EP1395731B1 - Verbindungsanlage zwischen einer unterwasserleitung und einem unterwassersteigrohr - Google Patents

Verbindungsanlage zwischen einer unterwasserleitung und einem unterwassersteigrohr Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1395731B1
EP1395731B1 EP02748946A EP02748946A EP1395731B1 EP 1395731 B1 EP1395731 B1 EP 1395731B1 EP 02748946 A EP02748946 A EP 02748946A EP 02748946 A EP02748946 A EP 02748946A EP 1395731 B1 EP1395731 B1 EP 1395731B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
pipe
riser
vertical
resting
base
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EP02748946A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1395731A1 (de
Inventor
François-Régis PIONNETTI
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Saipem SA
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Saipem SA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/01—Risers
    • E21B17/017—Bend restrictors for limiting stress on risers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bottom-surface connection installation at least one underwater pipe installed at great depth of the tour-hybrid type.
  • the technical field of the invention is the field of manufacturing and the installation of risers or "risers” of production for extraction underwater oil, gas or other soluble or fuse material or a suspension of mineral material from wellhead immersed for the development of production fields in the open sea off the coast of ribs, still called “riser”.
  • the main and immediate application of the invention is in the field of oil production.
  • a floating support generally comprises anchoring means for remaining in position despite the effects of currents, winds and swell. It comprises also in general means of storage and processing of oil as well as means of unloading to oil tankers, the latter presenting at regular intervals to carry out the removal of production.
  • the name of these floating supports is the Anglo-Saxon term “Floating Production Storage Offloading "(meaning” floating storage medium, production and unloading "), the abbreviated term” FPSO "will be used in the whole of the following description.
  • the set is commonly called “Hybrid Tour” because it involves two technologies, on the one hand a vertical part, the tower, in which the riser is consisting of rigid pipes, on the other hand the upper part of the riser consisting of Chainset hoses which provide the connection to the floating support.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to the known domain of type links having a vertical hybrid tower anchored to the bottom and composed of a float located at the top of a vertical riser, the latter being connected by a pipe, in particular a flexible pipe taking by its own weight the Shape of a chain from the top of the riser to a floating support installed on the surface.
  • WO 00/49267 which describes a tower whose float is at a depth greater than half-height of water and whose catenary link to the surface vessel is made using rigid pipes of great thickness.
  • the tower thus described, requires at the level of its base, flexible connecting cuffs allowing connecting the lower end of the vertical risers of said tower to the pipe underwater resting on the bottom, so as to absorb the movements resulting from the expansions due to the temperature of the transported fluid.
  • the anchoring system comprises a vertical tendon consisting of either a cable or a metal bar, or still a conduct stretched at its upper end by a float.
  • the lower end of the tendon is attached to a base resting at the bottom.
  • said tendon has guiding means distributed along its entire length through which pass said vertical risers.
  • Said base can be placed simply on the bottom of the sea and stay in place by its own weight, or remain anchored by means of batteries or any other device suitable for maintaining it square.
  • the lower end of the vertical riser is adapted to be connected to the end of an angled sleeve, movable, between a high position and a low position, relative to said base, to which this cuff is suspended and associated with a return means bringing it back to a high position the absence of the riser.
  • This mobility of the bent sleeve makes it possible to absorb the variations in the length of the riser under the effects of temperature and pressure.
  • a stop device integral with it, comes lean on the support guide installed at the head of the float and thus maintain the all the riser in suspension.
  • thermal insulation systems are known that allow to achieve the required level of performance and resist the pressure of the bottom from the sea which is of the order of 150 bars at 1500m depth.
  • pipe-in-pipe a pipe carrying the hot fluid installed in an external protective line, the space between two pipes being either simply filled with insulation, confined or not confined empty, or simply empty.
  • Many other materials have been developed to provide high performance insulation, some of they being pressure resistant, simply surround the hot and are generally confined within a flexible or rigid outer casing, in equipressure and whose main function is to maintain over time a substantially constant geometry.
  • the problem posed according to the present invention is to be able to realize and install such bottom-to-surface connections for large subsea depths, such as beyond 1000 meters for example, and of type comprising a vertical tower and whose transported fluid must be maintained above a minimum temperature until reaching the surface, minimizing components subject to heat loss, avoiding the disadvantages created by the clean thermal expansion, or differential, of the various components of said tower so as to withstand the extreme stresses and phenomena of accumulated fatigue over the lifetime of the structure, which is currently years.
  • Another problem of the present invention is to provide an installation of cross-hybrid type bottom-surface connection whose anchoring system is of a high resistance and low cost, including the method of setting up different constituent elements be simplified to the extreme and also a weak cost.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an installation which can be prefabricated entirely on land, particularly as regards the assembly of the rigid pipes intended to constitute said pipes resting at the bottom of the sea and said risers vertical.
  • another object of the present invention is to provide an installation whose installation at the bottom of the sea does not require the implementation automatic connector and preferably no flexible joints to ball joint in the lower part of the tower.
