EP1415352A1 - Transparent flat body - Google Patents

Transparent flat body

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Publication number
EP1415352A1
EP1415352A1 EP02794483A EP02794483A EP1415352A1 EP 1415352 A1 EP1415352 A1 EP 1415352A1 EP 02794483 A EP02794483 A EP 02794483A EP 02794483 A EP02794483 A EP 02794483A EP 1415352 A1 EP1415352 A1 EP 1415352A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
active layer
photovoltaic element
layer
electrode layers
layers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02794483A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Christoph Brabec
Erhard GLÖTZL
Franz Padinger
Sariciftci Sedar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Konarka Austria Forschungs- und Entwicklungs GmbH
Original Assignee
Konarka Austria Forschungs- und Entwicklungs GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Konarka Austria Forschungs- und Entwicklungs GmbH filed Critical Konarka Austria Forschungs- und Entwicklungs GmbH
Publication of EP1415352A1 publication Critical patent/EP1415352A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H01L31/0488—Double glass encapsulation, e.g. photovoltaic cells arranged between front and rear glass sheets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
    • G02F1/13324—Circuits comprising solar cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • Translucent flat bodies such as those formed by liquid crystal displays or window panes which are controllable in terms of their translucency, have an active layer which changes their translucency in an electric field between two electrode layers which may be divided into sections, via which the electric field required for controlling the active layer is applied at least in sections.
  • the essentially layer-parallel liquid crystal molecules form nematic rotating cells, the liquid crystal molecules rotating in the direction of the field when an electrical field is applied and returning from the field-oriented state to the twisted structure after the electrical voltage has been switched off.
  • polarization filters on both cover layers of the active layer, the field-oriented state can be sorption can be made visible.
  • Electrochromic active layers are based on the interaction of two colorless or only weakly colored, on the one hand oxidizable and on the other hand reducible substances, one of which is reduced under the influence of an electrical voltage and the other is oxidized, at least one of these substances becoming colored. After switching off the voltage, the two original redox substances re-form, with a decolorization or color brightening.
  • the translucent flat body itself can serve as a support for the photovoltaic element, so that the photovoltaic element can extend over the entire area of the translucent flat body. In this way, even with a comparatively low efficiency of the energy conversion, sufficient electrical energy can be made available for controlling the active layer of the translucent flat body.
  • the design effort remains low because one of the two electrode layers of the active layer of the translucent flat body is used as an electrode for the photovoltaic element, the photoactive layer of which is thus built up on the one electrode layer of the translucent flat body.

Abstract

The invention relates to a transparent flat body comprising two transparent covering layers (1, 2) which enclose an active layer (3) between two electrode layers (6, 7) which are optionally divided into sections, the transparency of said active layer varying in an electric field, and a photovoltaic element (5) connected to the electrode layers (6, 7) preferably by at least one control stage (11) comprising a photoactive layer (4) between two electrode layers (6, 8). In order to provide a simple construction, the photoactive layer (4) of the photovoltaic element (5) is made from two transparent molecular components in a manner known per se, one of the two electrode layers (6, 7) of the active layer (3) is made from one of the electrode layers (6, 8) of the photovoltaic element (5) and both transparent covering layers (1, 2) enclose between the photovoltaic element (5) and the active layer (3).

