EP1450437A1 - Integrierbare ringförmige Antenne - Google Patents

Integrierbare ringförmige Antenne Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1450437A1
EP1450437A1 EP03405120A EP03405120A EP1450437A1 EP 1450437 A1 EP1450437 A1 EP 1450437A1 EP 03405120 A EP03405120 A EP 03405120A EP 03405120 A EP03405120 A EP 03405120A EP 1450437 A1 EP1450437 A1 EP 1450437A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
plates
ring
radiating
ground plane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03405120A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Marc Secall
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ascom Systec AG
Original Assignee
Ascom Systec AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ascom Systec AG filed Critical Ascom Systec AG
Priority to EP03405120A priority Critical patent/EP1450437A1/de
Publication of EP1450437A1 publication Critical patent/EP1450437A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ring shaped antenna based on a number of independent radiating elements.
  • Typical embedded antennas used in modem communication systems are built of contiguous, closed structures. In their most simple form, these can be e. g. rectangular, triangular or circular shapes. They usually have to be placed in a dedicated space on the PCB reserved exclusively for their placement No components can be placed underneath, on top or close-by the antenna.
  • the present invention solves these and other problems by providing an antenna design that can be implemented as a ring-shaped structure. It is possible to place components inside this ring.
  • the antenna does not necessarily have to be a circular ring. Elliptical, oval or rectangular shapes are also possible among many others.
  • the antenna itself is built out of a number of independent plates, that can be fed with the same signal, but using different amplitudes and phase relations. By doing this, the polarisation and the radiation pattern can be adapted.
  • the main field of application for the here-described ring-shaped embedded antenna are miniature communication devices, where a small form factor and the possibility of integrating a high amount of components is of paramount importance. This is e. g. the case for miniaturised GPS receivers, pagers, cellular phones or other appliances that are built-into small housings like e. g. a wrist-watch or a key ring among many others.
  • the minimum frequency of operation of this antenna should be in the area of at least two hundred Megahertz. Otherwise, the antenna will have too large dimensions that in some cases might not be applicable.
  • the ring-shaped antenna is best implemented as an embedded antenna. It consists of a minimum of two radiating plates, as shown in Figure 1, which are placed above a conducting ground plane and connected on one side to the latter. The maximum amount of such plates only limited by space requirements. Though increasing the number of plates above a certain amount might no longer increase the performance of the antenna in terms of gain or radiation pattern.
  • the plates have a non-radiating and a radiating edge.
  • the former is related to the side where the plate joins the ground plane.
  • the latter is opposite to the non-radiating edge and is related to the open side of the plate.
  • the simplest is to use a galvanic coupling, which is implemented as a probe connected to a certain point of the antenna. The location of this probe defines the impedance of the port. Low impedance can be achieved by placing the probe close to the connection to ground. High impedance is achieved increasing the separation between the ground connection and the probe.
  • a second feeding technique uses slot coupling, as shown in Figure 2. Slots are introduced at certain locations underneath the plates to couple the signal distributed by the feeding network to the plates.
  • the radiating plates are placed in a ring-shaped configuration.
  • the ring does not necessarily have to be circular. Elliptical, oval or even rectangular configurations among many others are possible, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the plates should be adapted to this geometry. I. e., for a circular ring the plates would be segments of a ring (arcs). For other ring shapes the plates would have to be adapted accordingly
  • the shape of the ground plane should be adapted to the antenna's shape, e. g. a circular ring.
  • the width of the ground plane should be similar to that of the plates. A slightly larger size will lead to a higher degree of focussing of the main radiation beam.
  • the centre of the ring can be used for placement of components of the communication device, i. e. it would encircle them.
  • the ground plane does not necessarily have to be ring-shaped. It is also possible to use - among others - a circular geometry. But the latter will lead to a less efficient use of space, as this configuration does not allow placing components in the centre of the antenna.
