L (f) + 1) 2 containing the weighting coefficients W ⁇ (f) and in which each coefficient W ⁇ (f) is found 2 / + 1 time in succession on the diagonal.
- the matrix W therefore has the following form:
- step 50 includes a sub-step 52 of determining a matrix M representative of the radiation of the restitution set from parameters N / , m , complicat* (), RM (f), H n * (f), ⁇ n * and L (j).
- M is a matrix of size (L (J) + lf on ⁇ ⁇ , made up of elements Mi. m . N * , the indices l, m designating the line l 2 + l + m and n * designating the column n.
- the matrix M therefore has the following form:
- RM (f) defines a radiation model in spherical waves
- the rest of /, m, deputy * is determined according to the relation: - if RM (f) defines a model using the measurements made of the space-time responses, with recourse to the spherical wave model for the missing measurements, then / m, provoke.
- the matrix M thus defined is representative of the radiation of the restitution assembly.
- M is representative of the spatial configuration of the restitution set.
- the matrix M is representative of the space-time responses of the elements 3 ⁇ to 3 ⁇ / and therefore in particular of the room effect induced by the listening location 4 .
- Step 50 also includes a sub-step 53 for determining a matrix F representative of the Fourier-Bessel functions for which perfect reconstruction is required. This matrix is determined from the parameter L (f), as well as from the parameters ⁇ (h, m k ) ⁇ (f) as follows.
- a constituted matrix F is of size K on (L (f) + l) 2 .
- Each row k of the matrix F contains a 1 on the column l k 2 + l k + m k , and 0s elsewhere.
- the decoder 1 When the parameter ⁇ (j) is zero, the decoder 1 reproduces only the Fourier-Bessel functions listed by the parameters ⁇ (l k , m k ) ⁇ (f), the others being ignored.
- ⁇ (f) When ⁇ (f) is set to 1, the decoder perfectly reproduces the Fourier-Bessel functions designated by ⁇ (l k , m k ) ⁇ (f) but also partially reproduces many other Fourier-Bessel functions among those available up to the order L (f) so that the reconstructed field is globally closer to that described at the input. This partial reconstruction allows the decoder 1 to adapt to very irregular rendering configurations in their angular distribution.
- the substeps 51 to 53 implemented by the module 82 can be executed sequentially or simultaneously.
- Step 50 of determining reconstruction filters then comprises a sub-step 54 of taking into account all of the parameters determined previously, implemented by the module 84 in order to deliver a decoding matrix D * representative of the filters reconstruction.
- This matrix D * is delivered from the matrices M, F, W and the parameter ⁇ (J) according to the following expression:
- the matrix D * is therefore representative of the configuration of the restitution unit, of the acoustic characteristics associated with the elements 3 ⁇ to 3 N and of the optimization strategies.
- the matrix D * is representative in particular of the room effect induced by the listening location 4.
- the module 86 for storing the response of the reconstruction filters at the current / complete frequency for the frequency / matrix D (f) representative of the frequency response of the filters reconstruction receiving as input the matrix D *.
- the elements of the matrix D * are stored in the matrix D (f), by inverting the method of determining the list ⁇ “* ⁇ (/) described previously with reference to FIG. 6. More precisely, each element D * n, ⁇ , m of the matrix D * is stored in the element D n * , ⁇ , m (j) of the matrix D (f).
- the elements of D (f) not determined at the end of this sub-step are set to 0.
- Such use of the list ⁇ "* ⁇ () allows the consideration of heterogeneous templates of the elements of restitution 3- ⁇ at 3 ⁇ .
- the matrix D (f) representative of the frequency responses of all the reconstruction filters is addressed to the reconstruction filter configuration module 88.
- the reconstruction filter configuration module 88 then supplies the signal FD representative of the reconstruction filters, receiving the matrix D () as an input.
- Each element D nm (J) of the matrix D () is a reconstruction filter which is described in the signal FD by means of parameters which can take different forms, for example, the parameters of the signal FD associated with each filter
- Dn, ⁇ , m (j) can take the following forms:
- n, ⁇ , "(t) are calculated using Fourier transform inverse temporal D" ⁇ m (j).
- Each re- impulse response J tract, /, w (t) is sampled and then truncated to a length proper to each response; or
- the means 12 for determining reconstruction filters deliver at the end of step 50 a signal FD to the means 11 for determining control signals.
- this signal FD is representative of the following parameters: - spatial configuration of the elements of the reproduction unit;
- - acoustic characteristics associated with the elements of the restitution unit in particular the frequency responses and the space-time responses representative, among other things, of the room effect induced by the listening location 4; - optimization strategies, in particular the spatio-temporal functions whose reconstruction is imposed, the distribution in space of reconstruction constraints of the acoustic field and the desired local adaptation capacity to the spatial irregularity of the configuration of the restitution set 2.
