EP1392472B1 - Automatic or semi-automatic device for trimming an ophthalmic lens - Google Patents

Automatic or semi-automatic device for trimming an ophthalmic lens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1392472B1
EP1392472B1 EP02745486A EP02745486A EP1392472B1 EP 1392472 B1 EP1392472 B1 EP 1392472B1 EP 02745486 A EP02745486 A EP 02745486A EP 02745486 A EP02745486 A EP 02745486A EP 1392472 B1 EP1392472 B1 EP 1392472B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support
lens
glass
frame
optical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP02745486A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1392472A2 (en
Inventor
James Thepot
Laurent Guillermin
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EssilorLuxottica SA
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Essilor International Compagnie Generale dOptique SA
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Publication of EP1392472A2 publication Critical patent/EP1392472A2/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/12—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving optical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
    • B24B13/005—Blocking means, chucks or the like; Alignment devices
    • B24B13/0055—Positioning of lenses; Marking of lenses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/02—Frames; Beds; Carriages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B9/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor
    • B24B9/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground
    • B24B9/06—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain
    • B24B9/08—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of glass
    • B24B9/14—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of glass of optical work, e.g. lenses, prisms
    • B24B9/148—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of glass of optical work, e.g. lenses, prisms electrically, e.g. numerically, controlled