  • the automatic connectors are connectors whose locking between the male part and the female part complementary is designed to be done very simply at the bottom of the sea at using a robot controlled from a ROV without the need for intervention direct manual staff. These automatic connectors as well as the joints Flexible ball joints are very expensive.
  • Another problem underlying the invention is to provide an installation which allows to intervene inside the underwater pipe resting at the bottom of sea, by a process of coiled-tubing type from the surface and from the upper end of the vertical riser.
  • Said first flexible or reduced-stiffness element present so an elbow-shaped curvature turned upward and the curvature is maintained in a substantially vertical plane when said platform rests substantially horizontally on the bottom of the sea.
  • bow two short straight sections of pipe exposed at 90 °, connected to each other by a curved section presenting at rest a shape of an arc of a circle, preferably with a radius of curvature, in particular a radius of curvature of less than 10 m, more particularly of the order of 5 to 10 m.
  • a said first flexible driving element of length of 7.5 to 15m.
  • the tower comprising several risers is stretched by a central tendon which suspends a plurality of vertical risers, and the vertex of the tendon stretched by a float constitutes a point of reference at a fixed altitude, with variation of the apparent overall weight of risers and their contents; and the whole movement was absorbed by the angled connection cuffs at the bottom, expensive parts and difficult to make and install.
  • the point substantially fixed at altitude is at the bottom of the tower at the lower end of the riser at connection level with said first flexible pipe element, which allows to remove the angled connecting sleeves, the movements differentials between the risers being absorbed by the float (s) which is (are) free (s) to move vertically at the top of each of the said (s) riser (s).
  • the axis of said rigid pipe portion is therefore substantially vertical and therefore fixed when held in position by said upper structure, said axis being preferably perpendicular to said platform.
  • This preferred embodiment with a said second driving element flexible avoids the use of a flexible joint type ball joint.
  • a flexible seal allows a significant variation of the angle ⁇ between the axis of the tower and the axis of the riser part vertically attached to the base, without causing significant constraints in the pipe portions located on either side of said flexible seal.
  • This seal flexible can be in a known manner is a spherical ball joint with joints seal, a laminated patella consisting of leaf sandwiches of elastomers and adhered sheets, able to absorb movements significant angular distortion of the elastomers, while maintaining a perfect seal due to the absence of friction seals.
  • said base comprises mounting brackets adapted to maintain a fixed position relative to the base the end of said underwater pipe resting at the bottom.
  • said first flexible pipe element in the area of the elbow, presents a controlled geometry that is found perfectly stabilized, locking at the connection between the riser vertical and said first flexible element taking up all the tension vertically created by the float head of the riser, said voltage up to 100 T.
  • the first flexible pipe element therefore no longer supports any movement or effort, both from the bottom-up conduct and from the part of the vertical riser.
  • said base comprises guiding elements that allow translational movement longitudinal along its axis XX 'of the end of said underwater pipe resting at the bottom.
  • Said guide means prevent displacement in translation in another direction, that is to say in a direction comprising a component vertical YY 'and / or a lateral component ZZ'.
  • the geometry of the elbow remains controlled even if it is not completely stabilized.
  • said guiding elements comprise rollers or friction pads on which said driving end resting at the bottom can slide in longitudinal translation in the axis XX 'of said end, thus avoiding transferring the thrust forces on the base, forces due to the background effect (internal pressure in the pipe), as well as the thermal expansion of said pipe.
  • said base comprises a so-called upper structure secured to a said platform, said upper structure forming a console in elevation with respect to said platform, said platform preferably being secured to said guide means preferably consisting of still in rollers distributed on both sides of the base of said console resting on said platform, and said console comprises in its part in elevation relative to said platform a particular lock type flange or clamp for locking said lower end of said riser.
  • said guide means also comprise anti-rotation devices that prevent rotation of the end of the pipe around its longitudinal axis XX '.
  • anti-rotation devices therefore allow to avoid that the torsion phenomena generated at the level of the underwater pipe during the expansion or retraction movements of the underwater pipe under the effect of pressure or temperature, are transmitted to the flexible structure of said first elbow-shaped flexible pipe element.
  • the anti-rotation device prevents torsional damage to the flexible portion in the form of an elbow during said movements of expansion or retractation of the underwater pipe.
  • said base comprises a so-called upper structure secured to a said platform, said upper structure forming a console in elevation with respect to said platform, said platform preferably being integral with said guide means preferably consisting of still in rollers distributed on both sides of the base of said console resting on said platform, and said console comprises in its part in elevation relative to said platform a particular lock type flange or clamp for locking said lower end of said riser.
  • said base comprises a platform, which cooperates with stabilizing elements including dead bodies on top said platform and / or suction anchors passing through said platform to be buried in the ground.
  • the installation according to the present invention is advantageous because the quasi entire hybrid tower can be prefabricated ashore, then towed on site, and, once the base is stabilized by dead bodies or suction anchors, the portion of riser is placed in a substantially vertical position by simple deballasting of the head float, or simply by pulling from the surface, avoiding the use of automatic connectors and Flexible ball joints, the latter being indispensable in the prior art.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is also the reduction the overall cost, resulting from the removal of any flexible joint and any automatic connector between the different portions of pipes as well as the removal of the angled sleeves used in the prior art to connect the vertical riser and the resting pipe at the bottom of the sea, whose costs may represent in the prior art more than 25% of the total cost of the installation.
