EP1393302B1 - Method and device for automatically differentiating and/or detecting acoustic signals - Google Patents

Method and device for automatically differentiating and/or detecting acoustic signals Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1393302B1
EP1393302B1 EP02737775A EP02737775A EP1393302B1 EP 1393302 B1 EP1393302 B1 EP 1393302B1 EP 02737775 A EP02737775 A EP 02737775A EP 02737775 A EP02737775 A EP 02737775A EP 1393302 B1 EP1393302 B1 EP 1393302B1
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Prior art keywords
comparison value
reflection coefficient
value
calculated
acoustic signals
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1393302A1 (en
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Tim Fingscheidt
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Siemens AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L25/00—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00
    • G10L25/78—Detection of presence or absence of voice signals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for automatic differentiation and / or acoustic detection Signals, at least partially analyzed statistically and their reflection coefficients at least one Order can be calculated.
  • the reaction time of such a system is naturally relatively slow, since a complete loop of the number of reflection coefficients must be completed before a decision is made.
  • US-A-5 341 456 discloses a system for differentiating acoustic signals.
  • the object of the invention is now a method and a device for automatic differentiation and / or detection Acoustic signals indicate which one is less complex is executed and thus responds faster.
  • the inventor suggests the method for automatic Differentiation and / or detection of acoustic signals, at least partially analyzed statistically and their reflection coefficients of at least one order be calculated to improve that a comparative value is calculated by only one Reflection coefficient depends, and this with at least a predetermined reference value is compared.
  • the calculation of the comparison value eliminates the sign of the reflection coefficient, this being the case, for example, through the calculation of the amount of the Reflection coefficients or the calculation of the square of the Reflection coefficient is possible.
  • it can also an upper and a lower limit in the calculation method be given as a reference value so that the breakout of the comparison value from these barriers also to one leads to positive detection.
  • this procedure can also be advantageous when exceeding or falling below of the comparison value to at least one reference value on the Presence or absence of a speech activity be decided.
  • this procedure can also for determining voiceability or voicelessness the transmitted language or to distinguish tonal or non-tonal signals, for example the presence of DTMF signals.
  • the inventor also proposes a device for automatic differentiation and / or Detection of acoustic signals, especially in digital ones Voice transmission systems, which means to at least partially statistical analysis of acoustic signals and Calculation of the reflection coefficients of at least one order have to improve in that a means for Calculation of a comparison value is provided, the Comparison value only from a single reflection coefficient depends, and continues to be a means of comparison of the comparison value with at least one predetermined Reference value is provided.
  • means for eliminating the Sign of the reflection coefficient is provided, which is, for example, a means of calculating the Amount of the reflection coefficient or to calculate the Square of the reflection coefficient can act.
  • the indicated means can either be a corresponding circuit arrangement, or program modules, which are processed in a computer or processor become.
  • the inventor also suggests a computer program product with program funds to at least complete the steps according to at least one of the preceding method claims execute when the program means on a computer or Processor are running.
  • the reflection coefficients reflectioncoeff [k] must be calculated beforehand in a known manner and the threshold value THRESHOLD must be defined beforehand.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computational Linguistics (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Complex Calculations (AREA)
  • Transmission Systems Not Characterized By The Medium Used For Transmission (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur automatischen Differenzierung und/oder Detektion akustischer Signale, wobei diese zumindest teilweise statistisch analysiert und deren Reflektionskoeffizienten mindestens einer Ordnung berechnet werden.The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for automatic differentiation and / or acoustic detection Signals, at least partially analyzed statistically and their reflection coefficients at least one Order can be calculated.

Die statistische Analyse von Mikrofonsignalen zur Sprachdetektion ist allgemein bekannt. Bei dieser statistischen Analyse werden unter anderem Reflektionskoeffizienten berechnet, die es erlauben, Aussagen über das Vorhandensein eines Sprachsignals zu treffen.Statistical analysis of microphone signals for speech detection is well known. In this statistical analysis among other things, reflection coefficients are calculated, that allow statements about the existence of a To meet voice signal.