  • the separation between the radiating plates and the ground plane has mainly an impact on the bandwidth of the antenna. Generally, a larger separation yields a larger bandwidth. A separation of less than a tenth of the free-space wavelength at resonance should be observed. Otherwise higher order propagation modes will be excited which deteriorate radiation pattern and decrease antenna efficiency. It is also possible to place a dielectric between the plates and the ground plane. In this case the free-space wavelength does not apply any more. However, the wavelength in this medium should be used.
  • the plates At resonance, the plates have a length slightly smaller than a quarter wavelength.
  • the width of the plates should be only a fraction of the length. If a dielectric is to be used, the size is to be scaled accordingly.
  • the plates For ring-shaped antennas that are relative small compared to the wavelength, the plates have to overlap each other, as shown in Figure 4. In this case, nearby plates are placed on opposite sides of the ground plane. An even number of plates results in an adequate implementation.
  • the feeding network is responsible for supplying an adequate signal to each plate. Changing the phase and amplitude controls the radiation pattern and polarisation of the antenna. For a linear polarised antenna, arbitrary combinations between phase and amplitude can be chosen, whereas for the case of circular polarisation the antenna elements should be fed in pairs with the same amplitude and a phase difference of 90°. The latter case requires an even number of radiators. In most cases it is difficult to achieve a good cross-polarisation discrimination in all radiation directions. But the quality of the radiation should be good enough for most applications in the area of miniaturised communication devices.
  • the feeding network used to generate the phase and amplitude relations for the radiators can be realised either as a distributed circuit or with lumped elements.
  • the implementation as a distributed circuit has the advantage that it can be realised directly on or underneath the ground plane of the antenna, without having a major impact on the overall dimensions of the antenna (refer to Figure 5).
  • the distributed circuit would consist of simple power splitters (T-shaped junctions), which can be realised e. g. as microstrip or coplanar waveguide structures. More complex circuits like e. g. hybrids or Wilkinson dividers would require too much space and are therefore impractical in most cases.
  • the feeding network using lumped elements can be realised using inductors, capacitors or both.
  • the orientation and angle of the radiating edges of the plates has a significant impact both on radiation pattern and antenna polarisation. This is specially the case when circular polarisation has to be achieved. In this case it is required that an even amount of radiating plates is fed in pairs, using the same signal amplitude but a phase difference of 90° between the two elements. In addition, the modes generated by each of the plate in this configuration in pairs have to be perpendicular. This can be done by placing to radiating elements face-to-face and having their radiating edges at an angle of approximately 90° (see Figure 6)
  • the antenna can be realised as an air antenna, using no substrate between the ground plane and the radiating plates.
  • the radiating plates themselves can be stamped or punched out of a metal sheet and bent afterwards.
  • the plates do not necessarily have to be flat shapes that run parallel to the ground plane. Rounded structures are also possible.
  • Each plate will have to be soldered on top of the ground plane. This can be easily done in an automated assembly and soldering process.
  • a printed circuit board can be used for the ground plane and the feeding network.
  • the substrate for this printed circuit has to be selected carefully.
  • a high quality substrate based on e. g. PTFE or ceramic materials will yield low losses and therefore high antenna efficiency.
  • the use of inexpensive substrates as e. g. FR4 will lead to higher loss due to the inadequate loss tangent and its non-homogeneous structure.
  • Another possible embodiment is to print the radiating plates, the ground plane and the feeding network on a multi-layer substrate. Using such a substrate for the antenna will yield a reduced size that will have to be traded for reduced radiation efficiency. Generally speaking, a lower dielectric constant leads to a higher efficiency and electrical bandwidth. As already mentioned before, care will have to be taken when selecting a certain type of substrate.
  • a very space efficient implementation of the antenna is to realise the radiating plates as a metallisation on the case or housing of the communication system. This is only possible the shape of the case is suitable.
  • the ground plane and the feeding network can be realised using a printed circuit as described before.
  • the connection between the case and the housing can be done using a spring contact
EP03405120A 2003-02-24 2003-02-24 Integrierbare ringförmige Antenne Withdrawn EP1450437A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03405120A EP1450437A1 (de) 2003-02-24 2003-02-24 Integrierbare ringförmige Antenne

