EP1467152B1 - Cheminée - Google Patents

Cheminée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1467152B1
EP1467152B1 EP04101443A EP04101443A EP1467152B1 EP 1467152 B1 EP1467152 B1 EP 1467152B1 EP 04101443 A EP04101443 A EP 04101443A EP 04101443 A EP04101443 A EP 04101443A EP 1467152 B1 EP1467152 B1 EP 1467152B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fireplace
plate
heat
core
shell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04101443A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1467152A1 (fr
Inventor
Tarmo Hirvonen
Jouni Hiltunen
Pekka Horttanainen
Heikki Olenius
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Tulikivi Oyj
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Tulikivi Oyj
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/185—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion
    • F24B1/187—Condition responsive controls for regulating combustion 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fireplace comprising a core with a firebox and a shell arranged at a distance from the core in such a manner that there is a space between the core and the shell.
  • the shell is at a distance from the core among other things to enable, without damaging the structure of the fireplace, displacements caused by differences in the thermal expansion of the shell and core.
  • An essential feature of a fireplace is the ability to emit heat into its surroundings (typically a room).
  • the thermal effect that a fireplace emits to its surroundings depends on the size (surface area) of the shell of the fireplace and the temperature of its surface.
  • the thermal effect of a batch-heated fireplace varies as a function of time during the heating cycle and after the heating cycle. When heating is started, the temperature of the shell surface rises approximately in direct proportion to the time used for heating. After the heating ends, the temperature of the shell continues to rise, because heat is still transmitted from the hot core of the fireplace to the relatively cold surrounding shell. After the core has increased the surface temperature of the shell to its maximum, the surface temperature of the shell begins slowly to decrease with time.
  • a unit used for heating is generally expected to provide an as uniform heat emission as possible.
  • a fireplace is a heating unit in which said property is, in practice, difficult to implement, because it requires that the fireplace be heated at short intervals, which is arduous.
  • One desired property of a fireplace is that it emits heat at high power and as long as possible per one heating. In this respect, a large fireplace is better than a small one.
  • a drawback of a small fireplace in particular is that it needs to be heated to such a high temperature that it raises the temperature in a room at least momentarily to uncomfortably hot so as to achieve a long-term heat emission per one heating.
  • a fireplace of the invention which is characterized in that, in the space between the core and the shell, heat regulation means are arranged for regulating and thereby controlling the amount of radiation heat transmitted from the surface of the core towards the inner surface of the shell.
  • the heat regulation means preferably comprise plate-like elements and a turning mechanism for placing the plate-like elements into the space between the core and shell alternatively in a first position, in which the planes defined by the plate-like elements are mainly parallel to the plane defined by the core, thus preventing radiation heat from transmitting from the surface of the core towards the inner surface of the shell, and in a second position, in which the planes defined by the plate-like elements are at an angle to the plane defined by the core, in which second position the planes defined by the plate-like elements do not prevent the transmission of radiation heat.
  • the use of several plate-like elements makes it possible to locate the heat regulation means in a small space inside the fireplace, in which case the distance between the core and shell can be short.
  • a relatively short distance, such as 20 to 50 mm, between the core and shell is important, because otherwise radiation heat cannot be made to transmit efficiently from the core to the shell when this is required, i.e. typically when the fireplace has cooled below a given temperature. Heat transmission may also be needed at the initial stage of heating, when it is necessary for the fireplace to obtain its maximum temperature as quickly as possible.
  • the heat regulation means of the fireplace preferably consist of a jalousie, wherein the slats of the jalousie form said plate-like elements.
  • the structure of the jalousie may correspond to that of a conventional jalousie used in dwellings, in which the slats of the jalousie are horizontal.
  • An advantage of the jalousie is also that it is easy to raise and lower to the desired height, which makes it possible to influence the heat emission properties of the fireplace.
  • the heat regulation means can alternatively consist of a vertical lamella jalousie, the lamellas of which form said plate-like elements.
  • the structure of the vertical lamella jalousie can be similar to that of the vertical jalousies used in offices.
  • One advantage of the vertical lamella jalousie is that its structure can be made such (vertical pivots) that the power needed to adjust the angle of the lamellas is very low and turning the jalousie into the desired position can be done with a small actuator and even automatically.
  • Said plate-like elements are preferably made of a material that reflects (well) thermal radiation and is heat insulating, such as hollow aluminium or steel pieces.
