EP1426683A2 - Brûleur mural à rayonnement et à faible émission de NOx - Google Patents

Brûleur mural à rayonnement et à faible émission de NOx Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1426683A2
EP1426683A2 EP04075208A EP04075208A EP1426683A2 EP 1426683 A2 EP1426683 A2 EP 1426683A2 EP 04075208 A EP04075208 A EP 04075208A EP 04075208 A EP04075208 A EP 04075208A EP 1426683 A2 EP1426683 A2 EP 1426683A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
fuel
set forth
mixture
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP04075208A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1426683A3 (fr
Inventor
Roger L. Poe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
John Zink Co LLC
Original Assignee
John Zink Co LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by John Zink Co LLC filed Critical John Zink Co LLC
Priority to EP06076085A priority Critical patent/EP1703204A3/fr
Priority claimed from EP01914795A external-priority patent/EP1175582B1/fr
Publication of EP1426683A2 publication Critical patent/EP1426683A2/fr
Publication of EP1426683A3 publication Critical patent/EP1426683A3/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • F23D14/583—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration of elongated shape, e.g. slits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F23C6/047—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure with fuel supply in stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
    • F23D14/06—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with radial outlets at the burner head
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/12—Radiant burners
    • F23D14/125—Radiant burners heating a wall surface to incandescence
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/02—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • F23M5/025—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used specially adapted for burner openings

