EP1395495B1 - Pallet - Google Patents
Pallet Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1395495B1 EP1395495B1 EP02744886A EP02744886A EP1395495B1 EP 1395495 B1 EP1395495 B1 EP 1395495B1 EP 02744886 A EP02744886 A EP 02744886A EP 02744886 A EP02744886 A EP 02744886A EP 1395495 B1 EP1395495 B1 EP 1395495B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pallet
- slat
- elements
- pallet according
- slats
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D19/0004—Rigid pallets without side walls
- B65D19/0053—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element
- B65D19/0055—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming a continuous plane contact surface
- B65D19/0067—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of more than one element
- B65D19/0069—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of more than one element forming a continuous plane contact surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D19/0004—Rigid pallets without side walls
- B65D19/0053—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element
- B65D19/0055—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming a continuous plane contact surface
- B65D19/0067—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of more than one element
- B65D19/0071—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces
- B65D19/0073—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces and each contact surface having a stringer-like shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00009—Materials
- B65D2519/00014—Materials for the load supporting surface
- B65D2519/00034—Plastic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00009—Materials
- B65D2519/00049—Materials for the base surface
- B65D2519/00059—Metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00263—Overall construction of the pallet
- B65D2519/00273—Overall construction of the pallet made of more than one piece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00283—Overall construction of the load supporting surface
- B65D2519/00293—Overall construction of the load supporting surface made of more than one piece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
- B65D2519/00323—Overall construction of the base surface made of more than one piece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
- B65D2519/00328—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base
- B65D2519/00333—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base contact surface having a stringer-like shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
- B65D2519/00328—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base
- B65D2519/00343—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base contact surface being substantially in the form of a panel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00398—Overall construction reinforcements
- B65D2519/00402—Integral, e.g. ribs
- B65D2519/00407—Integral, e.g. ribs on the load supporting surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00547—Connections
- B65D2519/00552—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer
- B65D2519/00557—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00547—Connections
- B65D2519/00552—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer
- B65D2519/00557—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements
- B65D2519/00562—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements chemical connection, e.g. glued, welded, sealed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00547—Connections
- B65D2519/00552—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer
- B65D2519/00557—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements
- B65D2519/00567—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements mechanical connection, e.g. snap-fitted
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00736—Details
- B65D2519/00825—Finishing of the external surfaces
- B65D2519/0083—Anti-slip means
- B65D2519/00835—Integral
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S108/00—Horizontally supported planar surfaces
- Y10S108/901—Synthetic plastic industrial platform, e.g. pallet
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S108/00—Horizontally supported planar surfaces
- Y10S108/901—Synthetic plastic industrial platform, e.g. pallet
- Y10S108/902—Made with deformable integral fastening elements
Definitions
- This invention relates to a pallet.
- Pallets have traditionally been made from timber.
- Timber also carries with it the risk of transferring diseases and insect pests, a danger which is compounded by the use of timber pallets in international trade.
- Thermoplastic materials which are recyclable, do however display a number of disadvantages such as an unfavourable cost to strength ratio, the existence of a creep characteristic which leads to an over-design situation with a resulting higher cost, and the requirement to make use of flame retardants, which are expensive, to minimize fire hazards.
- Thermosetting plastic materials on the other hand are not recyclable and, generally, are subject to slow and costly manufacturing techniques.
- All-steel pallets have been used but have only enjoyed limited success. Steel pallets are heavy and consequently are expensive. in an attempt to address the weight problem it has been proposed to make pallets from mesh, eg. welded wire mesh. A problem which arises in this connection is that it is difficult to achieve a predetermined ratio, of the order of 40%, of the bottom surface area to the upper surface area of the pallet. This is necessary to reduce stress concentrations when pallets are stacked one on the other.
- Prior art document US 4,869,179 discloses a pallet which includes a plurality of elongate metallic elements and a plurality of slats which are engageable with the elements, as well as a pallet slat which is formed from a plastics material and which has an upper surface.
- the present invention relates to a pallet, as well as to a pallet slat, comprising the features of the independent claims. Preferred embodiments are set forth in the dependent claims.
- the invention provides a pallet which includes a frame formed by a plurality of elongate metallic elements, and a plurality of slats which are engaged with the elements.
- the slats may be engaged with the elements to form a substantially planar upper surface and a lower support surface or surfaces.
- the slats may be made from an appropriate plastics material for example by means of a moulding process.