  • the material of the heat regulation means can be selected to poorly transmit thermal radiation when the temperature is high, but to transmit thermal radiation well when the temperature is lower.
  • Such a structure provides automatic regulation of radiation heat, in which the shell is prevented from becoming unnecessarily hot, but the transmission of thermal radiation is possible from the core of the fireplace to the shell when the shell temperature is low.
  • the heat regulation means comprise 1 to 4 plate-like elements turnable towards the main surface of the fireplace from a first position to a second position, the face surfaces of the plate-like elements being, in the first position, arranged to prevent radiation heat from being transmitted from the surface of the core towards the inner surface of the shell, and the face surfaces of the plate-like elements being, in the second position, at a location where they are prevented from causing the prevention of the transmission of radiation heat.
  • the shell of the fireplace can then have an opening or openings for removing the plate-like elements at least partly from the space between the core and shell of the fireplace. The more elements the heat regulation means has, the more exactly the amount of transmitted heat radiation can be regulated.
  • the heat regulation means comprise a first plate-like element and a second plate-like element movable from a first position to a second position with respect to the first plate-like element.
  • the first and second plate-like elements then have a set of holes in such a manner that the second plate-like element is arranged to cover the holes in the first plate-like element when the second plate-like element is in its first position, and the holes of the second plate-like element are aligned with the holes of the first plate-like element when the second plate-like element is in its second position so as to enable the transmission of radiation heat.
  • the biggest advantages of the fireplace of the invention are that, in conventional batch-type burning, it has an ability to emit heat to its surroundings in a more uniform and longer manner than the prior-art fireplaces having the same mass, and in such a manner that the thermal emission power remains high. This makes possible a better utilization of the heat stored into the stone material of the fireplace.
  • Curves A and B of Figure 1 illustrate how thermal effect P changes as a function of time t in a fireplace of the invention equipped with heat regulation means.
  • the fireplace is made of stone and comprises a core and a shell surrounding it.
  • curve A marked with a dashed line
  • curve B marked with a continuous line, illustrate how the thermal effect changes as a function of time when the fireplace has been heated in batches with the same method and the same amount of wood.
  • Thermal effect P changes according to curve A when the heat regulation means (the structure of which is described later) are set to the open position, in which they do not much prevent the transmission of heat from the core of the fireplace to the shell of the fireplace.
  • Curve A corresponds to the changing of the thermal effect of a conventional fireplace without heat regulation means as a function of time.
  • Curve B shows the changing of the thermal effect P B of the fireplace according to the invention as a function of time t when the heat regulation means in it are controlled as a function of time.
  • the heat regulation means are initially open (or alternatively closed) for a short time, after which they are closed and kept at least partly closed for a specific time, after which the heat regulation means are opened so that, in the end, they are fully open.
  • curves A and B differ essentially from each other.
  • Curve A shows the rapid heating of the fireplace to maximum power P Amax , in which the temperature of the shell is for instance 80°C, after which the shell begins to cool so that the cooling is quite rapid during a longish period.
  • Curve B shows a situation, in which the heat regulation means of the fireplace are kept closed at least during time period t 1 to t 2 so that the thermal effect of the fireplace cannot increase to value P Amax , but only increases rapidly to maximum power P Bmax , which is considerably lower than P Amax .
  • the thermal effect P B of the fireplace remains approximately constant during time period t 1 to t 3 , after which the thermal effect begins to decrease, but only gently due to the fact that the heat regulation means are kept open after time instant t 3 , whereby the core of the fireplace emits heat to the shell of the fireplace as efficiently as possible.
  • curve B is higher than curve A, which means that the thermal effect emitted by the fireplace after the time instant t 2 is significantly higher than in the case of curve A and heat emission also continues longer. Because curve B decreases more gently than curve A, heat emission to the surroundings is also more uniform. In the case of both curve A and curve B, the amount of heat emitted to the surroundings is the same.
  • the heat regulation means are kept in the open position at the initial stage of heating during time period to to t 1 , they are kept closed during time period t 1 to t 3 , and open again after time instant t 3 .
  • FIGs 2 and 3 illustrate the structure of the fireplace of the invention.
  • the fireplace is shown opened in such a manner that most of the shell 1 of the fireplace is removed.
  • the figure thus shows the core 2 of the fireplace having a firebox 3, and the bottom end of the shell 1.
  • Reference number 4 indicates a jalousie serving as the heat regulation means and mounted on the side of the fireplace, the jalousie enabling the control of the amount of radiation heat transmitting from the core 2 of the fireplace towards the shell 1.
