EP1415095A1 - Control device for the continuous drive of a hydraulic pilot motor - Google Patents

Control device for the continuous drive of a hydraulic pilot motor

Info

Publication number
EP1415095A1
EP1415095A1 EP01974163A EP01974163A EP1415095A1 EP 1415095 A1 EP1415095 A1 EP 1415095A1 EP 01974163 A EP01974163 A EP 01974163A EP 01974163 A EP01974163 A EP 01974163A EP 1415095 A1 EP1415095 A1 EP 1415095A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
throttle
piston
bore
control device
annular gap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01974163A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1415095B1 (en
Inventor
JÖrg Linser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch Automotive Steering GmbH
Original Assignee
ZF Lenksysteme GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ZF Lenksysteme GmbH filed Critical ZF Lenksysteme GmbH
Publication of EP1415095A1 publication Critical patent/EP1415095A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1415095B1 publication Critical patent/EP1415095B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/006—Hydraulic "Wheatstone bridge" circuits, i.e. with four nodes, P-A-T-B, and on-off or proportional valves in each link
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • F15B13/0401—Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor
    • F15B13/0405—Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor for seat valves, i.e. poppet valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • F15B13/042—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor operated by fluid pressure
    • F15B13/043—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor operated by fluid pressure with electrically-controlled pilot valves
    • F15B13/0433—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor operated by fluid pressure with electrically-controlled pilot valves the pilot valves being pressure control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/3056—Assemblies of multiple valves
    • F15B2211/30565—Assemblies of multiple valves having multiple valves for a single output member, e.g. for creating higher valve function by use of multiple valves like two 2/2-valves replacing a 5/3-valve
    • F15B2211/30575—Assemblies of multiple valves having multiple valves for a single output member, e.g. for creating higher valve function by use of multiple valves like two 2/2-valves replacing a 5/3-valve in a Wheatstone Bridge arrangement (also half bridges)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/32—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation
    • F15B2211/329—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation actuated by fluid pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/35—Directional control combined with flow control
    • F15B2211/351—Flow control by regulating means in feed line, i.e. meter-in control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/35—Directional control combined with flow control
    • F15B2211/353—Flow control by regulating means in return line, i.e. meter-out control

Definitions

  • Control device for the continuous movement of a hydraulic servomotor
  • Proportional valve arrangements such as those used as servo valve arrangements for actuating a hydraulic servomotor, e.g. used in the form of a working cylinder 27 ( Figure 1) can be composed of individual modules D1 to D4. These modules then form the four controllable throttle devices D1, D2, D3, D4 of a hydraulic bridge circuit shown in FIG. 1 in the form of pilot-controlled and pressure-proportional controlled closing valves.
  • FIG. 1 shows the switching principle of such a servo valve arrangement in the so-called open center version (version based on the principle of the open center) in the neutral position, in which all four throttle devices are open, so that a pump P from a tank T Pumped fluid can flow back to the tank T almost unhindered via the throttle devices.
  • Lines A and B lead from points A and B to work spaces a and b of the working cylinder 27, which are separated from one another by a working piston AK.
  • the pressure in both working spaces a, b is the same, so that the working piston AK remains at rest.
  • the invention relates to a controllable module (e.g. D1) or a pair of modules (e.g. D1 with D3).
  • a controllable module e.g. D1
  • a pair of modules e.g. D1 with D3
  • FIG. 2 such a module D1 basically consists of a housing bore 1 made in a valve block (housing G), in which a piston 3 can be moved axially back and forth.
  • a sealing element 4 on the piston circumference separates pressure chambers 2 and 5 from one another and at the same time acts as a low-friction guide for the piston 3 in the housing bore 1 a throttle needle 9 is moved into a throttle opening 8 by an actuating force.
  • This throttle opening 8 is located in a fixed disc 6, which is also in a housing G or can be integrated in a cover D and which together with the piston 3 and the housing bore 1 forms the pressure chamber 5.
  • the axial actuating force on the throttle needle 9 can be applied mechanically, electromotively, electromagnetically, hydraulically or pneumatically. Pushing the throttle needle 9 into the throttle opening 8 reduces the flow cross-section for the fluid flow flowing through a pre-throttle bore 12 via a channel 10 into a tank T. This throttling of the fluid flow builds up a higher pressure in the pressure chamber 5.
  • the piston 3 is moved in the direction of the annular gap 17. This reduces the width of the annular gap 17, which creates the connection from the inlet channel 14 to the outlet channel 13. As a result, the fluid pressure in the inlet channel 14 increases.
  • the fluid pressure in space 5 is proportional to the actuating force on throttle needle 9. This fluid pressure is in turn proportional to the fluid pressure in the inlet channel 14, which results in an overall proportionality between the actuating force acting on the throttle needle 9 and the fluid pressure generated in the inlet channel 14.
  • a hydraulic bridge circuit as is customary with servo valves, two such modules D1, D3 of a total of four modules are to perform the same closing function at the same time, cf. 3, they can be made almost identical and can be controlled together by the throttle unit of a module D1, consisting of throttle needle 9 and throttle opening 8.
  • a hydraulic connection is provided between, on the one hand, the pressure chamber 5 of a module D1 provided with a throttle unit and, on the other hand, the corresponding pressure chamber (53 in FIG. 4) of one or more other modules, which are then designed and controlled without a throttle unit and without a pre-throttle bore 12 become.
