EP1438477B1 - Imlochbohrhammer - Google Patents

Imlochbohrhammer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1438477B1
EP1438477B1 EP02777601A EP02777601A EP1438477B1 EP 1438477 B1 EP1438477 B1 EP 1438477B1 EP 02777601 A EP02777601 A EP 02777601A EP 02777601 A EP02777601 A EP 02777601A EP 1438477 B1 EP1438477 B1 EP 1438477B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sleeve
hole drill
ribs
drill hammer
hammer according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02777601A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1438477A1 (de
Inventor
Reginald Frederick Taylor
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1438477A1 publication Critical patent/EP1438477A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1438477B1 publication Critical patent/EP1438477B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/06—Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
    • E21B4/14—Fluid operated hammers

Definitions

  • THIS invention relates to down-the-hole drills and particularly to a hammer arrangement therefor.
  • Down-the-hole (DTH) drilling is carried out with a drill-string-mounted hammer into which a bit is fitted.
  • Compressed air is fed to a drill rig and passed through a rotating head through a number of hollow drill pipes connected end to end, with the hammer being connected to the final drill pipe, hence the term downhole hammer.
  • a piston in the hammer reciprocates, striking the bit and imparting percussive energy thereto, typically at between 15 to 30 times per second.
  • a hammer of this type is disclosed in EP 0 978 625 A, while a reversable, self propelled soil penetrating machine is known from US 5 467 831 A.
  • down-the-hole drilling has been utilised for drilling holes larger than 70mm in diameter (for example, 76mm).
  • 70mm in diameter for example, 76mm
  • the power available from the hammer reduces, being related to the square of the piston diameter.
  • said at least one rib in the sleeve is formed integrally with the sleeve, with said at least one conduit comprising a bore drilled in the sleeve.
  • the sleeve and the ribs thereof may be formed by machining or extrusion.
  • the sleeve comprises an inner sleeve defining the cylinder within which the hammer is reciprocable, and an outer sleeve defining said at least one axially extending rib on the outer surface thereof, with said at least one conduit being defined between the inner and outer sleeves.
  • the inner sleeve may be formed from tubing or pipe, with the outer sleeve defining hollow axially extending ribs and being fitted about the inner sleeve.
  • the ribs may be defined by ridges or corrugations in the outer sleeve.
  • the outer sleeve defining the ribs may comprise a relatively thick-walled cylinder having axially extending slots formed in its inner surface adjacent the ribs, the inner sleeve fitting snugly within the outer sleeve to close off the slots, thereby to define the conduits.
  • the slots may be formed by machining or extrusion.
  • the drill hammer may include a shank reciprocable axially relative to the sleeve and having a first end within the sleeve engagable by the piston, and a second end extending beyond the sleeve and adapted to receive a bit.
  • the second end of the shank is preferably threaded to permit a bit to be screwed into position thereon.
  • the portion of the shank extending beyond the sleeve preferably has a diameter greater than the internal diameter of the sleeve, and preferably substantially equal to the maximum outer diameter of the sleeve.
  • one or more of the conduits in the sleeve are designed to carry a flow of fluid to the bottom of the hole being drilled, said one or more conduits extending to the lower end of the wearsleeve and being ported to the exterior of the sleeve.
  • Figure 1 shows a hammer assembly of a down-the-hole drill arrangement in longitudinal section.
  • the hammer assembly comprises a hollow, generally cylindrical wearsleeve 10 within which is mounted a generally cylindrical piston 12.
  • the piston 12 is reciprocable axially within the wearsleeve 10, and has a central axial through-bore 14.
  • the hammer assembly has a first, bottom end 16 and a second, top end 18.
  • top and bottom are used because, conventionally, down-the-hole drilling is carried out downwardly from the surface, so that the end of the hammer assembly which carries the bit will normally be lowermost. However, it should be appreciated that this is not necessarily the case.
  • a cylindrical shaft or shank 20 which is also reciprocable axially relative to the wearsleeve is provided.
  • a first end 22 of the shank 20 is received within a chuck 64 at the bottom end of the wearsleeve and engages the lower end of the piston 12 in use.
  • the shank has a second end 24 which is threaded or otherwise formed to engage a bit 26, and has an intermediate portion 28 with a diameter which is larger than the internal diameter of the wearsleeve 10, so that the bottom portion of the shank cannot retract into the wearsleeve.
