EP1405930B1 - The use of a steel alloy for fuel injection components - Google Patents
The use of a steel alloy for fuel injection components Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1405930B1 EP1405930B1 EP03020836A EP03020836A EP1405930B1 EP 1405930 B1 EP1405930 B1 EP 1405930B1 EP 03020836 A EP03020836 A EP 03020836A EP 03020836 A EP03020836 A EP 03020836A EP 1405930 B1 EP1405930 B1 EP 1405930B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- steel alloy
- fuel
- maximum
- strength
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
- F02M55/02—Conduits between injection pumps and injectors, e.g. conduits between pump and common-rail or conduits between common-rail and injectors
- F02M55/025—Common rails
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of a steel alloy for fuel distributors.
- the steel is known, for example from DE 1483331 A1.
- Affected by the Fuel distributors are used to distribute petrol, methanol and diesel fuels as well as fuel mixtures. With above distributors currently need pressures up to 1600 bar for diesel engines and pressures up to petrol engines 450 bar can be realized. In addition, these fuel rail must have dynamic pressures resist a comparatively high operational stability with a low probability of failure have and resistant to the media flowing through them be what in particular resistance to long-term corrosion concerns.
- These fuel distributors are currently both in cylindrical form (common rail) as well as spherical shape (common ball) and are made of forged Steel, forged aluminum, die-cast aluminum, stainless steel or made of high-strength steel.
- Aluminum as a material for fuel distributors is only partially resistant and tends to corrode.
- Forged steel is up to up to aluminum Factor 3 heavier.
- Stainless steel or high-strength steel have in relation to cast iron or Forging solutions a more homogeneous starting material without pores and inclusions stainless steel, however, means high material costs in comparison low basic strength. In the high-strength steels used leads again The heat input that the material produces during the manufacture of the fuel rail for example during a joining operation, to a reduction or a total loss of firmness.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of producing a material for To show fuel distributors that meet the specified component requirements is guaranteed and cost-effective and optimized production.
- a steel alloy with a tensile strength Rm of> 850 N / mm 2 , a yield strength Rp0.2 of> 700 N / mm 2 and an elongation A 5 of> 15% as well as the alloy components (expressed in weight percent) become 0 , 09 to 0.13% carbon, 0.15 to 0.30% silicon, 1.10-1.60% manganese, maximum 0.015% phosphorus, maximum 0.011% sulfur, 1.00-1.60% chromium, 0 , 30-0.60% molybdenum, 0.02-0.05% aluminum and 0.12-0.25% vanadium, remainder has contamination due to melting, used as a material for fuel rail.
- the steel alloy is heated above AC 3 temperature, cooled in air and then tempered at 550 to 650 ° C.
- a steel alloy which, in the air-hard state, has a tensile strength Rm of> 950 N / mm 2 , a yield strength Rp0.2 of> 700 N / mm 2 and an elongation A 5 of> 14%, as well as the alloy components (expressed in weight percent ) 0.09 to 0.13% carbon, 0.15 to 0.30% silicon, 1.10-1.60% manganese, maximum 0.015% phosphorus, maximum 0.011% sulfur, 1.00-1.60% chromium , 0.30-0.60% molybdenum, 0.02-0.05% aluminum and 0.12-0.25% vanadium, remainder has contamination due to melting, to be used as a fuel distributor material.
- the steel alloy to be used according to the invention is an air-hardenable, weldable Quenched and tempered steel.
- the semi-finished solid rod or tube makes it possible to pass through a fuel rail machining on machines to manufacture and required connecting pieces add, for example by welding.
- the homogeneous is also suitable Material better for mechanical processing than cast or forged parts.
- at a fuel rail made of cast steel or designed as a forged part is, mechanical processing of the interior of the Pressure accumulator and the one-piece molded connection piece made become.
- these measures require in the case of cast or forged bodies, an additional additional manufacturing effort.
- Fuel distributors are made of cast iron, particularly with regard to tool costs or as forged parts, only economically justified for large series. Consequently, the use of the proposed steel alloy according to the invention results in that a corresponding fuel rail lighter in weight, manufacturing technology is easier and overall cheaper to produce than comparable Fuel distributor made of cast or forged semi-finished products.
- the steel alloy proposed for use according to the invention achieves the required operational strength better than stainless steel.