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03405120A EP1450437A1 (de) 2003-02-24 2003-02-24 Integrierbare ringförmige Antenne

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1450437A1 true EP1450437A1 (de) 2004-08-25

Family

ID=32731638

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03405120A Withdrawn EP1450437A1 (de) 2003-02-24 2003-02-24 Integrierbare ringförmige Antenne

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1450437A1 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI393889B (de) * 2010-01-08 2013-04-21
US9196952B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-11-24 Qualcomm Incorporated Multipurpose antenna
CN105789822A (zh) * 2016-03-14 2016-07-20 成都天奥电子股份有限公司 一种智能手表天线及其构成的智能手表
EP2954591B1 (de) * 2013-02-08 2022-11-09 Garmin Switzerland GmbH Handgelenkgetragenes gerät mit frontblendenantennenkonfiguration

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4555708A (en) * 1984-01-10 1985-11-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Dipole ring array antenna for circularly polarized pattern
US4866451A (en) * 1984-06-25 1989-09-12 Communications Satellite Corporation Broadband circular polarization arrangement for microstrip array antenna
EP0450881A2 (de) * 1990-03-31 1991-10-09 THORN EMI Electronics Limited Mikrostreifenantennen
GB2244381A (en) * 1990-05-23 1991-11-27 Philips Electronic Associated Microstrip patch antenna
US5173711A (en) * 1989-11-27 1992-12-22 Kokusai Denshin Denwa Kabushiki Kaisha Microstrip antenna for two-frequency separate-feeding type for circularly polarized waves
US5453752A (en) * 1991-05-03 1995-09-26 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Compact broadband microstrip antenna

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4555708A (en) * 1984-01-10 1985-11-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Dipole ring array antenna for circularly polarized pattern
US4866451A (en) * 1984-06-25 1989-09-12 Communications Satellite Corporation Broadband circular polarization arrangement for microstrip array antenna
US5173711A (en) * 1989-11-27 1992-12-22 Kokusai Denshin Denwa Kabushiki Kaisha Microstrip antenna for two-frequency separate-feeding type for circularly polarized waves
EP0450881A2 (de) * 1990-03-31 1991-10-09 THORN EMI Electronics Limited Mikrostreifenantennen
GB2244381A (en) * 1990-05-23 1991-11-27 Philips Electronic Associated Microstrip patch antenna
US5453752A (en) * 1991-05-03 1995-09-26 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Compact broadband microstrip antenna

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI393889B (de) * 2010-01-08 2013-04-21
EP2954591B1 (de) * 2013-02-08 2022-11-09 Garmin Switzerland GmbH Handgelenkgetragenes gerät mit frontblendenantennenkonfiguration
US9196952B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-11-24 Qualcomm Incorporated Multipurpose antenna
CN105789822A (zh) * 2016-03-14 2016-07-20 成都天奥电子股份有限公司 一种智能手表天线及其构成的智能手表

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6549167B1 (en) Patch antenna for generating circular polarization
US20220255240A1 (en) Antenna module and electronic device
US6400332B1 (en) PCB dipole antenna
US6429819B1 (en) Dual band patch bowtie slot antenna structure
US6411261B1 (en) Artificial magnetic conductor system and method for manufacturing
CN108832288A (zh) 基于基片集成波导siw的背腔缝隙双频毫米波天线
US7847736B2 (en) Multi section meander antenna
JP4332494B2 (ja) アンテナ装置
KR101128872B1 (ko) 원편파 안테나
JP2014150526A (ja) アンテナアセンブリ及び該アンテナアセンブリを備える通信装置
US8648762B2 (en) Loop array antenna system and electronic apparatus having the same
US6342868B1 (en) Stripline PCB dipole antenna
US6697023B1 (en) Built-in multi-band mobile phone antenna with meandering conductive portions
CN101242029A (zh) 基片集成波导谐振式45度线极化天线
KR20110040393A (ko) 비아홀 구조의 피씨비 안테나
US6765537B1 (en) Dual uncoupled mode box antenna
CN100470929C (zh) 低旁瓣双频暨宽频平面型端射天线
EP1450437A1 (de) Integrierbare ringförmige Antenne
US20080024370A1 (en) Device Comprising an Antenna For Exchanging Radio Frequency Signals
CN210778967U (zh) 一种ebg结构及基于该ebg结构的毫米波微带天线
TWI517492B (zh) 天線及無線通訊裝置
CN114424406B (zh) 天线振子的馈线网络
CN215600548U (zh) 超宽带介质谐振器天线模组及电子设备
CN220774736U (zh) 天线结构及终端设备
CN214280197U (zh) 一种介质天线

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL LT LV MK RO

AKX Designation fees paid
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8566

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20050226