EP1445553B1 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1445553B1
EP1445553B1 EP20030290191 EP03290191A EP1445553B1 EP 1445553 B1 EP1445553 B1 EP 1445553B1 EP 20030290191 EP20030290191 EP 20030290191 EP 03290191 A EP03290191 A EP 03290191A EP 1445553 B1 EP1445553 B1 EP 1445553B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
exchange
heat
sub
heat according
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EP20030290191
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1445553A1 (en
Inventor
Michel Brun
Yannick Laumonnerie
Grégory Lucas
Pascal Miss
Mathieu Mougey
Christophe Schmittheisler
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Mahle Behr France Rouffach SAS
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Behr France Rouffach SAS
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Priority to EP20030290191 priority Critical patent/EP1445553B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F24H3/0435—Structures comprising heat spreading elements in the form of fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
    • F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F24H9/1872—PTC

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat exchanging device, and more particularly, to an electric heating device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such heat exchanging devices are used, for example, for heating air in automobiles.
  • Such an electric heating device for heating the air conducted into the interior of a motor vehicle has electrical heating elements and heat conductors to which the air to be heated flows past.
  • electrical heating elements ceramic heating elements with positive temperature coefficients (PTC heating elements) are preferably, but not exclusively, used.
  • heating element in the context of the present invention is understood to mean an element or a group of elements, by means of which electrical energy is converted into heat energy.
  • Such heating elements may preferably be ceramic heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient (PTC heating elements).
  • PTC heating elements positive temperature coefficient
  • other heating elements such as. As resistance heaters, plasma heaters and / or the like application.
  • the heat emitted by the heating elements is dissipated by means of heat conductors, which are designed for example in the form of corrugated fins or fins, to the air to be heated.
  • the heating elements are preferably held in a receiving device to which also control devices, such as power transistors or similar electrical switching or control elements may be attached.
  • the DE 199 25 757 A1 discloses a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the EP 0616 486 A1 discloses another electric heater.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanging device which is designed so that both the connection of the electric heating elements to the power source and the heat conduction between the PTC element and the air can be easily provided.
  • the object is achieved by a device according to claim 1.
  • An inventive device for exchanging heat in particular for a motor vehicle, has a plurality of heat exchanger assembly.
  • the heat exchanger assembly has at least one first component as an electrical heating element, which is traversed by an electric current and whose temperature is dependent on a flowing through the component Current changes, and at least a second component, which consists of two subunits as contact plates, which are connected to the opposite poles of a power source to produce a current flow through the first component.
  • At least one of the two subunits of the second component is spaced from the first component, wherein between this subunit and the first component means are provided as corrugated fins, which favor an exchange of electrical and thermal energy.
  • the first component has at least one surface on a device that promotes the exchange of electrical and thermal energy.
  • the first component may be at least partially made of a material from a group of materials, in particular plastics, which in particular PP (polypropylene) with carbon black, EVA (ethyl vinyl acetate) with carbon black, PE (polyethylene), in particular HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) or LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) or the like.
  • plastics which in particular PP (polypropylene) with carbon black, EVA (ethyl vinyl acetate) with carbon black, PE (polyethylene), in particular HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) or LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) or the like.
  • PP polypropylene
  • EVA ethyl vinyl acetate
  • PE polyethylene
  • HDPE High Density Polyethylene
  • LDPE Low Density Polyethylene
  • the surface on the first component is a layer. More preferably, the material of this layer is selected from a group of materials containing silver, aluminum, copper or the like. Preferably, the layer substantially covers the total area of a side surface of the first component.
  • a side surface of the first component is understood to mean a surface whose surface normal is substantially perpendicular to a main flow direction of the medium flowing around.
  • the main flow direction of the medium is understood to be the flow direction which the medium occupies in the immediate region before and after the device for exchanging heat.
  • the devices between the first component and the subunit of the second component are lamellas or corrugated fins which promote the heat exchange with the surrounding air.
  • These fins are preferably made of an electrically and / or thermally conductive material, such. As aluminum, aluminum alloys or a similar material.
  • the lamellae or lamellar ribs are connected to a connecting element at least with the first component or the layer.
  • This fastener is adhesive such as silicone or epoxy adhesives or similar materials.
  • the first component preferably has a heating element with a positive temperature coefficient (PTC element).
  • PTC element positive temperature coefficient
  • Particularly preferred, but not exclusive is a powder with a defined electrical resistance, for. B. Barium titanate provided.
  • the device has a receiving device, wherein the receiving device particularly preferably consists of a non-conducting material, in particular of a non-conducting plastic. More preferably, this plastic is selected from a group including PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), silicone and silicone derivatives, TPE (thermoplastic elastomers), epoxy resins, thermosets, Teflon or the like.
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PE polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • silicone and silicone derivatives silicone and silicone derivatives
  • TPE thermoplastic elastomers
  • epoxy resins thermosets
  • Teflon Teflon or the like.
  • the first component consists of several components.
  • constituent is preferred here, but not exclusively, to understand a layer.
  • one of these components or one of these layers may be a substrate on which one or more layers are arranged.
  • One of these layers may be a PTC layering;
  • Another layer may be a layer of electrically conductive material.
  • the thickness of the PTC layering is in the range of 1 ⁇ m to 10 mm, between 5 ⁇ m and 5 mm, and particularly preferably between 10 ⁇ m and 2 mm.
