EP1427553A2 - Method and device for producing a metal strip in a strip casting machine with rolls - Google Patents

Method and device for producing a metal strip in a strip casting machine with rolls

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Publication number
EP1427553A2
EP1427553A2 EP02779345A EP02779345A EP1427553A2 EP 1427553 A2 EP1427553 A2 EP 1427553A2 EP 02779345 A EP02779345 A EP 02779345A EP 02779345 A EP02779345 A EP 02779345A EP 1427553 A2 EP1427553 A2 EP 1427553A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
melt
casting
carrier
conductors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02779345A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1427553B1 (en
Inventor
Heinrich Marti
Jacques Barbe
Dominique SALATH
Alfred Koch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Main Management Inspiration AG
SMS Siemag AG
Original Assignee
Main Management Inspiration AG
SMS Demag AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Main Management Inspiration AG, SMS Demag AG filed Critical Main Management Inspiration AG
Publication of EP1427553A2 publication Critical patent/EP1427553A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1427553B1 publication Critical patent/EP1427553B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0622—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by two casting wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/114—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means
    • B22D11/115—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means by using magnetic fields

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a metal strip by continuously pouring molten metal between two casting rolls of a roller band casting machine and a device for performing the method.
  • the present invention is based on the object of proposing a method of the type mentioned at the outset and an apparatus for carrying out the method, by means of which the risk of the impurities and oxides being washed onto the casting roller surfaces and of premature solidification of parts of the metal melt being largely eliminated becomes. According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and by a device having the features of claim 11 or 20.
  • FIG. 1 shows two casting rolls of a roll band casting machine with a metal melt bath in between and each with a device arranged above the melt bath surface and extending along the respective casting roll for generating a surface flow in the melt;
  • the melt pool is denoted by 4 in FIG. 1 and its surface by 5.
  • the metal strip 8 that is produced is led away in the direction of arrow B through a passage gap 7 between the two cooled casting rolls 1, 2.
  • the exit plane of the metal strip 8 corresponds to the middle plane E of the melting bath 4, in which the pouring device 6 also lies.
  • devices 10, 10 'for generating magnetic rotating fields which extend along the casting rolls 1, 2, are arranged above the molten bath surface 5 near the casting roll surfaces.
  • Various exemplary embodiments of these devices are described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 9.
  • the directions of rotation of the magnetic rotating fields are designated in Fig. 1 with Fi, F 2 , whose axes of rotation with A 1; A 2 .
  • Due to the magnetic rotating fields local electrical eddy currents are generated in the electrically conductive metal melt, which exert forces on the conductive melt in such a way that surface flows occur in the melt, which flow away from the casting rolls 1, 2 to the central plane E of the melting bath 4 are (see arrows Si, S 2 ).
  • the surface currents prevent premature, unwanted solidification of parts of the melt at the transition between the casting roll surface and the molten bath surface, and on the other hand prevent the build-up of contaminants and oxides on the casting roll surfaces and their entrainment by the casting rolls 1, 2.
  • the contaminants and oxides are transported away from the casting rolls and can be removed along the pouring device 6 located in the middle plane E.
  • the casting rolls 1, 2 are generally provided with a nickel layer on their surface.
  • a nickel layer on their surface.
  • eddy currents are generated by the magnetic rotating fields, which locally lead to a slight increase in temperature, which further reduces the risk of premature solidification of the melt on the cooled roll surface.
  • FIGS. 2 to 9 Various exemplary embodiments of the devices 10, 10 ′ for generating magnetic rotating fields will now be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 2 to 9.
  • FIG. 2 shows a coil system 10'a which is arranged near the transition from the melting bath surface 5 / casting roll 2 above the melting bath 4 and extends along the casting roll 2 and which comprises a stationary coil support 15 of circular cross-section, on the circumference of which a number of conductors 16 or coils is arranged. These are switched in such a way that a multi-phase excitation by phase-shifted alternating current produces a magnetic field rotating in the direction of rotation F 2 , the course of which is indicated in FIG. 2 by line FV.
  • the axis of rotation A 2 of this rotating field coincides with the axis of the coil carrier 15.
  • the molten metal on the molten bath surface 5 is pushed away from the casting roller 2 in the direction of the arrow S 2 by the rotating field in interaction with the fields of the electrical eddy currents generated in the melt and is flattened.
  • the surface of the melt is thereby calmed and the "splashing up" of the liquid metal and the impurities on the surface of the casting rolls is prevented.
  • the impurities and oxides are forced to the middle level E of the melt pool 4.
  • the excitation of the coils with respect to the frequency and intensity can be regulated as a function of the casting parameters, preferably the supply of the coil system 10'a and the supply of the opposite coil system associated with the other casting roll 1 take place separately, for which purpose known multiphase, adjustable electronic
  • the field strength and the frequency can be optimally adapted to the requirements of the casting process, and the position of the respective coil system above the melt pool surface 5 can be detected by suitable sensors and can be controlled in an optimized manner for the process.
  • the coils can be excited with a multiphase alternating current from a sinusoidal, rectangular or other suitable pulse shape.
  • FIG. 3 shows a coil system 10'b with coils electrically offset by 120 ° (cf. conductors 16x, 16y, 16z; 16u, 16v, 16w on the circumference of the coil carrier 15), which are excited by a three-phase alternating current.
  • a again fixed coil carrier 15c of a coil system 10'c is provided with a lower surface 18c facing and parallel to the molten bath surface 5, to which several, possibly three conductors 16w, 16x, 16v are assigned, which are parallel and at the same distance run to the molten bath surface 5, whereby the flow effect in the melt (cf. arrow direction S 2 ) is additionally increased.