  • the hydraulic connection can preferably be in the form of an internal housing channel (1_3 in FIG. 4).
  • FIG. 4 shows the diagram of a servo valve arrangement designed in this way.
  • Figure 4 is based on the state shown in Figure 3, in which D1 and D3 are open, while D2 and D4 are closed, so that the pump pressure (pressure at the outlet of the pump P) via the open throttle device D1 in the direction of the arrow in the work area a of the working cylinder 27 acts on the working piston AK.
  • both throttle needles 9 and 92 hold the associated throttle openings 8, 82 in the neutral state closed.
  • the throttle needle 9 is moved to the left in order to open the throttle opening.
  • the throttle needles 9, 92 are pushed more or less into its throttle opening 8, 82 by an actuating force, while no actuating force acts on the other (passive) throttle needle, so that this throttle needle is outside their throttle opening remains.
  • the throttle needles swap their active or passive roles.
  • the throttle device D1 (and D3) is passive, the pressure conditions (taking into account the different sized pressurized areas on both sides of the piston 3) ensure that the annular gap 17 is wide open. Since D4 (and D2) (unlike in the neutral position according to FIG. 1) is almost closed, there is a pressure above the pressure in the tank T at point A, and pressure is exerted on the working piston AK in the working space a via the line LA in the direction of the arrow ,
  • D4 is almost closed? This is due to the fact that D2 is also almost closed and D4 is also controlled by D2, namely that the pressure chamber 52 of D2 is connected to the pressure chamber 54 of D4 via a channel 2_4, so that the same pressure prevails in both pressure chambers.
  • the throttle opening 82 of D2 was opened even more, so that fluid could flow relatively unhindered from the pump P via the inlet channel 142 through a pre-throttle bore 122 in the piston 32 and via the throttle opening 82 and the channel 2_T to the tank T. Then the throttle opening 82 was closed more tightly by moving the throttle needle 92 to the left. As a result, a higher pressure has built up in the pressure chamber 52, which has resulted in a displacement of the piston 32 to the left.
  • the spring elements 1 1 shown in Figure 2, which can also be replaced by a large (e.g. recessed) spring element 1 1a (shown in D4 in Figure 4) have the task in the neutral position, the piston 3 in this direction to press on the annular gap 17 that throttling the fluid flow in the annular gap 17 creates a predeterminable pressure difference which, when the throttling effect occurs at the throttle unit, consisting of throttle needle 9 and throttle opening 8, a compressive force on the end face 16 (FIG. 2) of the piston 3 enables that overcomes the friction of the sealing element 4. This friction is additionally overcome by the spring force of the spring element 1 1.
  • the throttle opening 8 is located in a disc 6 which forms the rear end of the pressure chamber 5.
  • the fluid flowing through the throttle opening 8 into the space 7 is returned through the line 10 in FIG. 2 (or 1_T in FIG. 4) into the tank T of the system.
  • FIG. 4 shows a switching position in which the module D2 and the module D4 are activated and are therefore brought into the “closed” position, as a result of which the fluid flow is led to the working space a of the working cylinder 27.
  • the modules D1 and D3 are not activated and are located therefore in the "open” position.
  • the pilot bores 12, 122 do not have to be arranged in the controllable throttle devices D1, D2, but instead can be located in the co-controlled throttle devices D3, D4: compare there the reference numerals 123 and 124. If in such a modified arrangement according to FIG. 4, the throttle device D2 is to be controlled from the open to the closed state, first a pilot fluid flow from the pump P via the inlet channel 14, the outlet channel 13, the pilot bore 124 in the piston of the throttle device D4, the connecting channel 2_4, the pressure chamber 52, Throttle opening 82, flow the connection channel 2_T to the tank T.
  • the throttle needle 92 is inserted into the throttle opening 82, the pressure in the pressure chamber 52 will rise and move the piston 32 in the closing direction. At the same time, the pressure in the pressure chamber 54 of D4 increases, so that the piston of D4 also moves in the closing direction.
  • the control device according to the invention is particularly suitable for hydraulic auxiliary or external power steering systems in the open center version because it solves the problem of undesired leakage when the annular gap 17 is fully open; however, it is also suitable for use in a closed center system.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Servomotors (AREA)

Abstract

In series between pump and tank are two throttle devices, one of which includes a controllable throttle valve having a piston, of which one side supports a valve head, which forms the boundary of an annular gap between an inflow duct and an outflow duct. A hydraulic control path extends from the inflow duct through the throttle opening to the tank, running through a precontrol bore in the piston. To prevent an unwanted leakage fluid stream, one end of the precontrol bore at the annular gap in the region of the inflow duct is positioned so that it remains opened for a closed annular gap, and the other end of the precontrol bore on the other side of the piston is arranged where the piston, in response to the controllable throttle valve being completely opened, pushes against a stop face and, in so doing, automatically closes this other end.