- the means 12 for determining reconstruction filters can be produced in the form of software dedicated to this function or even be integrated into an electronic card or any other appropriate means.
- step 60 of shaping the input signal
- the system When the system is implemented, it receives the input signal SI which includes temporal and spatial information of a sound environment to be restored.
- This information can be of several natures, in particular:
- format B a sound environment coded according to an angular distribution such as for example the format commonly called “format B”;
- the shaping means 6 receive the input signal SI and break it down into Fourier-Bessel coefficients representative of a corresponding acoustic field to the sound environment described by the signal SI. These Fourier-Bessel coefficients are delivered to the decoder 1 by the signal SI F B- Depending on the nature of the input signal SI, the shaping step 60 varies.
- a matrix E makes it possible to assign to each virtual source s a radiation model, for example in spherical wave.
- E is a matrix of size (E + l) 2 over S, where S is the number of sources present in the scene and L is the order in which the decomposition is carried out.
- the position of a source s is designated by its spherical coordinates r s , ⁇ s and ⁇ s .
- the elements E ⁇ _ m _ s of the matrix E are written in the following way:
- E ⁇ m ⁇ S f E ⁇ m ⁇ S f
- the shaping means 6 carry out the operations described below.
- a matrix S makes it possible to assign to each channel c a source of radiation, for example in plane wave of direction of origin ( ⁇ c , ⁇ c ) corresponding to the direction of the rendering element associated with channel c in the multichannel format considered.
- S is a matrix of size (Z + l) 2 over C, where C is the number of channels.
- Each Fourier-Bessel coefficient p ⁇ , m (t) constituting the SIFB signal is obtained by linear combination of the signals y c (t):
- step 60 consists of a simple signal transmission.
- the means 6 deliver, to the attention of the means 11 for determining control signals, a signal SI FB corresponding to the decomposition of the acoustic field to be restored into a finite number of Fourier-Bessel coefficients.
- the means 6 can be produced in the form of dedicated computer software or else can be produced in the form of a dedicated computer card or any other suitable means.
- step 70 of determining control signals we will now describe in more detail the step 70 of determining control signals.
- the means 11 for determining control signals receive as input the signal SI FB corresponding to the Fourier-Bessel coefficients representative of the acoustic field to be restored and the signal FD representative of the reconstruction filters coming from the means 12.
- the signal FD integrates parameters characteristic of the restitution assembly 2. From this information, during step 70, the means 11 determine the signals sc ⁇ (t) to sc ⁇ t) delivered to the attention of the elements 3 ⁇ to 3 ⁇ ⁇ These signals are obtained by applying to the signal SI B reconstruction filters, with frequency response D relieve m (f), and transmitted in the signal FD.
- each filtering of P ⁇ , m (j) by D n , ⁇ , m (f) can be carried out according to conventional filtering methods, such as for example:
- the signal FD directly supplies the frequency responses D relieve m (f), and the filtering is carried out in the frequency domain, for example, using the usual techniques of convolution by blocks;
- the signal FD provides the finite impulse responses Jerie, / , m (t), and the filtering is carried out in the time domain by convolution;
- the signal FD provides the coefficients of recursive filters with infinite impulse responses, and the filtering is carried out in the time domain by means of recurrence relations.
- FIG. 10 shows the case of the finite impulse response filter.
- Step 70 ends with an adjustment of the gains and the application of delays in order to temporally align the wave fronts of the elements 3 ⁇ to 3 ⁇ of the restitution assembly 2 with respect to the most distant element.
- the signals sc ⁇ (t) to sci ⁇ ⁇ t) intended to supply the elements 3 ⁇ to 3w are deduced from the signals v ⁇ (t) to v ⁇ t) according to the expression:
- Each element 3 ⁇ to 3 ⁇ / therefore receives a specific control signal sc-i to SC ⁇ / and emits an acoustic field which contributes to the optimal reconstruction of the acoustic field to be restored. Simultaneous control of all of the elements 3 ⁇ to 3 ⁇ / allows optimal reconstruction of the acoustic field to be restored.
- the system described can also operate in simplified modes.
- the module 12 for determining filters receives only the following parameters: - ⁇ chorus, representative of the position of the element 3 n of the restitution assembly 2;
- step 50 the matrix M is constructed from a plane wave radiation model.
- the module 84 then directly determines the matrix D according to the simplified expression:
- control signals are determined in the time domain and corresponds to simple linear combinations of the coefficients p ⁇ m (t) followed by a time alignment according to the expression:
- the module 11 then supplies the control signals sc ⁇ (t) to sc ⁇ t) intended for the restitution assembly.
- the module 12 for determining filters receives the following parameters as input: - Xn, representative of the position of the element 3 n of the restitution assembly 2;
- the parameters are independent of the frequency and the elements 3 ⁇ to 3 N of the restitution unit are active and supposed to be ideal for all the frequencies.
