EP1397632A1 - A device in connection with a thermally compensated structural element and its application - Google Patents

A device in connection with a thermally compensated structural element and its application

Info

Publication number
EP1397632A1
EP1397632A1 EP02738977A EP02738977A EP1397632A1 EP 1397632 A1 EP1397632 A1 EP 1397632A1 EP 02738977 A EP02738977 A EP 02738977A EP 02738977 A EP02738977 A EP 02738977A EP 1397632 A1 EP1397632 A1 EP 1397632A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
accordance
connection
structural
vertical part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02738977A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1397632B1 (en
Inventor
Anders Ruud
Eystein Sandvik
Hogne Linga
Inge Holden
Arne Werge-Olsen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Norsk Hydro ASA
Original Assignee
Norsk Hydro ASA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Norsk Hydro ASA filed Critical Norsk Hydro ASA
Publication of EP1397632A1 publication Critical patent/EP1397632A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1397632B1 publication Critical patent/EP1397632B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/18—Door frames; Doors, lids or removable covers
    • F27D1/1808—Removable covers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
    • F27D1/0023—Linings or walls comprising expansion joints or means to restrain expansion due to thermic flows

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a thermally compensated structural element and its application.
  • the application of structural elements in accordance with the present invention is particularly advantageous as support for covers/lids for use in industrial processes.
  • An example may be in connection with furnaces for calcining of carbon bodies.
  • Such furnaces are usually created with a row of sections which can be closed at the top and which are also designed for the insertion of carbon bodies. Flue gas flows through the sections during the calcining process and so-called closed furnaces are equipped with section covers, which allows the operation of a closed process.
  • the carbon bodies remain stationary in their respective sections while the firing cycle is moved successively in relation to the sections, which means cyclical thermal loads on the sections and consequently also on their section covers.
  • Section covers exist for the above application in which an external, continuous, rigid frame of cast iron forms the bearing structure for an arch of one or more layers of refractory material i.e. bricks.
  • One disadvantage of this structure is that the expansion of the metal as a consequence of heating results in distortion and geometric changes, which results in the cover no longer lying in sealing contact with its base. Moreover, the cover may damage the brick work at the top of the section, which will result in increased maintenance.
  • One consequence of these factors will be that the process will no longer be closed in relation to the surroundings on account of leakages.
  • Figures 1a-b show drawings of a section of a structural element in accordance with the present invention, seen in perspective, partly from below in Fig. 1a and partly from above in Fig. 1b.
  • Figure 2 shows a section of a cover, seen in perspective, using structural elements in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 1 b shows a drawing of a section of a structural element 1 comprising an upper element 2 and one or more lower elements 3, 3', 3".
  • the upper element may consist of an angle section with 90° between a mainly horizontal part 15 and a mainly vertical part 16, which constitute the main parts of the section.
  • the element may also comprise a second vertical part 16' for further reinforcement.
  • the lower element 3 may be designed as an inverted T section with a base part 17 and a vertical part 18.
  • the upper element 2 and the lower element 3 are both connected to a first connection element 5, which, in the figure, consists of a plate with a relatively large cross-section.
  • the connection element 5 is permanently fixed, at its upper end, to the upper element 2 and, at its lower end, to the lower element 3.
  • connection element may also be permanently connected to the vertical parts 16, 16'.
  • Such connections preferably consist of welded connections.
  • the connection element is expediently mounted in the centre area between the ends of the lower element 3 and is also designed to support part of a vertical load which is transferred to the structural element 1 via a structural element 4.
  • a load may consist of parts of the weight supported by the structural element, but may also consist of vertical load in the opposite direction, for example in connection with lifting the structure.
  • the vertical part 16 of the upper element 2 is designed to lie against the base part 17 in the underlying T section so that vertical loads may be transferred between the upper element 2 and the lower element 3 along the full length of the structural element 1.
  • connection elements 6, 7, 8, 9, which consist of plates with a much smaller cross-section than the connection element 5.
  • the plates are permanently fixed, at their upper and lower ends, to the upper element 2 and the lower element 3 respectively.