- the slats may be engaged with the elements in any appropriate way and preferably are engaged with a snap fit with the elements.
- the slats and the metallic elements may include interengaging complementary formations.
- Each slat may be of any appropriate size and shape and, in a preferred example, each slat has a planar upper surface with a plurality of underlying reinforcing ribs or similar formations. To reduce weight and the consumption of material each slat may be formed with one or more openings.
- Each slat may be made from any appropriate material such as polyethylene, polypropylene or polyurethane.
- the choice of material depends however on a number of requirements including cost, durability, weight, resistance to ageing and the like.
- each slat may be roughened, in any appropriate way, to display a desirable coefficient of friction. This helps to ensure that a product placed on the slats remains in position.
- the upper surface may be sandblasted but preferably is moulded with a roughened upper surface defined for example by small projections on the upper surface.
- Each elongate metallic element may have any appropriate cross sectional shape.
- each element has an arcuate cross section ie. concave and convex outer surfaces.
- the arcuate cross section of the elongate metallic element may subtend any appropriate angle which may vary according to requirement and which typically is in the range of from 150° to 170°.
- each elongate metallic element is oriented to provide maximum strength.
- Each elongate metallic element is preferably oriented so that its width is positioned in a vertical orientation, in use of the pallet.
- each elongate metallic element is made from high tensile steel.
- the elements may be secured to each other in any appropriate way and for example are fixed to each other by means of welding.
- Figures 1 and 2 respectively illustrate a full perimeter base pallet 10 and a skid-type pallet 12 made, in each instance, using the principles of the invention.
- Overall the pallets 10 and 12 are substantially conventional in appearance although it is to be noted that each pallet on an upper surface has a tile-like or slat-like appearance.
- Figure 3 is a plan view of a portion of the pallet 10, on an enlarged scale. It is to be understood though that the following description applies equally to the construction of the pallet 12.
- Figures 3, 4 and 5 illustrate a plastic slat 16 which is engaged with spaced steel elements 18 and 20 respectively.
- the slat 16 is one of a plurality of slats, see Figure 1, which make up a substantially planar upper surface 22A of the pallet 10 and which are designated 16A, 16B .... 16N respectively.
- the pallet 10 On its under side 22B, not visible in Figure 1, the pallet 10 also has a number of slats which face downwardly. The number of slats on the underside is substantially less than the number of slats on the upper side.
- Each slat is moulded from a suitable plastics material such as polypropylene.
- the slat has a planar upper surface 24 which is roughened by means of integrally moulded projections 25 so that it possess a suitable coefficient of friction, downwardly depending sides 26, and a plurality of reinforcing ribs 28 on its underside.
- Elongate slots 30 are formed through the planar surface of the slat at regular intervals. This reduces the weight of the slat without compromising its strength.
- the sides 26 of the slat are arcuate in shape.
- the side on the right in Figure 4, designated 26A has a concave outer surface while the side on the left in Figure 4, designated 26B, has a convex outer surface.
- each element 18 and 20 are made from high tensile steel. It is apparent, particularly from Figure 4, that each element has an arcuate cross section with a convex outer surface 32 and a convex inner surface 34. The inner and outer surfaces subtend an angle 36, at the centre of curvature, which lies between 150° and 170°. A typical value is of the order of 150°.
- the steel elements are welded to each other in a lattice-type configuration to form a frame. As far as is possible the elements are oriented, as shown in Figure 4, so that the width 38 of each element is in a vertical orientation. The elements are spaced from each other by a distance 40 which is effectively the width of a slat 16.
- openings 42 are spaced to define openings 42, of predetermined dimensions, which allow the ingress of forks of a fork lifter or similar appliance so that the pallet and its load can be handled.
- openings 42 of predetermined dimensions, which allow the ingress of forks of a fork lifter or similar appliance so that the pallet and its load can be handled.
- the construction which has been described for the upper side 22A of the pallet applies equally to the lower side 22B although, as noted, the number of slats used on the underside is significantly less than the number of slats used on the upper side.
- the total surface area of the slats on the underside should be at least approximately 40% of the total surface area of the slats on the upper side of the pallet.
- the steel elements are placed in a jig and are then welded to each other using any appropriate welding technique eg. robotic welding.
- the resulting frame is then galvanised or otherwise protected against corrosion.