  • the jalousie 4 is fastened to the top edge of the core 2 at the height of the fire lid of the fireplace.
  • Figure 2 only shows one jalousie 4.
  • the jalousies 4 extend down until the low limit of the firebox 3, even though, in some applications, it is enough that their low edge is at a distance of 0 to 300 mm from the low limit of the firebox.
  • the low edge of the jalousie can also extend until the low limit of the firebox 3, because the jalousie can easily be lifted out of the way at the fire door.
  • the jalousies 4 are in the space between the shell 1 and core 2, which space is illustrated by reference number 5.
  • the distance S between the core 2 and shell 1 is preferably 5 to 30 mm, but may be within the range of 5 to 90 mm. If the distance is too long, the core 2 of the fireplace cannot efficiently emit radiation heat to the shell 1, which heat emission is required in some operating situations. Due to this, the distance S is, in practice, at most approximately 300 mm.
  • the planar slats 13 cover each other as they are substantially parallel and in the vertical direction, thus preventing radiation heat from transmitting from the core 2 to the shell 1.
  • the planes of the slats 13 are substantially horizontal and have large openings between them to enable radiation heat to transmit from the core 2 to the inner surface of the shell 1.
  • the position of the slats 13 of the jalousie 4, i.e. angle a, can be adjusted as required by means of a turnable control rod 6 on the outer surface of the fireplace shell, see Figure 3.
  • Reference number 7 in Figure 3 indicates the control rod of the jalousies on the front surface of the fireplace.
  • FIG 5 shows in more detail the structure of the jalousies 4 mounted on the sides of the fireplace of Figure 2.
  • the jalousies 4 are conventional jalousies used in rooms. Therefore, they comprise not only a control rod 7, but also two strings 8, by means of which the bottom edge 9 of the jalousies (see Figure 2) can be set at the desired height.
  • the structure need not be described in more detail in this context, since it is generally known. Naturally, the materials of the jalousie need to be selected so that their temperature endurance is sufficient.
  • the knob 10 of the control rod 6 By turning the knob 10 of the control rod 6, the slats 13 can be turned into the desired position. Holes for the control rod 6 and strings 8 have been made in the shell 1.
  • the slats 13 of the jalousie 4 are installed at such an angle ⁇ with respect to the vertical plane defined by the core 2 that the slats reflect the radiation coming from the core 2 obliquely downward back towards the core, which is illustrated by the arrows drawn in the figure. Because the top of the core 2 is hotter than its bottom, said position of the slats is suitable to even the temperature difference between the top and bottom of the core 2. This is an advantage, because it, for its part, helps the fireplace to emit heat as uniformly as possible.
  • Figure 5 further shows that the jalousie 4 is arranged closer to the shell 1 than the core 2.
  • the vertical centre point of the jalousie 4 is at a distance L from the inner surface of the shell 1, which means that the centre point remains at a distance S - L from the surface of the core 2.
  • Distance L is 5 to 20 mm.
  • the bottom and top of the shell 1 have openings closable with covers 11 and 12; see Figure 3.
  • the position of at least one 11 of the covers 11, 12 is adjustable to control the amount of air flowing through a cover opening, whereby the cover operates as a valve enabling the control of the amount of heat transmitted through the cover to the room.
  • the opening of cover 12 is drawn with a dashed line, and it is marked by reference number 14.
  • Figures 6 and 7 show an alternative fireplace to the embodiment of Figures 2 and 5.
  • the reference numbering used in Figures 2 and 5 is also used in Figures 6 and 7.
  • the shell 1' of the fireplace of Figure 6 only shows its bottom so as to reveal the structure of the core of the fireplace and the heat regulation means 4'.
  • the heat regulation means consist of a vertical lamella jalousie 4'.
  • only one vertical lamella jalousie 4' is drawn in the figure, even though they could preferably be installed on all main walls of the fireplace (as is the case in the solution of Figure 2).
  • the structure of the vertical lamella jalousie 4' can be similar to conventional vertical lamella jalousies used in buildings, such as business premises.
  • the planar lamellas 13' of the vertical lamella jalousies 4' can be set to overlap so that heat cannot transmit through radiation from the core 2' to the shell 1'.
  • the plane formed by the lamellas 13' then follows the direction of the surface of the fireplace.
  • the lamellas 13' can be turned into a position in which they are substantially perpendicular to the direction of the fireplace surface. In this position, the core 2' of the fireplace is capable of radiating towards the shell 1' through openings between adjacent lamellas to heat the shell by radiation heat.