Aus der Patentschrift US 5,749,067 ist es bekannt, aus einer Vielzahl von errechneten Reflektionskoeffizienten einen Prädiktionsfehler zu berechnen und bei Unterschreiten eines vorgegebenen Schwellwertes das Vorhandensein eines Sprachsignals oder eines bestimmten Tons als detektiert anzunehmen. Alternativ kann auch ein Prädiktionsgewinn bestimmt werden, dann gilt das Sprachsignal oder der Ton als detektiert, wenn eine Schwelle überschritten wird.From US Pat. No. 5,749,067 it is known from a Plurality of calculated reflection coefficients a prediction error to be calculated and if the value falls below a specified value Threshold the presence of a speech signal or to assume a certain tone as detected. alternative a prediction gain can also be determined, then the speech signal or sound is considered to be detected if one Threshold is exceeded.

Der Nachteil dieses Verfahrens liegt im wesentlichen darin, daß zur Berechnung des Prädiktionsfehlers ein vollständiger Durchlauf über alle zur Detektion herangezogenen Reflektionskoeffizienten ri notwendig ist, da sich der Prädiktionsfehler aus dem Produkt aller (1-ri 2), mit i=1 bis n und n der Anzahl der herangezogenen Reflektionskoeffizienten, berechnet. Die Reaktionszeit eines solchen Systems ist naturgemäß relativ langsam, da jeweils eine vollständige Schleife über die Anzahl der vorhandenen Reflektionskoeffizienten abgeschlossen sein muß, bevor eine Entscheidung stattfindet. The main disadvantage of this method is that a complete run over all reflection coefficients r i used for the detection is necessary to calculate the prediction error, since the prediction error results from the product of all (1-r i 2 ), with i = 1 to n and n the number of reflection coefficients used. The reaction time of such a system is naturally relatively slow, since a complete loop of the number of reflection coefficients must be completed before a decision is made.

Nachfolgend ist ein Beispiel eines entsprechenden Programmes, gemäß den Vorschriften der genannten US-Patentschrift, angegeben.

Figure 00020001
An example of a corresponding program according to the regulations of the aforementioned US patent is given below.
Figure 00020001

US-A-5 341 456 offenbart ein System zur Differenzierung akustischer Signale.US-A-5 341 456 discloses a system for differentiating acoustic signals.

Es ist nun Aufgabe der Erfindung ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur automatischen Differenzierung und/oder Detektion akustischer Signale anzugeben, welche/welches weniger komplex ausgeführt ist und dadurch schneller anspricht.The object of the invention is now a method and a device for automatic differentiation and / or detection Acoustic signals indicate which one is less complex is executed and thus responds faster.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Patentansprüche gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand untergeordneter Ansprüche.This object is achieved through the features of the independent claims solved. Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of subordinate claims.

Der Erfinder hat erkannt, daß es nicht unbedingt notwendig ist, den Prädiktionsfehler über alle Reflektionskoeffizienten zu berechnen, sondern daß es ausreicht, die Entscheidung zur Differenzierung und/oder Detektion von akustischen Signalen anhand lediglich eines ausgewählten Reflektionskoeffizienten zu treffen. Hierbei ist anzumerken, daß unter akustischen Signalen beispielsweise Sprachsignale, DTMF-Signale (DTMF = discrete tone modulated frequenzy = diskrete tonmodulierte Frequenzen) oder auch.die bekannten Fax-Identifizierungssignale zu verstehen sind. Des weiteren ist unter Differenzierung und/oder Detektion auch die Unterscheidung zwischen Ruhe und dem Vorhandensein eines Signals zu verstehen. Unter akustischen Signalen sind außerdem auch alle elektronisch übertragenen Signale zu verstehen, die sich in akustische Signale umwandeln lassen. Meist handelt es sich dabei um Mikrofonsignale, die elektrische Spannungs- oder Stromsignale erzeugen.The inventor has recognized that it is not absolutely necessary is the prediction error over all reflection coefficients to calculate, but that it is sufficient to make the decision to Differentiation and / or detection of acoustic signals based on just a selected reflection coefficient hold true. It should be noted that under acoustic Signals, for example voice signals, DTMF signals (DTMF = discrete tone modulated frequenzy = discrete tone modulated Frequencies) or the well-known fax identification signals are to be understood. Furthermore is with differentiation and / or detection also the distinction between silence and the presence of a signal understand. There are also everyone under acoustic signals to understand electronically transmitted signals that are in Have acoustic signals converted. Mostly it is thereby about microphone signals, the electrical voltage or Generate current signals.