- the slats 16, which are premoulded, are then engaged with a snap action into the respective openings formed in the steel frame. Each slat engages with the steel frame in the manner shown in Figure 4. Once all of the slats have been engaged with the frame the pallet is ready for use.
- the pallet of the invention has a number of benefits. Through suitable design the pallet can be constructed to take a load of up to two tons. This compares favourably to the loading capacity of a conventional timber pallet which is typically of the order of 1,5 tons.
- the composite steel/plastic construction is inert to insects and has a good strength to mass relationship, has a long life, can be recycled when necessary, and is not subjected to splintering or rotting. Although the pallet can be recycled it has minimal scrap value. This reduces its attractiveness as a theft target.
- the ratio of the mass of the pallet to its load carrying capacity is significantly better than the corresponding ratio for a timber pallet.
- the pallet does not display creep with time or temperature under normal operating conditions and it can be manufactured in large volumes.
- the pallet can be refurbished when necessary simply by replacing broken slats or by welding or replacing damaged metallic elements, as the case may be.
- the steel elements are, wherever possible, oriented so that the width 38 of each element is vertical. However to allow the forks of a fork lifter to enter the apertures 42, without snagging, rounded surfaces of the elements may be used to define perimeters of the apertures, or other steel members may be used.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pallets (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
- Massaging Devices (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to a pallet.
- Pallets have traditionally been made from timber. The use of timber in a world which is increasingly sensitive to ecological factors, is becoming unacceptable. Timber also carries with it the risk of transferring diseases and insect pests, a danger which is compounded by the use of timber pallets in international trade.
- As an alternative to timber pallets is known to make pallets from a plastics material. Thermoplastic materials, which are recyclable, do however display a number of disadvantages such as an unfavourable cost to strength ratio, the existence of a creep characteristic which leads to an over-design situation with a resulting higher cost, and the requirement to make use of flame retardants, which are expensive, to minimize fire hazards. Thermosetting plastic materials on the other hand are not recyclable and, generally, are subject to slow and costly manufacturing techniques.
- All-steel pallets have been used but have only enjoyed limited success. Steel pallets are heavy and consequently are expensive. in an attempt to address the weight problem it has been proposed to make pallets from mesh, eg. welded wire mesh. A problem which arises in this connection is that it is difficult to achieve a predetermined ratio, of the order of 40%, of the bottom surface area to the upper surface area of the pallet. This is necessary to reduce stress concentrations when pallets are stacked one on the other.
- It has also been proposed to make use of recycled rubber which is bonded to steel sections to make a composite pallet. The resulting construction is however heavy and can be expensive.
- Prior art document US 4,869,179, from which the preamble of the claims emanates, discloses a pallet which includes a plurality of elongate metallic elements and a plurality of slats which are engageable with the elements, as well as a pallet slat which is formed from a plastics material and which has an upper surface.
- A need exists for a pallet which does not host insects and which is relatively inexpensive, robust and with good loading characteristics.
- The present invention relates to a pallet, as well as to a pallet slat, comprising the features of the independent claims. Preferred embodiments are set forth in the dependent claims.
- The invention provides a pallet which includes a frame formed by a plurality of elongate metallic elements, and a plurality of slats which are engaged with the elements.
- The slats may be engaged with the elements to form a substantially planar upper surface and a lower support surface or surfaces.
- The slats may be made from an appropriate plastics material for example by means of a moulding process.
- The slats may be engaged with the elements in any appropriate way and preferably are engaged with a snap fit with the elements. To achieve this the slats and the metallic elements may include interengaging complementary formations.
- Each slat may be of any appropriate size and shape and, in a preferred example, each slat has a planar upper surface with a plurality of underlying reinforcing ribs or similar formations. To reduce weight and the consumption of material each slat may be formed with one or more openings.
- Each slat may be made from any appropriate material such as polyethylene, polypropylene or polyurethane. The choice of material depends however on a number of requirements including cost, durability, weight, resistance to ageing and the like.
- The upper surface of each slat may be roughened, in any appropriate way, to display a desirable coefficient of friction. This helps to ensure that a product placed on the slats remains in position. The upper surface may be sandblasted but preferably is moulded with a roughened upper surface defined for example by small projections on the upper surface.
- Each elongate metallic element may have any appropriate cross sectional shape. In a preferred form of the invention though each element has an arcuate cross section ie. concave and convex outer surfaces. The arcuate cross section of the elongate metallic element may subtend any appropriate angle which may vary according to requirement and which typically is in the range of from 150° to 170°.