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an ophthalmic lens trimming device and more particularly relates to an improvement for automating the handling and handling of glass between, on the one hand, a position where the optical characteristics thereof can determined using appropriate measuring means to determine a point of grip on said glass and, on the other hand, the clipping means.
  • These are typically constituted by a grinding wheel adapted to modify the outline of the glass to fit that of the frame or "circle" of a selected frame.
  • the technical part of the optician's job is to place an ophthalmic lens in each frame of the frame selected by the wearer. To do this, it is necessary to perform a number of operations.
  • the optician must locate the position of the pupil of each eye in the frame of the frame. It thus determines two parameters related to the morphology of the wearer, namely the inter-pupillary distance and the height of the pupil relative to the frame.
  • the optician must also perform a number of operations on the glass itself, before trimming, to identify some of its characteristics such as the optical center (in the case of a unifocal lens), or the direction of the lens. axis of progression and the position of the centering point for a progressive lens.
  • the optician defers certain characteristic points with a striking point on the ophthalmic lens itself. These marks are used to fix on the glass a centering pin and drive to correctly position the ophthalmic lens in a grinding machine to give it the desired contour, corresponding to the shape of the frame chosen. This piece is most often stuck temporarily on the glass with a double-sided adhesive.
  • the glass thus equipped is then placed in the clipping machine where it is given the shape corresponding to that of the chosen frame. It allows to define a geometric reference system in which we identify the points and directions characteristic of the glass, necessary for the coherence of this one with the position of the pupil, as well as the trimming values so that these points and directions are properly positioned in the mount.
  • the operator can resume machining. To do this, he can replace the glass in the machine, using the same centering pin.
  • the distribution of the operations mentioned above can be done on two or three workstations. Errors are possible because of the multiplication of manipulations. Moreover, if these operations are carried out within the framework of an industrial organization, this results in a considerable loss of time and a high cost of production. In addition, the risk of degradation of the ophthalmic lens increases with the number of manipulations.
  • the document EP 0 990 484 discloses an ophthalmic lens shaping device comprising a grinding unit, an eccentricity measuring unit, a tray conveyor and a lens conveyor. The latter is adapted to move an ophthalmic lens from the tray conveyor to a fixed support of the eccentricity measuring unit, then to clamping means of the grinding unit which allow only the rotation on itself of the lens.
  • the device described in this document makes it possible to optimize the process described above by automating as far as possible the measurement and positioning phases of the ophthalmic lens.
  • the invention also allows such an optimization, which makes it possible to determine the optical characteristics of the glass and to control the transport phase of the glass towards the trimming station and the trimming phase itself.
  • the means for superimposing the aforementioned characteristics can (in the case of a relatively elaborate embodiment, automatic operation) include calculation means for performing a "superposition" of data representative of the characteristics in question. They may nevertheless be supplemented by display means (for example a monitor) to enable an operator to visually control the superimposition of the representation of said characteristics and possibly the representation of the frame contour.
  • the gripping and clamping means are arranged (motorized) to rotate the glass around its gripping point, during the grinding phase.
  • the means for detecting the characteristics of the glass may be semi-automatic or automatic.
  • the operator places the ophthalmic lens on the support at a measurement location. It has at its disposal an electronic and computer system and a display screen for superimposing an outline representative of the shape of the "circle" of the frame, certain optical characteristics of the ophthalmic lens considered and information representative of the morphology of the wearer.
  • the optician then moves the glass on its support until the characteristic points of said glass appear on the screen at suitable locations relative to a reference representative of the wearer's morphology.
  • the representative contour of the frame determines the gripping point of the glass.
  • the latter moves along said predetermined path of the first reference frame (typically a rectilinear movement) so that the gripping and clamping means can be applied on either side of the glass and that it is transported to the grinding means.
  • said predetermined path of the first reference frame typically a rectilinear movement
  • the results of the readings and measurements carried out on the glass are exploited so that the means forming a clamp of gripping and clamping, come to grip the glass at a suitable point without it was necessary to adjust the position of said glass on the support.
  • the ophthalmic lens trimming device 10 shown in FIGS. Figures 1 to 3 comprises a support 3 of such a lens, movable along a predetermined path F, detection means 4 of certain characteristics of the lens 2, calculation means 16 comprising here viewing means 18 constituted by the screen of a monitor , grinding means 20 for contouring the edge of the ophthalmic lens to the desired shape and size, and gripping and clamping means 25 for conveying the ophthalmic lens 2 from the carrier 3 to the grinding means 20.
  • the support 3 is movable along said path F between a measurement position, predetermined with respect to said detection means 4 (FIG. figures 1 and 3 ) and a loading position (visible on the figure 2 ).
  • said predetermined path is rectilinear; it is defined by two parallel slides 15a, 15b between which the support 3 moves.
  • the latter is essentially constituted of a plate whose central part at less is transparent, for example glass. This plate moves in its own plane between the slides.
  • the drive means of the support are not shown, so as not to overload the drawing.
  • the plate is provided with projections 6 forming a tripod, to hold the glass.
  • the slides that define the path F materialize a first reference, specific to the support 3, which evolves here between the predetermined measurement position relative to said detection means 4 and said loading position.
  • the support 3 has a dual function. He maintains the glass during the measurement phase, without disturbing it because of its particular structure (transparency) and then transports it to a precise location where the glass is supported by the gripper and Tightening.
  • the means 4 for detecting the characteristics of the glass comprise, on either side of said predetermined position of the support, on the one hand, illumination means 8 including a light source S, and a collimation lens 9 specific to provide a complete parallel beam illuminating the glass, and, secondly, means 11 for analyzing the image transmitted by the glass installed on the support 3.
  • illumination means 8 including a light source S
  • collimation lens 9 specific to provide a complete parallel beam illuminating the glass
  • These include, in the example, an optical receiver 28 and a translucent screen 29 interposed between the support and the optical receiver.
  • the translucent screen 29 may consist of a frosted glass plate on the surface. To improve the readability of the information that appears on the frosted screen 29, the latter may be a rotatably mounted disk rotated in its own plane.
  • the optical receiver 28 may be a matrix receiver or, as shown, a camera. The optical axis of this receiver is perpendicular to the
  • the camera captures the image of the glass that forms on the frosted screen.
  • the information produced by the camera is addressed to the computing and visualization means 16, 18. They are processed by an electronic and computer system 30 which also receives information representative of the parameters mentioned above of interpupillary distance and height, via a transmission device 32 and information representative of the contour of the chosen frame. This information is by examples stored in a memory 34 and selected by the practitioner.
  • the electronic and computer system 30 produces an image that is displayed on the monitor screen of the display means 18. Therefore, in the semi-automatic adjustment version, it will be seen on this screen, on the same scale, the outline of the frame and that of the uncut glass, with its particular characteristics, in particular the marking points which are carried there. We will also see the gripping point 0 determined as indicated below, as well as the point or points representative of the morphology of the wearer.
  • the transparent support 3 comprises a clearance cutout 38, allowing said gripping means 25 to clamp the glass to a desired location on its surface and to disengage it from the support when it is in said loading position, so as to bringing said ophthalmic lens in the vicinity of the grinding means, to proceed with the trimming of this glass.
  • the gripping and gripping means 25 move in a second frame to transport said ophthalmic lens from said loading position to the grinding means.
  • these means comprise a generally C-shaped frame 39, mounted to move in controlled rotation about a vertical axis, perpendicular to the plane of the support 3.