  • the chuck 64 comprises a short length of pipe or tube of the same external diameter as the wearsleeve 10, which is welded to the bottom end of the wearsleeve 10 itself at 66. This is in contrast to conventional methods of threading the wearsleeve and the chuck and screwing them together, which weakens the walls of the chuck and wearsleeve in this region. This issue becomes critical with small diameter hammers, particularly those less than 40mm in diameter. (Conventionally, the backhead 36 is also screwed into place at the top end of the wearsleeve, and welding can also be used here, with similar advantages.)
  • the welding of the components may be carried out by electron beam, TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas), MIG (Metal Inert Gas) or friction welding, for example.
  • TIG Transmission Inert Gas
  • MIG Metal Inert Gas
  • friction welding for example.
  • the chuck 64 is formed with several axially extending splines 68 on its inner surface which engage complemental axial splines 70 on the outer surface of the shank 20.
  • the inner end 22 of the shank is enlarged slightly relative to the splined portion thereof, and is fitted with a retaining ring 72 which holds the shank in the wearsleeve.
  • the shank 20 also has a central, axially extending through-bore 30 aligned with the bore 14 in the piston.
  • a blower tube 32 extends from the upper end of the shank concentrically with the bores 30 and 14 and is received within the lower end of the bore 14 when the piston 12 approaches the shank 20.
  • the bit 26 has a central, axial bore 34 aligned with the bore 30 in the shank 20.
  • a backhead 36 which is connected in use to the bottom end of the lowermost drill pipe (not shown).
  • the backhead 36 defines a central, axial conduit 38 which feeds compressed air via a check valve 40 and an air distributor assembly 42 into axially extending conduits in the wearsleeve 10 (see below).
  • the respective conduits terminate in ports within the wearsleeve which are located so that the piston alternately opens and closes the respective ports as it reciprocates.
  • the operating cycle of the hammer assembly is illustrated in Figures 8a to 8d. (This aspect of the operation of the hammer assembly is generally conventional and is therefore not discussed in greater detail).
  • the wearsleeve 10 is formed by milling hollow steel bar and has five equispaced axially extending ribs 44 on its outer surface.
  • the ribs 44 define axially extending channels or valleys 46 between them through which material loosened by the bit 26 can be flushed upwardly, away from the bottom of the hole, by compressed air which is exhausted through the hole 34 in the bit.
  • the outer diameter of the wearsleeve defined by the outer surfaces of the ribs 44 corresponds to, and is slightly less than, the diameter of the hole created by the bit 26.
  • Three of the ribs 44 each have three axially extending holes 48 drilled in them to define conduits for the compressed air provided by the distributor 42, and each set of holes 48 terminates in a respective port 50 located to be exposed when the piston is either uppermost or lowermost in its cycle, as the case may be.
  • the sectional view of Figure 7 illustrates the relative arrangement of a conduit defined by the holes 48 and its respective ports 50, and a further port 62.
  • FIGs 4, 5 and 6 Alternative arrangements of the wearsleeve 10 are shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6.
  • the wearsleeve is also milled from hollow bar to define the ribs 44, but its wall thickness is generally constant.
  • An inner sleeve 52 which is relatively thin-walled is fixed in position within the outer sleeve 54, and channels or slots 56 milled into the inside of each of the ribs 44 are sealed off by the inner sleeve 52 to define the conduits.
  • the ports 50 are formed by drilling holes into the inner sleeve 52 as required, prior to insertion thereof into the outer sleeve.
  • the wearsleeve 10 comprises a relatively thick-walled inner sleeve 58 of uniform thickness, with a relatively thin-walled outer sleeve 60 fixed around it, with the ribs 44 being formed as "corrugations" of generally rectangular section in the sleeve 60 to define the conduits.
  • the outer sleeve can be formed as an extrusion, or its “corrugations” could be formed in sheet metal which is then folded and welded into a tube.
  • the ports 50 are defined by drilling or cutting apertures into the inner sleeve 58 as required.
  • Figure 6 The arrangement of Figure 6 is similar to that of Figure 5, except that both the inner sleeve 58 and the outer sleeve 60 are formed of relatively thin walled material of uniform and generally equal thickness.
  • one or more of the conduits in the wearsleeve can be designed to carry a flow of fluid, typically water, to the bottom of the hole being drilled.
  • This fluid suppresses dust from the drilling and in sufficient quantity can act as a flushing fluid to assist in carrying material loosened by the bit up the hole, in the valleys or channels between the ribs.
  • the relevant conduit(s) will not terminate in ports in the cylinder, but will extend to the lower end of the wearsleeve and be ported to the exterior of the wearsleeve.