- Within the frame the elongate metallic elements are oriented to provide maximum strength. Each elongate metallic element is preferably oriented so that its width is positioned in a vertical orientation, in use of the pallet.
- Preferably each elongate metallic element is made from high tensile steel.
- The elements may be secured to each other in any appropriate way and for example are fixed to each other by means of welding.
- The invention is further described by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a full perimeter base pallet according to the invention,
- Figure 2 is a perspective view of a skid-type pallet made using the principles of the invention,
- Figure 3 is an enlarged plan view of a portion of a pallet according to the invention,
- Figure 4 is a cross sectional side view of the pallet portion shown in Figure 3 taken on a line 4 - 4, and
- Figure 5 is a cross sectional view of the pallet portion shown in Figure 3 taken on a line 5-5.
-
- Figures 1 and 2 respectively illustrate a full
perimeter base pallet 10 and a skid-type pallet 12 made, in each instance, using the principles of the invention. Overall thepallets - Figure 3 is a plan view of a portion of the
pallet 10, on an enlarged scale. It is to be understood though that the following description applies equally to the construction of thepallet 12. - Figures 3, 4 and 5 illustrate a
plastic slat 16 which is engaged with spacedsteel elements 18 and 20 respectively. - The
slat 16 is one of a plurality of slats, see Figure 1, which make up a substantially planarupper surface 22A of thepallet 10 and which are designated 16A, 16B .... 16N respectively. On its under side 22B, not visible in Figure 1, thepallet 10 also has a number of slats which face downwardly. The number of slats on the underside is substantially less than the number of slats on the upper side. - Each slat is moulded from a suitable plastics material such as polypropylene. The slat has a planar
upper surface 24 which is roughened by means of integrallymoulded projections 25 so that it possess a suitable coefficient of friction, downwardly dependingsides 26, and a plurality of reinforcingribs 28 on its underside.Elongate slots 30 are formed through the planar surface of the slat at regular intervals. This reduces the weight of the slat without compromising its strength. - The
sides 26 of the slat are arcuate in shape. The side on the right in Figure 4, designated 26A, has a concave outer surface while the side on the left in Figure 4, designated 26B, has a convex outer surface. - The
elements 18 and 20 are made from high tensile steel. It is apparent, particularly from Figure 4, that each element has an arcuate cross section with a convexouter surface 32 and a convexinner surface 34. The inner and outer surfaces subtend anangle 36, at the centre of curvature, which lies between 150° and 170°. A typical value is of the order of 150°. - The steel elements are welded to each other in a lattice-type configuration to form a frame. As far as is possible the elements are oriented, as shown in Figure 4, so that the
width 38 of each element is in a vertical orientation. The elements are spaced from each other by adistance 40 which is effectively the width of aslat 16. - Referring again to Figure 2 the elements, on the sides of the pallet, are spaced to define
openings 42, of predetermined dimensions, which allow the ingress of forks of a fork lifter or similar appliance so that the pallet and its load can be handled. A similar observation applies to the skid-type pallet 12. These aspects are however known in the art and consequently are not further described in detail. - The construction which has been described for the
upper side 22A of the pallet applies equally to the lower side 22B although, as noted, the number of slats used on the underside is significantly less than the number of slats used on the upper side. To ensure that stress concentrations, in use, do not exceed predetermined maximum values, the total surface area of the slats on the underside should be at least approximately 40% of the total surface area of the slats on the upper side of the pallet. - In order to form the steel frame the steel elements are placed in a jig and are then welded to each other using any appropriate welding technique eg. robotic welding. The resulting frame is then galvanised or otherwise protected against corrosion. The
slats 16, which are premoulded, are then engaged with a snap action into the respective openings formed in the steel frame. Each slat engages with the steel frame in the manner shown in Figure 4. Once all of the slats have been engaged with the frame the pallet is ready for use. - The pallet of the invention has a number of benefits. Through suitable design the pallet can be constructed to take a load of up to two tons. This compares favourably to the loading capacity of a conventional timber pallet which is typically of the order of 1,5 tons.
- The composite steel/plastic construction is inert to insects and has a good strength to mass relationship, has a long life, can be recycled when necessary, and is not subjected to splintering or rotting. Although the pallet can be recycled it has minimal scrap value. This reduces its attractiveness as a theft target.