Description

Lichtdurchlässiger FlachkörperTranslucent flat body
Technisches GebietTechnical field
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen lichtdurchlässigen Flachkörper mit zwei transparenten Deckschichten, die zwischen sich eine in einem elektrischen Feld ihre Lichtdurchlässigkeit ändernde Aktivschicht zwischen zwei gegebenenfalls in Abschnitte unterteilte Elektrodenschichten einschließen, und mit einem vorzugsweise über eine Steuerstufe an die Elektrodenschichten angeschlossenen photovoltaischen Element, das eine photoaktive Schicht zwischen zwei Elektrodenschichten aufweist.The invention relates to a light-transmissive flat body with two transparent cover layers, which enclose between them an active layer that changes their light transmission in an electrical field between two electrode layers, which may be divided into sections, and with a photovoltaic element, preferably connected via a control stage to the electrode layers, the one has photoactive layer between two electrode layers.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Lichtdurchlässige Flachkörper, wie sie durch Flüssigkristallanzeigen oder in ihrer Lichtdurchlässigkeit steuerbare Fensterscheiben gebildet werden, weisen eine in einem elektrischen Feld ihre Lichtdurchlässigkeit ändernde Aktivschicht zwischen zwei gegebenenfalls in Abschnitte unterteilte Elektrodenschichten auf, über die das zur Steuerung der Aktivschicht erforderliche elektrische Feld zumindest abschnittsweise aufgebracht wird. Beim Einsatz von Flüssigkristallen bilden die im wesentlichen schichtparallelen Flüssigkristallmoleküle nemati- sche Drehzellen, wobei sich die Flüssigkristallmoleküle beim Anlegen eines elektrischen Feldes in die Feldrichtung drehen und nach dem Abschalten der elektrischen Spannung aus dem feldorientierten Zustand wieder in die verdrillte Struktur zurückkehren. Durch den Einsatz von Polarisationsfiltern auf beiden Deckschichten der Aktivschicht kann der feldorientierte Zustand durch Lichtab- sorption sichtbar gemacht werden. Elektrochrome Aktivschichten beruhen hingegen auf dem Zusammenwirken von zwei farblosen oder nur schwach gefärbten, einerseits oxidierbaren und anderseits reduzierbaren Substanzen, von denen die eine unter Einfluß einer elektrischen Spannung reduziert und die andere oxidiert wird, wobei wenigstens eine dieser Substanzen farbig wird. Nach dem Abschalten der Spannung bilden sich die beiden ursprünglichen Redoxsubstanzen wieder zurück, und zwar unter einer Entfärbung bzw. Farbaufhellung. Da zum Aufbau des elektrischen Feldes zur Steuerung der Lichtdurchlässigkeit der Aktivschicht vergleichsweise geringe elektrische Energien unabhängig vom Aufbau der Aktivschicht erforderlich sind, bieten sich für die Energieversorgung photovoltaische Elemente an, zumal aufgrund der Lichtempfindlichkeit photovoltaischer Elemente eine einfache selbständige Steuerung der Lichtdurchlässigkeit der Aktivschicht verwirklicht werden kann. Nachteilig bei den hiefür zum Einsatz kommenden photovoltaischen Elementen ist, daß sie eine ausreichend große Aufnahmefläche für eine Lichtstrahlung aufweisen müssen, um die erforderliche Energieversorgung sicherzustellen. Der hiefür erforderliche Platzbedarf steigt mit sinkendem Wirkungsgrad. Dies gilt insbesondere für photovoltaische Elemente, deren photoaktive Schicht nicht in herkömmlicher Weise auf Silizium, sondern auf konjugierte Kunststoffe aufgebaut ist, bei denen abwechselnd Einfach- und Doppelbindungen aufeinanderfolgen. Dabei ergeben sich hinsichtlich der Elektronenenergie mit Halbleitern vergleichbare Energiebänder, so daß sie durch ein Dotieren vom nichtleitenden in den metallisch leitenden Zustand überführt werden können. Zur Verbesserung des Wirkungsgrades der Energieumwandlung von photovoltaischen Polymerzellen aus einem konjugierten Polymer ist es bekannt (US 5 670 791 A), die photoaktive Schicht aus zwei molekularen Komponenten aufzubauen, nämlich einer konjugierten Polymerkomponente als Elektronendonator und einem Fulleren als Elektronenakzeptor. Durch diese Maßnahme konnte die sonst übliche Ladungsträgerrekombination weitgehend vermieden werden, was zwar zu einer erheblichen Steigerung des Wirkungsgrades führt, der jedoch im Vergleich zu photovoltaischen Elementen auf Siliziumbasis noch immer gering ausfällt. Darstellung der ErfindungTranslucent flat bodies, such as those formed by liquid crystal displays or window panes which are controllable in terms of their translucency, have an active layer which changes their translucency in an electric field between two electrode layers which may be divided into sections, via which the electric field required for controlling the active layer is applied at least in sections. When liquid crystals are used, the essentially layer-parallel liquid crystal molecules form nematic rotating cells, the liquid crystal molecules rotating in the direction of the field when an electrical field is applied and returning from the field-oriented state to the twisted structure after the electrical voltage has been switched off. By using polarization filters on both cover layers of the active layer, the field-oriented state can be sorption can be made visible. Electrochromic active layers, on the other hand, are based on the interaction of two colorless or only weakly colored, on the one hand oxidizable and on the other hand reducible substances, one of which is reduced under the influence of an electrical voltage and the other is oxidized, at least one of these substances becoming colored. After switching off the voltage, the two original redox substances re-form, with a decolorization or color brightening. Since comparatively small electrical energies are required to build up the electrical field to control the light transmission of the active layer, regardless of the structure of the active layer, photovoltaic elements are suitable for the energy supply, especially since the light sensitivity of photovoltaic elements enables simple, independent control of