  • the purpose of the plates is both to transfer forces between the upper element 2 and the lower element 3 and to compensate for mutual movements between the elements 2, 3 in their longitudinal direction.
  • the figure also shows torsion-stabilising elements 10, 11 , 12, 13, which are permanently connected, at their tops, to the upper element 2 and possibly also, in part of their vertical extent, to the vertical part(s) 16, 16'. At their lower ends, they are suspended above the base part 17 but have lateral contact with the vertical part 18 of the T section. In this way, a gap is formed between the vertical part 16 of the upper element 2 and the torsion-stabilising elements, which will allow mutual longitudinal changes between the upper element 2 and the lower element 3 and will also counteract mutual torsion and distortion between the elements.
  • the vertical part 18 of the T section may have through cutouts (not shown) in the area above where the torsion-stabilising elements are in contact with it. They may expediently be U-shaped without sharp corners which may initiate crack formation. The purpose of the cutouts is for the contact surface between the torsion-stabilising elements and the vertical part 18 to be reduced to allow greater elasticity in the connection between them.
  • Figure 1a shows through cutouts 20, 21 , 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 which extend some way in from the side of the base part 17 in the lower element 3.
  • These cutouts may consist of slots.
  • the purpose of the cutouts is for thermally induced changes in length in the base part to be partially isolated to the parts between the cutouts, thus contributing to stabilisation of the T section in relation to torsion and distortion.
  • the upper element 2 is continuous throughout the section, while three lower elements 3, 3', 3" are shown in part with openings 30, 32 between them.
  • the purpose of this is to isolate longitudinal expansion in the lower part of the structural element 1 , which, when in contact with the top of a furnace chamber, will be most exposed to thermal load.
  • the size of the openings 30, 32 must, therefore, be dimensioned on the basis of knowledge of the relevant application so that the elements 3, 3', 3" may expand freely.
  • the upper element 2 may be equipped with holes 14 to ensure that ambient air flows through, which will contribute to cooling the structure.
  • the connection elements 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 will, when cooled, contribute to the lower element 3, which lies on the hot top of the furnace, being cooled advantageously.
  • the torsion-stabilising elements will also function as cooling ribs in the structural element 1.
  • the figure also shows part of brick work 19, which is designed to rest against the structural element 1. This will be described further under Figure 2.
  • Figure 2 shows a section of a cover 50, seen in perspective, using structural elements in accordance with the present invention.
  • the cover comprises an arch 51 , which may consist of one or more layers of refractory material.
  • the arch (only partially shown) is built inside a frame structure 53 and rests, at its lower ends, against two longitudinal side members 54, 55 in a base frame 69.
  • the cover also comprises two end walls. Only a section of one wall 56 is shown in the figure. Accordingly, the end walls rest against two cross members 57 (only one is shown in' the figure) which constitute part of the base frame.
  • the frame structure 53 may comprise fixings (not shown) for connection to a lifting device when the cover needs to be moved.
  • Both the longitudinal side members and the cross members may comprise structural elements 1 of the type mentioned above. All the members are designed to rest against a base, which may consist of the upper part of a furnace chamber for insertion of carbon bodies (not shown).
  • the figure shows that a leg 67 of the frame structure 53 is fixed at the centre of a lower element 60, equivalent to that shown in Figure 1. Accordingly, the other legs of the frame structure are fixed in the same way in the other lower elements 58, 59.
  • the upper element 61 extends continuously along the full length of the side member.
  • the stated lower elements 58, 59, 60 which thus constitute part of the longitudinal side member 54 in the base frame 69, are mounted so that a small opening is formed between them.
  • the reference 70 indicates the opening between the structural elements 60 and 59.
  • the figure shows a leg 68 which is fixed to a lower element 63 at its centre.
  • a principal element of the transverse end of the cover is the wall itself 56, which may consist of a steel plate.
  • the steel plate may constitute the equivalent vertical part to that indicated by reference 16 in Figure 1 b.
  • the torsion-stabilising elements may consist of small pieces of plate 71 which are welded onto the base part and the vertical part to reinforce the T section.
  • the cross member may also be designed using the same principles for thermal compensation as stated for structural element 1.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
  • Cable Accessories (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)