  • the rotation of the frame makes it possible to bring a tight glass 2 by the grasping forceps, in an area of activity of the grinding means.
  • This frame comprises two arms 45, 46 extending on either side of a horizontal plane in which the support 3 moves.
  • the lower arm 45 carries a clamping and rotating drive shaft 48.
  • the other upper arm 46 carries a rotational drive shaft 49.
  • the two shafts 48, 49 are connected to common rotary drive means housed in the housing.
  • the two shafts are coaxial and provided at their ends facing clamping pads 50 for gripping and blocking an ophthalmic lens 2 taken from the support 3.
  • the clamping shaft 48 is meanwhile controlled movement along its own axis to ensure the gripping and blocking of ophthalmic glass.
  • the pivot axis 40 of the frame is parallel to the common axis of the shafts 48 and 49.
  • the frame 39 as a whole is movable and controlled in translation along its axis 40 (Z direction).
  • an ophthalmic lens grinder generally comprises several grinders stacked axially: two grinding wheels for roughing (one for plastics and one for mineral), a grinding wheel and, optionally, a grinding wheel for polishing.
  • two grinding wheels for roughing one for plastics and one for mineral
  • a grinding wheel and, optionally, a grinding wheel for polishing.
  • To achieve the different phases of the machining glass must pass successively on two or three grinding wheels. To do this, it is necessary to ensure a relative translation movement between the grinding wheels and the glass in a direction parallel to the axis of the grinding wheels.
  • On the other hand to hold the glass in a rimmed mount (whose contour is closed) must be made a bevel on its edge. This form is achieved by the finishing wheel, and possibly the polishing wheel, which has on its periphery a shaped hollow complementary to that of the bevel. To place this bevel in the right place on the edge of the glass is used the same translational movement of the glass relative to the wheels.
  • This relative movement could be achieved by a translation of the wheel support along their axis.
  • the frame 39 that makes this movement to facilitate the gripping of the glass. Indeed once the glass positioned manually or measured and the support 3 in the loading position, the frame 39 rotates about its axis 40 to position the shafts 48 and 49 in front of the gripping point, then it performs a downward translation until contacting the shoe 50 of the shaft 49 with the glass. Then the pad of the shaft 48 pinches the glass. The frame then rises along its axis 40, releases the glass 2 of the support 3 and then rotates around this same axis to position the glass in the grinding zone.
  • the frame can then rotate about 120 to 150 ° to bring the glass to be cut near the grinder.
  • the electronic and computer system 30 controls both the pivoting of the frame and the rotation of the glass around the common axis of the two shafts 48, 49, depending on the contour to be given to the ophthalmic lens.
  • the gripper and gripper means moves the glass in said second frame to transport the glass from the loading position to the grinding means and then rotate the lens around the common axis of the two shafts.
  • This second repository is linked to said first repository, that is to say that of support.
  • the distance between the common axis of the two shafts 48, 49 and the axis of rotation of the grinding means 20 is controlled in synchronism with the rotation of the glass around said common axis to give the glass the desired contour.
  • the pivoting of the frame 39 is controlled during grinding.
  • the center 0 of the rectangle 56 which surrounds the perimeter of the "circle" 57 of the frame and which therefore represents the final shape of the ophthalmic lens, is the point of the ophthalmic lens into which the clamping shoes 50 of the means forming grasping forceps 25.
  • Ophthalmic glass 3 can be of several types.
  • the optician will have to identify his optical center and possibly the axis of the cylinder, for the correction of astigmatism, using a known device called a lensmeter. With this device, three points are placed aligned on the surface of the glass. The central point corresponds to the optical center of the glass, the other two indicate the axis of the cylinder. If it is a progressive lens, it is usually delivered with an ink marking to identify the points needed for centering. Typically, this marking materializes the center of vision from far, the axis of progression and the near vision zone. If it is a focal bi or tri lens, the near vision "patch" is taken as a reference for centering.
  • the optician has a digitization of the shape of the frame chosen (memory 34) allowing it to introduce this shape into the electronic and computer system 30, in the form of data which make it possible to visualize the outline of the frame or
  • the optician informs the electronic and computer system 30 of inter-pupillary distance and height values, measured on the wearer.
  • a device 32 keyboard or other is an interface adapted to take into account and introduce into the system 30 characteristics representative of the morphology of the wearer.
  • the representative form of the mount is displayed on the screen and is positioned so that the center 0 of the rectangle in which the "circle" (see figure 4 ) corresponds to a specific point which will be the point of grip of the glass on the support 3, when the support is at said loading position.
  • a centering cross appears on the screen.
  • this cross corresponds to the optical center of the glass for a single focal glass, at the far vision point for a progressive lens or at the position of the center of the segment of the patch, for a focal bi or tri lens.
  • the electronic and computer system "receives the image" of the glass via the receiver 28, which allows to superimpose this image to those already displayed on the screen.
  • the optician can therefore vary the position of the glass on the support 3 so as to position the markings made on the glass relative to the centering cross.
  • the appearance of the "circle" of the frame makes it possible to control that the glass is large enough for mounting to be possible.
  • the optician does not have to intervene, in principle, since the support 3 is moved to the loading position where the glass is supported by said gripping and clamping means 25 then transported to the grinding means.
  • the carriage performs a translation while two rotations and a translation are performed by the means forming gripping and clamping pliers: a rotation about the axis 40 of said movable frame, a rotation about the axis common of the two shafts 48, 49.
  • the translation is in the direction Z. It is possible to envisage other embodiments having other combinations of translation (s) and rotation (s).
  • a device 104 for automatically detecting the characteristics of an ophthalmic lens capable of constituting an improved variant of the means for detecting characteristics of the glass represented on the figure 3 .
  • the electronic and computer system 30 can perform a more complete analysis of the image of the glass and automatically recognize, for example, the markings made on the glass or the segment of a double-focus glass.
  • the analysis of the image makes it possible to know the position of the markings of the glass in the reference frame of this support.
  • the system can then calculate the position of the center of the glass so that the optical center of the glass or another centering mark is correctly positioned in the frame.
  • the means forming a gripping and clamping pliers tighten the glass at this point.
  • This device 104 for automatically detecting the characteristics of an ophthalmic lens 102 comprises a support 103, here horizontal and consisting of a transparent glass plate provided with projections 106 forming a tripod, for holding such a glass and, on both sides of this support: on the one hand illumination means 108 including an optical system for developing a light beam directed towards the glass installed on the support and, on the other hand, means 110 for analyzing the image transmitted by the glass installed on the support.
  • the optical system 111 is arranged to define two possible optical paths 112, 113, switchable, for said light beam.
  • the illumination means comprise at least two switchable light sources S1, S2 corresponding respectively to the two optical paths mentioned above.
  • the two optical paths 112, 113 comprise a common portion 115 upstream of said support, more particularly determined between a semi-reflecting mirror 118 and the sensor 128. This mirror materializes the intersection of the two optical paths.
  • the mirror can be replaced by a separator cube or a removable mirror.
  • a mask forming a Hartmann matrix or the like is placed on only one of the paths (the path 112), at a location such that it occupies a predetermined position with respect to a optical axis 125 of said analysis means 110.
  • This optical axis 125 is in fact the common axis of some lenses of the optical system centered with respect to the source S1 and an optical receiver 128 forming part of the analysis means 110 located on the other side of the support 103.
  • the analysis means also comprise a translucent screen 129 frosted interspersed perpendicularly to this optical axis 125 between the support 103 and said optical receiver 128.
  • the latter can be a matrix sensor or a camera with lens.
  • the optical receiver is a matrix sensor, it is added a system of two lenses 130, 131 and a diaphragm 132 (telecentric system). If the optical receiver is a camera, these elements are replaced by the very purpose of the camera.
  • the frosted translucent screen 129 is preferably a glass or the like, frosted on the surface. This is a rotatably mounted disk rotated by a motor 135 about an axis parallel to and perpendicular to the optical axis 125.