Description

Steuereinrichtung für die kontinuierliche Bewegung eines hydraulischen StellmotorsControl device for the continuous movement of a hydraulic servomotor
Proportionalventil-Anordnungen, wie sie beispielsweise als Servoventil-Anordnungen zur Betätigung eines hydraulischen Stellmotors z.B. in Form eines Arbeitszylinders 27 (Figur 1) eingesetzt werden, können aus einzelnen Modulen D1 bis D4 zusammengesetzt sein. Diese Module bilden dann in Form von vorgesteuerten und druckproportional gesteuerten Schließventilen die vier steuerbaren Drosseleinrichtungen D1 , D2, D3, D4 einer in Figur 1 dargestellten hydraulischen Brückenschaltung.Proportional valve arrangements, such as those used as servo valve arrangements for actuating a hydraulic servomotor, e.g. used in the form of a working cylinder 27 (Figure 1) can be composed of individual modules D1 to D4. These modules then form the four controllable throttle devices D1, D2, D3, D4 of a hydraulic bridge circuit shown in FIG. 1 in the form of pilot-controlled and pressure-proportional controlled closing valves.
Figur 1 zeigt das Schaltprinzip einer solchen Servoventil-Anordnung in der so genannten Open-Center-Ausführung (Ausführung nach dem Prinzip der offenen Mitte) in Neutralstellung, bei der alle vier Drosseleinrichtungen offen sind, so dass ein von einer Pumpe P aus einem Tank T gefördertes Fluid nahezu ungehindert über die Drosseleinrichtungen zu dem Tank T zurück fließen kann. Von den Punkten A und B führen Leitungen LA bzw. LB zu Arbeitsräumen a bzw. b des Arbeitszylinders 27, die durch einen Arbeitskolben AK voneinander getrennt sind. In der gezeigten Neutralstellung ist der Druck in beiden Arbeitsräumen a, b gleich groß, so dass der Arbeitskolben AK in Ruhe bleibt.FIG. 1 shows the switching principle of such a servo valve arrangement in the so-called open center version (version based on the principle of the open center) in the neutral position, in which all four throttle devices are open, so that a pump P from a tank T Pumped fluid can flow back to the tank T almost unhindered via the throttle devices. Lines A and B lead from points A and B to work spaces a and b of the working cylinder 27, which are separated from one another by a working piston AK. In the neutral position shown, the pressure in both working spaces a, b is the same, so that the working piston AK remains at rest.
Nicht alle Module D1 bis D4 müssen steuerbar sein. Um die Bewegung des Arbeitskolbens steuern zu können, genügt im Grunde genommen eine Reihenschaltung von zwei Drosseleinrichtungen D1 und D4, von denen eine steuerbar sein muss; dabei kann für den Arbeitskolben eine Feder vorgesehen sein, die ihn in eine Richtng drängt, oder der Arbeitsraum b kann auf einem anderweitig gesteuerten oder konstanten Druck gehalten sein, dessen Betrag zwischen dem Pumpendruck und dem Druck des Tanks (das ist meist der Atmosphärendruck) liegt.Not all modules D1 to D4 have to be controllable. In order to be able to control the movement of the working piston, a series connection of two throttle devices D1 and D4 is sufficient, one of which must be controllable; a spring can be provided for the working piston, which urges it in one direction, or the working space b can be kept at an otherwise controlled or constant pressure, the amount of which lies between the pump pressure and the pressure of the tank (this is usually the atmospheric pressure) ,
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen steuerbaren Modul (z. B. D1) oder ein Paar von Modulen (z. B. D1 mit D3). Gemäß Figur 2 besteht ein solcher Modul D1 grundsätzlich aus einer in einen Ventilblock (Gehäuse G) eingebrachten Gehäusebohrung 1, in der ein Kolben 3 axial hin- und herbewegt werden kann. Ein Dichtelement 4 auf dem Kolbenumfang trennt Druckräume 2 und 5 voneinander und wirkt gleichzeitig als reibungsarme Führung des Kolbens 3 in der Gehäusebohrung 1. Soll der durch Pfeile angedeutete Fluidstrom von einem Zulauf kanal 14 über einen Ringspalt 17 zu einem Ablauf kanal 13 vermindert oder ganz unterbrochen werden, wird eine Drosselnadel 9 durch eine Stellkraft in eine Drosselöffnung 8 bewegt. Diese Drosselöffnung 8 befindet sich in einer festgehaltenen Scheibe 6, die auch in ein Gehäuse G oder in einen Deckel D integriert sein kann und die zusammen mit dem Kolben 3 und der Gehäusebohrung 1 den Druckraum 5 bildet. Die axiale Stellkraft an der Drosselnadel 9 kann mechanisch, elektromotorisch, elektromagnetisch, hydraulisch oder pneumatisch aufgebracht werden. Das Einschieben der Drosselnadel 9 in die Drosselöffnung 8 verringert den Durchlaufquerschnitt für den durch eine Vordrosselbohrung 12 über einen Kanal 10 in einen Tank T strömenden Fluidstrom. Durch diese Drosselung des Fluidstroms baut sich im Druckraum 5 ein höherer Druck auf. Infolge des damit entstandenen Ungleichgewichts zwischen einerseits den Kräften, die auf die linke Seite des Kolbens 3 wirken, und andererseits den Kräften, die auf die rechte Seite des Kolbens 3 wirken, wird der Kolben 3 in Richtung auf den Ringspalt 17 bewegt. Dadurch verringert sich die Weite des Ringspalts 17, der die Verbindung vom Zulauf kanal 14 zum Ablauf kanal 13 herstellt. Infolgedessen nimmt der Fluiddruck im Zulaufkanal 14 zu. Der Fluiddruck im Raum 5 ist der Stellkraft an der Drosselnadel 9 proportional. Dieser Fluiddruck ist wiederum dem Fluiddruck im Zulauf kanal 14 proportional, wodurch sich insgesamt eine Proportionalität zwischen der an der Drosselnadel 9 wirkenden Stellkraft und dem im Zulauf kanal 14 erzeugten Fluiddruck einstellt.The invention relates to a controllable module (e.g. D1) or a pair of modules (e.g. D1 with D3). According to FIG. 2, such a module D1 basically consists of a housing bore 1 made in a valve block (housing G), in which a piston 3 can be moved axially back and forth. A sealing element 4 on the piston circumference separates pressure chambers 2 and 5 from one another and at the same time acts as a low-friction guide for the piston 3 in the housing bore 1 a throttle needle 9 is moved into a throttle opening 8 by an actuating force. This throttle opening 8 is located in a fixed disc 6, which is also in a housing G or can be integrated in a cover D and which together with the piston 3 and the housing bore 1 forms the pressure chamber 5. The axial actuating force on the throttle needle 9 can be applied mechanically, electromotively, electromagnetically, hydraulically or pneumatically. Pushing the throttle needle 9 into the throttle opening 8 reduces the flow cross-section for the fluid flow flowing through a pre-throttle bore 12 via a channel 10 into a tank T. This throttling of the fluid flow builds up a higher pressure in the pressure chamber 5. As a result of the resulting imbalance between the forces acting on the left side of the piston 3 on the one hand and the forces acting on the right side of the piston 3 on the other hand, the piston 3 is moved in the direction of the annular gap 17. This reduces the width of the annular gap 17, which creates the connection from the inlet channel 14 to the outlet channel 13. As a result, the fluid pressure in the inlet channel 14 increases. The fluid pressure in space 5 is proportional to the actuating force on throttle needle 9. This fluid pressure is in turn proportional to the fluid pressure in the inlet channel 14, which results in an overall proportionality between the actuating force acting on the throttle needle 9 and the fluid pressure generated in the inlet channel 14.
Wenn für die Funkion beispielsweise einer hydraulischen Brückenschaltung, wie sie bei Servoventilen üblich ist, zwei solcher Module D1 , D3 von insgesamt vier Modulen zeitgleich dieselbe Schließfunktion ausführen sollen, vgl. hierzu Figur 3, so können diese nahezu baugleich ausgeführt und gemeinsam von der Drosseleinheit eines Moduls D1 , bestehend aus Drosselnadel 9 und Drosselöffnung 8, gesteuert werden. Für diese gemeinsame Steuerung wird eine hydraulische Verbindung vorgesehen zwischen einerseits dem Druckraum 5 eines mit einer Drosseleinheit versehenen Moduls D1 und andererseits dem entsprechenden Druckraum (53 in Figur 4) eines oder mehrerer anderer Module, die dann ohne Drosseleinheit und ohne Vordrosselbohrung 12 ausgeführt sind und mitgesteuert werden. Die hydraulische Verbindung kann vorzugsweise in Form eines internen Gehäusekanals (1_3 in Figur 4) ausgeführt sein.If, for example, a hydraulic bridge circuit, as is customary with servo valves, two such modules D1, D3 of a total of four modules are to perform the same closing function at the same time, cf. 3, they can be made almost identical and can be controlled together by the throttle unit of a module D1, consisting of throttle needle 9 and throttle opening 8. For this common control, a hydraulic connection is provided between, on the one hand, the pressure chamber 5 of a module D1 provided with a throttle unit and, on the other hand, the corresponding pressure chamber (53 in FIG. 4) of one or more other modules, which are then designed and controlled without a throttle unit and without a pre-throttle bore 12 become. The hydraulic connection can preferably be in the form of an internal housing channel (1_3 in FIG. 4).
Figur 4 zeigt das Schema einer derart ausgeführten Servoventil-Anordnung. Figur 4 geht von dem in Figur 3 wiedergegebenen Zustand aus, bei dem D1 und D3 offen sind, während D2 und D4 geschlossen sind, so dass der Pumpendruck (Druck am Ausgang der Pumpe P) über die geöffnete Drosseleinrichtung D1 in Richtung des Pfeiles im Arbeitsraum a des Arbeitszylinders 27 auf den Arbeitskolben AK wirkt.FIG. 4 shows the diagram of a servo valve arrangement designed in this way. Figure 4 is based on the state shown in Figure 3, in which D1 and D3 are open, while D2 and D4 are closed, so that the pump pressure (pressure at the outlet of the pump P) via the open throttle device D1 in the direction of the arrow in the work area a of the working cylinder 27 acts on the working piston AK.
Bei Verwendung in einem Closed-C enter-System (System mit geschlossener Mitte) halten beide Drosselnadeln 9 und 92 im Neutralzustand die zugehörigen Drosselöffnungen 8, 82 geschlossen. Soll der Arbeitskolben AK beispielsweise nach rechts bewegt werden, dann wird die Drosselnadel 9 nach links bewegt, um die Drosselöffnung zu öffnen. Bei einem Open-Center-System wird immer nur eine (aktive) der Drosselnadeln 9, 92 durch eine Stellkraft mehr oder weniger in ihre Drosselöffnung 8, 82 geschoben, während auf die andere (passive) Drosselnadel keine Stellkraft wirkt, so dass diese Drosselnadel außerhalb ihrer Drosselöffnung bleibt. Je nachdem in welche Richtung der Arbeitskolben AK verschoben werden soll, vertauschen die Drosselnadeln ihre aktive bzw. passive Rolle.When used in a closed-C enter system (system with a closed center), both throttle needles 9 and 92 hold the associated throttle openings 8, 82 in the neutral state closed. For example, if the working piston AK is to be moved to the right, the throttle needle 9 is moved to the left in order to open the throttle opening. In an open center system, only one (active) of the throttle needles 9, 92 is pushed more or less into its throttle opening 8, 82 by an actuating force, while no actuating force acts on the other (passive) throttle needle, so that this throttle needle is outside their throttle opening remains. Depending on the direction in which the working piston AK is to be moved, the throttle needles swap their active or passive roles.