the light transmission of the active layer , A disadvantage of the photovoltaic elements used for this is that they must have a sufficiently large receiving area for light radiation in order to ensure the required energy supply. The space required for this increases with decreasing efficiency. This applies in particular to photovoltaic elements whose photoactive layer is not conventionally based on silicon, but on conjugated plastics, in which single and double bonds alternate. This results in energy bands comparable to semiconductors in terms of electron energy, so that they can be converted from the non-conductive to the metallic conductive state by doping. To improve the efficiency of the energy conversion of photovoltaic polymer cells from a conjugated polymer, it is known (US Pat. No. 5,670,791 A) to construct the photoactive layer from two molecular components, namely a conjugated polymer component as an electron donor and a fullerene as an electron acceptor. This measure largely avoided the otherwise usual charge carrier recombination, which does lead to a considerable increase in efficiency, but which is still low in comparison to silicon-based photovoltaic elements. Presentation of the invention
Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen lichtdurchlässigen Flachkörper der eingangs geschilderten Art über ein photovoltaisches Element mit der für die Steuerung der Aktivschicht erforderlichen Energie zu versorgen, und zwar mit einem vergleichsweise geringen Konstruktionsaufwand, ohne zusätzlichen Platz für die Anordnung des photovoltaischen Elementes vorsehen zu müssen.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a translucent flat body of the type described above via a photovoltaic element with the energy required for controlling the active layer, with a comparatively low design effort, without providing additional space for the arrangement of the photovoltaic element have to.
Die Erfindung löst die gestellte Aufgabe dadurch, daß die photoaktive Schicht des photovoltaischen Elementes in an sich bekannter Weise aus zwei lichtdurchlässigen molekularen Komponenten besteht, daß eine der beiden Elektrodenschichten der Aktivschicht zugleich eine der Elektrodenschichten des photovoltaischen Elementes ist und daß die beiden transparenten Deckschichten sowohl das photovoltaische Element als auch die Aktivschicht zwischen sich einschließen.The invention solves this problem in that the photoactive layer of the photovoltaic element consists in a known manner of two translucent molecular components, that one of the two electrode layers of the active layer is also one of the electrode layers of the photovoltaic element and that the two transparent cover layers both Include photovoltaic element as well as the active layer between them.
Da ein photovoltaisches Element mit einer photoaktiven Schicht aus zwei lichtdurchlässigen molekularen Komponenten als Elektronendonator und Elektronenakzeptor zum Einsatz kommt, kann der lichtdurchlässige Flachkörper selbst als Träger für das photovoltaische Element dienen, so daß sich das photovoltaische Element über die gesamte Fläche des lichtdurchlässigen Flachkörpers erstrecken kann. Damit kann auch bei einem vergleichsweise geringen Wirkungsgrad der Energieumwandlung eine für die Steuerung der Aktivschicht des lichtdurchlässigen Flachkörpers ausreichende elektrische Energie zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Trotz des vergleichsweise großflächigen photovoltaischen Elementes bleibt der Konstruktionsaufwand gering, weil eine der beiden Elektrodenschichten der Aktivschicht des lichtdurchlässigen Flachkörpers als Elektrode für das photovoltaische Element genützt wird, dessen photoaktive Schicht somit auf der einen Elektrodenschicht des lichtdurchlässigen Flachkörpers aufgebaut wird. Dies bedeutet, daß nicht nur transparente Deckschichten zwischen der Aktivschicht des lichtdurchlässigen Flachkörpers und der photoaktiven Schicht des photovoltaischen Elementes über- flüssig werden, sondern auch der erhebliche Aufwand zum Herstellen einer gesonderten Elektrodenschicht für das photovoltaische Element auf der Seite der Aktivschicht des lichtdurchlässigen Flachkörpers entfallen kann. Sowohl die Aktivschicht des lichtdurchlässigen Flachkörpers als auch die photoaktive Schicht des photovoltaischen Elementes werden zwischen zwei gemeinsamen, transparenten Deckschichten eingeschlossen, was wiederum eine gemeinsame Versiegelung des lichtdurchlässigen Flachkörpers und des photovoltaischen Elementes erlaubt.Since a photovoltaic element with a photoactive layer of two translucent molecular components is used as an electron donor and electron acceptor, the translucent flat body itself can serve as a support for the photovoltaic element, so that the photovoltaic element can extend over the entire area of the translucent flat body. In this way, even with a comparatively low efficiency of the energy conversion, sufficient electrical energy can be made available for controlling the active layer of the translucent flat body. Despite the comparatively large-area photovoltaic element, the design effort remains low because one of the two electrode layers of the active layer of the translucent flat body is used as an electrode for the photovoltaic element, the photoactive layer of which is thus built up on the one electrode layer of the translucent flat body. This means that not only transparent cover layers between the active layer of the translucent flat body and the photoactive layer of the photovoltaic element become liquid, but also the considerable effort for producing a separate electrode layer for the photovoltaic element on the side of the active layer of the translucent flat body can be eliminated. Both the active layer of the translucent flat body and the photoactive layer of the photovoltaic element are enclosed between two common, transparent cover layers, which in turn allows a common sealing of the translucent flat body and the photovoltaic element.