  • the Curie temperature of the PTC layer is preferably between 60 ° C and 250 ° C, more preferably between 90 ° C and 190 ° C and more preferably between 120 ° C and 160 ° C. Curie temperature is the temperature above which ferromagnetic substances are paramagnetized.
  • the invention is further directed to a device for exchanging heat, in particular an air conditioning system for a motor vehicle, which in at least one flow channel of the air conditioner has at least one device for exchanging heat of the type described above.
  • multi-flow flow channels in addition to a single-flow channel, in particular multi-flow flow channels can be used.
  • the different air flows of the multi-flow flow channel can be heated in different and independent ways.
  • Particularly preferred compounds for at least two components are provided, which consist of a group of materials, which in particular contains adhesive, solder and the like.
  • the electrical connection between at least one of the subunits of the second components and the power source may be interrupted and restored independently of the connection between the remaining subunits and the power source.
  • the flow of current through individual first components can be switched on and off separately, whereby a control of the heating power of the device for exchanging heat controlled, in particular the heating power can be regulated.
  • the interruption and / or the restoration of the electrical connection between at least one of the subunits and the power source by mechanical switching devices, in particular switches or relays.
  • the individual components may be structured, wherein z.
  • structuring by etching, embossing, sand irradiation or erosion comes into consideration. In this way, the contact area can be increased.
  • the surfaces of the respective components are not are smooth but have grooves, depressions, patterns or the like.
  • the heating elements are preferably not arranged perpendicular to the main flow direction of the air, but at a predetermined angle with respect to the same.
  • the predetermined angle is in its amount between 0 ° and 90 °, preferably between 0 ° and 45 ° and particularly preferably between 0 ° and 30 °.
  • the heating element has a preferred plastic whose specific resistance is between 1 and 300 ohm.cm, preferably between 100 to 200 ohm.cm and more preferably between 150 and 170 ohm.cm.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device for exchanging heat according to the present invention.
  • the reference numeral 1 refers to a substantially rectangular heating block, which has a rectangular frame with four frame legs 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d.
  • the length I of the heat exchanger assembly is between 100 mm and 300 mm, preferably between 150 mm and 250 mm and particularly preferably between 190 mm and 220 mm.
  • the width b of the heat exchanger assembly is between 30 and 170 mm, preferably between 70 and 130 mm and particularly preferably between 90 and 110 mm.
  • the depth of the frame 2 is between 10 mm and 30 mm, preferably between 15 and 25 mm and particularly preferably between 18 and 22 mm.
  • the height of the receiving device is between 10 mm and 40 mm, preferably between 15 mm and 35 mm and particularly preferably between 20 and 30 mm.
  • this heating block 1 a plurality of heat exchanger assemblies are arranged. These heat exchanger assemblies have electrical heating elements as the first component, preferably strip-shaped PTC heating elements 3.
  • the term "strip-shaped” is understood to mean that these elements extend essentially in a longitudinal direction and in a transverse direction perpendicular to the latter, wherein the extent in the longitudinal direction is greater than the extension in the transverse direction.
  • the extension in a third direction, which is perpendicular to the first two directions, is substantially less than the extension in the first two orientations.
  • the transverse direction is also referred to as the broadside of the element.
  • Reference numeral 8 denotes a corrugated fin disposed within the heat exchanger assembly. Further, contact plates 5 are provided.
  • contacts are connected to different poles of a voltage source, which is indicated by the plus / minus signs. It should be noted that only one contact plate is arranged directly adjacent to each heating element. Under immediately adjacent is understood that the spatial distance between the heating element and the contact plate is substantially less than the thickness of the heating element.
  • Fig. 2 a detail view of the heat exchanger assemblies is shown.
  • the reference numeral 5 again refers to a contact plate, wherein a plurality of these contact plates 5 are present, which are connected alternately with the different poles of a voltage source.
  • Reference numeral 8 denotes corrugated fins arranged between the heat exchanger assemblies.
  • the reference numeral 3 denotes a heating element, which is preferably designed as a PTC element. As can be seen from the drawing, no further contact plate are required in addition to the contact plates shown here. The current flow therefore occurs between a contact plate labeled minus and a plus.
  • Fig. 3 is a detail view of the assembly Fig. 2 shown.
  • Reference numeral 8 refers to corrugated fins disposed within the assembly.
  • the reference numeral 14 refers to a connecting member for connecting the corrugated fins 8 to the heating element 3.
  • This connecting element is an adhesive.
  • adhesives for example, insulating or conductive adhesives, for.
  • silicone or epoxy resins use.
  • solders are also considered as connecting element.
  • the heating element has a substrate lamella 13 on which at least two layers 15 and 16 are provided.
  • Reference numeral 16 denotes a PTC layering, as for example in PCT application WO018926 is disclosed.
  • the density of this layering is between 1 .mu.m and 10 mm, preferably between 5 ⁇ m and 5 mm, and more preferably between 10 ⁇ m and 2 mm.
  • the stratification may consist of a powder of defined electrical resistance, preferably, but not exclusively, barium titanate.
  • the reference numeral 15 denotes a further layering. This further layering may be, preferably, but not exclusively, a silver or copper layer which serves to ensure a substantially constant resistance in the region of the layer 16.
  • the substrate 13 is preferably electrically and / or thermally conductive and preferably comprises copper or aluminum.
  • the surface of the substrate or one of the other layers may be patterned to provide better contact or bonding with the other layers.
  • the connecting element 14 is preferably temperature-resistant in a range of -40 to + 180 degrees Celsius.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Austausch von Wärme und insbesondere eine elektrische Heizvorrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1. Derartige Vorrichtungen zum Austausch von Wärme werden beispielsweise zum Beheizen von Luft in Kraftfahrzeugen verwendet.The present invention relates to a heat exchanging device, and more particularly, to an electric heating device according to the preamble of claim 1. Such heat exchanging devices are used, for example, for heating air in automobiles.