  • the first light source S1 among these two sources is a so-called point source associated with at least one collimation lens 139 able to provide a complete parallel beam illuminating the mask 120.
  • the source S1 is used to establish a kind of mapping of the glass (measurement of power / astigmatism at several points of the glass), for the determination of the optical center of non-progressive glasses, and to reposition the objects on the front face of the glass (engraving, marking , segment) seen with S2.
  • S1 may optionally be movable along the optical axis or an axis perpendicular thereto.
  • the collimation lens 139 is centered on the aforementioned optical axis.
  • the optical system further comprises an expander consisting of two lenses 140, 141 also centered on the aforementioned optical axis and placed between the mirror and the support.
  • This expander makes it possible to generate a parallel light beam of larger size, greater than that of the glass, and to image the mask 120 on the surface of the ophthalmic lens.
  • a second light source S2 is arranged to illuminate the glass 102 installed on the support 103 via a portion of the optical system, excluding the mask 120 forming a Hartmann matrix.
  • This second light source is associated with the semi-reflecting mirror 118 which materializes the intersection of the two optical paths 112, 113.
  • This source S2 is a point source associated with at least one collimating lens capable of providing a complete parallel beam directed towards the mirror 118.
  • the beam generated by the lens S2 is perpendicular to the beam generated by the lens S1 and the mirror is at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the optical axis 125 so that the complete parallel beam from the source S2 is reflected on this mirror and directed towards the support 103 of the ophthalmic lens.
  • the light emitted by the source S2 splits into distinct light rays parallel to each other at the exit of the expander 140, 141.
  • the source S2 is mainly used for the determination of printed marks, relief engravings and segments (bifocal and trifocal glasses).
  • a mineral ophthalmic lens has diffusing etchings.
  • the device comprises at least one third light source and, in the example, several sources S31, S3n distributed circularly, at the periphery of the support 103, for illuminating in grazing light, such a glass placed on said support.
  • the light rays are diffused by the frosted, so it is necessary to provide either a frosted glass or a retractable glass having a polished area used only in this case.
  • the light sources mentioned S1, S2, above may be light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or laser diodes preferably associated with respective optical fibers.
  • the sources S31, S3n will preferably be light emitting diodes.
  • the source S1 is used in conjunction with the Hartmann matrix mask.
  • the complete parallel beam is transformed by the mask 120 into a plurality of individualized fine rays corresponding to the configuration of the mask. Each of these spokes strikes the entrance face (front face of the glass) parallel to the optical axis. These rays are deflected by the glass and are visualized as light spots on the rotating frosted screen 129.
  • the frosted is imaged on the matrix sensor, associated with the telecentric system or that of the camera, and the tasks are analyzed by a system. electronic and computer processing 16 ( figure 2 ) which determines their displacement.
  • the movement of the points of the mask (that is to say the light spots that appear on the frosted screen) after deflection by the glass is progressing linearly from the center to the periphery, compared to the positions of the same points when the support bears no ophthalmic glass.
  • the positions of the Hartmann mask points on the screen when the holder bears no glass are measured during a calibration phase. Therefore, measuring a displacement of this kind makes it possible to determine the type of glass. For example, for a convergent lens, the tasks are close to the optical axis, especially since the glass is powerful.
  • the displacement of the points varies along a so-called "line of progression" line.
  • the direction of the power gradient is determined by calculation by calculating the power at different points of the glass, for example according to the method which will be indicated below. This direction is the progression line. It is therefore possible to measure and calculate the orientation of the progression line, which is one of the important characteristics of a progressive lens.
  • the position of the optical center of this lens can easily be determined by comparing the points of the reference mask (appearing on the frosted screen 129 when no glass is positioned on the support) and the corresponding points of the mask displayed on the frosted screen after deflection by the glass.
  • the point of the mask that has not been deviated corresponds to the position of the optical center. Since there is generally no undifferentiated ray, an interpolation is made from the least deviated rays, for example by the use of the least squares method.
  • the position of the rear face of the glass is given with a good approximation by the position of the support since the glass is placed on it.
  • the image is still used on the frosted screen of the Hartmann matrix mask.
  • the position and the direction of the light rays are compared for several neighboring points, which makes it possible to calculate the position of the focus on the optical axis (and thus its power, which is the inverse of the distance from the focus to the glass) and the glass astigmatism (value and axis of astigmatism) if there is astigmatism.
  • These measurements are local and can be repeated on different areas of the glass, which makes it possible to obtain a glass power card.
  • the addition is defined as the difference between the maximum power and the minimum power of the glass.
  • the point of reference of the prism is defined as the point where the prism of glass is worth two-thirds of the addition.
  • the prism reference point is the center of a segment separating two markers engraved on the glass. Most often, this point is also marked by a specific printed marking.
  • the identification of the PRP is done by illuminating the glass from the light source S2, that is to say by avoiding the Hartmann mask 120.
  • the image transmitted by the ophthalmic lens appears on the frosted glass 129, it is perceived by the optical receiver 128.
  • the reading is accompanied by an appropriate image processing to better discern the engraved marks or markings.
  • This visualization of the engraved markings or markings and the determination of the PRP then makes it possible to determine the centering point of the progressive glass (analogous to the optical center). on which the position of the center of the pupil, of the wearer's eye and the horizontal axis which gives the orientation of the lens in the frame must coincide.
  • the glass is generally circular and this analysis mainly aims to determine its diameter. However, it may happen that the glass already has a shape close to that of the frame for which it is intended.
  • the image processing makes it possible to know the shape and the dimensions of the non-circular glass. The determination of the shape and dimensions of the glass makes it possible to verify that the latter is large enough to fit in the frame.
  • the S2 source is still used to display the ophthalmic lens on the frosted screen.
  • Appropriate image processing makes it possible to better observe the variations in light intensity on the screen and consequently to obtain a sharp outline of the limits of the segment, and to determine its position with precision.
  • the source S2 makes it possible to see the marks, engravings or segment but does not make it possible to determine their positions on the front face of the glass.
  • the source S1 makes it possible to calculate the precise position of these elements acquired with S2 on the front face of the glass. We proceed as follows. Suppose we consider light spot A, on the frosted screen 129, corresponding to one of the holes of the Hartmann mask.
  • the corresponding light beam strikes the front face of the glass 102 at A '.
  • the source S2 is turned on and the corresponding image which appears on the frosted screen is stored. Then, we turn on the source S1 and turn off the source S2.
  • the image of Hartmann's mask appears on the frosted screen 129.
  • the height of each hole of the Hartmann mask is known (distance of the hole relative to the optical axis 125). Therefore, for a given radius and since the characteristics of the expander 140, 141 are well known, the height of the radius corresponding to its point of entry on the front face of the ophthalmic lens 102 is known. say that we know the height of the point A 'corresponding to the point A.
  • the measurements normally carried out using the source S2 can be carried out under better conditions, when the ophthalmic lens is a mineral glass, by replacing the source S2 with one or more sources illuminating the front face of the ophthalmic lens in light. grazing.
  • the acquisition of the measurements indicated above makes it possible, in connection with the data acquired by the transmission device 32 and the memory 34, to determine the exact point of grip of the ophthalmic lens on the support 3 brought to said loading and control all movements of the frame 39 (pivoting about the axis 39 and rotation of the glass) during the trimming.
  • the monitor 18 is optional.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Eyeglasses (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Testing Of Optical Devices Or Fibers (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