  • the installation according to the invention makes it possible to eliminate all these elements of the art previous, ie the connecting cuffs, the connectors automatic and flexible joints-joints and provide the best cost, a riser tower incorporating the most efficient insulation technologies.
  • the installation according to the invention thus makes it possible to eliminate all these disadvantages of the prior art and to provide at the best cost, a riser tower incorporating the the most efficient insulation technologies.
  • the two so-called underwater pipes resting on the bottom of the sea are assembled into a bundle within a single envelope of flexible protection for confining an insulating material, preferably paraffin or a gelled compound, surrounding said conduits.
  • an insulating material preferably paraffin or a gelled compound
  • first and second vertical risers not assembled in bundles are maintained substantially parallel by means of a sliding connection system permitting the axial displacements of said first riser relative to said second riser, said connecting system comprising a tubular collar fixed around said first riser, said collar being rigidly connected to a sliding tubular ring freely around said second riser, preferably a plurality of said collars of the same sliding connection system being distributed along each of said risers alternately with said rings of another said linkage system on a even says riser.
  • This sliding link system allows risers to move vertically but not transversely, ie they remain substantially equidistant in a plane perpendicular to their axis.
  • said vertical riser comprises in its upper part above said second flexible pipe element, a insulated pipe system consisting of a set of two pipes coaxial pipes comprising an inner pipe and an outer pipe, a fluid or insulating material, preferably a phase change material of the type paraffin or a gelled compound being preferably placed between the two said conducted, or by maintaining a high vacuum between them.
  • junctions between the different components of the float assembly, flexible pipe and riser vertical being located not far from the surface are subject to the combined effects of swell and current.
  • the support of surface being subjected not only to the swell and the current, but also to effects of the wind, the overall movements create at the level of the singular point the junction between riser and flexible pipe, considerable effort in the various mechanical constituents.
  • the float exerts traction vertical upwards, which may vary from a few tens of tons to several hundreds of tons or even more than 1000 tons, depending on the depth water that can reach 1500m, or even 3000m, and depending on the internal diameter of the conduct which can vary from 6 "to 14", even 16 ".
  • the efforts to be transmitted are and the overall movements are clocked up, inter alia, rhythm of the swell, ie with a period varying typically, in period agitated, between 8 and 20 seconds.
  • Combined fatigue cycles over the lifetime of the field thus reach values exceeding several tens of millions of cycles.
  • an installation according to the present invention comprises advantageously at least one float, preferably a group comprising a plurality of floats installed at the top of each, at least two so-called risers vertically, arranged in such a way that said floats are held together with the means of a structure supporting them and allowing vertical displacements relative to each of said groups of floats relative to one another, in particular displacements generated by differential expansion.
  • said floats are therefore free to move vertically but they are enough spaced so that, according to the deformations of their supporting structures, all physical contact of groups of floats between them is avoided.
  • Another problem according to the present invention is to allow a easy intervention inside said riser from the surface, in particular from allow the inspection or cleaning of the vertical riser, by introducing a rigid tube from the upper end of the float, passing through said connection device between float and vertical riser.
  • these bottom-surface bonds convey a polyphasic fluid, it is at say a fluid composed of crude oil, water and gas.
  • the local pressure decreases and the gas bubbles then increase by volume, creating instability phenomena of the fluid vein that can lead to big jolts.
  • the gas is found in the high part and the oil-water mixture is trapped in the low points, it is at say in the lower part of the hose area in chain, as well as in the lower part of the substantially vertical section of the riser.
  • the multiphase mixture consisting of crude oil, water and gas, tendency, when the temperature falls below a value between 30 and 40 ° C, to create two types of caps that may block production.
  • a first type of plug is due to the formation of hydrates from the phase gaseous in the presence of water, another type is due to the freezing of paraffin contained in varying proportions in the crude oil of certain fields oil companies, particularly in West Africa.
  • coil-tubing consisting in pushing a rigid tube of small diameter, in general 20 to 50mm, through the pipe.
  • Said rigid tube is stored wound by simple bending on a drum, then untwisted when unwrapped.
  • Said tube can measure several thousand meters in one length.
  • the end of the tube located at the barrel of the storage drum is connected via a joint with a pumping device capable of injecting a high-pressure liquid and at high temperature.
  • the gooseneck device includes a straight portion upper which ensures the junction between said vertical riser and said third flexible pipe connected to said float.
  • a curved elbow-shaped derivation allows the junction between the end of said vertical riser and the end of said flexible pipe itself connected to said floating support.
  • the ends of said curve being substantially tangent to the curve of the chain constituted by the flexible pipe which provides the connection to the floating support, and substantially tangent with said right part of the gooseneck device.