  • the effective diameter of the hammer as a percentage of the bit diameter and thus the hole diameter is maximised.
  • Conventional thinking has been limited to making the hammer diameter a fixed percentage of the hole diameter, for example 90% in the case of large hammers of greater than 200mm diameter, and 80% to 85% of the hole diameter in relatively small hammers.
  • Preliminary tests suggest that an increase in power of between 10% and 20%, typically in the region of 18%, is available from hammers designed using the principles of the invention.
  • a further advantage of the described hammer assembly is that by providing a shank 20 which receives the bit 26 but which is a part of the hammer assembly itself and does not need to be replaced each time the bit is replaced, the size and therefore the cost of the consumable bit is substantially reduced, with a corresponding reduction in drilling costs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Dental Preparations (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Imloch-Bohrhammer mit:
    einer Hülse (10), welche einen Zylinder definiert;
    einem Kolben (12), welcher innerhalb des Zylinders bin- und herbewegbar ist und welcher ausgestaltet ist, um einen Bohrkopf (26) im Schlagbohrbetrieb zu betreiben,
    einem Schaft (20), welcher axial relativ zu der Hülse (10) hin- und herbewegbar ist und welcher ein erstes Ende (22) innerhalb der Hülse aufweist, welches von dem Kolben ergriffen werden kann, und ein zweites Ende (24), welches sich über die Hülse hinaus erstreckt und welches ausgestaltet ist, um den Bohrkopf aufzunehmen;
    wobei der Imloch-Bohrhammer dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Hülse weiterhin eine Mehrzahl von sich axial erstreckenden Rippen (44) auf ihrer äußeren Oberfläche aufweist, wobei die Rippen dazwischen liegende Passagen zum Ausspülen von ausgebohrtem Material aufweisen; und
    mindestens einem Kanal (48, 56), welcher in den Rippen der Hülse ausgebildet ist, um eine Antriebsflüssigkeit zu einer oder mehreren Öffnungen in der Hülse zu befördern, um den Kolben anzutreiben.
  2. Imloch-Bohrhammer gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei die Rippen in der Hülse einstuckig in der Hülse ausgebildet sind, wobei der mindestens eine Kanal eine in die Hülse gebohrte Bohrung umfasst.
  3. Imloch-Bohrhammer gemäß Anspruch 2, wobei die Hülse (10) und die Rippen (44) derselben durch spanabhebende Bearbeitung oder Extrusion hergestellt sind.
  4. Imloch-Bohrhammer gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei die Hülse eine innere Hülse (52) umfasst, welche den Zylinder bildet, innerhalb dessen der Hammer hin- und herbewegbar ist, und eine äußere Hülse (54), welche die sich an ihrer Außenseite axial erstreckenden Rippen definiert, wobei der mindestens eine Kanal zwischen der inneren und der äußeren Hülse ausgebildet ist.
  5. Imloch-Bohrhammer gemäß Anspruch 4, wobei die innere Hülse (52) aus einem Schlauch oder Rohr gebildet ist, wobei die äußere Hülse (54) hohle, sich axial erstreckende Rippen definiert und um die innere Hülse herum angepasst ist.
  6. Imloch-Bohrhammer gemäß Anspruch 5, wobei die Rippen (44) durch Grate oder Rillen in der äußeren Hülse definiert sind.
  7. Imloch-Bohrhammer gemäß Anspruch 6, wobei die äußere Hülse (46), welche die Rippen (44) definiert, einen vergleichsweise dickwandigen Zylinder umfasst, welcher sich axial erstreckende Schlitze (56) aufweist, die in seiner inneren Oberfläche neben den Rippen ausgebildet sind, wobei die innere Hülse eng in die äußere Hülse eingepasst ist, um die Schlitze zu verschließan, wodurch die Kanäle gebildet werden.
  8. Imloch-Bohrhammer gemäß Anspruch 7, wobei die Schlitze (56) durch spanabhebende Bearbehung oder Extrusion gebildet sind.
  9. Imloch-Bohrhammer gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei das zweite Ende (24) des Schafts ein Gewinde aufweist, um zu ermöglichen, dass ein Bohrkopf darauf angeschraubt wird.
  10. Imloch-Bohrhammer gemäß Anspruch 8, wobei der Abschnitt des Schafts (20), welcher sich über die Hülse hinaus erstreckt, einen größeren Durchmesser als den Innendurchmesser der Hülse aufweist.
  11. Imloch-Bohrhammer gemäß Anspruch 10, wobei der Abschnitt des Schafts (20), welcher sich über die Hülse hinaus erstreckt, im Wesentlichen den gleichen Durchmesser aufweist wie der maximale Außendurchmesser der Hülse.
  12. Imloch-Bohrhammer gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, wobei einer oder mehrere der Kanäle (48, 56) in der Hülse ausgebildet sind, um einen Strom einer Flüssigkeit zu dem Ende des Lochs, welches gebohrt wird, zu leiten, wobei einer oder mehrere Kanäle sich bis zum, unteren Ende der Hülse erstrecken und eine Öffnung zur Außenseite der Hülse aufweisen.
EP02777601A 2001-10-10 2002-10-10 Imlochbohrhammer Expired - Lifetime EP1438477B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA200108324 2001-10-10
ZA200108324 2001-10-10
PCT/IB2002/004154 WO2003031761A1 (en) 2001-10-10 2002-10-10 Down-the-hole drill hammer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1438477A1 EP1438477A1 (de) 2004-07-21
EP1438477B1 true EP1438477B1 (de) 2005-05-11