Demgemäß schlägt der Erfinder vor, das Verfahren zur automatischen Differenzierung und/oder Detektion akustischer Signale, wobei diese zumindest teilweise statistisch analysiert und deren Reflektionskoeffizienten mindestens einer Ordnung berechnet werden, dahingehend zu verbessern, daß ein Vergleichswert berechnet wird, der ausschließlich von einem einzigen Reflektionskoeffizienten abhängt, und dieser mit mindestens einem vorgegebenen Referenzwert verglichen wird.Accordingly, the inventor suggests the method for automatic Differentiation and / or detection of acoustic signals, at least partially analyzed statistically and their reflection coefficients of at least one order be calculated to improve that a comparative value is calculated by only one Reflection coefficient depends, and this with at least a predetermined reference value is compared.

Hierdurch wird eine wesentliche Verkürzung des Detektionsverfahrens erreicht, so daß eine schnellere Reaktion auf veränderte Situationen möglich ist.This significantly shortens the detection method achieved so that a faster response to changed Situations is possible.

Erfindungsgemäß wird bei der Berechnung des Vergleichswertes das Vorzeichen des Reflektionskoeffizienten eliminiert, wobei dies beispielsweise durch die Betragsbildung des Reflektionskoeffizienten oder die Berechnung des Quadrats des Reflektionskoeffizienten möglich ist. Allerdings kann auch im Rechenverfahren eine obere und eine untere Grenze als Referenzwert angegeben werden, so daß das Ausbrechen des Vergleichswertes aus diesen Schranken ebenfalls zu einer positiven Detektion führt.According to the invention, the calculation of the comparison value eliminates the sign of the reflection coefficient, this being the case, for example, through the calculation of the amount of the Reflection coefficients or the calculation of the square of the Reflection coefficient is possible. However, it can also an upper and a lower limit in the calculation method be given as a reference value so that the breakout of the comparison value from these barriers also to one leads to positive detection.

Außerdem kann auch vorteilhaft beim Über- oder Unterschreiten des Vergleichswertes zu mindestens einem Referenzwert auf das Vorhandensein oder Nichtvorhandensein einer Sprachaktivität entschieden werden. Allerdings läßt sich dieses Verfahren auch für die Bestimmung der Stimmhaftigkeit oder Stimmlosigkeit der übertragenen Sprache oder zur Unterscheidung von tonalen oder nicht-tonalen Signalen, zum Beispiel dem Vorhandensein von DTMF-Signalen, anwenden. In addition, it can also be advantageous when exceeding or falling below of the comparison value to at least one reference value on the Presence or absence of a speech activity be decided. However, this procedure can also for determining voiceability or voicelessness the transmitted language or to distinguish tonal or non-tonal signals, for example the presence of DTMF signals.

Entsprechend diesem Verfahren schlägt der Erfinder auch vor, eine Vorrichtung zur automatischen Differenzierung und/oder Detektion akustischer Signale, insbesondere in digitalen Sprachübertragungssystemen, welche Mittel zur zumindest teilweisen statistischen Analyse der akustischen Signale und zur Berechnung der Reflektionskoeffizienten mindestens einer Ordnung aufweisen, dahingehend zu verbessern, daß ein Mittel zur Berechnung eines Vergleichswertes vorgesehen ist, wobei der Vergleichswert ausschließlich von einem einzigen Reflektionskoeffizienten abhängt, und weiterhin ein Mittel zum Vergleichen des Vergleichswertes mit mindestens einem vorgegebenen Referenzwert vorgesehen ist.According to this method, the inventor also proposes a device for automatic differentiation and / or Detection of acoustic signals, especially in digital ones Voice transmission systems, which means to at least partially statistical analysis of acoustic signals and Calculation of the reflection coefficients of at least one order have to improve in that a means for Calculation of a comparison value is provided, the Comparison value only from a single reflection coefficient depends, and continues to be a means of comparison of the comparison value with at least one predetermined Reference value is provided.