  • the main advantage of the installation according to the invention is that all elements are prefabricated on the ground before being installed. They can be mounted to check that all elements cooperate properly, including including the locking means; thus, the assembly of the installation is greatly simplified and the operational time of installation vessels reduced to a minimum.
  • underwater pipes were then, after installation of the risers, bent connection were manufactured on the basis of high precision metrology realized thanks to the ROVs.
  • the sleeve, prefabricated on the ground or on site can measure several tens of meters and must then be installed by the same ROV, which represents a considerable operational time, so a very low cost high because of the sophistication of specialized installation vessels.
  • Gain realized by the device and the method according to the invention can be divided into several installing ship days as well as removing connectors indispensable automatic at each end of the cuff prefabricated, which represents a considerable cost reduction.
  • Figure 2 shows an installation according to the invention with a tower in a vertical position relative to the base resting at the bottom.
  • the base comprises a platform 15 1 constituted by a flat support placed at the bottom of the sea whose length, for illustrative purposes, can represent 30 to 50 m, and its width 5 to 10m.
  • the base comprises an upper structure in the form of a console 15 2 in elevation with respect to the platform 15 1 whose height, for illustrative purposes, may exceed 10 m.
  • Said bracket 15 2 integral with said platform, consists of a structure that straddles the end of the submarine pipe 11 resting at the bottom of the sea.
  • the underwater pipe 11 resting at the bottom of the sea is made integral with the platform 15 1 by flange-type mounting brackets or conventional clamping collar 16 1 which hold it fixed relative to the base.
  • These attachment supports 16 1 disposed on said platform are spaced from each other by several meters, so as to create a recess of said pipe in said platform.
  • the lower end of the vertical riser 5 is composed of a rigid pipe portion 13, for example of the type used for the current portion of the vertical riser steel.
  • the lower end 5 1 of the vertical riser 5 formed as in the embodiment of Figure 2 with a rigid pipe portion 13, is held in a fixed position at the top of the bracket 15 2.
  • This terminal portion of rigid pipe 13 is made integral with the bracket 2 at the top of the latter by means of a conventional clamping collar 3 as shown in FIG. 3, said clamping collar being locked by bolts (not shown), inserted and locked by the installation ROV, automatic underwater intervention robot piloted from the surface.
  • This clamp is sized to take over all vertical stresses on the riser up to 100 tons.
  • the lower end of the terminal rigid vertical pipe portion 13 secured to the upper part of the bracket 2 and the end of the underwater pipe 11 resting at the bottom of the sea which passes through the base of the console are arranged substantially perpendicularly and are connected to each other by a first flexible pipe member 12.
  • Said first flexible pipe element is therefore suspended at the top of the console or elevation of the console and has a substantially elbow-shaped curvature at right angles.
  • This first flexible pipe element 12 is constituted by a length a unitary element of flexible pipe of the type used for the connection flexible pipe 3 between the floating support and the head 4 of the riser, or preferably of the type described in WO 97/25561.
  • suction anchors 17 which are well adapted to take up the thrust forces exerted on the base structure, generated by the variations of pressure and fluid temperature inside the underwater pipe 11 resting at the bottom of the sea.
  • Said suction anchors 17 are dark through the orifices 16 3 of said platform 15 1 .
  • These are in fact portions of pipes disposed perpendicularly to the base through these orifices 16 3 .
  • These pipe portions have on the underside a free opening and on the upper face a sealed seal 20 1 so that it forms a bell of large diameter and generally elongated.
  • Such anchors 17 may be several meters in diameter and 20 to 30 m high, or even larger. They can weigh from 15 to 50 tons each, or even more.
  • a second flexible pipe element 14 ensures the connection between the upper part or the current part 2 of the vertical riser and the upper end of said rigid pipe end portion 13 fixedly held at the top of the bracket 2 .
  • This second flexible pipe element 14 allows angular movements of the upper part 2 of the riser with respect to the axis YY 'of the rigid pipe end portion 13 constituting the lower part 5 1 of the riser in a fixed position relative to the console.
  • the two flexible pipe members 12 and 14 have a different function.
  • the first flexible pipe element 12 must have great flexibility because configuration in a straight line during towing as will be explained later, it must be curved to form a substantially right angle when commissioning the facility. This curved configuration becomes definitive when the latches 15 3 at the top of the console are actuated to fix the lower end of the riser. Therefore, the geometry of the curvature of the first flexible pipe element remains substantially constant throughout the life of the installation.
  • the second flexible pipe element although it also in a straight line during towing, allows, after vertical positioning, movements of said vertical riser limited to a cone of angle ⁇ with respect to the axis YY ' of the rigid terminal pipe portion 13.
  • the angle ⁇ is small, especially 5 to 10 °. But the angular movements are permanent throughout the operational life of the installation, so that the second flexible pipe element must be sized to withstand fatigue throughout the life of the facility, which can reach 20 years.
  • the first flexible element 12 will be very flexible so that it can be bent over 90 ° without damage, but will be practically no longer solicited during the entire service life, whereas the second flexible element 14 will only be deformed by a few degrees, but throughout the life of the installation, and at the mercy of the swell and current movements on the entire hybrid tower and the floating support, which represents several million cycles.