  • FIG. 5 The same effect is also achieved with a coil system 10'd shown in FIG. 5, which has a coil carrier 15d of rectangular cross-section, again with a lower surface 18d facing the molten bath surface 5 with a number of the same spacing above the molten bath surface 5 to this lying conductors 16d is provided.
  • the coil carrier 15d has a central channel 20 through which a cooling medium flows.
  • the coil system is preferably cooled with the inert cooling gas which is present anyway, so that the cooling effort is low. If higher outputs of the coil system are required, N 2 in liquid form can be used as the cooling medium.
  • the coil carrier 15e of the coil system 10'e shown in FIG. 6 also has a central channel 20 through which a cooling medium flows.
  • the coil carrier 15e which in turn has a circular cross section and is provided with conductors 16e on the circumference, is accommodated within a ceramic tube 22.
  • the coil carrier 15e is also provided with a number, possibly with six recesses 23 distributed over the circumference, which together form with the inner surface 24 of the ceramic tube 22 a number of further cooling channels 25 through which the cooling medium flows.
  • the coil system 10f comprises, in addition to the coil carrier 15, which is in turn accommodated in the ceramic tube 22, a field shield 27 which is arranged on the side of the coil carrier 15 facing away from the molten bath surface 5.
  • the field shield 27 to prevent unwanted stray fields and to increase the effect to be achieved is preferably made of sheet steel or ferrite.
  • the conductors are preferably insulated with a temperature-resistant oxide (e.g. pyrothenaxone insulation).
  • a cooling medium can also flow directly through the conductors. The excitation of the coils is feasible with a small cross section of cable feeds.
  • the conductors or coils run in a spiral on the circumference of the respective coil support. Then the melt receives an additional force component directed against the side seal (or side seals) 3, which is used to transport contaminants and oxides away.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 Another type of devices 10'h, 10i for generating rotary magnetic fields is shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.
  • 5 rotating magnet carriers 30h and 30i are arranged above the molten bath surface along the respective casting roll 1, 2, to each of which a number of cooled permanent magnets 31h and 31i are attached.
  • the rotation of the permanent magnet arrangement in turn creates magnetic rotating fields, which cause local eddy currents and thereby also the desired flow in the melt.
  • Local eddy currents can also be generated in the surface nickel layer of the casting rolls 1, 2, which slightly loosen cause a temperature rise on the surface of the casting rolls and counteract the premature solidification of the melt at these points.
  • the magnetic carriers 30h, 30i also each have a central channel 33 through which a cooling medium flows or cooling openings arranged in another way and are surrounded by a ceramic tube 32.
  • the permanent magnets 31 h are arranged in the circumferential direction of the magnet carrier 30 h.
  • the permanent magnets 31 i are arranged radially to the axis of rotation Ai of the magnet carrier 30i.
  • the axis of rotation A 2 or A 1 of the magnetic carrier 30h or 30i is the axis of rotation of the magnetic rotating field at the same time in both variants.
  • the method according to the invention and the devices according to the invention for carrying out the method enable a substantial increase in the quality of the metal strip to be produced and are nevertheless simple and inexpensive from an operational point of view.
  • This method can also be used to dampen and flatten the waves in the liquid area in order to obtain straight solidification lines.
  • the two devices 10 and 10 ' are preferably controlled in such a way that the solidification lines form at the same height.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for producing a metal strip, whereby molten is continuously poured between two casting rolls ( 1, 2 ) of a strip casting machine with rolls. Above the molten bath ( 4 ) and respectively proximate to the molten bath ( 5 ) casting rolls ( 1, 2 ) transition surface a rotating magnetic field is produced which generates, in the molten metal, local turbulent flows, so that a surface current is formed in said molten metal, which surface current is directed by the casting rolls ( 1, 2 ) towards the central plane (E) of the molten bath ( 4 ), that is towards the plane for output of the metal strip ( 8 ), thereby enabling to largely prevent supernatant impurities at the surface of the molten bath and oxides located on the surface of the rolls from being deposited, and the molten metal particles from being prematurely solidified.

Description

Verfahren sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Metallbandes an einer Rollen-BandgiessmaschineMethod and an apparatus for producing a metal strip on a roller band casting machine
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Metallbandes durch einen kontinuierlichen Einguss von Metallschmelze zwischen zwei Giessrollen einer Rollen-Bandgiessmaschine sowie eine Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for producing a metal strip by continuously pouring molten metal between two casting rolls of a roller band casting machine and a device for performing the method.
Beim Giessen eines Metallbandes in der eingangs genannten Art schwimmt auf der Schmelzbadoberfläche zwischen den Giessrollen eine Schicht von Verunreinigungen und Oxiden. Ausserdem entstehen durch die Zuführung des flüssigen Metalls und die Bewegung der Giessrollen Oberflächenwellen und Oberflä- chenströmungen in der Schmelze, die ein „Emporschwappen" des flüssigen Metalls und der Verunreinigungen an den Giessrollen bewirken. Dadurch besteht die Gefahr, dass Teile der Schmelze an den gekühlten Giessrollen intensiver abgekühlt werden und vorzeitig erstarren. Auch werden die Verunreinigungen und Oxide durch die unruhige Schmelzbadoberfläche an die Giessrol- len-Oberflächen gespült und durch die Giessrollen mitgeschleppt. Dies bedeutet Unregelmässigkeiten an der Bandoberfläche und Verschlechterung der Bandqualität.When casting a metal strip in the manner mentioned at the beginning, a layer of impurities and oxides floats on the surface of the weld pool between the casting rolls. In addition, the supply of the liquid metal and the movement of the casting rolls result in surface waves and surface currents in the melt, which cause the liquid metal and impurities to “sprout” on the casting rolls. There is a risk that parts of the melt on the cooled rolls Casting rolls are cooled more intensely and solidify prematurely. The impurities and oxides are also flushed to the casting roll surfaces by the restless melt pool surface and dragged along by the casting rolls. This means irregularities on the strip surface and deterioration of the strip quality.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der ein- gangs genannten Art sowie eine Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens vorzuschlagen, durch welche die Gefahr des Anschwemmens der Verunreinigungen und Oxide an die Giessrollen-Oberflachen und des vorzeitigen Erstarrens von Teilen der Metallschmelze weitgehend eliminiert wird. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 sowie durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 11 oder 20 gelöst.The present invention is based on the object of proposing a method of the type mentioned at the outset and an apparatus for carrying out the method, by means of which the risk of the impurities and oxides being washed onto the casting roller surfaces and of premature solidification of parts of the metal melt being largely eliminated becomes. According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and by a device having the features of claim 11 or 20.