Device comprising in combination: elements for detecting ( 4 ) characteristics of a lens; elements for integrating characteristics representing a patient's morphology; a support ( 3 ) of the mobile lens along a predetermined trajectory between a first measuring position and a loading position; grinding elements ( 20 ); and elements forming a gripping and clamping clip ( 25 ) for transporting the lens from the loading position to the grinding position.

Description

L'invention se rapporte à un dispositif de détourage de verre ophtalmique et concerne plus particulièrement un perfectionnement permettant d'automatiser la prise en charge et les manipulations du verre entre, d'une part, une position où les caractéristiques optiques de celui-ci peuvent être déterminées à l'aide de moyens de mesure appropriés en vue de déterminer un point de préhension sur ledit verre et, d'autre part, les moyens de détourage. Ces derniers sont typiquement constitués par une meule adaptée à modifier le contour du verre pour l'adapter à celui du cadre ou "cercle" d'une monture sélectionnée.The invention relates to an ophthalmic lens trimming device and more particularly relates to an improvement for automating the handling and handling of glass between, on the one hand, a position where the optical characteristics thereof can determined using appropriate measuring means to determine a point of grip on said glass and, on the other hand, the clipping means. These are typically constituted by a grinding wheel adapted to modify the outline of the glass to fit that of the frame or "circle" of a selected frame.

La partie technique du métier de l'opticien consiste à placer un verre ophtalmique dans chaque cadre de la monture sélectionnée par le porteur. Pour ce faire, il est nécessaire de réaliser un certain nombre d'opérations.The technical part of the optician's job is to place an ophthalmic lens in each frame of the frame selected by the wearer. To do this, it is necessary to perform a number of operations.

Tout d'abord, après le choix de la monture, l'opticien doit situer la position de la pupille de chaque oeil dans le repère de la monture. Il détermine ainsi deux paramètres liés à la morphologie du porteur, à savoir l'écart inter-pupillaire ainsi que la hauteur de la pupille par rapport à la monture.First, after the choice of the frame, the optician must locate the position of the pupil of each eye in the frame of the frame. It thus determines two parameters related to the morphology of the wearer, namely the inter-pupillary distance and the height of the pupil relative to the frame.

En ce qui concerne la monture elle-même, il convient d'identifier sa forme, ce qui est réalisé généralement à l'aide d'un gabarit ou d'un appareil spécialement conçu pour lire le contour interne du "cercle" (c'est-à-dire le cadre du verre) de la monture.With regard to the mount itself, it is necessary to identify its shape, which is usually done using a template or a device specifically designed to read the inner contour of the "circle" (c '). that is to say the frame of the glass) of the mount.

L'opticien doit également réaliser un certain nombre d'opérations sur le verre lui-même, avant détourage, pour repérer certaines de ses caractéristiques comme par exemple le centre optique (dans le cas d'un verre unifocal), ou la direction de l'axe de progression et la position du point de centrage pour un verre progressif. Dans la pratique, l'opticien reporte certains points caractéristiques à l'aide d'une pointe marquante sur le verre ophtalmique lui-même. Ces marques sont utilisées pour fixer sur le verre un pion de centrage et d'entraînement permettant de positionner correctement le verre ophtalmique dans une machine de meulage destinée à lui donner le contour voulu, correspondant à la forme de la monture choisie. Ce pion est le plus souvent collé provisoirement sur le verre à l'aide d'un adhésif double face. Le verre ainsi équipé est ensuite placé dans la machine de détourage où on lui donne la forme correspondant à celle de la monture choisie. Il permet de définir un référentiel géométrique dans lequel on repère les points et directions caractéristiques du verre, nécessaires à la mise en cohérence de celui-ci avec la position de la pupille, ainsi que les valeurs de détourage afin que ces points et directions caractéristiques soient proprement positionnés dans la monture.The optician must also perform a number of operations on the glass itself, before trimming, to identify some of its characteristics such as the optical center (in the case of a unifocal lens), or the direction of the lens. axis of progression and the position of the centering point for a progressive lens. In practice, the optician defers certain characteristic points with a striking point on the ophthalmic lens itself. These marks are used to fix on the glass a centering pin and drive to correctly position the ophthalmic lens in a grinding machine to give it the desired contour, corresponding to the shape of the frame chosen. This piece is most often stuck temporarily on the glass with a double-sided adhesive. The glass thus equipped is then placed in the clipping machine where it is given the shape corresponding to that of the chosen frame. It allows to define a geometric reference system in which we identify the points and directions characteristic of the glass, necessary for the coherence of this one with the position of the pupil, as well as the trimming values so that these points and directions are properly positioned in the mount.