In Figur 4 ist die Drosseleinrichtung D1 (und D3) passiv, wobei die Druckverhältnisse (unter Berücksichtugung der unterschiedlich großen druckbeaufschlagten Flächen auf beiden Seiten des Kolbens 3) dafür sorgen, dass der Ringspalt 17 weit geöffnet ist. Da D4 (und D2) (anders als in der Neutralstellung nach Figur 1) nahezu geschlossen ist, herrscht am Punkt A ein Druck oberhalb des Druckes im Tank T, und über die Leitung LA wird im Arbeitsraum a Druck in Pfeilrichtung auf den Arbeitskolben AK ausgeübt.In Figure 4, the throttle device D1 (and D3) is passive, the pressure conditions (taking into account the different sized pressurized areas on both sides of the piston 3) ensure that the annular gap 17 is wide open. Since D4 (and D2) (unlike in the neutral position according to FIG. 1) is almost closed, there is a pressure above the pressure in the tank T at point A, and pressure is exerted on the working piston AK in the working space a via the line LA in the direction of the arrow ,
Wie ist es nun dazu gekommen, dass D4 nahezu geschlossen ist? Das beruht darauf, dass auch D2 nahezu geschlossen ist und D4 von D2 mitgesteuert ist, indem nämlich der Druckraum 52 von D2 über einen Kanal 2_4 mit dem Druckraum 54 von D4 verbunden ist, so dass in beiden Druckräumen der gleiche Druck herrscht.How did it come about that D4 is almost closed? This is due to the fact that D2 is also almost closed and D4 is also controlled by D2, namely that the pressure chamber 52 of D2 is connected to the pressure chamber 54 of D4 via a channel 2_4, so that the same pressure prevails in both pressure chambers.
D2 ist auf folgende Weise nahezu geschlossen worden:D2 has almost been closed in the following way:
Zunächst war die Drosselöffnung 82 von D2 noch stärker geöffnet, so dass Fluid relativ unbehindert von der Pumpe P über den Zulauf kanal 142 durch eine Vordrosselbohrung 122 im Kolben 32 und über die Drosselöffnung 82 und den Kanal 2_T zum Tank T fließen konnte. Dann wurde die Drosselöffnung 82 durch Verschieben der Drosselnadel 92 nach links stärker verschlossen. Dadurch hat sich im Druckraum 52 ein höherer Druck aufgebaut, was eine Verschiebung des Kolbens 32 nach links zur Folge hatte. Dadurch ist für das von der Pumpe kommende Fluid der Weg vom Zulauf kanal 142 zum Ablauf kanal 132 (und damit zum Punkt B und zur Drosseleinrichtung D3 und zum Tank T) nahezu verschlossen worden, und der Druck am Punkt B nahezu auf den Druck im Tank T verringert worden.Initially, the throttle opening 82 of D2 was opened even more, so that fluid could flow relatively unhindered from the pump P via the inlet channel 142 through a pre-throttle bore 122 in the piston 32 and via the throttle opening 82 and the channel 2_T to the tank T. Then the throttle opening 82 was closed more tightly by moving the throttle needle 92 to the left. As a result, a higher pressure has built up in the pressure chamber 52, which has resulted in a displacement of the piston 32 to the left. As a result, for the fluid coming from the pump, the path from the inlet channel 142 to the outlet channel 132 (and thus to point B and to the throttle device D3 and to the tank T) has almost been closed, and the pressure at the point B has almost been adjusted to the pressure in the tank T has been reduced.
Der Vorteil der nach der Beschreibung ausgeführten Module besteht in ihrem einfachen und kostenverringernden Aufbau. Da im Gegensatz zu den üblichen am Umfang dichtenden Längsschieber- und Drehschieber-Hülse-Einheiten hier stirnseitig abgedichtet wird, entfällt die mit engen Toleranzen behaftete und damit fertigungsaufwendige Passung zwischen Schieber und Bohrung. Damit verbunden ist auch ein Verzicht auf besondere Werkstoffe und deren teure Bearbeitung hinsichtlich Oberflächen- und Wärmebehandlung. Beim beschriebenen Modul haben sich Kolben und Gehäuse aus einer Leichtmetalllegierung auch für hohe Fluiddrücke als ausreichend erwiesen.The advantage of the modules designed according to the description is their simple and cost-reducing structure. In contrast to the usual longitudinal slide and rotary slide sleeve units, which seal on the circumference, the end face is sealed here, which means that there is no tight fit between the slide and the bore, which is expensive to manufacture. This also means dispensing with special materials and their expensive processing in terms of surface and heat treatment. With the described Module, pistons and housing made of a light metal alloy have also proven to be sufficient for high fluid pressures.