Da im allgemeinen die Energieversorgung des hinsichtlich seiner Lichtdurchlässigkeit steuerbaren Flachkörpers unabhängig von der jeweils gewählten Lichtdurchlässigkeit sichergestellt sein soll, empfiehlt es sich, das photovoltaische Element auf der einer Lichtquelle zugekehrten Seite der Aktivschicht anzuordnen.Since in general the energy supply of the flat body which can be controlled with regard to its light transmission is to be ensured independently of the light transmission chosen in each case, it is advisable to arrange the photovoltaic element on the side of the active layer facing a light source.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungBrief description of the drawing
In der Zeichnung ist der Erfindungsgegenstand beispielsweise dargestellt, und zwar wird ein erfindungsgemäßer lichtdurchlässiger Flachkörper in einem schematischen Querschnitt gezeigt.In the drawing, the subject matter of the invention is shown, for example, namely that a transparent flat body according to the invention is shown in a schematic cross section.
Bester Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungBest way to carry out the invention
Der lichtdurchlässige Flachkörper weist gemäß dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel zwei transparente Deckschichten 1 , 2 aus Glas oder Kunststoff auf, die zwischen sich einerseits eine Aktivschicht 3 zur Steuerung der Lichtdurchlässigkeit und anderseits eine photoaktive Schicht 4 eines photovoltaischen Elementes 5 einschließen. Die Aktivschicht 3 kann dabei in üblicher Weise als elektrochrome Schicht aufgebaut sein, die zwischen zwei anliegenden Elektrodenschichten 6 und 7 einem elektrischen Feld ausgesetzt werden kann, über das die Lichtdurchlässigkeit der Aktivschicht 3 gesteuert wird. Diese Elektrodenschichten 6 und 7 bestehen vorzugsweise aus einem Indium-Zinn- Oxid (ITO), wobei jedoch im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen, bezüglich ihrer Lichtdurchlässigkeit steuerbaren Flachkörpern, insbesondere Fensterscheiben, nur eine der beiden Elektrodenschichten 6, 7 auf eine transparente Deckschicht 1 aufgebracht ist. Die der Deckschicht 1 abgekehrte Elektrodenschicht 6 ist nämlich zugleich Elektrodenschicht für das photovoltaische Element 5, dessen andere Elektrodenschicht 8 der Deckschicht 2 zugeordnet ist. Die photoaktive Schicht 4 des photovoltaischen Elementes 5, das mehrschichtig aufgebaut sein kann, besteht aus einem konjugierten Polymer als Elektronendonator und einem Fulleren als Elektronenakzeptor. Während die lochsammelnde Elektrodenschicht 6 aus einem transparenten, leitfähigen Oxid besteht, kann die elektronensammelnde Elektrodenschicht 8 des photovoltaischen Elementes 5 aus Aluminium bestehen, das auf die photoaktive Schicht 4 aufgedampft wird. Aufgrund der geringen Schichtdicke ist auch die metallische Elektrodenschicht 8 lichtdurchlässig.According to the exemplary embodiment shown, the translucent flat body has two transparent cover layers 1, 2 made of glass or plastic, which between them include on the one hand an active layer 3 for controlling the light transmittance and on the other hand a photoactive layer 4 of a photovoltaic element 5. The active layer 3 can be constructed in the usual way as an electrochromic layer, which can be exposed to an electrical field between two adjacent electrode layers 6 and 7, via which the light transmittance of the active layer 3 is controlled. These electrode layers 6 and 7 preferably consist of an indium tin oxide (ITO), but in contrast to conventional ones, with regard to their Translucent controllable flat bodies, in particular window panes, only one of the two electrode layers 6, 7 is applied to a transparent cover layer 1. The electrode layer 6 facing away from the cover layer 1 is namely at the same time an electrode layer for the photovoltaic element 5, the other electrode layer 8 of which is assigned to the cover layer 2. The photoactive layer 4 of the photovoltaic element 5, which can be constructed in multiple layers, consists of a conjugated polymer as an electron donor and a fullerene as an electron acceptor. While the hole-collecting electrode layer 6 consists of a transparent, conductive oxide, the electron-collecting electrode layer 8 of the photovoltaic element 5 can consist of aluminum, which is evaporated onto the photoactive layer 4. Because of the small layer thickness, the metallic electrode layer 8 is also translucent.