Lorsque la découpe du verre n'aboutit pas à un bon montage dans la monture, l'opérateur peut reprendre l'usinage. Pour ce faire, il peut replacer le verre dans la machine, à l'aide du même pion de centrage.When the cutting of the glass does not result in a good mounting in the frame, the operator can resume machining. To do this, he can replace the glass in the machine, using the same centering pin.

Selon l'organisation et le matériel dont dispose l'opticien, la répartition des opérations mentionnées ci-dessus peut se faire sur deux ou trois postes de travail. Des erreurs sont donc possibles en raison de la multiplication des manipulations. De plus, si ces opérations sont réalisées dans le cadre d'une organisation industrielle, il en résulte une perte de temps considérable et un coût de production élevé. En outre, le risque de dégradation du verre ophtalmique augmente avec le nombre de manipulations.Depending on the organization and the equipment available to the optician, the distribution of the operations mentioned above can be done on two or three workstations. Errors are possible because of the multiplication of manipulations. Moreover, if these operations are carried out within the framework of an industrial organization, this results in a considerable loss of time and a high cost of production. In addition, the risk of degradation of the ophthalmic lens increases with the number of manipulations.

Le document EP 0 990 484 décrit un dispositif de détourage de verres ophtalmique comportant une unité de meulage, une unité de mesure d'excentricité, un convoyeur de plateaux et un convoyeur de lentilles. Ce dernier est adapté à déplacer une lentille ophtalmique depuis le convoyeur de plateaux jusqu'à un support fixe de l'unité de mesure d'excentricité, puis jusqu'à des moyens de serrage de l'unité de meulage qui ne permettent que la rotation sur elle-même de la lentille.The document EP 0 990 484 discloses an ophthalmic lens shaping device comprising a grinding unit, an eccentricity measuring unit, a tray conveyor and a lens conveyor. The latter is adapted to move an ophthalmic lens from the tray conveyor to a fixed support of the eccentricity measuring unit, then to clamping means of the grinding unit which allow only the rotation on itself of the lens.

Le dispositif décrit dans ce document permet d'optimiser le processus énoncé ci-dessus en automatisant au maximum les phases de mesure et de positionnement du verre ophtalmique.The device described in this document makes it possible to optimize the process described above by automating as far as possible the measurement and positioning phases of the ophthalmic lens.

L'invention permet elle aussi une telle optimisation, qui permet de déterminer les caractéristiques optiques du verre et de contrôler la phase de transport du verre vers le poste de détourage et la phase de détourage proprement dite.The invention also allows such an optimization, which makes it possible to determine the optical characteristics of the glass and to control the transport phase of the glass towards the trimming station and the trimming phase itself.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne essentiellement un dispositif de détourage de verre ophtalmique caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend :

  • des moyens de détection de caractéristiques dudit verre,
  • des moyens pour prendre en compte des caractéristiques représentatives de la morphologie d'un porteur,
  • un support d'un tel verre, mobile selon au moins un trajet prédéterminé d'un premier référentiel entre une position prédéterminée par rapport auxdits moyens de détection et une position de chargement,
  • des moyens pour superposer des caractéristiques précitées dudit verre et des caractéristiques représentatives de la morphologie dudit porteur,
  • des moyens de meulage des bords dudit verre, et
  • des moyens formant pince de préhension et de serrage, mobiles selon un second référentiel lié audit premier référentiel, pour transporter ledit verre de ladite position de chargement jusqu'aux moyens de meulage.
For this purpose, the invention essentially relates to an ophthalmic glass trimming device characterized in that it comprises:
  • means for detecting characteristics of said glass,
  • means for taking into account characteristics representative of the morphology of a wearer,
  • a support of such a lens, movable along at least one predetermined path of a first reference frame between a predetermined position with respect to said detection means and a loading position,
  • means for superimposing the aforementioned characteristics of said lens and characteristics representative of the morphology of said carrier,
  • means for grinding the edges of said glass, and
  • clamping gripper means and clamping, movable according to a second reference linked to said first frame, for transporting said glass from said loading position to the grinding means.

Les moyens pour superposer les caractéristiques précitées peuvent (dans le cas d'un mode de réalisation relativement élaboré, à fonctionnement automatique) comporter des moyens de calcul, pour réaliser une "superposition" des données représentatives des caractéristiques en question. Ils peuvent néanmoins être complétés par des moyens de visualisation (par exemple un moniteur) pour permettre à un opérateur de contrôler visuellement la superposition de la représentation desdites caractéristiques et éventuellement de la représentation du contour de monture.The means for superimposing the aforementioned characteristics can (in the case of a relatively elaborate embodiment, automatic operation) include calculation means for performing a "superposition" of data representative of the characteristics in question. They may nevertheless be supplemented by display means (for example a monitor) to enable an operator to visually control the superimposition of the representation of said characteristics and possibly the representation of the frame contour.

Avantageusement, les moyens de préhension et de serrage sont agencés (motorisés) pour faire pivoter le verre autour de son point de préhension, pendant la phase de meulage.Advantageously, the gripping and clamping means are arranged (motorized) to rotate the glass around its gripping point, during the grinding phase.