- the high fatigue strength values of the material and the good cold toughness stand out from others Steel grades and guarantee even with continuous use of 10 million Vibrations and working temperatures of up to - 40 ° C, for example at a cold start of the engine in very cold areas, the required tightness and Operational safety of the fuel rail.
- Steels conventionally used in the manufacture of fuel distributors can only be quenched after heating to above AC 3 temperature, be it with oil or water. This hardening is difficult to carry out during a joining operation. As a result, the structural transformation with loss of strength caused by the heat input is permanent without further heat treatment with subsequent hardening.
- the steel proposed according to the invention for the production of the fuel distributors also undergoes a structural change as a result of the heat input during the joining, but hardens in the air, so that martensitic structures with the desired hardness values are obtained again at the joined points due to the air cooling. A critical loss of strength in the joining areas does not occur according to the invention. Therefore, the use of the proposed steel alloy allows a constructive freedom that results from the strength advantages of the material, especially with regard to steel grades already used.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung einer Stahllegierung für Kraftstoffverteiler.The invention relates to the use of a steel alloy for fuel distributors.
Der Stahl ist bekannt, so zum Beispiel aus der DE 1483331 A1. Betroffen von der Verwendung sind Kraftstoffverteiler zur Verteilung von Benzin, Methanol und Dieselkraftstoffen sowie Kraftstoffgemischen. Mit oben genannten Verteilern müssen derzeit bei Dieselmotoren Drücke bis zu 1600 bar und bei Benzinmotoren Drücke bis zu 450 bar realisiert werden. Zudem müssen diese Kraftstoffverteiler dynamischen Drücken widerstehen, eine vergleichsweise hohe Betriebsfestigkeit mit geringer Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeit aufweisen und gegenüber den sie durchfließenden Medien werkstoffbeständig sein, was insbesondere eine Beständigkeit gegen Langzeitkorrosion betrifft. Diese Kraftstoffverteiler werden derzeit sowohl in zylindrischer Form (common rail) als auch in kugelförmiger Form (common ball) gefertigt und sind aus geschmiedetem Stahl, geschmiedetem Aluminium, Aluminiumdruckguss, Edelstahl oder hochfestem Stahl hergestellt.The steel is known, for example from DE 1483331 A1. Affected by the Fuel distributors are used to distribute petrol, methanol and diesel fuels as well as fuel mixtures. With above distributors currently need pressures up to 1600 bar for diesel engines and pressures up to petrol engines 450 bar can be realized. In addition, these fuel rail must have dynamic pressures resist a comparatively high operational stability with a low probability of failure have and resistant to the media flowing through them be what in particular resistance to long-term corrosion concerns. These fuel distributors are currently both in cylindrical form (common rail) as well as spherical shape (common ball) and are made of forged Steel, forged aluminum, die-cast aluminum, stainless steel or made of high-strength steel.
Aluminium als Werkstoff für Kraftstoffverteiler ist nur bedingt werkstoffbeständig und neigt zur Korrosion. Geschmiedeter Stahl ist im Verhältnis zu Aluminium um bis zu Faktor 3 schwerer. Edelstahl oder hochfester Stahl weisen im Verhältnis zu Gußoder Schmiedelösungen ein homogeneres Ausgangsmaterial ohne Poren und Einschlüsse auf, Edelstahl bedeutet jedoch hohe Materialkosten bei vergleichsweise geringen Grundfestigkeiten. Bei den verwendeten hochfesten Stählen wiederum führt der Wärmeeintrag, den der Werkstoff während der Herstellung des Kraftstoffverteilers beispielsweise während einer Fügeoperation erfährt, zu einer Minderung oder einem völligen Verlust an Festigkeit. Aluminum as a material for fuel distributors is only partially resistant and tends to corrode. Forged steel is up to up to aluminum Factor 3 heavier. Stainless steel or high-strength steel have in relation to cast iron or Forging solutions a more homogeneous starting material without pores and inclusions stainless steel, however, means high material costs in comparison low basic strength. In the high-strength steels used leads again The heat input that the material produces during the manufacture of the fuel rail for example during a joining operation, to a reduction or a total loss of firmness.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Werkstoff zur Herstellung von Kraftstoffverteilern aufzuzeigen, der den genannten Bauteilanforderungen gerecht wird und eine kostengünstige und optimierte Fertigung gewährleistet.The invention is therefore based on the object of producing a material for To show fuel distributors that meet the specified component requirements is guaranteed and cost-effective and optimized production.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit den Ansprüchen 1 oder 2 gelöst.This object is achieved with claims 1 or 2.