Abstract

A thermally compensated structural element (1) comprising an upper element (2) and a lower element (3). The upper element consists of an angle section with a mainly horizontal part (15) and a mainly vertical part (16). The lower element (3) is designed with a base part (17) and a vertical part (18). The upper element (2) and the lower element (3) are both connected to connection elements (5, 6, 7, 8, 9) in such a way that thermally induced expansion/contraction is compensated for. The solution comprises further features which will contribute to preventing distortion of the structural element. Structural elements of the above type may be used in a base frame for covers which are used in thermal processes such as section covers for use in furnaces for calcining of carbon bodies.

Description

A Device in Connection with a Thermally Compensated Structural Element and Its Application
The present invention concerns a thermally compensated structural element and its application. The application of structural elements in accordance with the present invention is particularly advantageous as support for covers/lids for use in industrial processes. An example may be in connection with furnaces for calcining of carbon bodies. Such furnaces are usually created with a row of sections which can be closed at the top and which are also designed for the insertion of carbon bodies. Flue gas flows through the sections during the calcining process and so-called closed furnaces are equipped with section covers, which allows the operation of a closed process. During calcining, the carbon bodies remain stationary in their respective sections while the firing cycle is moved successively in relation to the sections, which means cyclical thermal loads on the sections and consequently also on their section covers.
Section covers exist for the above application in which an external, continuous, rigid frame of cast iron forms the bearing structure for an arch of one or more layers of refractory material i.e. bricks. One disadvantage of this structure is that the expansion of the metal as a consequence of heating results in distortion and geometric changes, which results in the cover no longer lying in sealing contact with its base. Moreover, the cover may damage the brick work at the top of the section, which will result in increased maintenance. One consequence of these factors will be that the process will no longer be closed in relation to the surroundings on account of leakages.
The above disadvantages may be avoided with the present invention as the structural elements in the cover remain stable in critical directions, even under high thermal loads. Section cover in accordance with the present invention have proved to lie in stable, sealing contact with the base during all stages of the firing cycles through which the furnace passes. Consequently, the process may be operated without disturbances caused by leakages to the surroundings. The present invention will be described in further detail in the following by means of examples and figures, where:
Figures 1a-b show drawings of a section of a structural element in accordance with the present invention, seen in perspective, partly from below in Fig. 1a and partly from above in Fig. 1b.
Figure 2 shows a section of a cover, seen in perspective, using structural elements in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 1 b shows a drawing of a section of a structural element 1 comprising an upper element 2 and one or more lower elements 3, 3', 3". The upper element may consist of an angle section with 90° between a mainly horizontal part 15 and a mainly vertical part 16, which constitute the main parts of the section. The element may also comprise a second vertical part 16' for further reinforcement. The lower element 3 may be designed as an inverted T section with a base part 17 and a vertical part 18. The upper element 2 and the lower element 3 are both connected to a first connection element 5, which, in the figure, consists of a plate with a relatively large cross-section. The connection element 5 is permanently fixed, at its upper end, to the upper element 2 and, at its lower end, to the lower element 3. The connection element may also be permanently connected to the vertical parts 16, 16'. Such connections preferably consist of welded connections. The connection element is expediently mounted in the centre area between the ends of the lower element 3 and is also designed to support part of a vertical load which is transferred to the structural element 1 via a structural element 4. Such a load may consist of parts of the weight supported by the structural element, but may also consist of vertical load in the opposite direction, for example in connection with lifting the structure. Moreover, the vertical part 16 of the upper element 2 is designed to lie against the base part 17 in the underlying T section so that vertical loads may be transferred between the upper element 2 and the lower element 3 along the full length of the structural element 1.
Moreover, the structural element comprises connection elements 6, 7, 8, 9, which consist of plates with a much smaller cross-section than the connection element 5. Like the connection element 5, the plates are permanently fixed, at their upper and lower ends, to the upper element 2 and the lower element 3 respectively. The purpose of the plates is both to transfer forces between the upper element 2 and the lower element 3 and to compensate for mutual movements between the elements 2, 3 in their longitudinal direction.