Mit der Anregung des konjugierten Polymers durch eingestrahltes Licht werden Elektronen an das Fulleren der photoaktiven Schicht 4 abgegeben, was zu einem entsprechenden Spannungsaufbau führt. Da die Elektrodenschicht 8 über einen elektrischen Anschluß 9 mit dem elektrischen Anschluß 10 der Elektrodenschicht 7 der Aktivschicht 3 elektrisch verbunden ist, bedingt der Spannungsaufbau in der photoaktiven Schicht 4 aufgrund der gemeinsamen Elektrodenschicht 6 ein elektrisches Feld zwischen den Elektrodenschichten 6 und 7, das die chemische Reaktion der Redoxsubstanzen der Aktivschicht 3 und damit deren Farbverhalten steuert. Zur Beeinflussung dieser Steuerung kann in die elektrische Verbindung der beiden elektrischen Anschlüsse 9 und 10 eine entsprechende Steuerstufe 11 eingeschaltet werden.When the conjugated polymer is excited by irradiated light, electrons are released to the fullerene of the photoactive layer 4, which leads to a corresponding build-up of voltage. Since the electrode layer 8 is electrically connected via an electrical connection 9 to the electrical connection 10 of the electrode layer 7 of the active layer 3, the voltage build-up in the photoactive layer 4 due to the common electrode layer 6 causes an electrical field between the electrode layers 6 and 7, which is the chemical one Reaction of the redox substances of the active layer 3 and thus controls their color behavior. To influence this control, a corresponding control stage 11 can be switched into the electrical connection of the two electrical connections 9 and 10.
Wird die Aktivschicht 3 nicht aus elektrochromen Substanzen aufgebaut, sondern auf der Basis von Flüssigkristallen erstellt, so ändert sich zwar die Wirkungsweise der Aktivschicht 3, nicht aber deren Ansteuerung über das photovoltaische Element 5. Die Deckschichten 1 und 2 müssen allerdings mit entsprechenden Polarisationsschichten 12 und 13 versehen werden, wie dies in der Zeichnung strichpunktiert angedeutet ist, um die Ausrichtung der Flüssig- kristallmoleküle in Richtung des elektrischen Feldes für die Abschattung des lichtdurchlässigen Flachkörpers ausnützen zu können.If the active layer 3 is not built up from electrochromic substances, but is created on the basis of liquid crystals, the mode of operation of the active layer 3 changes, but not its activation via the photovoltaic element 5. The cover layers 1 and 2 must, however, have corresponding polarization layers 12 and 13 are provided, as indicated by dash-dotted lines in the drawing, in order to align the liquid To be able to use crystal molecules in the direction of the electric field for shading the translucent flat body.
Obwohl in der Zeichnung der lichtdurchlässige Flachkörper in Form einer Fensterscheibe dargestellt ist, ist die Erfindung nicht auf diese Ausführungsform beschränkt, sondern kann auch im Zusammenhang mit einer Flüssigkristallanzeige eingesetzt werden. Zu diesem Zweck ist die Elektrodenschicht 7 entsprechend zu unterteilen und die Teile getrennt voneinander anzusteuern, um durch die dadurch bedingte Ansteuerung einzelner Flüssigkristallzellen der in einem Matrixmuster angeordneten Flüssigkristallzellen der Aktivschicht 3 eine Anzeige zu erhalten.Although the translucent flat body is shown in the form of a window pane in the drawing, the invention is not limited to this embodiment, but can also be used in connection with a liquid crystal display. For this purpose, the electrode layer 7 is to be subdivided accordingly and the parts are to be actuated separately from one another in order to obtain a display as a result of the activation of individual liquid crystal cells of the liquid crystal cells of the active layer 3 arranged in a matrix pattern.