Bevorzugte Weitergestaltungen der Erfindung bilden den Gegenstand abhängi- ger Ansprüche.Preferred developments of the invention form the subject of dependent claims.
Dadurch, dass oberhalb des Schmelzbades nahe dem jeweiligen Übergang Schmelzbadoberfläche/Giessrolle je ein magnetisches Drehfeld und somit in der Schmelze lokal Wirbelströme erzeugt werden, derart, dass eine flache Oberflächenströmung in der Schmelze entsteht, die von den Giessrollen weg zur mittleren Ebene des Schmelzbades hin, d.h. zur Austrittsebene des Metallbandes, gerichtet ist, wird mit geringem Energieaufwand die unerwünschte, vorzeitige Erstarrung der Teile der Metallschmelze entlang der Giessrollenkan- ten verhindert. Die Verunreinigungen und Oxide werden von den Giessrollen wegtransportiert.The fact that above the melt pool near the respective transition from the melt pool surface to the casting roll, a magnetic rotating field and thus local eddy currents are generated in the melt in such a way that a flat surface flow arises in the melt, which flows away from the casting rolls towards the middle level of the melt pool. ie to the exit plane of the metal strip, the undesired, premature solidification of the parts of the molten metal along the casting roller edges is prevented with little expenditure of energy. The contaminants and oxides are transported away from the casting rolls.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen rein schematisch:The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing. It shows purely schematically:
Fig. 1 zwei Giessrollen einer Rollen-Bandgiessmaschine mit einem Metallschmelzbad dazwischen und mit je einer oberhalb der Schmelzbadoberfläche angeordneten, sich entlang der jeweiligen Giessrolle erstreckenden Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung einer Oberflächenströmung in der Schmelze; und1 shows two casting rolls of a roll band casting machine with a metal melt bath in between and each with a device arranged above the melt bath surface and extending along the respective casting roll for generating a surface flow in the melt; and
Fig. 2 bis 9 verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele der Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1 ,2 to 9 different embodiments of the device of FIG. 1,
In Fig.1 sind schematisch zwei um horizontale Achsen drehbare Giessrollen 1 ,1 schematically shows two casting rolls 1 rotatable about horizontal axes,
2 angedeutet, deren Drehrichtungen mit D1 ( D bezeichnet sind. Zur Erzeugung eines Metallbandes 8 wird zwischen die beiden Giessrollen 1 , 2 und zwei im2 indicated, whose directions of rotation are denoted by D 1 ( D. To produce a metal strip 8, between the two casting rolls 1, 2 and two in
Stirnseitenbereich der Giessrollen 1 , 2 angeordnete Seitenabdichtungen 3 über eine Eingiessvorrichtung 6 das flüssige Metall eingegossen. Eingiessvorrich- tungen sind an sich bekannt und es wird daher die Eingiessvorrichtung 6 nicht näher beschrieben. Das Schmelzbad ist in Fig. 1 mit 4, seine Oberfläche mit 5 bezeichnet. Das erzeugte Metallband 8 wird durch einen Durchgangsspalt 7 zwischen den beiden, gekühlten Giessrollen 1 , 2 in Pfeilrichtung B weggeführt. Die Austrittsebene des Metallbandes 8 entspricht der mittleren Ebene E des Schmelzbades 4, in der auch die Eingiessvorrichtung 6 liegt.End face area of the casting rolls 1, 2 arranged side seals 3 over a pouring device 6 poured the liquid metal. Pouring devices are known per se and the pouring device 6 is therefore not described in detail. The melt pool is denoted by 4 in FIG. 1 and its surface by 5. The metal strip 8 that is produced is led away in the direction of arrow B through a passage gap 7 between the two cooled casting rolls 1, 2. The exit plane of the metal strip 8 corresponds to the middle plane E of the melting bath 4, in which the pouring device 6 also lies.