Definitions

  • the ports described above may be utilized in combination with a discharge nozzle that includes a plurality of flow directing members as described, which are arranged to define therebetween a plurality of passageways which extend in generally radial directions relative to said axis, and an end cap mounted on said members in a location to redirect at least a portion of the mixture flowing from the end of the conduit and cause the same to flow through said passageways in a generally radial direction.
  • the members may be arranged so that some of the passageways have a larger flow area than others of the passageways.
  • the nozzle assembly having at least one port extending through the wall of the burner tube may be used as a component of a low NO x radiant wall burner that includes a burner tile having a central opening. In such a case, the nozzle assembly may extend through the central opening of the tile.
  • nozzle 60 may be as shown in Figs. 12, 13 and 14, where the downstream portion 90 of tubing 86 protrudes beyond end cap 38 such that the tip 62 is positioned in spaced relationship relative to end cap 38.
  • the assembly 16 may preferably include a cylindrical sheath 92 which is mounted on end cap 38 and extends along the entire length of protruding portion 90 in surrounding relationship to the latter.
  • Appropriately positioned openings 94 may be provided in sheath 92 to permit the entirety of tip 62 to be protected from the heat of the combustion zone and yet allow egress of staged fuel from tip 62.
  • the fuel lean fuel/air mixture leaving passageways 50 and 52 travels radially, outwardly of axis 54 and generally across face 74 of tile 12 where it is burned in a radiant combustion area 75 adjacent face 74.
  • the combustion products of the fuel/air mixture eventually intermix with raw fuel from nozzle 60.
  • the intermixture may be fuel rich, and after combustion, the same may provide a generally laterally extending flame having an outer peripheral extremity at the radial periphery of area 75, which periphery is spaced radially from the axis.
  • end 72 of duct 70 may be positioned so as to provide a fan a air to the flame at the outer peripheral extremity of the laterally extending flame.
  • the advantages provided by the invention described above include very low NO x , low noise, partial premix with a rich gas stream axially staged for low NO x , prompt NO x alleviation with fuel induced furnace gas recirculation, simplicity, short flame profile, high pressure utilization at turndown for jet stability, high stability, operation with either flat or cupped tile face, facilitation of the manipulation of L/D for defined combustion of premixed fuel and air, staged air tile further decreases NO x formations with staged air technology, staged gas is directed away from furnace wall for slowed combustion, and secondary air staging is integral part of tile such that no excess air is needed at the base of the premix tip.
  • the discharge nozzle may be arranged in eight sections, four (4) that are high flow and four (4) that are of lower flow. Since the webbing between each section is proportional the recirculation of flue gases in the tighter restricted area is more pronounced. The variation of area assures stability in the larger flow areas while the smaller areas are subjected to a higher percentage of flue gas by diffusion due to the smaller mass.
  • a center riser 60 may be inserted through the burner tube 34, which preferably may be a venturi, so that the riser protrudes through the end plate 38 of the discharge nozzle 36.
  • the secondary or staged nozzle 60 is fed pure gas fuel (unpremixed) at a pressure of about 10 psig.
  • the gas is then expelled via a staged tip 62 designed to handle the high temperatures of the furnace and subsequently burned.
  • This tip 62 desirably provides a L/D sufficient to ensure that the gas can be directed at an angle as required to oxidize the gas in a stable manner away from the heat of the furnace wall. This ensures that the combustion process is impeded, but not enough to induce appreciable amounts of CO.
  • the tip pressure is maintained by an integral orifice 68 located in the line from the main gas spud to the staged tip.
  • the discharge nozzle 36 and the staged tip 62 interact together in flow patterns created by the open slots in the face of the discharge nozzle 36 to insure appropriate staging of the raw fuel and the subsequent recirculation of the CO and CO 2 formed to lower the NO x further in the primary premixed section of the flame.
  • Another aspect of the burner of the invention is its capability to utilize a truly staged air tile formation, whereby secondary air is mixed into the premixed portion of the flame at its peripheral tip.
  • the NO x can be further impeded by the mixing mechanics of this secondary air tile as it stages the air out instead of allowing the secondary air to come into contact with the base of the premixed flame envelope.
  • the burner may be provided with one or more, preferably several, and ideally eight or more radially extending ports 100 in the wall of the centrally disposed tube 34 which provides a conduit for delivering the central air/fuel mixture to the burner tip.
  • These ports 100 communicate with the space 102 surrounding the tube 34 whereby a portion of the air/fuel mixture flows through the ports 100 and becomes admixed with secondary air flowing along the outside of the tube 34 toward the combustion zone 20.
  • the admixture thus formed may generally be too lean to support a conventional flame; however, low temperature oxidation thereof occurs at face 174 of the burner tile 104, whereby NO x emissions are minimized.
  • the already lean air/fuel mixture 152 escaping from the central tube 34 through the ports 100 is able to become thoroughly admixed with secondary air flowing in the direction of the arrows 154 along the outside of tube 34 to present an ultra lean admixture well before the latter reaches the face 174 of the tile.
  • This ultra lean admixture undergoes low temperature oxidation without conventional flame on the face of the tile.
  • the products of this low temperature oxidation are then entrained into the main flame 150 created at the discharge nozzle 36 and provide a quenching, cooling effect to thereby reduce NO x in the main flame.
  • the overall effect provides in a reduction of NO x emissions to a level well below 10 parts per million on a volumetric basis (ppmv). In accordance with the principles and concepts of the present invention, NO x emissions below 5 ppmv can be achieved consistently.
  • ultra low NO x emissions may be achieved in conjunction with a tile designed to facilitate flameless combustion of the prestaged ultra lean admixture while maintaining separation of the latter from the main flame until a appropriate product mix is achieved to dilute and cool the main flame so as to lower emissions therein.
  • This stream must pass then pass through the highly radiant tile section that is capable of accelerating the kinetics of the gas and causing a rapid oxidation of the fuel even though it is below its flammability limits.
  • this stream is then remixed with the main premixed air and gas stream that is exiting the main burner tip and is just within its flammability limits.
  • the main premix stream sustains and stabilizes the combustion.
  • the oxidized stream has a quenching effect on the main flame, lowering its theoretical temperature by putting a heat load on the flame by means of extra mass.
  • the ported nozzle arrangement may be used in conjunction with a specially ported version of a tile that is adapted to recirculate flue gas which may then be used instead of secondary air to dilute the ported primary air/fuel mixture.
  • a specially ported version of a tile that is adapted to recirculate flue gas which may then be used instead of secondary air to dilute the ported primary air/fuel mixture.
  • Such an arrangement also may be used to provide and maintain a lean premix behind the tile assuring that combustion which would be detrimental to the burner tip does not take place.
  • the spin off to this is the loading of the flame that helps to lower the theoretical temperature of the flame much more than is typically seen in burner designs.
  • the flameless combustion zone may be controlled and kept separate from the main flame until most of the initial oxidation is complete.
  • the concepts and principles of the present invention add a new twist to an already evolving technology.
  • the creation of a flameless combustion zone (lean premixed) coupled with specific tile designs to control and stabilize the combustion process operate together to provide low NO x without the use of flue gas recirculation and/or other dilution methods for reducing flame temperature.
  • the burner of Figs. 15, 16 and 17 provides single digit NO x numbers in what may be considered “within the parts that are usually included in a conventional burner". By adding the flameless combustion zone behind the main flame, new ground has been broken in addressing what is considered the "prompt NO x regime" of NO x production.
  • shorter flame patterns are possible especially when the fuel comprises heavy hydrocarbons; larger turn down ratios are possible on high hydrogen fuels, particularly when an internal baffle is utilized; much lower noise is experienced around a burner with multiple ports and small jets; either cupped or flat tiles may be utilized interchangeably; staged air tile design allows for NO x adjustment while running; burner adjustment capabilities in the tile allow for NO x adjustment; tips are easily removed and serviced by design; and the direction of the staged jets at turndown help to stabilize the primary flame.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
EP04075208A 2000-03-13 2001-03-12 Brûleur mural à rayonnement et à faible émission de NOx Ceased EP1426683A3 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06076085A EP1703204A3 (fr) 2000-03-13 2001-03-12 Brûleur mural à rayonnement et à faible émission de NOx