Die in Figur 2 dargestellten Federelemente 1 1 , die auch durch ein großes (z. B. versenkt eingebautes) Federlement 1 1a (bei D4 in Figur 4 gezeigt) ersetzt werden können, haben in der Neutralstellung die Aufgabe, den Kolben 3 so in Richtung auf den Ringspalt 17 zu drücken, daß durch Drosselung des Fluidstroms im Ringspalt 17 eine vorbestimmbare Druckdifferenz entsteht, die bei Eintreten des Drosseleffekts an der Drosseleinheit, bestehend aus Drosselnadel 9 und Drosselöffnung 8, eine Druckkraft auf der Stirnfläche 16 (Figur 2) des Kolbens 3 ermöglicht, die die Reibung des Dichtelements 4 überwindet. Diese Reibung wird zusätzlich noch durch die Federkraft des Federelements 1 1 überwunden.The spring elements 1 1 shown in Figure 2, which can also be replaced by a large (e.g. recessed) spring element 1 1a (shown in D4 in Figure 4) have the task in the neutral position, the piston 3 in this direction to press on the annular gap 17 that throttling the fluid flow in the annular gap 17 creates a predeterminable pressure difference which, when the throttling effect occurs at the throttle unit, consisting of throttle needle 9 and throttle opening 8, a compressive force on the end face 16 (FIG. 2) of the piston 3 enables that overcomes the friction of the sealing element 4. This friction is additionally overcome by the spring force of the spring element 1 1.
Die Drosselöffnung 8 befindet sich in einer Scheibe 6. die den hinteren Abschluß des Druckraumes 5 bildet. Das durch die Drosselöffnung 8 in den Raum 7 strömende Fluid wird durch die Leitung 10 in Figur 2 (bzw. 1_T in Figur 4) in den Tank T des Systems zurückgeführt.The throttle opening 8 is located in a disc 6 which forms the rear end of the pressure chamber 5. The fluid flowing through the throttle opening 8 into the space 7 is returned through the line 10 in FIG. 2 (or 1_T in FIG. 4) into the tank T of the system.
Aufgabetask
In Figur 4 ist eine Schaltstellung dargestellt, bei der das Modul D2 und das Modul D4 aktiviert und deshalb in Stellung „geschlossen" gebracht sind, wodurch der Fluidstrom zum Arbeitsraum a des Arbeitszylinders 27 geführt wird. Die Module D1 und D3 sind nicht angesteuert und befinden sich deshalb in Stellung „offen". Bei Verwendung des in Figur 4 dargestellten Systems (oder auch nur des in Figur 2 dargestellten Moduls, das mit einer Drossel in Serie geschaltet ist) in Open-Center-Technik würde nun der hohe Fluiddruck im Zulauf räum 23 einen sehr hohen Leckfluidstrom durch die Vordrosselbohrung 12 in Richtung Tank bewirken, was einer starken Verminderung der Bewegungsleistung des Arbeitskolbens AK des Arbeitszylinders 27 entspräche. Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, dies zu vermeiden.FIG. 4 shows a switching position in which the module D2 and the module D4 are activated and are therefore brought into the “closed” position, as a result of which the fluid flow is led to the working space a of the working cylinder 27. The modules D1 and D3 are not activated and are located therefore in the "open" position. When using the system shown in Figure 4 (or just the module shown in Figure 2, which is connected in series with a throttle) in open center technology, the high fluid pressure in the inlet space 23 would now be a very high leakage fluid flow through the pre-throttle bore 12 in the direction of the tank, which would correspond to a sharp reduction in the movement power of the working piston AK of the working cylinder 27. The object of the invention is to avoid this.
Lösungsolution
Dieser Nachteil kann entsprechend der Erfindung vermieden werden, wenn der Kolben 3 so ausgeführt ist, dass in seiner Stirnseite 16 (Figur 2) die Vorsteuerbohrung 12 mündet und deren dortige Bohrungsöffnung durch die Anlage der Stirnseite 16 an die Anschlagfläche 60 der Scheibe 6 (oder an einer sonstigen entsprechenden Anschlagfläche für den Kolben 3) verschlossen wird, wenn der Kolben 3 durch Druckbeaufschlagung seiner Stirnfläche 15 gegen die Anschlagfläche 60 der Scheibe 6 (bzw. gegen eine sonstige entsprechende Anschlagfläche für den Kolben 3) gedrückt wird. Diese Situation ist in Figur 4 bei Modul D1 dargestellt.This disadvantage can be avoided according to the invention if the piston 3 is designed such that the pilot bore 12 opens into its end face 16 (FIG. 2) and its bore opening there through the abutment of the end face 16 against the stop surface 60 of the disk 6 (or on another corresponding stop surface for the piston 3) is closed when the piston 3 by pressurizing its end face 15 against the stop surface 60 of the disk 6 (or against another corresponding one Stop surface for the piston 3) is pressed. This situation is shown in Figure 4 in module D1.
