EP1469367A2 - Spannungsregelschaltung mit Schwingungsunterdrückung - Google Patents
Spannungsregelschaltung mit Schwingungsunterdrückung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1469367A2 EP1469367A2 EP04251107A EP04251107A EP1469367A2 EP 1469367 A2 EP1469367 A2 EP 1469367A2 EP 04251107 A EP04251107 A EP 04251107A EP 04251107 A EP04251107 A EP 04251107A EP 1469367 A2 EP1469367 A2 EP 1469367A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- transistor
- output
- voltage
- regulator circuit
- circuit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC
- G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
- G05F1/575—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices characterised by the feedback circuit
Definitions
- This invention relates to a regulator circuit, in particular, to a series regulator integrated circuit which can prevent oscillation thereof regardless of an output capacitor connected thereto.
- a regulator circuit regulates an input voltage supplied to a power supply terminal thereof from the outside and supplies a regulated voltage as an output voltage to an output terminal thereof. While the output terminal is connected to a load, an output capacitor is also connected to the output terminal. The output capacitor smoothes the output voltage supplied to the output terminal prior to supplying the output voltage to the load. Thus, the load receives the smoothed regulated voltage from a combination of the regulator circuit and the output capacitor.
- the various capacitors have different values of equivalent series resistance (ESR).
- ESR equivalent series resistance
- the electrolytic capacitor, the tantalum capacitor and the ceramic capacitor have the ESR between 0.1 and 100 [ ⁇ ], 0.01 to 1 [ ⁇ ] and 0.001 to 0.1 [ ⁇ ], respectively, though the ESR varies according to a frequency of an input signal supplied to each capacitor and/or an ambient temperature thereof.
- the output capacitor When the output capacitor has the ESR inappropriate for a phase secure range of the regulator circuit connected thereto, it causes the regulator circuit oscillation. Concretely, the regulator circuit oscillates when the output capacitor has too low ESR for the regulator circuit. Accordingly, some preventive measures are necessary for preventing oscillation of the regulator circuit when an output capacitor with a smaller capacitance is used.
- a related regulator circuit is manufactured by advanced micro processing to adapt to reduction of the capacitance and the ESR of the output capacitor. That is, the related regulator circuit secures a necessary oscillation margin by means of miniaturizing devices included therein to improve frequency characteristic thereof.
- Each transistor included in the related regulator circuit for example, has a channel length of 0.6 [ ⁇ m].
- the related regulator is expensive because it is manufactured by the advanced micro processing as mentioned above.
- a regulator circuit is used with an output capacitor connected to an output terminal thereof.
- the regulator circuit comprises a phase correcting capacitor for preventing oscillation thereof.
- the regulator circuit is characterized in that the phase correcting capacitor is provided to be independent of the output capacitor connected to the output terminal.
- the regulator circuit further comprises a power supply terminal and an output transistor connected between the power supply terminal and the output terminal.
- the phase correcting capacitor is included in a phase correcting circuit portion provided at a side of the power supply terminal in relation to the output transistor in the regulator circuit.
- a regulator circuit comprises an error amplifier for producing an error signal according to a difference between a reference voltage and a divided voltage derived from an output voltage supplied to an output terminal.
- An output circuit is for producing the output voltage according to the error signal.
- a feedback voltage producing portion is for producing a feedback voltage equivalent to the output voltage from the input voltage.
- a phase correcting portion is connected to both of the feedback voltage producing portion and the error amplifier and has a phase correcting capacitor to correct phase of the error signal according to the feedback output voltage.
- a regulator circuit regulates an input voltage to produce an output voltage according to an error signal based on difference between a reference voltage and a divided voltage derived from the output signal.
- a method for preventing the regulator circuit from oscillating is characterized by the steps of producing a feedback voltage equivalent to the output voltage, and correcting a phase of the error signal according to the feedback voltage.
- Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a related regulator circuit.
- the regulator circuit comprises a power supply terminal V DD for being connected to a power supply P W , a grounding terminal GND for being grounded, and an output terminal V OUT for being connected to an load RL together with an output capacitor C1.
- the regulator circuit is called a three terminal regulator circuit or a series regulator integrated circuit (IC).