Auch hierdurch wird eine wesentlich schnellere Reaktion des Systems gegenüber den bekannten Systemen erreicht, da die Komplexität der Berechnung wesentlich geringer ist.This also makes the reaction of the Systems compared to the known systems because the Computational complexity is much less.

Erfindungsgemäß werden auch hier Mittel zur Eliminierung des Vorzeichens des Reflektionskoeffizienten vorgesehen, wobei es sich beispielsweise um ein Mittel zur Berechnung des Betrages des Reflektionskoeffizienten oder zum Berechnen des Quadrates des Reflektionskoeffizienten handeln kann.According to the invention, means for eliminating the Sign of the reflection coefficient is provided, which is, for example, a means of calculating the Amount of the reflection coefficient or to calculate the Square of the reflection coefficient can act.

Des weiteren wird vorgeschlagen, daß ein Mittel zur Entscheidung zwischen Sprachaktivität und Sprachinaktivität, je nach Über- oder Unterschreiten des Vergleichswertes des mindestens einen Referenzwertes, vorgesehen wird.It is also proposed that a means of decision between speech activity and speech inactivity, depending on Exceeding or falling below the comparison value of the at least a reference value is provided.

Entsprechend kann auch ein Mittel zur Entscheidung zwischen Stimmhaftigkeit und Stimmlosigkeit oder von tonalen oder nicht-tonalen Signalen, je nach Über- oder Unterschreiten des Vergleichswertes des mindestens einen Referenzwertes, vorgesehen werden.Accordingly, a means of deciding between Voicing and voicelessness or from tonal or non-tonal signals, depending on the exceeding or falling below the Comparative value of the at least one reference value is provided become.

Bei den angegebenen Mitteln kann es sich entweder um eine entsprechende Schaltungsanordnung handeln, oder um Programm-Module, die in einem Computer oder Prozessor abgearbeitet werden.The indicated means can either be a corresponding circuit arrangement, or program modules, which are processed in a computer or processor become.

Demgemäß schlägt der Erfinder auch ein Computerprogramm-Produkt mit Programm-Mitteln vor, um mindestens die Schritte gemäß mindestens einem der vorstehenden Verfahrensansprüche auszuführen, wenn die Programm-Mittel auf einem Computer oder Prozessor ausgeführt werden.Accordingly, the inventor also suggests a computer program product with program funds to at least complete the steps according to at least one of the preceding method claims execute when the program means on a computer or Processor are running.

Selbstverständlich kann solch ein Computerprogramm auf einem Datenträger gespeichert werden, der ebenfalls zum Schutzumfang dieser Anmeldung gehören soll.Of course, such a computer program can be run on one Data carriers are stored, which also extends to the scope of protection this registration should belong.

Eine beispielhafte konkrete Ausführung des Erfindungsgedankens ist in dem nachfolgenden Programm-Modul, welches als Pseudo-C-Code angegeben ist, dargestellt:

Figure 00050001
An example of a concrete embodiment of the inventive concept is shown in the following program module, which is specified as a pseudo-C code:
Figure 00050001

Selbstverständlich muß vor der Benutzung dieses Programm-Moduls die Reflektionskoeffizienten reflectioncoeff[k] in bekannter Weise vorher berechnet werden und der Schwellwert THRESHOLD vorher definiert werden.Of course, before using this program module, the reflection coefficients reflectioncoeff [k] must be calculated beforehand in a known manner and the threshold value THRESHOLD must be defined beforehand.

Der Vergleich zwischen dem oben angegebenen Programm aus dem Stand der Technik und dem erfindungsgemäßen Programm zeigt, daß bei einer Änderung der Situation die Reaktionszeit dieses Programmes wesentlich schneller ist, da ein einziges Ereignis mit überschießendem Reflektionskoeffizienten zu einer Detektion führt.The comparison between the above program from the State of the art and the program according to the invention shows that when the situation changes, the response time of this Program is much faster since a single event with excessive reflection coefficient for a detection leads.