The figure also shows torsion-stabilising elements 10, 11 , 12, 13, which are permanently connected, at their tops, to the upper element 2 and possibly also, in part of their vertical extent, to the vertical part(s) 16, 16'. At their lower ends, they are suspended above the base part 17 but have lateral contact with the vertical part 18 of the T section. In this way, a gap is formed between the vertical part 16 of the upper element 2 and the torsion-stabilising elements, which will allow mutual longitudinal changes between the upper element 2 and the lower element 3 and will also counteract mutual torsion and distortion between the elements.
The vertical part 18 of the T section may have through cutouts (not shown) in the area above where the torsion-stabilising elements are in contact with it. They may expediently be U-shaped without sharp corners which may initiate crack formation. The purpose of the cutouts is for the contact surface between the torsion-stabilising elements and the vertical part 18 to be reduced to allow greater elasticity in the connection between them.
Moreover, Figure 1a shows through cutouts 20, 21 , 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 which extend some way in from the side of the base part 17 in the lower element 3. These cutouts may consist of slots. The purpose of the cutouts is for thermally induced changes in length in the base part to be partially isolated to the parts between the cutouts, thus contributing to stabilisation of the T section in relation to torsion and distortion.
As shown in the figure, the upper element 2 is continuous throughout the section, while three lower elements 3, 3', 3" are shown in part with openings 30, 32 between them. The purpose of this is to isolate longitudinal expansion in the lower part of the structural element 1 , which, when in contact with the top of a furnace chamber, will be most exposed to thermal load. The size of the openings 30, 32 must, therefore, be dimensioned on the basis of knowledge of the relevant application so that the elements 3, 3', 3" may expand freely.
As shown in the figure, the upper element 2 may be equipped with holes 14 to ensure that ambient air flows through, which will contribute to cooling the structure. In particular, the connection elements 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 will, when cooled, contribute to the lower element 3, which lies on the hot top of the furnace, being cooled advantageously. Accordingly, the torsion-stabilising elements will also function as cooling ribs in the structural element 1. The figure also shows part of brick work 19, which is designed to rest against the structural element 1. This will be described further under Figure 2.
Figure 2 shows a section of a cover 50, seen in perspective, using structural elements in accordance with the present invention. As shown, the cover comprises an arch 51 , which may consist of one or more layers of refractory material. The arch (only partially shown) is built inside a frame structure 53 and rests, at its lower ends, against two longitudinal side members 54, 55 in a base frame 69. The cover also comprises two end walls. Only a section of one wall 56 is shown in the figure. Accordingly, the end walls rest against two cross members 57 (only one is shown in' the figure) which constitute part of the base frame. The frame structure 53 may comprise fixings (not shown) for connection to a lifting device when the cover needs to be moved.
Both the longitudinal side members and the cross members may comprise structural elements 1 of the type mentioned above. All the members are designed to rest against a base, which may consist of the upper part of a furnace chamber for insertion of carbon bodies (not shown).
The figure shows that a leg 67 of the frame structure 53 is fixed at the centre of a lower element 60, equivalent to that shown in Figure 1. Accordingly, the other legs of the frame structure are fixed in the same way in the other lower elements 58, 59. The upper element 61 extends continuously along the full length of the side member. The stated lower elements 58, 59, 60, which thus constitute part of the longitudinal side member 54 in the base frame 69, are mounted so that a small opening is formed between them. In the figure, the reference 70 indicates the opening between the structural elements 60 and 59. On the transverse end of the cover, the figure shows a leg 68 which is fixed to a lower element 63 at its centre. Accordingly, other legs (not shown) are fixed to equivalent lower elements and a small opening is formed between the elements. A principal element of the transverse end of the cover is the wall itself 56, which may consist of a steel plate. In the cross member 57, which consists of a structural element as mentioned above under Figure 1 , the steel plate may constitute the equivalent vertical part to that indicated by reference 16 in Figure 1 b. Moreover, the torsion-stabilising elements may consist of small pieces of plate 71 which are welded onto the base part and the vertical part to reinforce the T section. The cross member may also be designed using the same principles for thermal compensation as stated for structural element 1.