  • Figure 4 shows a preferred version of a hybrid tower installation according to the invention, in which the submarine pipe 11 resting on the bottom is free to move in translation parallel to its axis XX ', in roller guides 19 integral with the base. Guiding the underwater pipe resting at the bottom allows longitudinal movements thereof along its axis, so that said pipe 11 exerts practically no effort on the base structure, since the expansion of said underwater pipe 11 due to variations in temperature and internal pressure of the fluid is absorbed by deforming the curvature of said first flexible pipe element.
  • the radius of curvature of said first element of flexible pipe is more important in this embodiment of FIG. in the embodiment of Figure 2, as shown.
  • the length of the first driving element flexible represents 7.5m to 15m while in Figure 4, it can represent 12.5 to 20 m.
  • the first flexible driving element 12 is subject to movements, that in the event of a significant variation in temperature and operating pressure inside the pipes, which remains exceptional.
  • the base Given the greater length of the first element of flexible pipe 12 in the embodiment of FIG. 4, the base an upper structure dimensioned accordingly. In the case of platforms of large dimensions, it increases advantageously the stability by dead bodies 18 resting on the platform.
  • the rolls of guide 19 disposed below the end of the underwater pipe 11 resting at the bottom of the sea have axes preferably parallel to the said platform and solidary of it, and arranged on both sides of the base of the console.
  • the pads 19 are mounted around the pipe 11 by means of an assembly structure 19 3 surrounding said pipe.
  • any twisting rotation of the end of the pipe on itself about its longitudinal axis XX ' is prevented by the anti-rotation devices 19 1 , 19 2 .
  • the anti-rotation devices 19 1 , 19 2 thus prevent the transmission to the said first elbow-shaped flexible pipe element of the twisting phenomena of the pipe around its axis which appear during the expansion or retraction movements of the pipe. under the effect of pressure or temperature.
  • said vertical riser 5 comprises in its upper part above said second flexible pipe element 14 a pipe system consisting of a pipe-in-pipe type thermal insulation system comprising a set of two coaxial pipes comprising an inner pipe 5 2 and an outer pipe 5 3, a fluid or insulating April 5 consisting for example paraffin wax material or a gel, preferably being positioned between said two piping 5 2, 5 3.
  • a pipe system consisting of a pipe-in-pipe type thermal insulation system comprising a set of two coaxial pipes comprising an inner pipe 5 2 and an outer pipe 5 3, a fluid or insulating April 5 consisting for example paraffin wax material or a gel, preferably being positioned between said two piping 5 2, 5 3.
  • the space between the two said pipes consists of a high vacuum.
  • the two so-called submarine ducts 11 1 , 11 2 resting on the bottom of the sea, or constituting the vertical riser portion, are assembled in a bundle within the same flexible protective envelope 11 3 flowing , for confining an insulating material 11 4 , preferably paraffin or a gel, surrounding said conduits.
  • an insulating material 11 4 preferably paraffin or a gel
  • one of the two pipes of the vertical beam is equipped at its end with the second flexible pipe element 14, then with the rigid pipe end portion 13 which will be secured to the top of the bracket 15 2 by means of the latch 15 3 , said latch ensuring the transmission of vertical forces exerted on said vertical riser, to the console, so to the base and its anchoring system.
  • the second line of the vertical beam will be connected directly to the corresponding pipe of the beam resting on the bottom by means of a hose or a pipe with reduced rigidity, the latter being either free to move in space, or obliged to pass in guides which will then limit the deflections.
  • the first conduct of the vertical beam will support the vertical forces of the tower, the second pipe then being free to move in space, or forced to pass in guides.
  • Figure 7 details a preferred way to allow movement axial axes of one of the risers 5a, 5b with respect to the other and when these are not assembled in a bundle, so that the differential expansions between risers can be released and do not induce unacceptable constraints, which could damage or ruin the tower.
  • the device according to the invention consists of a tubular collar 25 firmly attached to the riser 5a and connected rigidly at 27 to a tubular ring 26 sliding freely on the riser 5b.
  • the collars are distributed along the risers, at regular intervals or not, and installed preferably in opposition as represented on the same Fig.
  • the two risers being integral with the base at the level of connections with said second flexible pipe element 14, if only the riser 5a is in temperature the sliding rings 26 allow the expansion of said riser 5a and almost all the expansion is at the top of the vertical riser, at the gooseneck as shown in Figure 8.
  • Said third flexible pipe 7 has at its ends elements of gradual variation of inertia section 7 1 , 7 2 respectively at the underside of the float 6 and the upper end 4 1 of the gooseneck.
  • the installation according to the invention comprises two groups each comprising a plurality of floats 30a, 30b at the top of the at least two so-called vertical risers 5a, 5b.
  • Said floats 30a, 30b of the same group are held together and fixed in relation to each other by means of a rigid structure in the form of a rectangular frame consisting of two bars vertical parallels 33 and two transverse parallel bars 36 enclosing them and supporting them.