Oberhalb der Schmelzbadoberfläche 5 sind erfindungsgemäss nahe den Giessrollen-Oberflachen Vorrichtungen 10, 10' zur Erzeugung von magneti- sehen Drehfeldern angeordnet, die sich entlang der Giessrollen 1 , 2 erstrecken. Verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele dieser Vorrichtungen werden weiter unten anhand der Fig. 2 bis 9 näher beschrieben. Die Drehrichtungen der magnetischen Drehfelder sind in Fig. 1 mit Fi, F2 bezeichnet, deren Drehachsen mit A1 ; A2. Durch die magnetischen Drehfelder werden in der elektrisch leitenden Me- tallschmelze lokale elektrische Wirbelströme erzeugt, welche Kräfte auf die leitende Schmelze ausüben, derart, dass in der Schmelze Oberflächenströmungen entstehen, die von den Giessrollen 1 , 2 weg zur mittleren Ebene E des Schmelzbades 4 gerichtet sind (vgl. Pfeile S-i, S2). Die Oberflächenströmungen verhindern einerseits vorzeitige, unerwünschte Erstarrung von Teilen der Schmelze am Übergang Giessrollenoberfläche/Schmelzbadoberfläche, und anderseits das Anschwemmen von Verunreinigungen und Oxiden an den Giessrollen-Oberflachen und deren Mitschleppen durch die Giessrollen 1 , 2. Die Verunreinigungen und Oxide werden von den Giessrollen wegtransportiert und können entlang der sich in der mittleren Ebene E befindenden Eingiessvorrich- tung 6 entfernt werden.According to the invention, devices 10, 10 'for generating magnetic rotating fields, which extend along the casting rolls 1, 2, are arranged above the molten bath surface 5 near the casting roll surfaces. Various exemplary embodiments of these devices are described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 9. The directions of rotation of the magnetic rotating fields are designated in Fig. 1 with Fi, F 2 , whose axes of rotation with A 1; A 2 . Due to the magnetic rotating fields, local electrical eddy currents are generated in the electrically conductive metal melt, which exert forces on the conductive melt in such a way that surface flows occur in the melt, which flow away from the casting rolls 1, 2 to the central plane E of the melting bath 4 are (see arrows Si, S 2 ). On the one hand, the surface currents prevent premature, unwanted solidification of parts of the melt at the transition between the casting roll surface and the molten bath surface, and on the other hand prevent the build-up of contaminants and oxides on the casting roll surfaces and their entrainment by the casting rolls 1, 2. The contaminants and oxides are transported away from the casting rolls and can be removed along the pouring device 6 located in the middle plane E.
Bekanntlich sind die Giessrollen 1 , 2 an ihrer Oberfläche in der Regel mit einer Nickelschicht versehen. Auch in dieser Nickelschicht werden durch die magnetischen Drehfelder Wirbelströme erzeugt, die lokal zu einer leichten Tempera- turerhöhung führen, wodurch die Gefahr der vorzeitigen Erstarrung der Schmelze an der gekühlten Walzenoberfläche zusätzlich reduziert wird. Im folgenden werden nun verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele der Vorrichtungen 10, 10' zur Erzeugung von magnetischen Drehfeldern anhand der Fig. 2 bis 9 näher beschrieben.As is known, the casting rolls 1, 2 are generally provided with a nickel layer on their surface. In this nickel layer, too, eddy currents are generated by the magnetic rotating fields, which locally lead to a slight increase in temperature, which further reduces the risk of premature solidification of the melt on the cooled roll surface. Various exemplary embodiments of the devices 10, 10 ′ for generating magnetic rotating fields will now be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 2 to 9.
Fig. 2 zeigt ein nahe dem Übergang Schmelzbadoberfläche 5/Giessrolle 2 oberhalb des Schmelzbades 4 angeordnetes und sich entlang der Giessrolle 2 erstreckendes Spulensystem 10'a, das einen ortsfesten Spulenträger 15 kreisförmigen Querschnitts umfasst, an dessen Umfang eine Anzahl von Leitern 16 bzw. Spulen angeordnet ist. Diese werden derart geschaltet, dass mit einer mehrphasigen Erregung durch phasenverschobenen Wechselstrom ein in Drehrichtung F2 drehendes magnetisches Feld entsteht, dessen Verlauf in Fig. 2 mit Linie FV angedeutet ist. Die Drehachse A2 dieses Drehfeldes fällt mit der Achse des Spulenträgers 15 zusammen. Wie bereits erwähnt wird die Metallschmelze an der Schmelzbadoberfläche 5 durch das Drehfeld in Wechselwirkung mit den Feldern der in der Schmelze erzeugten elektrischen Wirbelströme von der Giessrolle 2 in Pfeilrichtung S2 weggedrängt und flachgedrückt. Die Oberfläche der Schmelze wird dadurch beruhigt und das „Emporschwappen" des flüssigen Metalls und der Verunreinigungen an die Giessrollen-Oberfläche verhindert. Die Verunreinigungen und Oxide werden zur mittleren Ebene E des Schmelzbades 4 gedrängt. Durch eine elektronische Anspeisung des Spulensystems 10'a kann mit Vorteil die Erregung der Spulen bezüglich der Frequenz und Intensität in Abhängigkeit der Giessparameter reguliert werden. Vorzugsweise findet dabei die Anspeisung des Spulensystems 10'a und die Anspeisung des gegenüberliegenden, der anderen Giessrolle 1 zugeordneten Spulensystems separat statt, wozu an sich bekannte mehrphasige, regulierbare elektronische Speisegeräte verwendet werden. Dadurch kann die Feldstärke und die Frequenz optimal an die Erfordernisse des Giessprozesses angepasst werden. Zudem kann die Lage der jeweiligen Spulensystems über der Schmelzbadoberfläche 5 durch geeignete Sensoren erfasst und auf den Prozess optimiert geregelt werden. Die Erregung der Spulen kann mit einem mehrphasigen Wechselstrom von einer sinusförmigen, rechteckförmigen oder einer anderen geeigneten Pulsform erfolgen.FIG. 2 shows a coil system 10'a which is arranged near the transition from the melting bath surface 5 / casting roll 2 above the melting bath 4 and extends along the casting roll 2 and which comprises a stationary coil support 15 of circular cross-section, on the circumference of which a number of conductors 16 or coils is arranged. These are switched in such a way that a multi-phase excitation by phase-shifted alternating current produces a magnetic field rotating in the direction of rotation F 2 , the course of which is indicated in FIG. 2 by line FV. The axis of rotation A 2 of this rotating field coincides with the axis of the coil carrier 15. As already mentioned, the molten metal on the molten bath surface 5 is pushed away from the casting roller 2 in the direction of the arrow S 2 by the rotating field in interaction with the fields of the electrical eddy currents generated in the melt and is flattened. The surface of the melt is thereby calmed and the "splashing up" of the liquid metal and the impurities on the surface of the casting rolls is prevented. The impurities and oxides are forced to the middle level E of the melt pool 4. By electronically feeding the coil system 10'a The excitation of the coils with respect to the frequency and intensity can be regulated as a function of the casting parameters, preferably the supply of the coil system 10'a and the supply of the opposite coil system associated with the other casting roll 1 take place separately, for which purpose known multiphase, adjustable electronic The field strength and the frequency can be optimally adapted to the requirements of the casting process, and the position of the respective coil system above the melt pool surface 5 can be detected by suitable sensors and can be controlled in an optimized manner for the process. The coils can be excited with a multiphase alternating current from a sinusoidal, rectangular or other suitable pulse shape.