Demnach wird eine Stahllegierung, die im luftvergüteten Zustand eine Zugfestigkeit Rm von >850 N/mm2, eine Streckgrenze Rp0,2 von >700 N/mm2 und eine Dehnung A5 von >15 % sowie die Legierungsbestandteile (in Gewichtsprozent ausgedrückt) 0,09 bis 0,13 % Kohlenstoff, 0,15 bis 0,30 % Silizium, 1,10-1,60 % Mangan, maximal 0,015 % Phosphor, maximal 0,011 % Schwefel, 1,00-1,60 % Chrom, 0,30-0,60 % Molybdän, 0,02-0,05 % Aluminium und 0,12-0,25 % Vanadium, Rest erschmelzungsbedingte Verunreinigungen aufweist, als Werkstoff für Kraftstoffverteiler verwandt. Dabei wird die Stahllegierung über AC3 -Temperatur erwärmt, an der Luft abgekühlt und anschließend bei 550 bis 650°C angelassen.Accordingly, a steel alloy with a tensile strength Rm of> 850 N / mm 2 , a yield strength Rp0.2 of> 700 N / mm 2 and an elongation A 5 of> 15% as well as the alloy components (expressed in weight percent) become 0 , 09 to 0.13% carbon, 0.15 to 0.30% silicon, 1.10-1.60% manganese, maximum 0.015% phosphorus, maximum 0.011% sulfur, 1.00-1.60% chromium, 0 , 30-0.60% molybdenum, 0.02-0.05% aluminum and 0.12-0.25% vanadium, remainder has contamination due to melting, used as a material for fuel rail. The steel alloy is heated above AC 3 temperature, cooled in air and then tempered at 550 to 650 ° C.
Alternativ wird vorgeschlagen, eine Stahllegierung, die im luftharten Zustand eine Zugfestigkeit Rm von >950 N/mm2, eine Streckgrenze Rp0,2 von >700 N/mm2 und eine Dehnung A5 von >14 % sowie die Legierungsbestandteile (in Gewichtsprozent ausgedrückt) 0,09 bis 0,13 % Kohlenstoff, 0,15 bis 0,30 % Silizium, 1,10-1,60 % Mangan, maximal 0,015 % Phosphor, maximal 0,011 % Schwefel, 1,00-1,60 % Chrom, 0,30-0,60 % Molybdän, 0,02-0,05 % Aluminium und 0,12-0,25 % Vanadium, Rest erschmelzungsbedingte Verunreinigungen aufweist, als Werkstoff für Kraftstoffverteiler zu verwenden.Alternatively, it is proposed to use a steel alloy which, in the air-hard state, has a tensile strength Rm of> 950 N / mm 2 , a yield strength Rp0.2 of> 700 N / mm 2 and an elongation A 5 of> 14%, as well as the alloy components (expressed in weight percent ) 0.09 to 0.13% carbon, 0.15 to 0.30% silicon, 1.10-1.60% manganese, maximum 0.015% phosphorus, maximum 0.011% sulfur, 1.00-1.60% chromium , 0.30-0.60% molybdenum, 0.02-0.05% aluminum and 0.12-0.25% vanadium, remainder has contamination due to melting, to be used as a fuel distributor material.
Die erfindungsgemäß zu verwendende Stahllegierung ist ein lufthärtender, schweißbarer Vergütungsstahl. Aus diesem Stahl wird als Ausgangsmaterial ein Vollstab oder ein Rohr, welches nahtlos oder geschweißt sein kann, mit dem benötigten Innenund / oder Außendurchmesser bereitgestellt.The steel alloy to be used according to the invention is an air-hardenable, weldable Quenched and tempered steel. A solid rod or is made from this steel as the starting material a pipe, which can be seamless or welded, with the required inner and / or outside diameter provided.