Die vorliegende Erfindung wird nachfolgend am Beispiel einer elektrischen Heizvorrichtung zum Beheizen des Innenraums eines Kraftfahrzeuges beschrieben. Es sei jedoch darauf hingewiesen, dass die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung auch für andere Anwendungszwecke geeignet ist.The present invention will be described below using the example of an electric heater for heating the interior of a motor vehicle. It should be noted, however, that the device according to the invention is also suitable for other applications.

Eine solche elektrische Heizvorrichtung zum Beheizen der in den Innenraum eines Kraftfahrzeuges geleiteten Luft weist elektrische Heizelemente und Wärmeleiter auf, an weichen die zu erwärmende Luft vorbeiströmt. Als elektrische Heizelemente werden vorzugsweise, aber nicht ausschliesslich, keramische Heizelemente mit positiven Temperaturkoeffizienten (PTC-Heizelemente) verwendet.Such an electric heating device for heating the air conducted into the interior of a motor vehicle has electrical heating elements and heat conductors to which the air to be heated flows past. As electrical heating elements, ceramic heating elements with positive temperature coefficients (PTC heating elements) are preferably, but not exclusively, used.

Unter dem Begriff "Heizelement" im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung wird ein Element oder eine Gruppe von Elementen verstanden, durch welche elektrische Energie in Wärmeenergie umgewandelt wird. Derartige Heizelemente können vorzugsweise keramische Heizelemente mit positivem Temperaturkoeffizienten (PTC-Heizelemente) sein. Es können jedoch auch andere Heizelemente, wie z. B. Widerstandsheizelemente, Plasmaheizelemente und/oder dergleichen Anwendung finden.The term "heating element" in the context of the present invention is understood to mean an element or a group of elements, by means of which electrical energy is converted into heat energy. Such heating elements may preferably be ceramic heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient (PTC heating elements). However, other heating elements, such as. As resistance heaters, plasma heaters and / or the like application.

Die von den Heizelementen abgegebene Wärme wird mittels Wärmeleitern, welche beispielsweise in Form von Wellrippen oder Lamellen ausgeführt sind, an die zu erwärmende Luft abgeführt.The heat emitted by the heating elements is dissipated by means of heat conductors, which are designed for example in the form of corrugated fins or fins, to the air to be heated.

Ferner ist es bekannt, die elektrische Verbindung der PTC-Elemente mit der jeweiligen Stromquelle durch Verwendung von Kontaktblechen zu erreichen. Die Heizelemente werden vorzugsweise in einer Aufnahmeeinrichtung gehalten, an welcher auch Steuereinrichtungen, beispielsweise Leistungstransistoren oder ähnliche elektrische Schalt- bzw. Steuerelementen, angebracht sein können.Furthermore, it is known to achieve the electrical connection of the PTC elements with the respective power source by using contact plates. The heating elements are preferably held in a receiving device to which also control devices, such as power transistors or similar electrical switching or control elements may be attached.

Die DE 199 25 757 A1 offenbart eine Vorrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1. Die EP 0616 486 A1 offenbart eine weitere elektrische Heizvorrichtung.The DE 199 25 757 A1 discloses a device according to the preamble of claim 1. The EP 0616 486 A1 discloses another electric heater.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Bereitstellung einer Vorrichtung zum Austauschen von Wärme, die so gestaltet ist, dass sowohl die Verbindung der elektrischen Heizelemente mit der Spannungsquelle als auch die Wärmeleitung zwischen dem PTC-Element und der Luft in einfacher Weise bereitgestellt werden kann.The object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanging device which is designed so that both the connection of the electric heating elements to the power source and the heat conduction between the PTC element and the air can be easily provided.

Die Aufgabe wird durch eine Vorrichtung gemäss Anspruch 1 gelöst.The object is achieved by a device according to claim 1.

Eine erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung zum Austausch von Wärme, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, weist mehrere Wärmetauscherbaugruppe auf. Die Wärmetauscherbaugruppe weisen wenigstens eine erste Komponente als elektrisches Heizelement auf, welche von einem elektrischen Strom durchflossen wird und deren Temperatur sich in Abhängigkeit eines durch die Komponente fliessenden Stromes ändert, sowie wenigstens eine zweite Komponente, welche aus zwei Teileinheiten als Kontaktbleche besteht, die mit den entgegengesetzten Polen einer Stromquelle verbunden sind, um einen Stromfluss durch die erste Komponente zu erzeugen.An inventive device for exchanging heat, in particular for a motor vehicle, has a plurality of heat exchanger assembly. The heat exchanger assembly has at least one first component as an electrical heating element, which is traversed by an electric current and whose temperature is dependent on a flowing through the component Current changes, and at least a second component, which consists of two subunits as contact plates, which are connected to the opposite poles of a power source to produce a current flow through the first component.