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US18880700P 2000-03-13 2000-03-13
US188807P 2000-03-13
US20840400P 2000-05-31 2000-05-31
US208404P 2000-05-31
EP01914795A EP1175582B1 (fr) 2000-03-13 2001-03-12 BRULEUR MURAL A RAYONNEMENT ET A FAIBLE EMISSION DE NOx

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01914795A Division EP1175582B1 (fr) 2000-03-13 2001-03-12 BRULEUR MURAL A RAYONNEMENT ET A FAIBLE EMISSION DE NOx

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06076085A Division EP1703204A3 (fr) 2000-03-13 2001-03-12 Brûleur mural à rayonnement et à faible émission de NOx

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1426683A2 true EP1426683A2 (fr) 2004-06-09
EP1426683A3 EP1426683A3 (fr) 2004-09-01

Family

ID=32314720

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04075208A Ceased EP1426683A3 (fr) 2000-03-13 2001-03-12 Brûleur mural à rayonnement et à faible émission de NOx

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1426683A3 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107339690A (zh) * 2017-07-31 2017-11-10 江苏科行环保科技有限公司 氧化铝焙烧炉及其轴向空气分级燃烧方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE941679C (de) * 1943-11-06 1956-04-19 Koppers Gmbh Heinrich Gasbrenner zur wahlweisen Verbrennung von Starkgas und Schwachgas
US4257762A (en) * 1978-09-05 1981-03-24 John Zink Company Multi-fuel gas burner using preheated forced draft air
US4402666A (en) * 1980-12-09 1983-09-06 John Zink Company Forced draft radiant wall fuel burner
US5271729A (en) * 1991-11-21 1993-12-21 Selas Corporation Of America Inspirated staged combustion burner
US5813846A (en) * 1997-04-02 1998-09-29 North American Manufacturing Company Low NOx flat flame burner

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE941679C (de) * 1943-11-06 1956-04-19 Koppers Gmbh Heinrich Gasbrenner zur wahlweisen Verbrennung von Starkgas und Schwachgas
US4257762A (en) * 1978-09-05 1981-03-24 John Zink Company Multi-fuel gas burner using preheated forced draft air
US4402666A (en) * 1980-12-09 1983-09-06 John Zink Company Forced draft radiant wall fuel burner
US5271729A (en) * 1991-11-21 1993-12-21 Selas Corporation Of America Inspirated staged combustion burner
US5813846A (en) * 1997-04-02 1998-09-29 North American Manufacturing Company Low NOx flat flame burner

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107339690A (zh) * 2017-07-31 2017-11-10 江苏科行环保科技有限公司 氧化铝焙烧炉及其轴向空气分级燃烧方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1426683A3 (fr) 2004-09-01

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