Claims (14)

  1. Method for automatically differentiating and/or detecting acoustic signals, whereby said signals are statistically analyzed at least in part and their reflection coefficients of at least one order are calculated, whereby a comparison value depending solely on a single reflection coefficient is calculated and compared with at least one predetermined reference value, characterized in that the sign of the reflection coefficient is eliminated when the comparison value is calculated.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the absolute value of the reflection coefficient is calculated as a comparison value.
  3. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the square of the reflection coefficient is calculated as a comparison value.
  4. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that when the comparison value overshoots or undershoots one or more reference values, a decision as to voice activity or voice inactivity is made.
  5. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that when the comparison value overshoots or undershoots one or more reference values, a decision as to voiced or unvoiced speech is made.
  6. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that when the comparison value overshoots or undershoots one or more reference values, a decision as to tone signal or non-tone signal is made.
  7. Device for automatically differentiating and/or detecting acoustic signals, particularly for digital voice transmission systems, means of statistically analyzing said acoustic signals at least in part and of computing their reflection coefficients of at least one order as well as a means of calculating a comparison value are provided, said comparison value depending solely on a single reflection coefficient and, in addition, that a means of comparing said comparison value with at least one predetermined reference value is provided, characterized in that a means is provided for eliminating the sign of the reflection coefficient when calculating the comparison value is provided.
  8. Device according to Claim 7, characterized in that means of calculating the absolute value of the reflection coefficient are provided.
  9. Device according to one of the preceding Claims 7 - 8, characterized in that means of calculating the square of the reflection coefficient are provided.
  10. Device according to one of the preceding Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that there are provided means of discriminating between voice activity and voice inactivity depending on whether the comparison value is greater or less than at least one reference value.
  11. Device according to one of the preceding Claims 7 to 10, characterized in that there are provided means of discriminating between voiced and unvoiced speech depending on whether the comparison value is greater or less than at least one reference value.
  12. Device according to one of the preceding Claims 7 to 11, characterized in that there are provided means of discriminating between tone and non-tone signals depending on whether the comparison value is greater or less than at least one reference value.
  13. Computer program with program coding means, characterized in that at least the steps according to at least one of the preceding method claims are executed if the program coding means are implemented on a computer or processor.
  14. Data carrier with a computer program having program coding means, characterized in that at least the steps according to at least one of the preceding method claims are executed if the program coding means are implemented on a computer or processor.
EP02737775A 2001-05-03 2002-04-08 Method and device for automatically differentiating and/or detecting acoustic signals Expired - Fee Related EP1393302B1 (en)

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DE10121532A DE10121532A1 (en) 2001-05-03 2001-05-03 Method and device for automatic differentiation and / or detection of acoustic signals
DE10121532 2001-05-03
PCT/DE2002/001277 WO2002091354A1 (en) 2001-05-03 2002-04-08 Method and device for automatically differentiating and/or detecting acoustic signals

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US (1) US20040148168A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1393302B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1507616A (en)
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WO (1) WO2002091354A1 (en)

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FI20045315A (en) * 2004-08-30 2006-03-01 Nokia Corp Detection of voice activity in an audio signal
JP4971351B2 (en) * 2005-12-05 2012-07-11 クゥアルコム・インコーポレイテッド System, method and apparatus for detection of tone components

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US5341456A (en) * 1992-12-02 1994-08-23 Qualcomm Incorporated Method for determining speech encoding rate in a variable rate vocoder
IN184794B (en) * 1993-09-14 2000-09-30 British Telecomm
FR2734389B1 (en) * 1995-05-17 1997-07-18 Proust Stephane METHOD FOR ADAPTING THE NOISE MASKING LEVEL IN A SYNTHESIS-ANALYZED SPEECH ENCODER USING A SHORT-TERM PERCEPTUAL WEIGHTING FILTER
JP3522012B2 (en) * 1995-08-23 2004-04-26 沖電気工業株式会社 Code Excited Linear Prediction Encoder
JPH09152894A (en) * 1995-11-30 1997-06-10 Denso Corp Sound and silence discriminator
US6510407B1 (en) * 1999-10-19 2003-01-21 Atmel Corporation Method and apparatus for variable rate coding of speech
ES2259158T3 (en) * 2002-09-19 2006-09-16 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. METHOD AND DEVICE AUDIO DECODER.

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CN1507616A (en) 2004-06-23
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EP1393302A1 (en) 2004-03-03
WO2002091354A1 (en) 2002-11-14
DE10121532A1 (en) 2002-11-07

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