  • the two rectangular frames of the two groups of floats 30a, 30b are connected to each other by two articulated frames in the form of parallelogram on each side, each consisting of two parallel bars substantially vertical 33 and connected at their ends by joints 35 at the ends of transverse parallel bars upper 34a and lower 34b.
  • the assembly forms a deformable parallelepiped by vertical translation said rectangular frames relative to each other, allowing relative vertical displacements of each of said groups of floats, one for each relationship to the other, generated in particular by differential expansion.
  • the structure supports a group of three floats 30a, whose central float is crossed by a pipe 8 in continuity of said third flexible 7 and opening to the upper part of said float on a sealed orifice 9, for example a plug valve spherical.
  • the riser 5b being cold is shorter than the riser 5a at higher temperature.
  • the group of floats 30b is is offset downward substantially the same distance. Both groups floats 30a, 30b are maintained substantially equidistant by means of the Parallelogram structures forming deformable parallelepipeds vertically, allows the vertical displacements generated, for example by the differential expansion of the two risers 5a, 5b, one being hot, the other being temperature of the sea water, so cold.
  • the connecting means of the floats have been described by means of bars 33, 34, articulated at the axis 35, but can equally well be made by deformable elements, for example elastomers, it being understood that the purpose sought is to maintain substantially constant distance both groups floats 30a-30b, to prevent them from colliding under the effect of the swell and current, while allowing relative movements in one direction corresponding substantially to the axis of the vertical pipes.

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Claims (17)

  1. Verbindungsanlage für eine Unterwasserleitung (11), die am Meeresboden, insbesondere in großer Tiefe, liegt, umfassend:
    I) mindestens ein Steigrohr (5), das mit seinem unteren Ende mit mindestens einer Unterwasserleitung (11), die am Meeresboden liegt, und mit seinem oberen Ende mit mindestens einem Schwimmer (6) verbunden ist, und
    II) vorzugsweise mindestens eine Verbindungsleitung (3), vorzugsweise eine biegsame Leitung, die die Verbindung zwischen einem schwimmenden Träger (1) und dem oberen Ende (4) des Steigrohrs (5) sicher stellt, und
    III) wobei die Verbindung zwischen dem unteren Ende (51) des Steigrohrs (5) und einer Unterwasserleitung (11), die am Meeresboden liegt, durch ein Verankerungssystem erfolgt, umfassend einen am Boden liegenden Sockel (151, 152), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    a - das untere Ende (51) des Steigrohrs (5) mit dem Ende der am Meeresboden liegenden Leitung (11) durch mindestens ein erstes biegsames Leitungselement (12) verbunden ist, das eine ellbogenförmige Krümmung aufweist, und
    b - der Sockel eine Plattform (151), die am Boden liegt, und eine obere Struktur (152) umfasst, die fest mit der Plattform verbunden ist und die Enden der am Boden liegenden Unterwasserleitung (11) und des Steigrohrs, die an das erste biegsame Leitungselement angeschlossen sind, in Position hält, so dass:
    das Ende des ersten biegsamen Leitungselements (12), das an das untere Ende (51) des Steigrohrs (5) angeschlossen ist, in fester Position (153) in Bezug auf den Sockel (151, 152) gehalten wird, und
    vorzugsweise die Achsen (XX', YY') der Enden der am Boden liegenden Unterwasserleitung (11) und des Steigrohrs (5), die an das erste biegsame Leitungselement (12) angeschlossen sind, in einer zur Plattform senkrechten Ebene gehalten werden.
  2. Anlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    a) das Steigrohr (5) an seinem unteren Ende (51) einen starren Leitungsendabschnitt (13) umfasst, der mit dem oberen Teil (52) des Steigrohrs durch ein zweites biegsames Leitungselement (14) verbunden ist, das Winkelbewegungen a des oberen Teils (52) in Bezug auf den starren Leitungsendabschnitt (13) gestattet, und
    b) der Sockel (151, 152) eine obere Struktur (152) umfasst, die den starren Leitungsendabschnitt (13) des Steigrohrs (5), dessen Ende mit dem ersten biegsamen Leitungselement (12) verbunden ist, starr in fester Position (153) in Bezug auf den Sockel hält.
  3. Anlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sockel (151, 152) Befestigungsträger (161) umfasst, die das Ende des biegsamen Leitungselements (12), das an das Ende der am Boden liegenden Unterwasserleitung (11) angeschlossen ist, in fester Position in Bezug auf den Sockel hält.
  4. Anlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sockel (151, 152) Führungselemente (19) umfasst, die die Verschiebung des Endes der am Boden liegenden Unterwasserleitung (11) in Längstranslation entlang ihrer Achse XX' gestatten.
  5. Anlage nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Führungselemente Rollen oder Reibungselemente (19) umfassen, auf denen das Ende der am Boden liegenden Unterwasserleitung (11) in Längstranslation in der Achse XX' des Endes gleiten kann.
  6. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Führungsmittel Antirotationsmittel (191, 192) umfassen, die die Drehung des Endes der Unterwasserleitung (11) um ihre Längsachse (XX') verhindern.