Fig. 3 zeigt ein Spulensystem 10'b mit um 120° elektrisch versetzten Spulen (vgl. Leiter 16x, 16y, 16z; 16u, 16v, 16w am Umfang des Spulenträgers 15), die durch einen dreiphasigen Wechselstrom erregt werden.3 shows a coil system 10'b with coils electrically offset by 120 ° (cf. conductors 16x, 16y, 16z; 16u, 16v, 16w on the circumference of the coil carrier 15), which are excited by a three-phase alternating current.
Gemäss Fig. 4 ist ein wiederum ortsfester Spulenträger 15c eines Spulensystem 10'c mit einer der Schmelzbadoberfläche 5 zugewandten und zu dieser parallelen unteren Fläche 18c versehen, der mehrere, gegebenenfalls drei Leiter 16w, 16x, 16v zugeordnet sind, die parallel und im gleichen Abstand zur Schmelzbadoberfläche 5 verlaufen, wodurch der Strömungseffekt in der Schmelze (vgl. Pfeilrichtung S2) zusätzlich verstärkt wird.According to FIG. 4, a again fixed coil carrier 15c of a coil system 10'c is provided with a lower surface 18c facing and parallel to the molten bath surface 5, to which several, possibly three conductors 16w, 16x, 16v are assigned, which are parallel and at the same distance run to the molten bath surface 5, whereby the flow effect in the melt (cf. arrow direction S 2 ) is additionally increased.
Der gleiche Effekt wird auch mit einem in Fig. 5 dargestellten Spulensystem 10'd erreicht, das einen Spulenträger 15d rechteckigen Querschnitts aufweist, wobei wiederum eine der Schmelzbadoberfläche 5 zugewandte untere Fläche 18d mit einer Anzahl von parallel oberhalb der Schmelzbadoberfläche 5 verlaufenden und im gleichen Abstand zu dieser liegenden Leitern 16d versehen ist. Der Spulenträger 15d weist einen zentralen, von einem Kühlmedium durchströmten Kanal 20. Die Kühlung des Spulensystems erfolgt vorzugsweise mit dem ohnehin vorhandenen inerten Kühlgas, so dass der Kühlaufwand gering ist. Sind höhere Leistungen des Spulensystems erforderlich, kann als Kühlmedium N2 in flüssiger Form eingesetzt werden.The same effect is also achieved with a coil system 10'd shown in FIG. 5, which has a coil carrier 15d of rectangular cross-section, again with a lower surface 18d facing the molten bath surface 5 with a number of the same spacing above the molten bath surface 5 to this lying conductors 16d is provided. The coil carrier 15d has a central channel 20 through which a cooling medium flows. The coil system is preferably cooled with the inert cooling gas which is present anyway, so that the cooling effort is low. If higher outputs of the coil system are required, N 2 in liquid form can be used as the cooling medium.
Einen zentralen, von einem Kühlmedium durchströmten Kanal 20 weist auch der Spulenträger 15e des in Fig. 6 dargestellten Spulensystems 10'e auf. Der wiederum einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweisende, am Umfang mit Leitern 16e versehene Spulenträger 15e ist innerhalb eines Keramikrohres 22 unterge- bracht. Der Spulenträger 15e ist ferner mit einer Anzahl, gegebenenfalls mit sechs über den Umfang verteilten Ausnehmungen 23 versehen, die zusammen mit der Innenfläche 24 des Keramikrohres 22 eine Anzahl von weiteren, vom Kühlmedium durchströmten Kühlkanälen 25 bilden.The coil carrier 15e of the coil system 10'e shown in FIG. 6 also has a central channel 20 through which a cooling medium flows. The coil carrier 15e, which in turn has a circular cross section and is provided with conductors 16e on the circumference, is accommodated within a ceramic tube 22. The coil carrier 15e is also provided with a number, possibly with six recesses 23 distributed over the circumference, which together form with the inner surface 24 of the ceramic tube 22 a number of further cooling channels 25 through which the cooling medium flows.
Das Spulensystem 10f nach Fig.7 umfasst ausser dem wiederum im Keramikrohr 22 untergebrachten Spulenträger 15 eine Feldabschirmung 27, die auf der der Schmelzbadoberfläche 5 abgewandten Seite des Spulenträgers 15 angeordnet ist. Die zur Verhinderung unerwünschter Streufelder und zur Verstärkung der zu erzielender Wirkung vorhandene Feldabschirmung 27 besteht vorzugsweise aus Stahlblech oder Ferrit.The coil system 10f according to FIG. 7 comprises, in addition to the coil carrier 15, which is in turn accommodated in the ceramic tube 22, a field shield 27 which is arranged on the side of the coil carrier 15 facing away from the molten bath surface 5. The field shield 27 to prevent unwanted stray fields and to increase the effect to be achieved is preferably made of sheet steel or ferrite.