- the regulator circuit further comprises a constant current source 11, first to tenth transistors M1-M10, first to third resistors R1-R3 and a phase correcting capacitor C1.
- the constant current source 11 and the first to the eighth transistors M1-M8 form an error amplifier connected between the power supply terminal V DD and the grounding terminal GND.
- the error amplifier is connected to a connection point between the first and the second resistors R1 and R2 to receive a divided voltage produced by a combination of the first and the second resistors R1 and R2.
- the error amplifier is further connected to a reference voltage producing circuit (not shown) to receive a reference voltage supplied from the reference voltage producing circuit.
- the error amplifier produces an error signal according to a difference between the divided voltage and the reference voltage.
- the ninth transistor M9 has a gate, a drain and a source which are connected to the error amplifier, a gate of the tenth transistor M10 and the grounding terminal GND respectively.
- the ninth transistor M9 receives the error signal from the error amplifier to vary a gate voltage of the tenth transistor M10 according to the error signal.
- the tenth transistor M10 has a source and a drain which are connected to the power supply terminal V DD and the output terminal V OUT respectively.
- the tenth transistor M10 serves as an output transistor (or a power transistor). That is, the tenth transistor M10 regulates an input voltage supplied to the power supply terminal V DD to supply a regulated voltage as an output voltage to the output terminal V OUT .
- the first and the second resistor R1 and R2 are connected to each other between the output terminal V OUT and the grounding terminal GND.
- the first and the second resistor R1 and R2 divide the output voltage to produce the divided voltage at the connection point between them.
- the third resistor R3 is connected between the gate and the source of the tenth transistor M10 to produce a control voltage (i.e. the gate voltage) at the gate of tenth transistor M10 according to an operation of the ninth transistor M9.
- the phase correcting capacitor C1 is connected between the output terminal V OUT and a gate of the first transistor M1 (or the connection point between the first and the second resistors R1 and R2). Alternatively, as shown by broken lines in Fig. 1, the phase correcting capacitor C1 is connected between the output terminal V OUT and a gate of the eighth transistor M8.
- Supplying the power supply voltage (e.g. 3-7 [V]) to the power supply terminal V DD causes currents flowing through the first and the second transistors M1 and M2. Values of the currents flowing through the first and the second transistors M1 and M2 depend on the difference between the divided voltage and the reference voltage.
- the reference voltage for example, is equal to 1.2 [V].
- the third and the fourth transistors M3 and M4 form a first current mirror circuit while the fifth and the sixes transistors M5 and M6 form a second current mirror circuit.
- the first and the second current mirror circuits supply currents equivalent to the currents flowing through the first and the second transistors M1 and M2 to the seventh and the eighth transistors M7 and M8 respectively.
- a difference between the currents supplied to the seventh and the eighth transistors M7 and M8 generates a voltage (i.e. the error signal) at the gate of the ninth transistor M9.
- the ninth transistor M9 varies a current flowing therein according to the error signal. Consequently, the gate voltage of the tenth transistor M10 is varied according to the error signal.
- the tenth transistor M10 regulates the input voltage and supplies the output voltage to the output terminal V OUT .
- the output voltage for example, is equal to 2-5 [V].
- the output voltage is smoothed by the output capacitor Co prior to supplying it to the load RL.
- the phase correcting capacitor C1 enlarges a phase secure range of the regulator circuit to prevent the regulator circuit from oscillating. In other words, the phase correcting capacitor C1 secures phase advance of the output voltage against the input voltage.
- the phase correcting capacitor C1 for example, has a capacitance of 30 [pF].
- the regulator circuit having the phase correcting capacitor C1 does not oscillate, even if it is connected to the output capacitor Co with relative high ESR (e.g. 100 [ ⁇ ]).
- Fig. 2 shows open loop characteristics of the regulator circuit of Fig. 1 in a case where the output capacitor Co having the ESR of 100 [ ⁇ ] is connected to the regulator circuit.
- phase difference between input and output signals is larger than a necessary phase margin (e.g. 45°) in a frequency range from 0.01 to 10000 [kHz]. Accordingly, the regulator circuit does not oscillate in the case of Fig. 2.