Das Halbzeug Vollstab oder Rohr ermöglicht es, einen Kraftstoffverteiler durch zerspanende Bearbeitung auf Automaten zu fertigen und benötigte Anschlussstutzen anzufügen, beispielsweise mittels Schweißen. Zudem eignet sich das homogene Material besser für eine mechanische Bearbeitung als Guss- oder Schmiedeteile. Bei einem Kraftstoffverteiler, der aus Stahlguss besteht oder als Schmiedeteil ausgebildet ist, müssen nachträglich mechanische Bearbeitungen des Innenraums des Druckspeichers und der einstückig angeformten Zuleitungsstutzen vorgenommen werden. Diese Maßnahmen erfordern neben den ohnehin hohen Werkzeugkosten bei Guss- oder Schmiedekörpem einen zusätzlichen weiteren Fertigungsaufwand. Insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Werkzeugkosten sind Kraftstoffverteiler aus Guss oder als Schmiedeteile durchweg nur bei Großserien wirtschaftlich gerechtfertigt. Folglich bewirkt die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung der vorgeschlagenen Stahllegierung, dass ein entsprechender Kraftstoffverteiler gewichtsmäßig leichter, fertigungstechnisch einfacher und insgesamt kostengünstiger herzustellen ist als vergleichbare Kraftstsoffverteiler aus Guss- oder Schmiedehalbzeug.The semi-finished solid rod or tube makes it possible to pass through a fuel rail machining on machines to manufacture and required connecting pieces add, for example by welding. The homogeneous is also suitable Material better for mechanical processing than cast or forged parts. at a fuel rail made of cast steel or designed as a forged part is, mechanical processing of the interior of the Pressure accumulator and the one-piece molded connection piece made become. In addition to the already high tool costs, these measures require in the case of cast or forged bodies, an additional additional manufacturing effort. Fuel distributors are made of cast iron, particularly with regard to tool costs or as forged parts, only economically justified for large series. Consequently, the use of the proposed steel alloy according to the invention results in that a corresponding fuel rail lighter in weight, manufacturing technology is easier and overall cheaper to produce than comparable Fuel distributor made of cast or forged semi-finished products.
Die erfindungsgemäß zur Verwendung vorgeschlagene Stahllegierung erreicht die benötigte Betriebsfestigkeit besser als Edelstahl. Insbesondere die hohen Schwingfestigkeitskennwerte des Materials und die gute Kaltzähigkeit heben sich von anderen Stahlsorten ab und garantieren auch bei einer Dauerbeanspruchung von 10 Millionen Schwingspielen und Arbeitstemperaturen von bis zu - 40° C, beispielsweise bei einem Kaltstart des Motors in sehr kalten Gegenden, die geforderte Dichtheit und Betriebssicherheit des Kraftstoffverteilers.The steel alloy proposed for use according to the invention achieves the required operational strength better than stainless steel. In particular the high fatigue strength values of the material and the good cold toughness stand out from others Steel grades and guarantee even with continuous use of 10 million Vibrations and working temperatures of up to - 40 ° C, for example at a cold start of the engine in very cold areas, the required tightness and Operational safety of the fuel rail.
Insbesondere führen bei der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung der vorgeschlagenen Stahllegierung Fügeoperationen im Rahmen der Herstellung des Kraftstoffverteilers, die einen Wärmeeintrag in das Material bedingen, nicht zu einem nachhaltigen Festigkeitsverlust im Material an den gefügten Stellen. Gerade die Fügestellen bei bisher aus hochfestem Stahl hergestellten Kraftstoffverteilern erweisen sich als problematisch. Die beispielsweise mit einer Schweißoperation in einen hochfesten Stahl eingebrachte Wärme führt zu einer Gefügeumwandlung im Fügebereich, wodurch die Martensitstruktur des Stahls aufgehoben wird und der Stahl an Festigkeit verliert. Daher kann es an den Fügestellen zum Bruch des Materials kommen.In particular, when using the proposed leads according to the invention Steel alloy joining operations as part of the manufacture of the fuel rail, that cause heat to enter the material, not to a permanent loss of strength in the material at the joined points. Especially the joints at so far Fuel distributors made of high-strength steel prove to be problematic. For example, it was inserted into a high-strength steel using a welding operation Heat leads to a structural change in the joining area, whereby the The martensite structure of the steel is lifted and the steel loses strength. Therefore, the material may break at the joints.