Dabei ist wenigstens eine der zwei Teileinheiten der zweiten Komponente von der ersten Komponente beabstandet, wobei zwischen dieser Teileinheit und der ersten Komponente Einrichtungen als Wellrippen vorgesehen sind, welche einen Austausch von elektrischer und thermischer Energie begünstigen. Die erste Komponente weist an wenigstens einer Oberfläche eine Einrichtung auf, die den Austausch von elektrischer und thermischer Energie fördert.In this case, at least one of the two subunits of the second component is spaced from the first component, wherein between this subunit and the first component means are provided as corrugated fins, which favor an exchange of electrical and thermal energy. The first component has at least one surface on a device that promotes the exchange of electrical and thermal energy.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung zum Austausch von Wärme sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Preferred embodiments of the inventive device for the exchange of heat are the subject of the dependent claims.

Die erste Komponente kann wenigstens teilweise aus einem Material aus einer Gruppe von Materialien, insbesondere Kunststoffen hergestellt, welche insbesondere PP (Polypropylen) mit Ruß, EVA (Ethyl Vinyl Acetat) mit Ruß, PE (Polyethylen), insbesondre HDPE (High Density Polyethylen) oder LDPE (Low Density Polyethylen) oder dergleichen enthält. In einer bevorzugten Ausführunsform können auch Mischungen aus verschiedenen Polyolefinen verwendet werden.The first component may be at least partially made of a material from a group of materials, in particular plastics, which in particular PP (polypropylene) with carbon black, EVA (ethyl vinyl acetate) with carbon black, PE (polyethylene), in particular HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) or LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) or the like. In a preferred embodiment, mixtures of different polyolefins may also be used.

Erfindungsgemäß handelt es sich bei der Oberfläche auf der ersten Komponente um eine Schicht. Besonders bevorzugt ist das Material dieser Schicht aus einer Gruppe von Materialien ausgewählt, welche Silber, Aluminium, Kupfer oder dergleichen enthält. Bevorzugt bedeckt die Schicht im wesentlichen die Gesamtfläche einer Seitenfläche der ersten Komponente. Als Seitenfläche der ersten Komponente wird dabei eine Fläche verstanden, deren Flächennormale im wesentlichen senkrecht zu einer Hauptströmungsrichtung des umströmenden Mediums steht.According to the invention, the surface on the first component is a layer. More preferably, the material of this layer is selected from a group of materials containing silver, aluminum, copper or the like. Preferably, the layer substantially covers the total area of a side surface of the first component. A side surface of the first component is understood to mean a surface whose surface normal is substantially perpendicular to a main flow direction of the medium flowing around.

Unter der Hauptströmungsrichtung des Mediums wird dabei die Strömungsrichtung verstanden, die das Medium im unmittelbaren Bereich vor und nach der Vorrichtung zum Austausch von Wärme einnimmt.The main flow direction of the medium is understood to be the flow direction which the medium occupies in the immediate region before and after the device for exchanging heat.

Erfindungsgemäß handelt es sich bei den Einrichtungen zwischen der ersten Komponente und der Teileinheit der zweiten Komponente um Lamellen bzw. Wellrippen, die den Wärmeaustausch mit der umgebenden Luft fördern. Diese Lamellen sind bevorzugt aus einem elektrisch und/oder thermisch leitenden Material, wie z. B. Aluminium, Aluminiumlegierungen oder einem ähnlichen Material, hergestellt.According to the invention, the devices between the first component and the subunit of the second component are lamellas or corrugated fins which promote the heat exchange with the surrounding air. These fins are preferably made of an electrically and / or thermally conductive material, such. As aluminum, aluminum alloys or a similar material.

Erfindungsgemäß sind die Lamellen oder Lamellrippen mit einem Verbindungselement wenigstens mit der ersten Komponente oder der Schicht verbunden. Bei diesem Verbindungselement handelt es sich um Klebstoff wie Silicon oder Epoxydklebstoffe oder ähnliche Materialien.According to the invention, the lamellae or lamellar ribs are connected to a connecting element at least with the first component or the layer. This fastener is adhesive such as silicone or epoxy adhesives or similar materials.

Bevorzugt weist die erste Komponente ein Heizelement mit positivem Temperaturkoeffizienten (PTC-Element) auf. Besonders bevorzugt, aber nicht ausschliesslich ist dabei ein Pulver mit definiertem elektrischen Widerstand, z. B. Bariumtitanat vorgesehen.The first component preferably has a heating element with a positive temperature coefficient (PTC element). Particularly preferred, but not exclusive is a powder with a defined electrical resistance, for. B. Barium titanate provided.