Bei allen vorstehend beschriebenen Spulensystemen werden die Leiter vorzugsweise mit einem temperaturbeständigen Oxid isoliert (z.B. Pyrothenaxon- Isolation). Die Leiter können auch direkt durch ein Kühlmedium durchströmt werden. Die Erregung der Spulen ist mit kleinem Querschnitt von Kabelzuführungen machbar.In all coil systems described above, the conductors are preferably insulated with a temperature-resistant oxide (e.g. pyrothenaxone insulation). A cooling medium can also flow directly through the conductors. The excitation of the coils is feasible with a small cross section of cable feeds.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Leiter bzw. Spulen am Umfang des jeweiligen Spulenträgers spiralförmig verlaufen. Dann erhält nämlich die Schmelze noch eine zusätzliche, gegen die Seitenabdichtung (oder Seitenabdichtungen) 3 gerichtete Kraftkomponente, die zum Wegtransportieren von Verunreinigungen und Oxiden ausgenutzt wird.It is particularly advantageous if the conductors or coils run in a spiral on the circumference of the respective coil support. Then the melt receives an additional force component directed against the side seal (or side seals) 3, which is used to transport contaminants and oxides away.
Eine andere Art von Vorrichtungen 10'h, 10i zur Erzeugung von magnetischen Drehfeldern ist in Fig. 8 und 9 dargestellt. Statt ortsfester Spulensysteme werden oberhalb der Schmelzbadoberfläche 5 rotierende Magnetträger 30h bzw. 30i entlang der jeweiligen Giessrolle 1 , 2 angeordnet, an denen jeweils eine Anzahl von gekühlten Dauermagneten 31 h bzw. 31 i befestigt ist. Durch die Rotation der Dauermagnetanordnug entstehen wiederum magnetische Drehfelder, die lokale Wirbelströme und dadurch auch die gewünschte Strömung in der Schmelze bewirken. Auch können dadurch lokale Wirbelströme in der Oberflä- chen-Nickelschicht der Giessrollen 1 , 2 erzeugt werden, die einen leichten lo- kalen Temperaturanstieg an der Giessrollen-Oberfläche verursachen und der vorzeitigen Erstarrung der Schmelze an diesen Stellen entgegenwirken.Another type of devices 10'h, 10i for generating rotary magnetic fields is shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. Instead of stationary coil systems, 5 rotating magnet carriers 30h and 30i are arranged above the molten bath surface along the respective casting roll 1, 2, to each of which a number of cooled permanent magnets 31h and 31i are attached. The rotation of the permanent magnet arrangement in turn creates magnetic rotating fields, which cause local eddy currents and thereby also the desired flow in the melt. Local eddy currents can also be generated in the surface nickel layer of the casting rolls 1, 2, which slightly loosen cause a temperature rise on the surface of the casting rolls and counteract the premature solidification of the melt at these points.
Auch die Magnetträger 30h, 30i weisen jeweils einen zentralen, von einem Kühlmedium durchströmten Kanal 33 oder anderweitig angeordnete Kühlöff- nungen auf und sind von einem Keramikrohr 32 umgeben.The magnetic carriers 30h, 30i also each have a central channel 33 through which a cooling medium flows or cooling openings arranged in another way and are surrounded by a ceramic tube 32.
Bei der in Fig. 8 dargestellten Variante sind die Dauermagnete 31 h in Umfangs- richtung des Magnetträgers 30h angeordnet. Bei der Ausführung nach Fig. 9 sind die Dauermagnete 31 i radial zur Drehachse Ai des Magnetträgers 30i an- geordnet. Die Drehachse A2 bzw. A1 des Magnetträgers 30h bzw. 30i ist bei beiden Varianten gleichzeitig die Drehachse des magnetischen Drehfeldes.In the variant shown in FIG. 8, the permanent magnets 31 h are arranged in the circumferential direction of the magnet carrier 30 h. In the embodiment according to FIG. 9, the permanent magnets 31 i are arranged radially to the axis of rotation Ai of the magnet carrier 30i. The axis of rotation A 2 or A 1 of the magnetic carrier 30h or 30i is the axis of rotation of the magnetic rotating field at the same time in both variants.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren sowie die erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtungen zum Durchführen des Verfahrens ermöglichen eine wesentlichen Qualitäts- Steigerung des zu erzeugenden Metallbandes und sind dennoch betriebstechnisch einfach und kostengünstig.The method according to the invention and the devices according to the invention for carrying out the method enable a substantial increase in the quality of the metal strip to be produced and are nevertheless simple and inexpensive from an operational point of view.