- The ratio of the mass of the pallet to its load carrying capacity is significantly better than the corresponding ratio for a timber pallet.
- The pallet does not display creep with time or temperature under normal operating conditions and it can be manufactured in large volumes. The pallet can be refurbished when necessary simply by replacing broken slats or by welding or replacing damaged metallic elements, as the case may be.
- The steel elements are, wherever possible, oriented so that the
width 38 of each element is vertical. However to allow the forks of a fork lifter to enter theapertures 42, without snagging, rounded surfaces of the elements may be used to define perimeters of the apertures, or other steel members may be used.
Claims (14)
- A pallet (10) which includes a plurality of elongate metallic elements (18, 20) and a plurality of slats (16) which are engageable with said elongate metallic elements (18, 20), characterised in that the elongate metallic elements (18, 20) are secured to one another to form a frame, each element having concave (34) and convex (32) outer surfaces, and each slat (16) having two opposed sides (26A, 26B) which are respectively convex and concave and which are engageable, with a snap fit, with respective concave (34) and convex (32) outer surfaces of two adjacent elements.
- A pallet according to claim 1 wherein the slats (16) are engaged with the elements (18, 20) to form a substantially planar upper surface (22A).
- A pallet according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the slats (16) are engaged with the elements (18, 20) to form a lower support surface (22B) or surfaces.
- A pallet according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the slats (16) are made from a plastics material.
- A pallet according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the opposed sides (26A, 26B) of each slat includes formations which are respectively complementary to the concave (34) and convex (32) outer surfaces of the elements.
- A pallet according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein each slat (16) has a planar upper surface (22A) with a plurality of underlying reinforcing formations (28).
- A pallet according to any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein each slat is formed with one or more openings (30).
- A pallet according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein each slat (16) has a roughened upper surface (25).
- A pallet according to any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein the concave outer surface (34) of each metallic element (18, 20) subtends an angle which is in the range of from 150° to 170°.
- A pallet according to any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein each elongate metallic element (18, 20) is oriented so that its width (38) is positioned in a vertical orientation, in use.
- A pallet according to any one of claims 1 to 10 wherein each elongate metallic element (18, 20) is made from high tensile steel.
- A pallet according to any one of claims 3 to 11 wherein the frame is formed by welding the metallic elements (18, 20) together.
- A pallet slat (16) which is formed from a plastics material and which has an upper surface (22A), characterised in that it has a first side which has a concave outer surface (34) and a second side which opposes the first side and which has a convex outer surface (32).
- A slat according to claim 13 which has a plurality of reinforcing formations (28) underlying the upper surface.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ZA200104473 | 2001-05-31 | ||
ZA200104473 | 2001-05-31 | ||
PCT/ZA2002/000091 WO2002096766A1 (en) | 2001-05-31 | 2002-05-30 | Pallet |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1395495A1 EP1395495A1 (en) | 2004-03-10 |
EP1395495B1 true EP1395495B1 (en) | 2005-04-13 |
Family
ID=25589182
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02744886A Expired - Lifetime EP1395495B1 (en) | 2001-05-31 | 2002-05-30 | Pallet |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7182026B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1395495B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE293069T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60203710T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2242039T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1395495E (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002096766A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200308755B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090223422A1 (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2009-09-10 | Conitex-Sonoco, Llc | Pallets rails and methods for making same |
US20090090280A1 (en) * | 2007-04-04 | 2009-04-09 | Titan Tube Fabricators, Inc. | Stackable pallet assembly and method of assembly and use thereof |
US9714116B2 (en) | 2015-04-06 | 2017-07-25 | Monoflo International, Inc. | Two-component pallet |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2154275B1 (en) | 1971-08-23 | 1975-09-26 | Plastimonde Sa | |
US3910204A (en) * | 1974-06-20 | 1975-10-07 | Evans Prod Co | Structural foam skid |
US4869179A (en) * | 1988-11-14 | 1989-09-26 | Sammons Larry P | Interchangeable part plastic pallet |
US4895080A (en) * | 1989-02-10 | 1990-01-23 | Thomas Peter C | Interlocking freight pallet |
US5333555A (en) * | 1990-02-20 | 1994-08-02 | Mcphee Bruce A | Pallet constructed without nails |
JP2696606B2 (en) | 1990-11-27 | 1998-01-14 | 株式会社ダイフク | Goods carrier |
US5440998A (en) * | 1994-02-03 | 1995-08-15 | Polycytek Of Michigan, Inc. | Plastic pallet assembly and method |
US5419386A (en) * | 1994-03-07 | 1995-05-30 | Magro; Sebastian | Insulated roll-up door provided with metal outer and inner walls |