Vorzugsweise weist die Vorrichtung eine Aufnahmeeinrichtung auf, wobei besonders bevorzugt die Aufnahmeeinrichtung aus einem nicht stromleitenden Material, insbesondere aus einem nicht stromleitenden Kunststoff, besteht. Besonders bevorzugt ist dieser Kunststoff aus einer Gruppe ausgewählt, weiche PVC (Polyvinylchlorid), PE (Polyethylen), PP (Polypropylen), Silikon- und Silikonderivate, TPE (thermoplastische Elastomere), Epoxydharze, Duroplaste, Teflon oder dergleichen enthält.Preferably, the device has a receiving device, wherein the receiving device particularly preferably consists of a non-conducting material, in particular of a non-conducting plastic. More preferably, this plastic is selected from a group including PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), silicone and silicone derivatives, TPE (thermoplastic elastomers), epoxy resins, thermosets, Teflon or the like.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform besteht die erste Komponente aus mehreren Bestandteilen. Unter Bestandteil ist hier bevorzugt, aber nicht ausschliesslich, eine Schicht zu verstehen. Dabei kann eines dieser Bestandteile bzw. eine dieser Schichten ein Substrat sein, auf welchem eine oder mehrere Schichtungen angeordnet sind. Eine dieser Schichtungen kann dabei eine PTC-Schichtung sein; eine weitere Schichtung kann eine Schicht aus elektrisch leitfähigem Werkstoff sein. Besonders bevorzugt liegt die Dicke der PTC-Schichtung im Bereich von 1 µm bis 10 mm, zwischen 5 µm und 5 mm und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 10 µm und 2 mm. Die Curie-Temperatur der PTC-Schicht liegt bevorzugt zwischen 60 °C und 250 °C, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 90 °C und 190 °C und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 120 °C und 160 °C. Unter Curie-Temperatur wird die Temperatur verstanden, oberhalb welcher ferromagnetische Stoffe paramagnetisiert werden.In a preferred embodiment, the first component consists of several components. By constituent is preferred here, but not exclusively, to understand a layer. In this case, one of these components or one of these layers may be a substrate on which one or more layers are arranged. One of these layers may be a PTC layering; Another layer may be a layer of electrically conductive material. Particularly preferably, the thickness of the PTC layering is in the range of 1 μm to 10 mm, between 5 μm and 5 mm, and particularly preferably between 10 μm and 2 mm. The Curie temperature of the PTC layer is preferably between 60 ° C and 250 ° C, more preferably between 90 ° C and 190 ° C and more preferably between 120 ° C and 160 ° C. Curie temperature is the temperature above which ferromagnetic substances are paramagnetized.

Die Erfindung ist weiterhin auf eine Einrichtung zum Austausch von Wärme, insbesondere eine Klimaanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug, gerichtet, welche in wenigstens einem Strömungskanal der Klimaanlage wenigstens eine Vorrichtung zum Austausch von Wärme der oben beschriebenen Art aufweist.The invention is further directed to a device for exchanging heat, in particular an air conditioning system for a motor vehicle, which in at least one flow channel of the air conditioner has at least one device for exchanging heat of the type described above.

In einer weiteren Anwendung können neben einem einflutigen Strömungskanal insbesondere auch mehrflutige Strömungskanäle verwendet werden können. Hierbei können in einer Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung die unterschiedlichen Luftströme des mehrflutigen Strömungskanals auf unterschiedliche und unabhängige Art und Weise beheizt werden.In another application, in addition to a single-flow channel, in particular multi-flow flow channels can be used. Here, in a further development of the device according to the invention, the different air flows of the multi-flow flow channel can be heated in different and independent ways.

Besonders bevorzugt sind für wenigstens zwei Komponenten Verbindungen vorgesehen, welche aus einer Gruppe von Materialien bestehen, welche insbesondere Klebstoff, Lot und dergleichen enthält.Particularly preferred compounds for at least two components are provided, which consist of a group of materials, which in particular contains adhesive, solder and the like.

In einer weiteren Anwendung kann die elektrische Verbindung zwischen wenigstens einer der Teileinheiten der zweiten Komponenten und der Stromquelle unabhängig von der Verbindung zwischen den übrigen Teileinheiten und der Stromquelle unterbrochen und wiederhergestellt werden. Auf diese Weise kann der Stromfluss durch einzelne erste Komponenten separat zu- bzw. abgeschaltet werden, wodurch eine Steuerung der Heizleistung der Vorrichtung zum Austausch von Wärme gesteuert, insbesondere die Heizleistung reguliert werden kann.In another application, the electrical connection between at least one of the subunits of the second components and the power source may be interrupted and restored independently of the connection between the remaining subunits and the power source. In this way, the flow of current through individual first components can be switched on and off separately, whereby a control of the heating power of the device for exchanging heat controlled, in particular the heating power can be regulated.

Bevorzugt erfolgt die Unterbrechung und/oder die Wiederherstellung der elektrischen Verbindung zwischen wenigstens einer der Teileinheiten und der Stromquelle durch mechanische Schalteinrichtungen, insbesondere Schalter oder Relais.Preferably, the interruption and / or the restoration of the electrical connection between at least one of the subunits and the power source by mechanical switching devices, in particular switches or relays.

In einer weiteren Anwendung können die einzelne Komponenten strukturiert sein, wobei z. B. eine Strukturierung durch Ätzen, Prägen, Sandbestrahlung oder Erosion in Betracht kommt. Auf diese Weise kann die Kontaktfläche erhöht werden. Dabei wird unter Strukturierung verstanden, dass die Oberflächen der betreffenden Komponenten nicht glatt sind, sondern Rillen, Einsenkungen, Muster oder dergleichen aufweisen.In a further application, the individual components may be structured, wherein z. As structuring by etching, embossing, sand irradiation or erosion comes into consideration. In this way, the contact area can be increased. Under structuring is understood that the surfaces of the respective components are not are smooth but have grooves, depressions, patterns or the like.