- a necessary phase margin e.g. 45°
- phase correcting capacitor C1 is effective in the case where the output capacitor Co has the relative high ESR, it is ineffective in a case where the output capacitor Co has relative low ESR (e.g. equal to or less than 0.1 [ ⁇ ]).
- Fig. 3 shows open loop characteristics of the regulator circuit of Fig. 1 in a case where the output capacitor Co having the ESR of 0.01 [ ⁇ ] is connected to the regulator circuit.
- the phase difference between the input and the output signals is lower than the necessary phase margin (45°) in a frequency range over 20 [kHz].
- the regulator circuit has a positive gain. Therefore, the regulator oscillates in the case of Fig. 3.
- the open loop characteristics of the regulator circuit can be improved by miniaturizing components (or devices) of the regulator circuit.
- the necessary oscillation margin can be secured. Accordingly, the regulator circuit having miniaturized components does not oscillate even if the output capacitor connected thereto has the relative low ESR.
- Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the regulator circuit (or a series regulator IC).
- the regulator circuit is basically similar to the related regulator circuit of Fig. 1 and different in having a phase correcting circuit portion 40 including a phase correcting capacitor C1'.
- the regulator circuit comprises a constant current source 11, first to tenth transistors M1-M10, first to third resistors R1-R3 and the phase correcting circuit portion 40.
- the phase correcting circuit portion 40 comprises an eleventh transistor M11, forth and fifth resistors R4 and R5, and the phase correcting capacitor C1'.
- the forth and the fifth resistors R4 and R5 has resistance of 60 [k ⁇ ] and 100 [k ⁇ ] respectively, while the phase correcting capacitor C1' has capacitance of 5 [pF].
- the constant current source 11 and the first to the eighth transistors M1-M8 form an error amplifier (as an error amplifying means) to produce an error signal according to two input signals (i.e. a divided voltage and a reference voltage as mentioned below).
- the first and the second transistors M1 and M2 comprise N channel FETs (e.g. MOS FETs) which are identical to each other.
- the first and the second transistors M1 and M2 have sources connected to the constant current source 11 in common, and drains connected to those of the third and the fifth transistors M3 and M5.
- a gate of the first transistor M1 is connected to a connection point between the first and the second resistors R1 and R2.
- a gate of the second transistor M2 is connected to a reference voltage producing circuit (not shown) to receive the reference voltage produced by the reference voltage producing circuit.
- the first and the second transistors M1 and M2 divides a constant current produced by the constant current source 11 according to the difference between voltages supplied to the gates of the first and the second transistors M1 and M2.
- the third and the fourth transistors M3 and M4 comprise P channel FETs (e.g. MOS FETs) which are identical to each other.
- the third and the fourth transistors M3 and M4 have sources connected to a power supply terminal V DD , and gates connected to a drain of the third transistor M3.
- the drain of the third transistor M3 is connected to the drain of the first transistor M1.
- a drain of the fourth transistor M4 is connected to a drain of the seventh transistor M7.
- the third and the fourth transistors M3 and M4 form a first current mirror circuit to supply a current equivalent to that flowing through the first transistor M1 to the seventh transistor M7.
- the fifth and the sixth transistors M5 and M6 are similar to the third and the fourth transistor M3 and M4. That is, the fifth and the sixth transistors M5 and M6 comprise P channel FETs (e.g. MOS FETs) which are identical to each other.
- the fifth and the sixth transistors M5 and M6 have sources connected to a power supply terminal V DD , and gates connected to a drain of the fifth transistor M5.
- the drain of the fifth transistor M5 is connected to the drain of the first transistor M1.
- a drain of the sixth transistor M6 is connected to a drain of the eighth transistor M8.
- the fifth and the sixth transistors M5 and M6 form a second current mirror circuit to supply a current equivalent to that flowing through the second transistor M2 to the eighth transistor M8.
- the seventh and the eighth transistors M7 and M8 comprise N channel FETs (e.g. MOS FETs) which are identical to each other.
- the seventh transistor M7 has a source connected to the grounding terminal GND, and a gate connected to both of the drain thereof and one of the terminals of the fifth resistor R5 of the phase correcting circuit portion 40.
- the eighth transistor M8 has a source connected to the grounding terminal GND, and a gate connected to the other terminal of the fifth resistor R5 of the phase correcting circuit portion 40.