Claims

Claims
1. A device in connection with a thermally compensated structural element (1 ), characterised in that the structural element (1) comprises an upper element (2) and one or more lower elements (3, 3', 3"), the upper element consists of an angle section with a mainly horizontal part (15) and a mainly vertical part (16), the lower element (3) is designed with a base part (17) and a vertical part (18) whereby the upper element (2) and the lower element (3) are both connected to connection elements (5, 6, 7, 8, 9) in such a way that thermally induced expansion/contraction is compensated for.
2. A device in accordance with claim 1 , characterised in that the connection element (5) is mounted centrally in relation to the extent of the lower element (3).
3. A device in accordance with claim 1 , characterised in that the connection elements (6, 7, 8, 9) are designed to be able to compensate for mutual movement between the upper element (2) and the lower element (3) in the longitudinal direction of the structural element (1).
4. A device in accordance with claim 1 , characterised in that the connection elements (5, 6, 7, 8, 9) are plate-shaped and permanently connected, at their upper ends, to the upper element (2) and, at their lower ends, to the lower element (3).
5. A device in accordance with claim 1 , characterised in that the vertical part (16), at its lower end, is in contact with one side surface of the vertical part (18), and the torsion-stabilising elements (10, 11, 12, 13) are in contact with the other side surface of the part (18) so that the latter is located in a gap formed between the vertical part 16 and the elements (10, 11, 12, 13).
6. A device in accordance with claim 5, characterised in that there are cutouts in the vertical part (18) over the areas where the torsion- stabilising elements (10, 11, 12, 13) are in contact with it.
7. A device in accordance with claim 5, characterised in that the torsion-stabilising elements (10, 11, 12, 13) are plate-shaped and are also permanently connected to the element (2) at their upper ends and possibly partially at their vertical sides.
8. A device in accordance with claim 1 , characterised in that several lower elements (3, 3', 3") form part of the structural element (1 ) and are also mounted so that a gap (70) is formed between them.
9. A device in accordance with claim 1 , characterised in that the base part (17) is equipped with through cutouts (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27) which extend some way in from one side of it.
10. Application of a device in accordance with claims 1 -9, characterised in that one or more thermally compensated structural elements form part of a base frame for a cover for use in a thermal process such as calcining of carbon bodies.
EP02738977A 2001-06-01 2002-05-31 Thermally compensated structural element for a furnace Expired - Lifetime EP1397632B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20012741 2001-06-01
NO20012741A NO314105B1 (en) 2001-06-01 2001-06-01 Device for thermally compensated structural element and use of the same in a lid
PCT/NO2002/000194 WO2002097351A1 (en) 2001-06-01 2002-05-31 A device in connection with a thermally compensated structural element and its application

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1397632A1 true EP1397632A1 (en) 2004-03-17
EP1397632B1 EP1397632B1 (en) 2005-06-29

Family

ID=19912521

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02738977A Expired - Lifetime EP1397632B1 (en) 2001-06-01 2002-05-31 Thermally compensated structural element for a furnace

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1397632B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE298874T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2448640C (en)
DE (1) DE60204884T2 (en)
NO (1) NO314105B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002097351A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2713766A1 (en) * 1977-03-29 1978-10-12 Guenter Ing Grad Kotzott Three part, removable roof for a pit furnace - in which roof members are sepd. by thermally insulating mats preventing roof distortion
US5308046A (en) * 1983-01-10 1994-05-03 Coble Gary L Insulated furnace door system
US6058859A (en) * 1998-11-23 2000-05-09 Colosimo, Jr.; Samuel A. Refractory support device and associated method

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO02097351A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE298874T1 (en) 2005-07-15
CA2448640C (en) 2010-07-27
NO20012741L (en) 2002-12-02
NO314105B1 (en) 2003-01-27
CA2448640A1 (en) 2002-12-05
WO2002097351A1 (en) 2002-12-05
NO20012741D0 (en) 2001-06-01
DE60204884T2 (en) 2006-04-27
EP1397632B1 (en) 2005-06-29
DE60204884D1 (en) 2005-08-04

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