Les moyens de détection des caractéristiques du verre peuvent être semi-automatiques ou automatiques. Dans le premier cas, l'opérateur place le verre ophtalmique sur le support en un emplacement de mesure. Il a à sa disposition un système électronique et informatique et un écran de visualisation permettant de superposer un contour représentatif de la forme du "cercle" de la monture, certaines caractéristiques optiques du verre ophtalmique considéré et des informations représentatives de la morphologie du porteur. L'opticien déplace ensuite le verre sur son support jusqu'à ce que les points caractéristiques dudit verre apparaissent sur l'écran en des emplacements convenables par rapport à un repère représentatif de la morphologie du porteur. Par ailleurs, le contour représentatif de la monture, détermine le point de préhension du verre. Lorsque le verre est correctement positionné sur son support, ce dernier se déplace selon ledit trajet prédéterminé du premier référentiel (typiquement un déplacement rectiligne) pour que les moyens formant pince de préhension et de serrage puissent s'appliquer de part et d'autre du verre et que celui-ci soit transporté jusqu'aux moyens de meulage.The means for detecting the characteristics of the glass may be semi-automatic or automatic. In the first case, the operator places the ophthalmic lens on the support at a measurement location. It has at its disposal an electronic and computer system and a display screen for superimposing an outline representative of the shape of the "circle" of the frame, certain optical characteristics of the ophthalmic lens considered and information representative of the morphology of the wearer. The optician then moves the glass on its support until the characteristic points of said glass appear on the screen at suitable locations relative to a reference representative of the wearer's morphology. Moreover, the representative contour of the frame, determines the gripping point of the glass. When the glass is correctly positioned on its support, the latter moves along said predetermined path of the first reference frame (typically a rectilinear movement) so that the gripping and clamping means can be applied on either side of the glass and that it is transported to the grinding means.

Selon une variante possible, les résultats des lectures et mesures effectuées sur le verre sont exploités pour que les moyens formant pince de préhension et de serrage, viennent enserrer le verre en un point adéquat sans qu'il ait été nécessaire d'ajuster la position dudit verre sur le support.According to a possible variant, the results of the readings and measurements carried out on the glass are exploited so that the means forming a clamp of gripping and clamping, come to grip the glass at a suitable point without it was necessary to adjust the position of said glass on the support.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lumière de la description qui va suivre d'un dispositif de détourage de verre ophtalmique conforme à son principe, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue générale schématique en perspective d'une partie du dispositif ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue de dessus de la figure 1, le support de verre étant dans une autre position ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue schématique illustrant plus particulièrement les moyens de prise de données permettant de détecter les caractéristiques principales du verre et de positionner celui-ci par rapport au contour de la monture choisie, avant détourage ;
  • la figure 4 est un schéma illustrant comment on détermine le point de préhension du verre par rapport au contour de la monture ; et
  • la figure 5 est un schéma illustrant une variante des moyens de détection de caractéristiques dudit verre ophtalmique.
The invention will be better understood in the light of the following description of an ophthalmic lens trimming device according to its principle, given solely by way of example and with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of part of the device;
  • the figure 2 is a top view of the figure 1 the glass support being in another position;
  • the figure 3 is a schematic view illustrating more particularly the data acquisition means for detecting the main characteristics of the glass and to position it relative to the contour of the chosen frame, before trimming;
  • the figure 4 is a diagram illustrating how the point of gripping of the glass is determined relative to the outline of the frame; and
  • the figure 5 is a diagram illustrating a variant of the characteristic detection means of said ophthalmic lens.

Le dispositif de détourage 10 de verre ophtalmique 2 représenté sur les figures 1 à 3 comprend un support 3 d'un tel verre, mobile selon un trajet prédéterminé F, des moyens de détection 4 de certaines caractéristiques du verre 2, des moyens de calcul 16 comprenant ici des moyens de visualisation 18 constitués par l'écran d'un moniteur, des moyens de meulage 20 pour effectuer le détourage du bord du verre ophtalmique à la forme et aux dimensions voulues et des moyens formant pince de préhension et de serrage 25 pour transporter le verre ophtalmique 2 du support 3 aux moyens de meulage 20.The ophthalmic lens trimming device 10 shown in FIGS. Figures 1 to 3 comprises a support 3 of such a lens, movable along a predetermined path F, detection means 4 of certain characteristics of the lens 2, calculation means 16 comprising here viewing means 18 constituted by the screen of a monitor , grinding means 20 for contouring the edge of the ophthalmic lens to the desired shape and size, and gripping and clamping means 25 for conveying the ophthalmic lens 2 from the carrier 3 to the grinding means 20.

Le support 3 est mobile selon ledit trajet F entre une position de mesure, prédéterminée par rapport auxdits moyens de détection 4 (figures 1 et 3) et une position de chargement (visible sur la figure 2).The support 3 is movable along said path F between a measurement position, predetermined with respect to said detection means 4 (FIG. figures 1 and 3 ) and a loading position (visible on the figure 2 ).

Dans l'exemple, ledit trajet prédéterminé est rectiligne ; il est défini par deux glissières parallèles 15a, 15b entre lesquelles se déplace le support 3. Celui-ci est pour l'essentiel constitué d'une plaque dont la partie centrale au moins est transparente, par exemple en verre. Cette plaque se déplace dans son propre plan entre les glissières.In the example, said predetermined path is rectilinear; it is defined by two parallel slides 15a, 15b between which the support 3 moves. The latter is essentially constituted of a plate whose central part at less is transparent, for example glass. This plate moves in its own plane between the slides.

Les moyens d'entraînement du support ne sont pas représentés, pour ne pas surcharger le dessin. La plaque est munie de saillies 6 formant un trépied, pour maintenir le verre. Les glissières qui définissent le trajet F matérialisent un premier référentiel, spécifique au support 3, lequel évolue ici entre la position de mesure prédéterminée par rapport auxdits moyens de détection 4 et ladite position de chargement. Le support 3 a donc une double fonction. Il maintient le verre pendant toute la phase des mesures, sans perturber celles-ci en raison de sa structure particulière (transparence) puis il le transporte jusqu'à un emplacement précis où il le verre est pris en charge par la pince de préhension et de serrage.The drive means of the support are not shown, so as not to overload the drawing. The plate is provided with projections 6 forming a tripod, to hold the glass. The slides that define the path F materialize a first reference, specific to the support 3, which evolves here between the predetermined measurement position relative to said detection means 4 and said loading position. The support 3 has a dual function. He maintains the glass during the measurement phase, without disturbing it because of its particular structure (transparency) and then transports it to a precise location where the glass is supported by the gripper and Tightening.