- the eighth transistor M8 is referred to as an error signal producing transistor.
- the seventh and the eighth transistors M7 and M8 form a third current mirror circuit to generate a voltage (i.e. the error signal) at the drain of the eighth transistor M8 according to a difference between currents supplied from the fourth and the sixth transistors M4 and M6.
- the ninth transistor M9 comprises an N channel FET.
- the ninth transistor M9 has a source connected to the grounding terminal GND, a drain connected to a gate of the tenth transistor M10, and a gate connected to the drain of the eighth transistor M8 (and to the drain of the sixth transistor M6).
- the ninth transistor M9 cooperates with a third resistor R3 to generate a voltage (i.e. a control voltage) at the gate of the tenth transistor M10 according to a gate voltage (i.e. the error signal supplied from the error amplifier) of the ninth transistor M9.
- the tenth transistor M10 comprises a P channel FET.
- the tenth transistor M10 has a source connected to the power supply terminal V DD and to the gate thereof through the third resistor R3.
- a drain of the tenth transistor M10 connected to the output terminal V OUT .
- the tenth transistor M10 regulates an input voltage (or a power supply voltage) supplied to the power supply terminal V DD from the power supply P W to produce an output voltage (or a regulated voltage) supplied to the output terminal V OUT .
- the tenth transistor M10 is referred to as an output transistor.
- the ninth and the tenth transistors M9 and M10 and the third resistor R3 serve as an output circuit means.
- the first and the second resistors R1 and R2 are connected to each other between the output terminal V OUT and the grounding terminal GND. As mentioned above, the connection point between the first and the second resistors R1 and R2 is connected to the gate of the first transistor M1. The first and the second resistor R1 and R2 divide the output voltage supplied to the output terminal V OUT to produce the divided voltage supplied to the gate of the first transistor M1.
- the eleventh transistor M11 comprises a P channel transistor.
- the eleventh transistor M11 together with the tenth transistor M10, forms a current mirror circuit.
- the eleventh transistor M11 is referred to as a correcting circuit transistor or a feedback transistor.
- the eleventh transistor M11 has a source connected to the power supply terminal V DD , a drain connected to the grounding terminal GND through the fourth resistor R4, and a gate connected to the gate of the tenth transistor M10.
- the fourth resistor R4 is referred to as a current-voltage-converting resistor.
- the fourth resistor R4 cooperates with the eleventh transistor M11 produces a feedback voltage proportional to (or equivalent to) the output voltage at a connection point between the fourth resistor R4 and the eleventh transistor M11. That is, the fourth resistor R4 and the eleventh transistor M11 serves as a feedback voltage producing means.
- the feedback voltage is not influenced by an output capacitor Co (especially, its ESR) connected to the output terminal V OUT . This is because the source of the eleventh transistor M11 is not connected to the output terminal V OUT but to the power supplying terminal V DD .
- the phase correcting capacitor C1' has a pair of terminals, one of which is connected to the connection point between the eleventh transistor M11 and the fourth resistor R4, and the other of which is connected to the gate of the eighth transistor M8. IN other words, the other of the terminals of the phase correcting capacitor is connected to both of the resistor R5 and the eighth transistor M8.
- the phase correcting capacitor C1' varies the gate voltage of the eighth transistor M8 according to the feedback voltage to correct the error signal output from the error amplifier.
- the phase correcting capacitor C1' and the resistor R5 serve as a phase correcting means.
- the regulator circuit of Fig. 4 regulates the input voltage supplied to the power supply terminal V DD to produce the regulated voltage.
- the regulator circuit supplies the regulated voltage to the output terminal V OUT as the output voltage.
- the phase correcting circuit 40 is connected between the input terminal V DD and the output transistor M10 as mentioned above. That is, the phase correcting circuit 40 is provided at a power supplying terminal side of the output terminal 10. Accordingly, the phase correcting circuit 40 can execute phase correction without influence of the output capacitor Co (or its ESR) when the regulator circuit regulates the power supply voltage. That is, the phase correcting circuit 40 feeds the feedback voltage proportional to the output voltage to the error amplifier regardless of the output capacitor Co (or the ESR) and corrects the error signal output from the error amplifier to suppress variation of the output voltage.