- the sub-steps of step 50 are therefore carried out only once.
- the matrix M is constructed from a plane wave radiation model.
- the elements ⁇ /, mecanic , hail of the matrix M are simplified by:
- Sub-step 53 for determining the matrix F remains unchanged.
- the module 84 directly determines the matrix D according to the simplified expression:
- control signals are determined in the time domain and corresponds to simple linear combinations of the coefficients p ⁇ , m (t) followed by a time alignment according to the expression:
- the module 11 then supplies the control signals sc x (t) to sc (t) intended for the restitution assembly. It appears that according to the invention, the control signals sci to SCN are adapted to make the best use of the spatial characteristics of the restitution assembly 2, the acoustic characteristics associated with the elements 3 ⁇ to 3 / v and optimization strategies in order to reconstruct a high quality sound field.
- the method of the invention can be implemented by digital computers such as one or more computer processors or digital signal processors (DSP). It can also be implemented from a general platform such as a personal computer.
- digital computers such as one or more computer processors or digital signal processors (DSP). It can also be implemented from a general platform such as a personal computer.
- DSP digital signal processors
- an electronic card intended to be inserted into another element and adapted to store and execute the method of the invention.
- an electronic card can be integrated into a computer.
- all or part of the parameters necessary for the execution of the step of determining reconstruction filters is extracted from prerecorded memories or is delivered by another device dedicated to this function.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0202585 | 2002-02-28 | ||
| FR0202585A FR2836571B1 (fr) | 2002-02-28 | 2002-02-28 | Procede et dispositif de pilotage d'un ensemble de restitution d'un champ acoustique |
| PCT/FR2003/000607 WO2003073791A2 (fr) | 2002-02-28 | 2003-02-25 | Procédé et dispositif de pilotage d'un ensemble de restitution d'un champ acoustique |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1479266A2 true EP1479266A2 (fr) | 2004-11-24 |
| EP1479266B1 EP1479266B1 (fr) | 2016-11-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03720643.0A Expired - Lifetime EP1479266B1 (fr) | 2002-02-28 | 2003-02-25 | Procede et dispositif de pilotage d'un ensemble de restitution d'un champ acoustique |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7394904B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1479266B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP4555575B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR101086308B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1643982B (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2003224221C1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2477450C (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2836571B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2003073791A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6072878A (en) * | 1997-09-24 | 2000-06-06 | Sonic Solutions | Multi-channel surround sound mastering and reproduction techniques that preserve spatial harmonics |
| FR2844894B1 (fr) * | 2002-09-23 | 2004-12-17 | Remy Henri Denis Bruno | Procede et systeme de traitement d'une representation d'un champ acoustique |
| FR2850183B1 (fr) * | 2003-01-20 | 2005-06-24 | Remy Henri Denis Bruno | Procede et dispositif de pilotage d'un ensemble de restitution a partir d'un signal multicanal. |
| DE10362073A1 (de) * | 2003-11-06 | 2005-11-24 | Herbert Buchner | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Verarbeiten eines Eingangssignals |
| EP1695335A1 (fr) * | 2003-12-15 | 2006-08-30 | France Telecom | Procede de synthese et de spatialisation sonores |
| US8078659B2 (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2011-12-13 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Reduction of digital filter delay |
| JP5496192B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-08 | 2014-05-21 | ブリュエル アンド ケアー サウンド アンド ヴァイブレーション メジャーメント エー/エス | 音響場を再構成するための方法 |
| US20110123030A1 (en) * | 2009-11-24 | 2011-05-26 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Dynamic spatial audio zones configuration |
| NZ587483A (en) | 2010-08-20 | 2012-12-21 | Ind Res Ltd | Holophonic speaker system with filters that are pre-configured based on acoustic transfer functions |
| EP2541547A1 (fr) | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-02 | Thomson Licensing | Procédé et appareil pour modifier les positions relatives d'objets de son contenu dans une représentation ambisonique d'ordre supérieur |
| WO2013184215A2 (fr) * | 2012-03-22 | 2013-12-12 | The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill | Procédés, systèmes et supports lisibles par ordinateur permettant de simuler la propagation du son dans des lieux vastes au moyen de sources équivalentes |
| US9420393B2 (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2016-08-16 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Binaural rendering of spherical harmonic coefficients |