Mit diesem Verfahren kann ausserdem eine Dämpfung und Verflachung der Wellen im flüssigen Bereich erzielt werden, um gerade Erstarrungslinien zu er- halten. Die beiden Vorrichtungen 10 und 10' sind vorzugsweise derart gesteuert, dass sich die Erstarrungslinien auf gleicher Höhe bilden. This method can also be used to dampen and flatten the waves in the liquid area in order to obtain straight solidification lines. The two devices 10 and 10 'are preferably controlled in such a way that the solidification lines form at the same height.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Metallbandes (8) durch einen kontinuierlichen Einguss von Metallschmelze zwischen zwei Giessrollen (1, 2) einer Rollen-Bandgiessmaschine, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass oberhalb des Schmelzbades (4) nahe dem jeweiligen Übergang Schmelzbadoberfläche (5VGiessrolle (1 bzw. 2) je ein magnetisches1. A process for producing a metal strip (8) by continuously pouring molten metal between two casting rolls (1, 2) of a roll band casting machine, characterized in that above the melting bath (4) near the respective transition of the melting bath surface (5V casting roll (1 or 2) one magnetic each
Drehfeld und dadurch in der Schmelze lokal Wirbelströme erzeugt werden, derart, dass eine Oberflächenströmung in der Schmelze entsteht, die von den Giessrollen (1, 2) weg zur mittleren Ebene (E) des Schmelzbades (4) hin, d.h. zur Austrittsebene des Metallbandes (8), gerichtet ist.Rotational field and thus local eddy currents are generated in the melt, such that a surface flow is created in the melt, which away from the casting rolls (1, 2) to the middle plane (E) of the melt pool (4), i.e. is directed to the exit plane of the metal strip (8).
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dad urch gekennzei chnet, dass durch die magnetischen Drehfelder in einer Giessrollen- Oberflächenschicht, die vorzugsweise aus Nickel besteht, lokal Wirbel- ströme erzeugt werden, wodurch eine leichte lokale Temperaturerhöhung an der Giessrollenoberfläche entsteht, die einer vorzeitigen Erstarrung der Metallschmelze entgegenwirken.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that eddy currents are locally generated by the magnetic rotating fields in a casting roll surface layer, which preferably consists of nickel, whereby a slight local temperature increase occurs on the casting roll surface, which leads to premature solidification counteract the molten metal.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dad u rch gekennzeichnet, dass die magnetischen Drehfelder durch oberhalb des Schmelzbades (4) entlang der Giessrollen (1, 2) angeordnete Spulensysteme (10'a; 10'b; 10'c; 10'd; 10'e; 10f) erzeugt werden, die jeweils einen Spulenträger (15; 15c;15d;15e) aufweisen, an dessen Umfang Leiter (16; 16x, 16y, 16z, 16v, 16u, 16w) bzw. Spulen derart angeordnet und geschaltet werden, dass mit einer mehrphasigen, nach Bedarf bezüglich Frequenz und Intensität regu- lierbarer Erregung durch phasenverschobenen Wechselstrom das magnetische Drehfeld entsteht, welches durch Wechselwirkung mit den Feldern der Wirbelströme an der Schmelzbadoberfläche (5) die Schmelze von den Giessrollen (1 , 2) wegdrängt.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the magnetic rotating fields are arranged by coil systems (10'a;10'b;10'c; 10 ') arranged above the melting bath (4) along the casting rolls (1, 2). d; 10'e; 10f) are generated, each having a coil carrier (15; 15c; 15d; 15e), on the circumference of which conductors (16; 16x, 16y, 16z, 16v, 16u, 16w) or coils are arranged in this way and switched that with a multi-phase, as required in terms of frequency and intensity excitable excitation by phase-shifted alternating current, the magnetic rotating field arises, which, by interacting with the fields of the eddy currents on the melt pool surface (5), forces the melt away from the casting rolls (1, 2).
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Erregung der Spulen durch mehrphasigen Wechselstrom mit einer sinnusförmigen, rechteckförmigen oder anderen geeigneten Pulsform erfolgt.4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the excitation of the coils is carried out by multiphase alternating current with a sense-shaped, rectangular or other suitable pulse shape.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leiter (16x, 16y, 16z, 16v, 16u, 16w) am Umfang des Spulenträgers (15) um 120° elektrisch versetzt angeordnet sind und durch einen Dreiphasen-Wechselstrom erregt werden.5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the conductors (16x, 16y, 16z, 16v, 16u, 16w) on the circumference of the coil carrier (15) are arranged electrically offset by 120 ° and are excited by a three-phase alternating current.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch einen spiralförmigen Verlauf der Leiter (16; 16x, 16y, 16z, 16v, 16u, 16w) am Umfang des Spulenträgers (15; 15c; 15d; 15e) auf die6. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that by a spiral course of the conductors (16; 16x, 16y, 16z, 16v, 16u, 16w) on the circumference of the coil carrier (15; 15c; 15d; 15e) the
Schmelzbadoberfläche (5) eine zusätzliche, gegen eine Giessrollen- Stirnseite gerichtete Kraftkomponente ausgeübt wird.Melt pool surface (5) an additional force component directed against a casting roll face is exerted.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, eine separate elektronische Anspeisung der beiden, entlang der beiden Giessrollen (1, 2) angeordneten Spulensysteme (10'a; 10'b; 10'c;10'd; 10'e; 10f).7. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that a separate electronic feed of the two coil systems (10'a; 10'b; 10'c; 10'd; 10) arranged along the two casting rolls (1, 2) 'e; 10f).
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lage des Spulensystems (10'a; 10'b; 10'c; 10'd; 10'e; 10f) bezüglich der Schmelzbadoberfläche (5) gemessen und geregelt wird.8. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the position of the coil system (10'a;10'b;10'c;10'd;10'e; 10f) with respect to the melt pool surface (5) is measured and controlled.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch lineare Leiteranordnung parallel und im gleichen Abstandzur9. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that by linear conductor arrangement in parallel and at the same distance from
Schmelzbadoberfläche (5) die Oberflächenströmung in der Schmelze verstärkt wird.Melt bath surface (5) the surface flow in the melt is increased.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das jeweilige magnetische Drehfeld durch Rotation eines oberhalb des Schmelzbades (4) angeordneten, sich entlang der jeweiligen Giessrolle (1 , 2) erstreckenden und mit einer Anzahl von gekühlten Dauermagneten (31h; 31 i) versehenen Magnetträgers (30h; 30i) erzeugt wird.10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the respective magnetic rotating field by rotating an above the melting bath (4), extending along the respective casting roll (1, 2) and with a number of cooled permanent magnets (31h; 31 i) provided magnetic carrier (30h; 30i) is generated.
11. Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass oberhalb des Schmelzbades (4) je ein sich entlang der jeweiligen Giessrolle erstreckendes Spulensystem (10'a; 10'b; 10'c; 10'd; 10'e; 10f) angeordnet ist, das einen ortsfesten Spulenträger (15; 15c; 15d; 15e) umfasst, an dessen Umfang eine Anzahl von durch mehrphasigen Wechselstrom erregbaren Leitern (16; 16x, 16y, 16z, 16v, 16u, 16w; 16d) bzw. Spulen angebracht ist.11. A device for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that above the melt pool (4) each have a coil system (10'a; 10'b; 10'c; 10'd) extending along the respective casting roll ; 10'e; 10f) is arranged, which comprises a stationary coil support (15; 15c; 15d; 15e), on the circumference of which a number of conductors (16; 16x, 16y, 16z, 16v, 16u, 16w that can be excited by multiphase alternating current) ; 16d) or coils is attached.
12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Spulenträger (15d; 15e) mit mindestens einem von einem Kühlmedium durchströmten Kanal (20) versehen ist.12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the coil carrier (15d; 15e) is provided with at least one channel (20) through which a cooling medium flows.
13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Spulenträger (15; 15e) einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweist.13. The apparatus of claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the coil support (15; 15e) has a circular cross section.
14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Spulenträger (15; 15e) von einem Keramikrohr (22) umgeben ist.14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the coil carrier (15; 15e) is surrounded by a ceramic tube (22).
15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Spulenträger (15e) am Umfang eine Anzahl von Ausnehmungen (23) aufweist, die zusammen mit der Innenfläche (24) des Keramikrohres15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the coil carrier (15e) has a number of recesses (23) on the circumference, which together with the inner surface (24) of the ceramic tube
(22) eine Anzahl von Kühlkanälen (25) bilden.(22) form a number of cooling channels (25).
16. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Spulenträger (15c; 15d) eine zur Schmelzbadoberfläche (5) parallele Fläche (18c; 18d) aufweist, die mit einer Anzahl von nebeneinander angeordneten Leitern (16w, 16x, 16v; 16d) versehen ist.16. The apparatus of claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the coil carrier (15c; 15d) has a surface (18c; 18d) parallel to the molten bath surface (5), which is provided with a number of conductors (16w, 16x, 16v; 16d) is provided.
17. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Spulensystem (10'a; 10'b; 10'c; 10'd; 10'e; 10f) direkt durch ein Kühlmedium durchströmte Leiter umfasst.17. Device according to one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the coil system (10'a; 10'b; 10'c; 10'd; 10'e; 10f) comprises conductors through which a cooling medium flows directly.
18. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Spulensystem (10'a; 10'b; 10'c; 10'd; 10'e; 10f) mit einem temperaturbeständigem Oxid isolierte Leiter aufweist.18. Device according to one of claims 11 to 17, characterized in that the coil system (10'a; 10'b; 10'c; 10'd; 10'e; 10f) has conductors insulated with a temperature-resistant oxide.
19. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass oberhalb des Spulensystems (1 Of) eine Feldabschirmung (27) vorzugsweise aus Stahlblech oder Ferrit angeordnet ist.19. Device according to one of claims 11 to 18, characterized in that that a field shield (27), preferably made of sheet steel or ferrite, is arranged above the coil system (1 of).
20. Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass oberhalb des Schmelzbades (4) mindestens je ein sich entlang der jeweiligen Giessrolle (1, 2) erstreckender, drehbar gelagerter Magnetträger (30h; 30i) angeordnet ist, an dem eine Anzahl von gekühlten Dauermagneten (31h; 31 i) befestigt ist.20. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one rotatably mounted magnet carrier (30h; 30i) extending along the respective casting roll (1, 2) is arranged above the melting bath (4) to which a number of cooled permanent magnets (31h; 31 i) is attached.
21. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Magnetträger (30h; 30i) mit mindestens einem von einem Kühlmedium durchströmten Kanal (33) versehen ist.21. The apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that the magnetic carrier (30h; 30i) is provided with at least one channel (33) through which a cooling medium flows.
22. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 20 oder 21 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mit den Dauermagneten (31h; 31 i) versehene Magnetträger (30h; 30i) innerhalb eines Keramikrohres (32) angeordnet ist. 22. The apparatus according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the magnet carrier (30h; 31i) provided with the permanent magnets (31h; 31i) is arranged within a ceramic tube (32).
EP02779345A 2001-09-18 2002-09-13 Method and device for producing a metal strip in a strip casting machine with rolls Expired - Lifetime EP1427553B1 (en)

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CH17162001 2001-09-18
PCT/EP2002/010276 WO2003024643A2 (en) 2001-09-18 2002-09-13 Method and device for producing a metal strip in a strip casting machine with rolls

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DE102004017443B3 (en) * 2004-04-02 2005-04-21 Technische Universität Dresden Device for stirring electrically conducting liquids in a container to control material and heat exchange comprises a control/regulating unit with an interrupting unit and a computer
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CN102310174B (en) * 2011-09-07 2013-06-05 中国科学院金属研究所 Method and device for improving metal solidification defects and refining solidification textures
CN104057046A (en) * 2013-03-21 2014-09-24 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 Low-frequency pulse electromagnetic casting method
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