Herkömmlich zur Herstellung von Kraftstoffverteilern eingesetzte Stähle können nach einer Erwärmung über AC3-Temperatur nur durch Abschrecken, sei es mittels Öl oder mittels Wasser gehärtet werden. Diese Härtung ist während einer Fügeoperation schlecht durchführbar. Folglich ist die durch den Wärmeeintrag hervorgerufene Gefügeumwandlung mit Festigkeitsverlust ohne eine weitere Wärmebehandlung mit anschließender Härtung eine dauerhafte. Der erfindungsgemäß zur Herstellung der Kraftstoffverteiler vorgeschlagene Stahl erfährt zwar durch den Wärmeeintrag während des Fügens auch eine Gefügeumwandlung, härtet aber an der Luft, so dass sich auch an den gefügten Stellen durch die Luftabkühlung wieder martensitische Strukturen mit den gewünschten Härtewerten einstellen. Ein kritischer Festigkeitsverlust in den Fügebereichen tritt erfindungsgemäß gerade nicht auf. Daher erlaubt die Verwendung der vorgeschlagenen Stahllegierung gerade im Hinblick auf bereits bisher verwendete Stahlsorten eine konstruktive Freiheit, die aus den Festigkeitsvorteilen des Materials resultiert.Steels conventionally used in the manufacture of fuel distributors can only be quenched after heating to above AC 3 temperature, be it with oil or water. This hardening is difficult to carry out during a joining operation. As a result, the structural transformation with loss of strength caused by the heat input is permanent without further heat treatment with subsequent hardening. The steel proposed according to the invention for the production of the fuel distributors also undergoes a structural change as a result of the heat input during the joining, but hardens in the air, so that martensitic structures with the desired hardness values are obtained again at the joined points due to the air cooling. A critical loss of strength in the joining areas does not occur according to the invention. Therefore, the use of the proposed steel alloy allows a constructive freedom that results from the strength advantages of the material, especially with regard to steel grades already used.
Claims (4)
- Use of a steel alloy consisting of the following alloying components (expressed in percentage by weight):
C 0.09-0.13 Si 0.15-0.30 Mn 1.10-1.60 P maximum 0.015 S maximum 0.011 Cr 1.00-1.60 Mo 0.30-0.60 Al 0.02-0.05 V 0.12-0.25 - Use of a steel alloy consisting of the following alloying components (expressed in percentage by weight):
C 0.09-0.13 Si 0.15-0.30 Mn 1.10-1.60 P maximum 0.015 S maximum 0.011 Cr 1.00-1.60 Mo 0.30-0.60 Al 0.02-0.05 V 0.12-0.25 - Use of a steel alloy as per Claim 1 or 2 for production of cylindrical fuel distributors.
- Use of a steel alloy as per Claim 1 or 2 for production of spherical fuel distributors.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10246165A DE10246165B4 (en) | 2002-10-02 | 2002-10-02 | Use of a steel alloy |
DE10246165 | 2002-10-02 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1405930A1 EP1405930A1 (en) | 2004-04-07 |
EP1405930B1 true EP1405930B1 (en) | 2004-12-08 |
Family
ID=31984376
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03020836A Expired - Lifetime EP1405930B1 (en) | 2002-10-02 | 2003-09-13 | The use of a steel alloy for fuel injection components |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1405930B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE284456T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10246165B4 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102023200921A1 (en) * | 2023-02-06 | 2024-08-08 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Fuel injection system and fuel distributor for gaseous fuels, in particular hydrogen |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1483331B2 (en) * | 1964-01-22 | 1971-03-18 | Yawata Iron & Steel Co , Ltd , To kio | USE OF A HARDENABLE STEEL ALLOY |
JP3125162B2 (en) * | 1992-08-10 | 2001-01-15 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Nozzle body and valve for fuel injection device |
US5534081A (en) * | 1993-05-11 | 1996-07-09 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel injector component |
JP3748586B2 (en) * | 1995-03-08 | 2006-02-22 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Durable fuel injection valve device and method for manufacturing the same |
JP2000145964A (en) * | 1998-11-09 | 2000-05-26 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Martensitic stainless steel part and manufacture therefor |
JP2002195125A (en) * | 2000-12-26 | 2002-07-10 | Otics Corp | Common rail and manufacturing method for the same |
DE10136157A1 (en) * | 2001-05-04 | 2002-08-29 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Fuel injector for IC engines of motor vehicles has fuel reservoir of one-piece precision-cast component of hardened steel, fastened to rear of injector housing |
-
2002
- 2002-10-02 DE DE10246165A patent/DE10246165B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-09-13 DE DE2003500191 patent/DE50300191D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-09-13 AT AT03020836T patent/ATE284456T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-09-13 EP EP03020836A patent/EP1405930B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10246165A1 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
ATE284456T1 (en) | 2004-12-15 |
DE10246165B4 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
DE50300191D1 (en) | 2005-01-13 |
EP1405930A1 (en) | 2004-04-07 |
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