Die Vorsteuerbohrungen 12, 122 müssen nicht in den steuerbaren Drosseleinrichtungen D1 , D2 angeordnet sein, sondern können sich statt dessen in den mitgesteuerten Drosseleinrichtungen D3, D4 befinden: vergleiche dort die Bezugszeichen 123 und 124. Wenn in einer derart modifizierten Anordnung nach Figur 4 die Drosseleinrichtung D2 vom geöffneten in den geschlossenen Zustand gesteuert werden soll, wird zunächst ein Vorsteuer-Fluidstrom von der Pumpe P über den Zulauf kanal 14, den Ablauf kanal 13, die Vorsteuerbohrung 124 im Kolben der Drosseleinrichtung D4, den Verbindungskanal 2_4, den Druckraum 52, die Drosselöffnung 82, den Verbindungskanal 2_T zum Tank T fließen. Beim Einschieben der Drosselnadel 92 in die Drosselöffnung 82 wird der Druck im Druckraum 52 ansteigen und den Kolben 32 in Schließrichtung bewegen. Gleichzeitig erhöht sich der Druck im Druckraum 54 von D4, so dass sich auch der Kolben von D4 in Schließrichtung bewegt.The pilot bores 12, 122 do not have to be arranged in the controllable throttle devices D1, D2, but instead can be located in the co-controlled throttle devices D3, D4: compare there the reference numerals 123 and 124. If in such a modified arrangement according to FIG. 4, the throttle device D2 is to be controlled from the open to the closed state, first a pilot fluid flow from the pump P via the inlet channel 14, the outlet channel 13, the pilot bore 124 in the piston of the throttle device D4, the connecting channel 2_4, the pressure chamber 52, Throttle opening 82, flow the connection channel 2_T to the tank T. When the throttle needle 92 is inserted into the throttle opening 82, the pressure in the pressure chamber 52 will rise and move the piston 32 in the closing direction. At the same time, the pressure in the pressure chamber 54 of D4 increases, so that the piston of D4 also moves in the closing direction.
Die erfindungsgemäße Steuereinrichtung eignet sich besonders für hydraulische Hilfs- oder Fremdkraftlenkungen in Open-Center-Ausführung, weil sie dort das Problem der unerwünschten Leckage bei vollständig geöffnetem Ringspalt 17 löst; sie ist aber auch für den Einsatz in einem Closed-Center-System geeignet. The control device according to the invention is particularly suitable for hydraulic auxiliary or external power steering systems in the open center version because it solves the problem of undesired leakage when the annular gap 17 is fully open; however, it is also suitable for use in a closed center system.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
I.Steuereinrichtung für die kontinuierliche Bewegung eines hydraulischen Stellmotors (27) mit folgenden Merkmalen:I. Control device for the continuous movement of a hydraulic servomotor (27) with the following features:
a) in einem hydraulischen Strömungspfad zwischen einer Pumpe (P) und einem Tank (T) sind in Serie zwei Drosseleinrichtungen (D1, D4) vorgesehen, zwischen denen eine hydraulische Leitung (LA) abzweigt, die zu dem Arbeitsraum (a) des Stellmotors führt,a) in a hydraulic flow path between a pump (P) and a tank (T) two throttle devices (D1, D4) are provided in series, between which a hydraulic line (LA) branches off, which leads to the working space (a) of the servomotor .
b) eine der Drosseleinrichtungen besteht aus einer steuerbaren Drossel (D1) mit einem Kolben (3) in einer Gehäusebohrung (1), der auf einer Seite einen Ventilteller trägt, der einen Ringspalt (17) zwischen einem Zuflusskanal (14) und einem Abflusskanal (13) begrenzt,b) one of the throttle devices consists of a controllable throttle (D1) with a piston (3) in a housing bore (1) which carries on one side a valve disk which has an annular gap (17) between an inflow channel (14) and an outflow channel ( 13) limited,
c) der Druckabfall am Ringspalt (17) ist mittels einer axial in eine Drosselöffnung (8) bewegbaren Drosselnadel (9) kontinuierlich steuerbar, welche auf der anderen Seite des Kolbens (12) in einem hydraulischen Steuerpfad angeordnet ist,c) the pressure drop at the annular gap (17) can be continuously controlled by means of a throttle needle (9) which can be moved axially into a throttle opening (8) and which is arranged on the other side of the piston (12) in a hydraulic control path,
d) der Steuerpfad erstreckt sich vom Zuflusskanal (14) über die Drosselöffnung (8) zum Tank (T), wobei er durch eine Vorsteuerbohrung (12) im Kolben (3) und durch einen Druckraum (5) geführt ist, der zwischen Kolben (3) und Drosselöffnung (8) angeordnet ist,d) the control path extends from the inflow channel (14) via the throttle opening (8) to the tank (T), it being guided through a pilot bore (12) in the piston (3) and through a pressure chamber (5) which is between the piston ( 3) and throttle opening (8) is arranged,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass die Steuereinrichtung nach dem Prinzip der offenen Mitte arbeitet,that the control device works on the principle of the open center,
dass ein Ende der Vorsteuerbohrung (12) an der an den Ringspalt (17) grenzenden Seite des Kolbens (3) im Bereich des Zuflusskanals (14) so angeordnet ist, dass es selbst bei geschlossenem Ringspalt (17) geöffnet bleibt, undthat one end of the pilot bore (12) is arranged on the side of the piston (3) bordering the annular gap (17) in the region of the inflow channel (14) in such a way that it remains open even when the annular gap (17) is closed, and
dass das andere Ende der Vorsteuerbohrung (12) auf der anderen Seite des Kolbens (3) dort angeordnet ist, wo der Kolben (3) bei vollständigem Öffnen der steuerbaren Drossel (D1) gegen eine Anschlagfläche (60) stößt und dabei dieses andere Ende der Vorsteuerbohrung (12) selbsttätig schließt. that the other end of the pilot bore (12) is arranged on the other side of the piston (3) where the piston (3) abuts a stop surface (60) when the controllable throttle (D1) is fully opened and this other end of the Pilot bore (12) closes automatically.