Die Heizelemente sind bevorzugt nicht senkrecht zur Hauptströmungsrichtung der Luft angeordnet, sondern in einem vorgegebenen Winkel bezüglich derselben.The heating elements are preferably not arranged perpendicular to the main flow direction of the air, but at a predetermined angle with respect to the same.

Definitionsgemäss liegt ein Winkel von 0° vor, wenn die Breitseite der Heizelemente parallel zur Strömungsrichtung des um- und/oder durchströmenden Mediums steht. Der vorgegebene Winkel liegt seinem Betrag nach zwischen 0° und 90°, bevorzugt zwischen 0° und 45° und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 0° und 30°.By definition, there is an angle of 0 ° when the broad side of the heating elements is parallel to the flow direction of the flowing and / or flowing medium. The predetermined angle is in its amount between 0 ° and 90 °, preferably between 0 ° and 45 ° and particularly preferably between 0 ° and 30 °.

Gemäss einer weiteren Anwendung weist das Heizelement einen bevorzugten Kunststoff auf, dessen spezifischer Widerstand zwischen 1 und 300 Ohm*cm, bevorzugt zwischen 100 bis 200 Ohm*cm und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 150 und 170 Ohm*cm liegt.According to a further application, the heating element has a preferred plastic whose specific resistance is between 1 and 300 ohm.cm, preferably between 100 to 200 ohm.cm and more preferably between 150 and 170 ohm.cm.

Weitere Merkmale der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung in Verbindung mit den Figuren und den Ansprüchen.Further features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the figures and the claims.

Dabei zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung zum Austausch von Wärme
Fig. 2
eine schematische Ansicht mehrerer erfindungsgemässer Wärmetauscherbaugruppen;
Fig. 3
eine Detailansicht einer Wärmetauscherbaugruppe aus Fig. 2.
Showing:
Fig. 1
a schematic view of an inventive device for the exchange of heat
Fig. 2
a schematic view of a plurality of inventive heat exchanger assemblies;
Fig. 3
a detailed view of a heat exchanger assembly from Fig. 2 ,

Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Vorrichtung zum Austausch von Wärme gemäss der vorliegenden Erfindung. Das Bezugszeichen 1 bezieht sich auf einen im wesentlichen rechteckförmigen Heizblock, welcher einen rechteckigen Rahmen mit vier Rahmenschenkeln 6a, 6b, 6c und 6d aufweist. Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device for exchanging heat according to the present invention. The reference numeral 1 refers to a substantially rectangular heating block, which has a rectangular frame with four frame legs 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d.

Die Länge I der Wärmetauscherbaugruppe liegt zwischen 100 mm und 300 mm, bevorzugt zwischen 150 mm und 250 mm und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 190 mm und 220 mm.The length I of the heat exchanger assembly is between 100 mm and 300 mm, preferably between 150 mm and 250 mm and particularly preferably between 190 mm and 220 mm.

Die Breite b der Wärmetauscherbaugruppe beträgt zwischen 30 und 170 mm, bevorzugt zwischen 70 und 130 mm und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 90 und 110 mm.The width b of the heat exchanger assembly is between 30 and 170 mm, preferably between 70 and 130 mm and particularly preferably between 90 and 110 mm.

Die Tiefe des Rahmens 2 liegt zwischen 10 mm und 30 mm, bevorzugt zwischen 15 und 25 mm und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 18 und 22 mm.The depth of the frame 2 is between 10 mm and 30 mm, preferably between 15 and 25 mm and particularly preferably between 18 and 22 mm.

Die Höhe der Aufnahmeeinrichtung liegt zwischen 10 mm und 40 mm, bevorzugt zwischen 15 mm und 35 mm und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 20 und 30 mm.The height of the receiving device is between 10 mm and 40 mm, preferably between 15 mm and 35 mm and particularly preferably between 20 and 30 mm.

In diesem Heizblock 1 sind mehrere Wärmetauscherbaugruppen angeordnet. Diese Wärmetauscherbaugruppen weisen als erste Komponente elektrische Heizelemente, vorzugsweise streifenförmige PTC-Heizelemente 3 auf. Unter streifenförmig wird dabei verstanden, dass sich diese Elemente im wesentlichen in einer Längsrichtung und einer zu dieser senkrechten Querrichtung erstrecken, wobei die Ausdehnung in Längsrichtung grösser ist als die Ausdehnung in Querrichtung. Die Ausdehnung in einer dritten Richtung, welche senkrecht zu den ersten beiden Richtungen steht, ist wesentlich geringer als die Ausdehnung in den ersten beiden Ausrichtungen. Die Querrichtung wird auch als die Breitseite des Elements bezeichnet. Das Bezugszeichen 8 kennzeichnet eine innerhalb der Wärmetauscherbaugruppe angeordnete Wellrippe. Ferner sind Kontaktbleche 5 vorgesehen. Diese Kontakte sind mit unterschiedlichen Polen einer Spannungsquelle verbunden, was durch die Plus-/Minuszeichen angedeutet ist. Es ist zu beachten, dass an jedem Heizelement jeweils nur ein Kontaktblech unmittelbar benachbart angeordnet ist. Unter unmittelbar benachbart wird dabei verstanden, dass der räumliche Abstand zwischen dem Heizelement und dem Kontaktblech wesentlich geringer ist, als die Dicke des Heizelementes.In this heating block 1 a plurality of heat exchanger assemblies are arranged. These heat exchanger assemblies have electrical heating elements as the first component, preferably strip-shaped PTC heating elements 3. The term "strip-shaped" is understood to mean that these elements extend essentially in a longitudinal direction and in a transverse direction perpendicular to the latter, wherein the extent in the longitudinal direction is greater than the extension in the transverse direction. The extension in a third direction, which is perpendicular to the first two directions, is substantially less than the extension in the first two orientations. The transverse direction is also referred to as the broadside of the element. Reference numeral 8 denotes a corrugated fin disposed within the heat exchanger assembly. Further, contact plates 5 are provided. These contacts are connected to different poles of a voltage source, which is indicated by the plus / minus signs. It should be noted that only one contact plate is arranged directly adjacent to each heating element. Under immediately adjacent is understood that the spatial distance between the heating element and the contact plate is substantially less than the thickness of the heating element.