  7. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sockel eine obere Struktur (152) umfasst, die fest mit einer Plattform (151) verbunden ist, wobei die obere Struktur eine in Bezug auf die Plattform erhabene Konsole bildet, wobei die Plattform vorzugsweise mit den Führungsmitteln (19) verbunden ist, die ebenfalls vorzugsweise in Rollen bestehen, die beiderseits der Basis der Konsole, die auf der Plattform liegt, verteilt sind, und dass die Konsole in ihrem in Bezug auf die Plattform erhabenen Teil einen Riegel (153) umfasst, der es ermöglicht, das untere Ende (51, 13) des Steigrohrs festzustellen.
  8. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sockel eine Plattform (151) umfasst, die mit Stabilisierungselementen (17, 18) zusammenwirkt, die Ankerbojen (18), die über der Plattform (151) angeordnet sind, und Sauganker (17) umfassen, die durch die Plattform hindurchgehen (163), um im Boden versenkt zu werden.
  9. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Verbindungsvorrichtung (4, 7) zwischen dem Schwimmer (6) und dem oberen Ende (52) des Steigrohrs (5) besitzt, umfassend:
    ein drittes biegsames Leitungselement (7), dessen Enden im Bereich der Unterseite des Schwimmers (6) bzw. des oberen Endes des Steigrohrs (5) eingesetzt sind,
    wobei die Verbindung der dritten biegsamen Leitung (7) am oberen Ende des Steigrohrs (5) mit Hilfe einer schwanenhalsförmigen Vorrichtung (4) erfolgt, wobei die schwanenhalsförmige Vorrichtung (4) auch die Verbindung zwischen dem Steigrohr (5) und einer Verbindungsleitung (3) mit dem Schwimmträger, vorzugsweise einer biegsamen Verbindung, gewährleistet,
    wobei die dritte biegsame Leitung (7) vorzugsweise über den Schwimmer (6) durch eine starre Rohrleitung (8) verlängert ist, die vom einen Ende des Schwimmers zum anderen geht, so dass ein Eingriff in das Innere des Steigrohrs (5) von der Oberseite des Schwimmers (6) aus durch die starre Rohrleitung (8), dann durch die Verbindungsvorrichtung, die von der dritten biegsamen Leitung (7) gebildet ist, und durch die schwanenhalsförmige Vorrichtung (4) möglich ist, so dass in das Innere des Steigrohrs (5) zugegriffen werden und dieses durch Einspritzen von Flüssigkeit und/oder durch Abschaben der Innenwand des Steigrohrs (5), dann der am Meeresboden liegenden Unterwasserleitung (11) gereinigt werden kann.
  10. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie umfasst:
    mindestens zwei Steigrohre (5a, 5b), die im Wesentlichen parallel und nebeneinander liegend und mit ihrem oberen Ende mit mindestens einem Schwimmer verbunden sind, und
    mindestens zwei Leitungen, die am Meeresboden liegen (11), und
    wobei der Sockel (151, 152) die unteren Enden (13) der Steigrohre (5) in fester Position in Bezug auf den Sockel halten, und
    wobei die Anlage mindestens zwei biegsame Leitungselemente (12) umfasst, die die Enden der am Meeresboden liegenden Unterwasserleitungen (11) und die unteren Enden (13) der Steigrohre verbinden.
  11. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens zwei Unterwasserleitungen (111, 112), die am Meeresboden liegen, in einer selben biegsamen Schutzhülle (113) zu einem Bündel vereinigt sind, die es ermöglicht, ein Isoliermaterial (114), vorzugsweise Paraffin oder eine Gelverbindung, das die Unterwasserleitungen (111, 112) umgibt, einzugrenzen.
  12. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    mindestens zwei der am Meersboden liegenden Unterwasserleitungen (111, 112), die zu einem Bündel in einer selben Schutzhülle (113) vereinigt sind, es ermöglichen, ein Isoliermaterial (114), vorzugsweise Paraffin oder eine Gelverbindung, das die Leitungen umgibt, einzugrenzen, und
    mindestens zwei der Steigrohre (5a, 5b) zu einem Bündel in einer selben biegsamen Schutzhülle vereinigt sind, die es ermöglicht, ein Isoliermaterial, vorzugsweise Paraffin oder eine Gelverbindung, das die Steigrohre umgibt, einzugrenzen,
    wobei die Verbindung zwischen jeder der Grundleitungen des Bündels von der Leitung des am Boden liegenden Bündels zu der entsprechenden Leitung des Steigleitungsbündels von mindestens einem ersten biegsamen Leitungselement gebildet ist.
  13. Anlage nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein erstes und ein zweites Steigrohr (5a, 5b) im Wesentlichen mit Hilfe eines Gleitverbindungssystems (25-27) parallel gehalten werden, das die Axialverschiebungen des ersten Steigrohrs (5a) in Bezug auf das zweite Steigrohr (5b) gestattet, wobei das Verbindungssystem eine Rohrschelle (25) umfasst, die um das erste Steigrohr (5a) befestigt ist, wobei die Rohrschelle (25) starr (27) mit einem Rohrring (26) verbunden ist, der frei um das zweite Steigrohr (5b) gleitet, wobei vorzugsweise eine Vielzahl von Rohrschellen (25) eines selben Gleitverbindungssystems (281) entlang jedes der Steigrohre (5a, 5b) abwechselnd mit den Ringen (26) eines weiteren Verbindungssystems (282) auf einem selben Steigrohr (5a, 5b) verteilt sind.