  • Reference number 15' indicates an actuator with which the lamellas 13' are turned to the required angle.
  • the actuator 15' can be one based on wax expansion, bimetal temperature transformation, electric temperature measurement and electric control. For control, the temperature can be measured from the fireplace or room or outside the building.
  • reference number 16' indicates a temperature sensor fastened to the shell 1' of the fireplace. The actuator 15' can be controlled manually or by a thermostat.
  • Figures 8 to 10 illustrate what kind of vertical jalousie may be arranged in the fireplace.
  • the figures use the same reference numbers for the same parts as in Figures 2 to 7.
  • Figures 8 to 10 show that each lamella 13" of the vertical lamella jalousie 4" is fitted with a double bearing 17".
  • Reference number 18" indicates a push rod with which the size of the openings between the lamellas 13" is adjusted. In Figure 10, the push rod 18" is in a position in which the lamellas 13" are partially open.
  • the openings between the lamellas 13" can be made larger; and by moving the push rod 18" to the left (in which case the push rod also moves slightly upward in the figure), the openings between the lamellas 13" can be made smaller and even completely closed.
  • the plate-like elements serving as the heat regulation means are made of a heat-insulating material that reflects thermal radiation.
  • An example of this type of material is a hollow aluminium slat with air or a solid insulation material inside it. Instead of aluminium, steel or another metal can be used.
  • the number and exact location of the heat regulation means may vary in the fireplace. It is thus possible that one of the main surfaces, such as the front surface, of the fireplace does not have the heat regulation means.
  • the structure of the heat regulation means may also vary. They can be made up of perforated plates set to overlap, one of which can be moved with respect to the other so that the holes are in line or covered. In the first case, heat can transmit through radiation from the core of the fireplace to the shell; in the second case, the transmission of heat is prevented.
  • the heat regulation means are made up of perforated plates, the holes of which are covered by a bimetal films which are arranged to cover the holes when a given temperature is exceeded, but which are arranged to turn such that the holes open when the temperature goes below a given value.
  • This latter adjustment is not possible manually, but is fully automatic, which at least in some applications is desirable.
  • the heat regulation means consist of one or more rolling or folding jalousies arranged between the core and shell of the fireplace.
  • the technical structure of the rolling or folding jalousie may correspond to that of rolling or folding jalousies used in rooms. Sufficient temperature endurance naturally needs to be taken in to account when selecting the material. Adjusting the height of the rolling or folding jalousie affects the transmission of radiation heat from the core to the shell.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Blinds (AREA)
  • Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
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  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Cheminée comprenant une partie centrale (2, 2') munie d'un foyer (3, 3'), et une coque (1, 1') agencée à une distance (S) de la partie centrale de telle sorte qu'il y a un espace (5, 5') entre la partie centrale (2, 2') et la coque (1, 1'), caractérisée en ce que des moyens de régulation thermique (4, 4') sont agencés dans l'espace (5, 5') entre la partie centrale (2, 2') et la coque (1, 1') afin de régler et de contrôler la quantité de chaleur rayonnante transmise entre la surface de la partie centrale (2, 2') et la surface interne de la coque (1, 1').
  2. Cheminée selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de régulation thermique (4, 4') comprennent un moyen mécanique (4, 4') agencé afin de réguler la quantité de chaleur rayonnante en changeant sa position dans ledit espace (5, 5').
  3. Cheminée selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de régulation thermique (4, 4') comprennent un élément en forme de plaque pouvant se déplacer d'une première position vers une seconde position, la surface de face de l'élément en forme de plaque étant, dans la première position, agencée afin d'empêcher la chaleur rayonnante d'être transmise entre la surface de la partie centrale et la surface interne de la coque, et la surface de face de l'élément en forme de plaque se trouvant, dans la seconde position, à un emplacement auquel elle ne peut empêcher la transmission de la chaleur rayonnante.
  4. Cheminée selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que la coque (1, 1') possède une ouverture destinée à retirer l'élément en forme de plaque au moins partiellement de l'espace situé entre la partie centrale (2, 2') et la coque (1, 1'), de façon à déplacer l'élément en forme de plaque dans ladite seconde position.