| EP2930958A1 (fr) * | 2014-04-07 | 2015-10-14 | Harman Becker Automotive Systems GmbH | Génération d'un champ d'ondes sonores |
| US10015616B2 (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2018-07-03 | University Of Maryland, College Park | Sparse decomposition of head related impulse responses with applications to spatial audio rendering |
| US10679407B2 (en) | 2014-06-27 | 2020-06-09 | The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill | Methods, systems, and computer readable media for modeling interactive diffuse reflections and higher-order diffraction in virtual environment scenes |
| US9977644B2 (en) | 2014-07-29 | 2018-05-22 | The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill | Methods, systems, and computer readable media for conducting interactive sound propagation and rendering for a plurality of sound sources in a virtual environment scene |
| BR112018007276A2 (pt) | 2016-03-15 | 2018-10-30 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V. | aparelho, método ou programa de computador para gerar uma descrição de campo de som |
| EP3313089A1 (fr) * | 2016-10-19 | 2018-04-25 | Holosbase GmbH | Système et procédé de gestion de contenu numérique |
| CN109891503B (zh) * | 2016-10-25 | 2021-02-23 | 华为技术有限公司 | 声学场景回放方法和装置 |
| US10248744B2 (en) | 2017-02-16 | 2019-04-02 | The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill | Methods, systems, and computer readable media for acoustic classification and optimization for multi-modal rendering of real-world scenes |
| EP3624116B1 (fr) * | 2017-04-13 | 2022-05-04 | Sony Group Corporation | Dispositif, procédé et programme de traitement de signal |
| CN113286252B (zh) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-11-16 | 科大讯飞(苏州)科技有限公司 | 一种声场重建方法、装置、设备及存储介质 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5172415A (en) * | 1990-06-08 | 1992-12-15 | Fosgate James W | Surround processor |
| US5666424A (en) * | 1990-06-08 | 1997-09-09 | Harman International Industries, Inc. | Six-axis surround sound processor with automatic balancing and calibration |
| US5598478A (en) * | 1992-12-18 | 1997-01-28 | Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd. | Sound image localization control apparatus |
| GB9307986D0 (en) * | 1993-04-17 | 1993-06-02 | Adaptive Audio Ltd | Method of reproducing sound |
| US5684881A (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 1997-11-04 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Sound field and sound image control apparatus and method |
| US6154549A (en) * | 1996-06-18 | 2000-11-28 | Extreme Audio Reality, Inc. | Method and apparatus for providing sound in a spatial environment |
| AUPO099696A0 (en) * | 1996-07-12 | 1996-08-08 | Lake Dsp Pty Limited | Methods and apparatus for processing spatialised audio |
| JP3976360B2 (ja) * | 1996-08-29 | 2007-09-19 | 富士通株式会社 | 立体音響処理装置 |
| US6078669A (en) * | 1997-07-14 | 2000-06-20 | Euphonics, Incorporated | Audio spatial localization apparatus and methods |
| US6195435B1 (en) * | 1998-05-01 | 2001-02-27 | Ati Technologies | Method and system for channel balancing and room tuning for a multichannel audio surround sound speaker system |
| JP2000267675A (ja) * | 1999-03-16 | 2000-09-29 | Sega Enterp Ltd | 音響信号処理装置 |
| JP2000354300A (ja) * | 1999-06-11 | 2000-12-19 | Accuphase Laboratory Inc | マルチチャンネルオーディオ再生装置 |
| US7158643B2 (en) * | 2000-04-21 | 2007-01-02 | Keyhold Engineering, Inc. | Auto-calibrating surround system |
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- 2002-02-28 FR FR0202585A patent/FR2836571B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-02-25 AU AU2003224221A patent/AU2003224221C1/en not_active Expired
- 2003-02-25 JP JP2003572331A patent/JP4555575B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 US US10/505,852 patent/US7394904B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 CA CA2477450A patent/CA2477450C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 CN CN038066866A patent/CN1643982B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 EP EP03720643.0A patent/EP1479266B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 KR KR1020047013500A patent/KR101086308B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 WO PCT/FR2003/000607 patent/WO2003073791A2/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| See references of WO03073791A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2003224221A1 (en) | 2003-09-09 |
| WO2003073791A8 (fr) | 2004-09-23 |
| CN1643982B (zh) | 2012-06-06 |
| WO2003073791A2 (fr) | 2003-09-04 |
| JP2005519502A (ja) | 2005-06-30 |
| WO2003073791A3 (fr) | 2004-04-08 |
| AU2003224221C1 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
| US20050238177A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
| CA2477450C (fr) | 2013-06-25 |
| CA2477450A1 (fr) | 2003-09-04 |
| KR101086308B1 (ko) | 2011-11-23 |
| JP4555575B2 (ja) | 2010-10-06 |
| AU2003224221B2 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
| CN1643982A (zh) | 2005-07-20 |
| US7394904B2 (en) | 2008-07-01 |
| KR20050018806A (ko) | 2005-02-28 |
| FR2836571A1 (fr) | 2003-08-29 |
| FR2836571B1 (fr) | 2004-07-09 |
| EP1479266B1 (fr) | 2016-11-23 |
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