US5636577A (en) * | 1995-09-14 | 1997-06-10 | Gow; Robert H. | Bamboo pallet |
NL1005834C2 (en) | 1996-04-22 | 1999-08-16 | Kute Kunststofftechnik Enginee | Plastic pallet. |
US6220558B1 (en) * | 1999-08-26 | 2001-04-24 | Dell Usa, L.P. | Computer monitor stand |
US6668734B2 (en) * | 2001-03-14 | 2003-12-30 | Coors Brewing Company | Disposable/recyclable pallet and method |
GB0300918D0 (en) * | 2003-01-15 | 2003-02-12 | Urban Jackson Sean P D | Multi-functional display panel combining interlocking panel couplings |
US6938559B2 (en) * | 2003-09-19 | 2005-09-06 | Kurt Wullenweber | Metal and plastic pallet assembly |
-
2002
- 2002-05-30 DE DE60203710T patent/DE60203710T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-30 EP EP02744886A patent/EP1395495B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-30 US US10/479,387 patent/US7182026B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-30 AT AT02744886T patent/ATE293069T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-05-30 PT PT02744886T patent/PT1395495E/en unknown
- 2002-05-30 WO PCT/ZA2002/000091 patent/WO2002096766A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-05-30 ES ES02744886T patent/ES2242039T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-11-11 ZA ZA2003/08755A patent/ZA200308755B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60203710D1 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
WO2002096766A1 (en) | 2002-12-05 |
ZA200308755B (en) | 2005-02-23 |
PT1395495E (en) | 2005-08-31 |
ES2242039T3 (en) | 2005-11-01 |
US7182026B2 (en) | 2007-02-27 |
ATE293069T1 (en) | 2005-04-15 |
DE60203710T2 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
US20040168617A1 (en) | 2004-09-02 |
EP1395495A1 (en) | 2004-03-10 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP3573896B1 (en) | Composite pallet | |
AU699906B2 (en) | Twin-sheet thermoformed pallet with high stiffness deck | |
EP2129586B1 (en) | Plastic pallet with snap-pins and associated method for making the same | |
US5505141A (en) | Plastic pallet | |
CA2648789C (en) | Pallet | |
US7841281B2 (en) | Transport pallet | |
US5492069A (en) | Pallet assembly | |
US5383409A (en) | Corrugated board pallet | |
US9139334B2 (en) | Pallet and method for using the pallet | |
US20080141912A1 (en) | Transport pallet | |
US20060201401A1 (en) | Impact-resisting pallet having metal stay | |
EP1836094A1 (en) | A pallet | |
US20050193929A1 (en) | SMC pallet | |
GB2440439A (en) | Pallet assembly | |
US20200247579A1 (en) | Modular pallets | |
US20060201399A1 (en) | Pallet having impact resisting plastic top | |
CA2425195A1 (en) | Stackable tray having prestressed sections | |
EP1395495B1 (en) | Pallet | |
WO1994003368A1 (en) | Carbon rubber pallet | |
EP0750567B1 (en) | Honeycomb pallet with a plastic casing | |
WO2006089242A2 (en) | Pallet having impact resisting plastic top | |
CA2599764A1 (en) | Impact-resisting pallet having metal stay | |
JPH0547070Y2 (en) | ||
CA2142050A1 (en) | Pallet construction |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20031219 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL LT LV MK RO SI |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: E-DEK INVESTMENTS (PTY) LTD |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: BIRKENMAYER, RONALD ANTON |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050413 Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050413 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050413 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050413 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050413 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050413 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050413 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 60203710 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20050519 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050530 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050530 Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050530 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050531 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050713 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050713 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050713 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: PT Ref legal event code: SC4A Effective date: 20050620 |
|
NLV1 | Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2242039 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20060116 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080530 |
|
PGRI | Patent reinstated in contracting state [announced from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Effective date: 20110616 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20180605 Year of fee payment: 17 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20180530 Year of fee payment: 17 Ref country code: PT Payment date: 20180530 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20180530 Year of fee payment: 17 Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20180530 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20180530 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 60203710 Country of ref document: DE |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20190530 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20191202 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20191203 Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190530 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190530 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190531 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20200930 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190531 |