Durch die Kombination einer Aktivschicht 3 zur Steuerung der Lichtdurchlässigkeit mit einem photovoltaischen Element 5 zur Energieversorgung der Steuerung der Aktivschicht 3 in einem gemeinsamen, lichtdurchlässigen Flachkörper werden einfache Konstruktionsverhältnisse geschaffen, die die gemeinsame Nutzung einer Elektrodenschicht 6 zwischen der Aktivschicht 3 und der photoaktiven Schicht 4 sowie der transparenten Deckschichten 1 und 2 für die beiden Schichten 3 und 4 ermöglichen. Außerdem können die beiden Schichten 3 und 4 gemeinsam versiegelt werden, weil ja lediglich der randseitige Spalt zwischen den Deckschichten 1 und 2 über eine Dichtung 14 abzudichten ist. Der gegenseitige Abstand der Deckschichten 1 und 2 kann über Abstandhalter 15 sichergestellt werden, die vorzugsweise die elektrischen Anschlüsse 9 und 10 tragen. By combining an active layer 3 for controlling the light transmittance with a photovoltaic element 5 for supplying energy for the control of the active layer 3 in a common, translucent flat body, simple constructional relationships are created which allow the common use of an electrode layer 6 between the active layer 3 and the photoactive layer 4 and enable the transparent cover layers 1 and 2 for the two layers 3 and 4. In addition, the two layers 3 and 4 can be sealed together, because only the edge-side gap between the cover layers 1 and 2 is to be sealed by means of a seal 14. The mutual spacing of the cover layers 1 and 2 can be ensured by spacers 15, which preferably carry the electrical connections 9 and 10.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims
1. Lichtdurchlässiger Flachkörper mit zwei transparenten Deckschichten, die zwischen sich eine in einem elektrischen Feld ihre Lichtdurchlässigkeit ändernde Aktivschicht zwischen zwei gegebenenfalls in Abschnitte unterteilte Elektrodenschichten einschließen, und mit einem vorzugsweise über eine Steuerstufe an die Elektrodenschichten angeschlossenen photovoltaischen Element, das eine photoaktive Schicht zwischen zwei Elektrodenschichten aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die photoaktive Schicht (4) des photovoltaischen Elementes (5) in an sich bekannter Weise aus zwei lichtdurchlässigen molekularen Komponenten besteht, daß eine der beiden Elektrodenschichten (6, 7) der Aktivschicht (3) zugleich eine der Elektrodenschichten (6, 8) des photovoltaischen Elementes (5) ist und daß die beiden transparenten Deckschichten (1 , 2) sowohl das photovoltaische Element (5) als auch die Aktivschicht (3) zwischen sich einschließen.1.Transparent flat body with two transparent cover layers which enclose an active layer which changes its light transmittance in an electrical field between two electrode layers which may be divided into sections, and with a photovoltaic element which is preferably connected via a control stage to the electrode layers and which has a photoactive layer between two Has electrode layers, characterized in that the photoactive layer (4) of the photovoltaic element (5) consists in a manner known per se of two translucent molecular components, that one of the two electrode layers (6, 7) of the active layer (3) also one of the electrode layers (6, 8) of the photovoltaic element (5) and that the two transparent cover layers (1, 2) enclose both the photovoltaic element (5) and the active layer (3) between them.
2. Lichtdurchlässiger Flachkörper nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das photovoltaische Element (5) auf der einer Lichtquelle zugekehrten Seite der Aktivschicht (3) angeordnet ist. 2. Translucent flat body according to claim 1, characterized in that the photovoltaic element (5) is arranged on the side of the active layer (3) facing a light source.
EP02794483A 2001-08-07 2002-05-31 Transparent flat body Withdrawn EP1415352A1 (en)

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AT123101 2001-08-07
AT0123101A AT409902B (en) 2001-08-07 2001-08-07 Transparent flat body e.g. for panel comprising LCD or window pane having controllable transparency, has active layer between two electrodes enclosed by covering layer
PCT/AT2002/000166 WO2003015189A1 (en) 2001-08-07 2002-05-31 Transparent flat body

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AT409902B (en) 2002-12-27
WO2003015189A1 (en) 2003-02-20

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