Family

ID=25589338

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02777601A Expired - Lifetime EP1438477B1 (de) 2001-10-10 2002-10-10 Imlochbohrhammer

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20040245021A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1438477B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE295467T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2463258A1 (de)
DE (1) DE60204160D1 (de)
WO (1) WO2003031761A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2006311987B2 (en) * 2005-11-03 2011-03-10 Rockmore International, Inc. Backhead and drill assembly with backhead
WO2011002347A1 (en) 2009-06-29 2011-01-06 Volvo Lastvagnar Ab A method and a system for assisting a driver of a vehicle during operation
KR101052211B1 (ko) * 2010-10-28 2011-07-27 임병덕 지반 굴착용 공압해머 및 그 슬리브
US8733468B2 (en) 2010-12-02 2014-05-27 Caterpillar Inc. Sleeve/liner assembly and hydraulic hammer using same

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1015798A (en) * 1909-05-06 1912-01-30 Benjamin Hastings Engine for rock-drills.
US1866335A (en) * 1931-02-24 1932-07-05 Monarch Oil Well Air Drill Co Pneumatic well drill
DE697466C (de) * 1939-04-20 1940-10-15 Walter Sandmann In das selbsterzeugte Bohrloch einschiebbarer Pressluftbohrhammer
US3131606A (en) * 1962-11-01 1964-05-05 Ingersoll Rand Co Multi-headed piston downhole drill
US5467831A (en) * 1994-08-22 1995-11-21 Spektor; Michael B. Monotube differential pneumopercussive reversible self-propelled soil penetrating machine with stabilizers
DE29813825U1 (de) * 1998-08-03 1998-10-22 Walter Hans Philipp Bohrhammer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20040245021A1 (en) 2004-12-09
DE60204160D1 (de) 2005-06-16
EP1438477A1 (de) 2004-07-21
ATE295467T1 (de) 2005-05-15
CA2463258A1 (en) 2003-04-17
WO2003031761A1 (en) 2003-04-17

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