In Fig. 2 ist eine Detailansicht der Wärmetauscherbaugruppen dargestellt. Dabei bezieht sich das Bezugszeichen 5 wieder auf ein Kontaktblech, wobei mehrere dieser Kontaktbleche 5 vorhanden sind, welche alternierend mit den unterschiedlichen Polen einer Spannungsquelle verbunden sind. Das Bezugszeichen 8 bezeichnet zwischen den Wärmetauscherbaugruppen angeordnete Wellrippen. Das Bezugszeichen 3 kennzeichnet ein Heizelement, welches bevorzugt als PTC-Element ausgeführt ist. Wie sich aus der Zeichnung ergibt, sind neben den hier dargestellten Kontaktblechen keine weiteren Kontaktblech vonnöten. Der Stromfluss tritt daher zwischen einem mit Minus und einem mit Plus bezeichneten Kontaktblech auf.In Fig. 2 a detail view of the heat exchanger assemblies is shown. In this case, the reference numeral 5 again refers to a contact plate, wherein a plurality of these contact plates 5 are present, which are connected alternately with the different poles of a voltage source. Reference numeral 8 denotes corrugated fins arranged between the heat exchanger assemblies. The reference numeral 3 denotes a heating element, which is preferably designed as a PTC element. As can be seen from the drawing, no further contact plate are required in addition to the contact plates shown here. The current flow therefore occurs between a contact plate labeled minus and a plus.

In Fig. 3 ist eine Detailansicht der Baugruppe aus Fig. 2 gezeigt. Das Bezugszeichen 8 bezieht sich auf innerhalb der Baugruppe angeordnete Wellrippen. Das Bezugszeichen 14 bezieht sich auf ein Verbindungselement, um die Wellrippen 8 mit dem Heizelement 3 zu verbinden. Dieses Verbindungselement ist ein Klebstoff. Als Klebstoffe können beispielsweise isolierende oder auch leitende Klebstoffe, z. B. Silikon oder Epoxydharze, verwenden werden. Es kommen jedoch auch Lote als Verbindungselement in Betracht.In Fig. 3 is a detail view of the assembly Fig. 2 shown. Reference numeral 8 refers to corrugated fins disposed within the assembly. The reference numeral 14 refers to a connecting member for connecting the corrugated fins 8 to the heating element 3. This connecting element is an adhesive. As adhesives, for example, insulating or conductive adhesives, for. As silicone or epoxy resins, use. However, solders are also considered as connecting element.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist das Heizelement eine Substratlamelle 13 auf, auf welcher mindestens zwei Schichtungen 15 und 16 vorgesehen sind. Das Bezugszeichen 16 kennzeichnet eine PTC-Schichtung, wie sie beispielsweise in PCT-Anmeldung WO018926 offenbart ist. Die Dichte dieser Schichtung liegt zwischen 1 µm und 10 mm, bevorzugt zwischen
5 µm und 5 mm und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 10 µm und 2 mm.In a preferred embodiment, the heating element has a substrate lamella 13 on which at least two layers 15 and 16 are provided. Reference numeral 16 denotes a PTC layering, as for example in PCT application WO018926 is disclosed. The density of this layering is between 1 .mu.m and 10 mm, preferably between
5 μm and 5 mm, and more preferably between 10 μm and 2 mm.