- the regulator circuit of this embodiment can execute the phase correction between the input and the output voltages regardless of the ESR of the output capacitor Co. Therefore, the regulator circuit secures the necessary phase margin regardless of a frequency of variation of the power supply voltage. At least, the necessary phase margin is secured for the ESR from 10 [m ⁇ ] to 100 [ ⁇ ].
- Fig. 5 shows open loop characteristics of the regulator circuit of Fig. 4 in a case where the output capacitor Co having the ESR of 100 [ ⁇ ] is connected to the regulator circuit.
- the regulator circuit is manufactured by means of normal fine processing while each transistor included in the regulator circuit has a channel length of 1.2 [ ⁇ m].
- phase difference between input and output signals is larger than the necessary phase margin (e.g. 45°) over a frequency range from 0.01 to 10000 [kHz]. Accordingly, the regulator circuit does not oscillate in the case of Fig. 5.
- Fig. 6 shows open loop characteristics of the regulator circuit of Fig. 4 in a case where the output capacitor Co has the ESR of 0.01 [ ⁇ ].
- the necessary phase margin (45°) is secured in a frequency range under 1000 [Hz].
- the regulator circuit has negative gain in a frequency range over 1000 [Hz]. Accordingly, the regulator circuit does not oscillate over a frequency range from 0.01 to 10000 [kHz].
- the regulator circuit of this embodiment can be used with the output capacitor having a small capacitance and low ESR, even if it is manufactured by the normal fine processing. Therefore, the regulator circuit is inexpensive.
- a regulator circuit comprises a phase correcting circuit portion.
- the phase correcting circuit portion comprises a current correcting transistor M11 combined with an output transistor to form a current mirror circuit.
- An I-V converting resistor R4 is connected to the current correcting transistor M11 to convert a current flowing through the phase correcting circuit portion into a feedback voltage which is proportional to an output voltage and independent of an output capacitor Co.
- a phase correcting capacitor C1 and a resistor R5 corrects the error signal according to the feedback voltage.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
- Continuous-Control Power Sources That Use Transistors (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003110435 | 2003-04-15 | ||
| JP2003110435A JP4016273B2 (ja) | 2003-04-15 | 2003-04-15 | レギュレータ回路 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1469367A2 true EP1469367A2 (de) | 2004-10-20 |
| EP1469367A3 EP1469367A3 (de) | 2005-07-06 |
Family
ID=32906016
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04251107A Withdrawn EP1469367A3 (de) | 2003-04-15 | 2004-02-27 | Spannungsregelschaltung mit Schwingungsunterdrückung |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1469367A3 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP4016273B2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115857617A (zh) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-03-28 | 佛山科学技术学院 | 基于cafvf的抗辐射自偏置低压差稳压器电路 |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006099500A (ja) * | 2004-09-30 | 2006-04-13 | Mitsumi Electric Co Ltd | レギュレータ回路 |
| JP2006127225A (ja) | 2004-10-29 | 2006-05-18 | Torex Device Co Ltd | 電源回路 |
| JP4527592B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-18 | 2010-08-18 | 株式会社リコー | 定電圧電源回路 |
| KR100923706B1 (ko) | 2007-07-09 | 2009-10-27 | 인티그런트 테크놀로지즈(주) | 차동 위상 보상기 및 이를 포함하는 증폭회로 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5182526A (en) * | 1991-07-18 | 1993-01-26 | Linear Technology Corporation | Differential input amplifier stage with frequency compensation |
| JP3442942B2 (ja) * | 1996-10-08 | 2003-09-02 | シャープ株式会社 | 直流安定化電源回路の出力ドライブ回路 |
| US6300749B1 (en) * | 2000-05-02 | 2001-10-09 | Stmicroelectronics S.R.L. | Linear voltage regulator with zero mobile compensation |
-
2003
- 2003-04-15 JP JP2003110435A patent/JP4016273B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-02-27 EP EP04251107A patent/EP1469367A3/de not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115857617A (zh) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-03-28 | 佛山科学技术学院 | 基于cafvf的抗辐射自偏置低压差稳压器电路 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4016273B2 (ja) | 2007-12-05 |
| JP2004318407A (ja) | 2004-11-11 |
| EP1469367A3 (de) | 2005-07-06 |
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