  5. Cheminée selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de régulation thermique (4, 4') comprennent un premier élément en forme de plaque, et un second élément en forme de plaque pouvant se déplacer d'une première position vers une seconde position par rapport au premier élément en forme de plaque, en ce que le premier et le second éléments possèdent un ensemble d'orifices, en ce que le second élément en forme de plaque est agencé afin de couvrir les orifices du premier élément en forme de plaque lorsque le second élément en forme de plaque se trouve dans sa première position, et en ce que les orifices du second élément en forme de plaque sont alignés avec les orifices du premier élément en forme de plaque lorsque le second élément en forme de plaque se trouve dans sa seconde position, de façon à permettre la transmission de la chaleur rayonnante.
  6. Cheminée selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de régulation thermique (4, 4') comprennent des éléments en forme de plaque (13, 13') et un mécanisme de rotation (6, 6') destiné à placer les éléments en forme de plaque dans l'espace (5, 5') situé entre la partie centrale (2, 2') et la coque (1, 1'), alternativement dans une première position, dans laquelle les plans définis par les éléments en forme de plaque (13, 13') sont principalement parallèles au plan défini par la partie centrale (2, 2'), empêchant ainsi toute transmission de chaleur rayonnante entre la surface de la partie centrale (2, 2') et la surface interne de la coque (1, 1'), et dans une seconde position, dans laquelle les plans définis par les éléments en forme de plaque (13, 13') sont à un angle (α) par rapport au plan défini par la partie centrale (2, 2'), et dans laquelle les plans définis par les éléments en forme de plaque (13, 13') n'empêchent pas la transmission de chaleur rayonnante.
  7. Cheminée selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de régulation thermique (4, 4') se composent d'une jalousie (4), dont les lamelles (13) forment lesdits éléments en forme de plaque.
  8. Cheminée selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de régulation thermique se composent d'une jalousie à lamelles verticales (4'), dont les lamelles (13') forment lesdits éléments en forme de plaque.
  9. Cheminée selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 8, caractérisée en ce que les éléments en forme de plaque (13, 13') sont constitués d'un matériau thermo-isolant qui reflète le rayonnement thermique.
  10. Cheminée selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de régulation thermique (4, 4') se composent d'une jalousie à enroulement.
  11. Cheminée selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de régulation thermique (4, 4') s'étendent entre le bas du foyer (3) de la cheminée et le sommet du foyer (3).
  12. Cheminée selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de régulation thermique (4, 4') s'étendent entre le foyer (3) et la plaque de regard.
  13. Cheminée selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de régulation thermique (4) sont agencés sur toutes les parois principales de la cheminée.
  14. Cheminée selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un actionneur (15') réagissant aux changements de température, qui est agencé afin de changer automatiquement la position des moyens de régulation thermique (4, 4') dans ledit espace.
  15. Cheminée selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de régulation thermique (4, 4') comprennent une surface en verre.
  16. Cheminée selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de régulation thermique (4, 4') se composent d'un matériau possédant une propriété de transmission d'un rayonnement thermique en fonction de la température.
EP04101443A 2003-04-11 2004-04-07 Cheminée Expired - Lifetime EP1467152B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20030555A FI114238B (fi) 2003-04-11 2003-04-11 Tulisija
FI20030555 2003-04-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1467152A1 EP1467152A1 (fr) 2004-10-13
EP1467152B1 true EP1467152B1 (fr) 2006-07-05

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ID=8565959

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EP04101443A Expired - Lifetime EP1467152B1 (fr) 2003-04-11 2004-04-07 Cheminée

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EP (1) EP1467152B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE332480T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE602004001412T2 (fr)
FI (1) FI114238B (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3011621B1 (fr) * 2013-10-04 2018-04-06 Helene Marchand Dispositif de regulation de la chaleur emise par un appareil de chauffage

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4455995A (en) * 1980-08-26 1984-06-26 Homolik Matthew W Heating stove with heat regulating system
US4519377A (en) * 1984-06-01 1985-05-28 Taylor Thomas E Fireplace heat transfer apparatus
DE29710632U1 (de) * 1997-06-18 1997-08-14 Schamel, Werner, Dipl.-Ing., 95466 Weidenberg Speicherkachelofen mit Wärmespeichermasse aus losen, handlichen Einzelelementen

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EP1467152A1 (fr) 2004-10-13
FI20030555A0 (fi) 2003-04-11
FI114238B (fi) 2004-09-15
ATE332480T1 (de) 2006-07-15
DE602004001412D1 (de) 2006-08-17
DE602004001412T2 (de) 2007-02-08

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