Die Schichtung kann beispielsweise aus einem Pulver mit definiertem elektrischem Widerstand bestehen, vorzugsweise, aber nicht ausschliesslich Bariumtitanat. Das Bezugszeichen 15 kennzeichnet eine weitere Schichtung. Bei dieser weiteren Schichtung kann es sich, vorzugsweise, aber nicht ausschliesslich, um eine Silber- oder Kupferschicht handeln, welche dazu dient, einen im wesentlichen konstanten Widerstand im Bereich der Schicht 16 zu gewährleisten. Das Substrat 13 ist vorzugsweise elektrisch und/oder thermisch leitend und weist vorzugsweise Kupfer oder Aluminium auf. Die Oberfläche des Substrates oder einer der anderen Schichten kann strukturiert sein, um einen besseren Kontakt bzw. eine bessere Verbindung mit den anderen Schichten zu gewährleisten. Das Verbindungselement 14 ist vorzugsweise temperaturbeständig in einem Bereich von - 40 bis + 180 Grad Celsius. Weiterhin ist es auch möglich, die PTC-Schichtung 16 aus mehreren unterschiedlichen Schichtungen aufzubauen.For example, the stratification may consist of a powder of defined electrical resistance, preferably, but not exclusively, barium titanate. The reference numeral 15 denotes a further layering. This further layering may be, preferably, but not exclusively, a silver or copper layer which serves to ensure a substantially constant resistance in the region of the layer 16. The substrate 13 is preferably electrically and / or thermally conductive and preferably comprises copper or aluminum. The surface of the substrate or one of the other layers may be patterned to provide better contact or bonding with the other layers. The connecting element 14 is preferably temperature-resistant in a range of -40 to + 180 degrees Celsius. Furthermore, it is also possible to construct the PTC layer 16 of several different layers.

Claims (13)

  1. Device for the exchange of heat (1), in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising:
    a plurality of heat exchanger sub-assemblies, wherein these heat exchanger sub-assemblies comprise at least one first component as an electric heating element (3), through which an electric current flows and the temperature of which changes depending on the current flowing through the component, and at least one second component, which is composed of two sub-units as contact plates (5), which are connected to the opposite poles of a power sources so as to generate a flow of current through the first component, characterized in that at least one of the two sub-units of the second component is arranged at a distance from the first component, and devices are provided as corrugated fins (8) between this sub-unit and the first component, which promote an exchange of electric and thermal energy, and at least one surface of the first component comprises a device that promotes the exchange of electric and/or thermal energy, wherein only one contact plate is arranged on each heating element in a directly adjacent manner, wherein directly adjacent shall mean that the distance between the heating element and the contact plate is considerably less than the thickness of the heating element, and wherein the device on the surface of the first component (3) is a layer, and wherein the devices between the first component (3) and the sub-unit of the second component (5) are corrugated fins (8), which promote the exchange of heat with the medium flowing around, preferably air, and the device (8) promoting the exchange of electric and thermal energy between a sub-unit of the second component (5) and the first component (3) is connected to the first component by way of an adhesive.
  2. Device for the exchange of heat according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the layer is selected from a group of materials that includes silver, aluminum, copper, alloys thereof, multicomponent materials or the like.
  3. Device for the exchange of heat according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the layer comprises at least two sub-layers made of differing materials.
  4. Device for the exchange of heat according to at least one of the preceding claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the layer essentially covers the entire surface of the lateral face of the first component.
  5. Device for the exchange of heat according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first component (3) comprises at least one positive temperature coefficient heating element (PTC element).
  6. Device for the exchange of heat according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first component (3) is composed of several constituents, in particular layers.
  7. Device for the exchange of heat according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first component (3) comprises a substrate on which at least two layers are arranged.
  8. Device for the exchange of heat according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one component (3, 5) is structured on at least one surface.
  9. Device for the exchange of heat according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat exchanger is arranged in a receiving device.
  10. Device for the exchange of heat according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the receiving device is made at least of a non-current-conducting material, in particular a non-current-conducting plastic material or plastic composite.
  11. Device for the exchange of heat according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that devices are provided, which brace the first component (3) and the devices located between a sub-unit of the second component (5) and the first component against each other.
  12. Device for the exchange of heat according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that essentially non-positive connections between the individual components are achieved by way of mechanical bracing.
  13. Device for the exchange of heat system or an air conditioning system for a motor vehicle, characterized in that at least one heat exchanger according to at least one of the preceding claims is arranged in at least one flow channel of the air conditioning system.
EP20030290191 2003-01-24 2003-01-24 Heat exchanger Revoked EP1445553B1 (en)

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DE102006053525B3 (en) * 2006-11-07 2008-05-08 Evo Elektroheizungen Gmbh Electric heater for e.g. tram, has brackets comprising fixing region and holding region, and lamellas inserted into retaining recesses using plug connectors, fixed to brackets and held at retaining device
EP3310127A1 (en) 2016-10-11 2018-04-18 DBK David + Baader GmbH High voltage air heater including a control housing and method for the assembly thereof
EP3310125A1 (en) 2016-10-11 2018-04-18 DBK David + Baader GmbH High voltage air heater including lamella elements and method for the assembly thereof
EP3310126A1 (en) 2016-10-11 2018-04-18 DBK David + Baader GmbH High voltage air heater and method for the assembly of its heating elements
DE102017106711A1 (en) 2017-03-29 2018-10-04 Dbk David + Baader Gmbh High-voltage air heater and method for its production
EP3530503A1 (en) * 2018-02-26 2019-08-28 MAHLE International GmbH Electric heater
DE102018217030A1 (en) * 2018-10-04 2020-04-09 Mahle International Gmbh Electric heater

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4434613A1 (en) * 1994-09-28 1996-04-04 Behr Gmbh & Co Electric heating device, in particular for a motor vehicle
DE19925757C5 (en) * 1999-06-05 2011-02-10 Behr France Rouffach S.A.S. Heating device, in particular for a motor vehicle
IT249474Y1 (en) * 2000-02-17 2003-05-19 Eltek Spa ELECTRIC RADIATOR.

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