  14. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mindestens einen Schwimmer, vorzugsweise eine Gruppe mit einer Vielzahl von Schwimmern (30a, 30b) an der Spitze jedes der mindestens zwei Steigrohre (5a, 5b) umfasst, wobei die Schwimmer (30a, 30b) mit Hilfe einer Struktur (33, 34, 35 und 36) fest gehalten werden, die sie trägt und relative Vertikalverschiebungen jeder der Schwimmergruppen zueinander gestattet.
  15. Anlage nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die die Schwimmergruppen tragende Struktur Gelenkstrukturen in Form von durch vertikale Translation (33, 34a; 34b) verformbaren Parallelogrammen umfasst.
  16. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Steigrohr (5) in seinem oberen Teil über dem zweiten biegsamen Leitungselement (14) ein System von isolierten Leitungen umfasst, das von einer Einheit von zwei koaxialen Leitungen gebildet ist, umfassend eine Innenleitung (52) und eine Außenleitung (53), wobei ein Fluid oder ein Isoliermaterial (54) oder auch Vakuum vorzugsweise zwischen den beiden Leitungen (52, 53) angeordnet wird.
  17. Verfahren zur Anbringung einer Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die folgenden Schritte umfasst, wobei:
    a) nach und nach Stoß an Stoß ausgerichtet die Leitung (11), die dazu bestimmt ist, am Meeresboden zu liegen, das erste biegsame Leitungselement (12), die starre Leitung, die dazu bestimmt ist, das Steigrohr (5) zu bilden, und gegebenenfalls und vorzugsweise das zweite biegsame Leitungselement vorzusammengebaut werden,
    b) ein Sockel (151, 152) angebracht wird, der mit dem Zusammenbau aus Schritt 1 zusammenwirkt, so dass:
    die Leitung, die dazu bestimmt ist, am Meeresboden zu liegen, und die starre Leitung, die dazu bestimmt ist, das Steigrohr zu bilden, auf der Plattform (151), vorzugsweise in der Nähe der Enden der Leitungen (11, 13), die mit den biegsamen Leitungselementen (12, 14) verbunden sind, befestigt werden, und
    das Ende des ersten biegsamen Leitungselements (12), das an das innere Ende (51, 13) des Steigrohrs angeschlossen ist, nicht von der oberen Struktur (152) des Sockels gehalten wird,
    c) der Zusammenbau aus Schritt 2 im Meer bis zum gewünschten Standort geschleppt wird,
    d) am Meeresboden der Sockel (151, 152) aufgestellt wird, der vorzugsweise mit Stabilisierungselementen (17, 18) stabilisiert wird, und
    e) das Steigrohr (5, 13) von dem Sockel gelöst wird (162), dann
    f) das untere Ende (13) des Steigrohrs (5) mit der oberen Struktur (152) des Sockels verbunden wird (153), um es in Bezug auf den Sockel in der festen vertikalen Position zu halten.
EP02748946A 2001-06-15 2002-06-12 Verbindungsanlage zwischen einer unterwasserleitung und einem unterwassersteigrohr Expired - Lifetime EP1395731B1 (de)

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FR0107893 2001-06-15
FR0107893A FR2826051B1 (fr) 2001-06-15 2001-06-15 Installation de liaison fond-surface d'une conduite sous-marine reliee a un riser par au moins un element de conduite flexible maintenu par une embase
PCT/FR2002/002002 WO2002103153A1 (fr) 2001-06-15 2002-06-12 Installation de liaison d'une conduite sous-marine reliee a un riser

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FR2790054B1 (fr) 1999-02-19 2001-05-25 Bouygues Offshore Procede et dispositif de liaison fond-surface par conduite sous marine installee a grande profondeur

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015170046A1 (fr) 2014-05-07 2015-11-12 Technip France Méthode de raccordement d'une conduite de fond et d'une conduite montante
US10018285B2 (en) 2014-05-07 2018-07-10 Technip France Method for connecting a bottom pipe and a riser pipe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE309448T1 (de) 2005-11-15
EP1395731A1 (de) 2004-03-10
CN1516776A (zh) 2004-07-28
FR2826051B1 (fr) 2003-09-19
DE60207244D1 (de) 2005-12-15
FR2826051A1 (fr) 2002-12-20
WO2002103153A1 (fr) 2002-12-27
US6854930B2 (en) 2005-02-15
US20040156684A1 (en) 2004-08-12
OA12630A (fr) 2006-06-14
BR0210923A (pt) 2004-06-08
MXPA03011633A (es) 2005-03-07
BR0210923B1 (pt) 2012-03-20

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