2. Steuereinrichtung für einen hydraulischen Stellmotor (27) mit zwei baugleichen Paaren von Drosseleinrichtungen, jedes Paar bestehend aus zwei Drosseleinrichtungen, insgesamt also vier Drosseleinrichtungen (D1 , D2, D3, D4), die jeweils axial bewegliche Kolben (3) aufweisen, wobei jeweils eine Drosseleinrichtung (D1 bzw. D2) eines Paares (D1 , D3 bzw. D2, D4) mittels einer Drosselnadel (9, 92) in einer Drosselöffnung (8, 82) steuerbar ist und ihr Kolben (3, 32) mit einer Anschlagfläche (60) in einer Gehäusebohrung (1) einen Druckraum (5) bildet und wobei der Kolben (33) einer zweiten zu dem Paar von Drosseleinrichtungen gehörenden Drosseleinrichtung (D3) mit ihrem Gehäuse (G) einen weiteren Druckraum (53) bildet, der mit dem Druckraum (5) der ersten Drosseleinrichtung (D1) dieses Paares über eine Leitung (1_3) in hydraulischer Verbindung steht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeweils eine Drosseleinrichtung (D1 oder D3 bzw D2 oder D4) jedes Paares (D1 , D3 bzw. D2, D4) eine von Stirnfläche zu Stirnfläche des Kolbens (3, 33) führende Vordrosselbohrung (12, 122) aufweist, die so angeordnet ist, daß ihre einem Zuflusskanal (14) zuwandte Bohrungsöffnung in jeder Kolbenstellung geöffnet ist, während ihre andere Bohrungsöffnung bei gegen eine Anschlagfläche (60) bewegtem Kolben (3 oder 33) geschlossen ist.2.Control device for a hydraulic servomotor (27) with two identical pairs of throttle devices, each pair consisting of two throttle devices, so a total of four throttle devices (D1, D2, D3, D4), each having axially movable pistons (3), each a throttle device (D1 or D2) of a pair (D1, D3 or D2, D4) can be controlled by means of a throttle needle (9, 92) in a throttle opening (8, 82) and its piston (3, 32) with a stop surface ( 60) forms a pressure chamber (5) in a housing bore (1) and the piston (33) of a second throttle device (D3) belonging to the pair of throttle devices forms with its housing (G) a further pressure chamber (53) which is connected to the Pressure chamber (5) of the first throttle device (D1) of this pair is in hydraulic connection via a line (1_3), characterized in that a throttle device (D1 or D3 or D2 or D4) of each pair (D1, D3 or D2, D4 ) one of S Front face to the end face of the piston (3, 33) has a pilot throttle bore (12, 122) which is arranged such that its bore opening facing an inflow channel (14) is open in each piston position, while its other bore opening is against an abutment surface (60). moving piston (3 or 33) is closed.
3. Steuereinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anschlagfläche (60) Teil eines Deckels (D) für die Gehäusebohrung (1) ist.3. Control device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the stop surface (60) is part of a cover (D) for the housing bore (1).
4. Steuereinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anschlagfläche (60) Teil einer Scheibe (6) ist, in welcher sich die Drosselöffnung (8) befindet.4. Control device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the stop surface (60) is part of a disc (6) in which the throttle opening (8) is located.
5. Steuereinrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druckraum (5, 52, 53, ...), der zwischen Kolben (3, 32, 33, ...) und Anschlagfläche (60) angeordnet ist, eine Feder (1 1) enthält, durch welche der Kolben (3, 32, 33, ..) in die Schließstellung der steuerbaren Drossel (D1 , D2, D3, .. ) gedrängt wird.5. Control device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure chamber (5, 52, 53, ...), which is arranged between the piston (3, 32, 33, ...) and stop surface (60), a Contains spring (1 1) through which the piston (3, 32, 33, ..) is pushed into the closed position of the controllable throttle (D1, D2, D3, ..).
6. Steuereinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kolben (3) an seinem Umfang mit größtem Durchmesser ein Dichtelement (4) trägt, das gleichzeitig als Lagerung des Kolbens in der Gehäusebohrung (1) wirksam ist.6. Control device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the piston (3) carries on its circumference with the largest diameter a sealing element (4) which is also effective as a bearing for the piston in the housing bore (1).
7. Steuereinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Drosselnadel (9) durch eine von außen aufbringbare Stellkraft in die Drosselöffnung (8) bewegbar ist. 7. Control device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the throttle needle (9) can be moved into the throttle opening (8) by an actuating force which can be applied from the outside.
EP01974163A 2001-08-10 2001-08-10 Control device for the continuous drive of a hydraulic pilot motor Expired - Lifetime EP1415095B1 (en)

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EP1415095B1 EP1415095B1 (en) 2005-12-14

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US10281055B2 (en) * 2016-02-09 2019-05-07 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Hydraulic servo valve
US10798866B2 (en) 2018-08-10 2020-10-13 Cnh Industrial America Llc Depth control system for raising and lowering a work unit of an implement

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US20040187675A1 (en) 2004-09-30
US7028599B2 (en) 2006-04-18

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