Les moyens de détection 4 des caractéristiques du verre comportent, de part et d'autre de ladite position prédéterminée du support, d'une part, des moyens d'éclairement 8 incluant une source lumineuse S, et une lentille de collimation 9 propre à en fournir un faisceau parallèle complet illuminant le verre, et, d'autre part, des moyens d'analyse 11 de l'image transmise par le verre installé sur le support 3. Ceux-ci comportent, dans l'exemple, un récepteur optique 28 et un écran translucide 29 intercalés entre le support et le récepteur optique. L'écran translucide 29 peut être constitué par une plaque de verre dépolie en surface. Pour améliorer la lisibilité des informations qui apparaissent sur l'écran dépoli 29, ce dernier peut être un disque monté tournant et entraîné en rotation dans son propre plan. Le récepteur optique 28 peut être un récepteur matriciel ou, comme représenté, une caméra. L'axe optique de ce récepteur est perpendiculaire au support 3 et passe par le centre de la lentille de collimation 9. L'écran 29 est perpendiculaire à cet axe optique.The means 4 for detecting the characteristics of the glass comprise, on either side of said predetermined position of the support, on the one hand, illumination means 8 including a light source S, and a collimation lens 9 specific to provide a complete parallel beam illuminating the glass, and, secondly, means 11 for analyzing the image transmitted by the glass installed on the support 3. These include, in the example, an optical receiver 28 and a translucent screen 29 interposed between the support and the optical receiver. The translucent screen 29 may consist of a frosted glass plate on the surface. To improve the readability of the information that appears on the frosted screen 29, the latter may be a rotatably mounted disk rotated in its own plane. The optical receiver 28 may be a matrix receiver or, as shown, a camera. The optical axis of this receiver is perpendicular to the support 3 and passes through the center of the collimation lens 9. The screen 29 is perpendicular to this optical axis.

La caméra capte l'image du verre qui se forme sur l'écran dépoli. Les informations élaborées par la caméra sont adressées aux moyens de calcul et de visualisation 16, 18. Elles sont traitées par un système électronique et informatique 30 qui reçoit également des informations représentatives des paramètres mentionnés plus haut d'écart inter-pupillaire et de hauteur, par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif de transmission 32 et des informations représentatives du contour de la monture choisie. Ces informations sont par exemple conservées dans une mémoire 34 et sélectionnées par le praticien. Le système électronique et informatique 30 élabore une image qui est visualisée sur l'écran du moniteur des moyens de visualisation 18. Par conséquent, dans la version de réglage semi-automatique, on verra notamment sur cet écran, à la même échelle, le contour de la monture et celui du verre non détouré, avec ses caractéristiques particulières, notamment les points de repérage qui y sont portés. On y verra aussi le point de préhension 0 déterminé comme indiqué plus loin, ainsi que le ou les points représentatifs de la morphologie du porteur.The camera captures the image of the glass that forms on the frosted screen. The information produced by the camera is addressed to the computing and visualization means 16, 18. They are processed by an electronic and computer system 30 which also receives information representative of the parameters mentioned above of interpupillary distance and height, via a transmission device 32 and information representative of the contour of the chosen frame. This information is by examples stored in a memory 34 and selected by the practitioner. The electronic and computer system 30 produces an image that is displayed on the monitor screen of the display means 18. Therefore, in the semi-automatic adjustment version, it will be seen on this screen, on the same scale, the outline of the frame and that of the uncut glass, with its particular characteristics, in particular the marking points which are carried there. We will also see the gripping point 0 determined as indicated below, as well as the point or points representative of the morphology of the wearer.

Le support transparent 3 comporte une découpe de dégagement 38, permettant auxdits moyens formant pince de préhension 25 de serrer le verre en un emplacement voulu de sa surface et de le dégager du support lorsque celui-ci se trouve à ladite position de chargement, afin d'amener ledit verre ophtalmique au voisinage des moyens de meulage, pour procéder au détourage de ce verre.The transparent support 3 comprises a clearance cutout 38, allowing said gripping means 25 to clamp the glass to a desired location on its surface and to disengage it from the support when it is in said loading position, so as to bringing said ophthalmic lens in the vicinity of the grinding means, to proceed with the trimming of this glass.

Les moyens formant pince de préhension et de serrage 25, se déplacent dans un second référentiel pour transporter ledit verre ophtalmique de ladite position de chargement jusqu'aux moyens de meulage.The gripping and gripping means 25 move in a second frame to transport said ophthalmic lens from said loading position to the grinding means.

Plus précisément, ces moyens comportent un bâti 39 en forme générale de C, monté mobile en rotation commandée, autour d'un axe vertical, 40 perpendiculaire au plan du support 3. La rotation du bâti permet d'amener un verre 2 serré par la pince de préhension, dans une zone d'activité des moyens de meulage. Ce bâti comprend deux bras 45, 46 s'étendant de part et d'autre d'un plan horizontal dans lequel se déplace le support 3. Le bras 45, inférieur, porte un arbre de serrage et d'entraînement en rotation 48 tandis que l'autre bras 46, supérieur porte un arbre d'entraînement en rotation 49. Autrement dit, une fois le serrage du verre ophtalmique effectué les deux arbres 48, 49 sont liés à des moyens d'entraînement en rotation communs, logés à l'intérieur du bâti 39. Les deux arbres sont coaxiaux et munis à leurs extrémités en regard de patins de serrage 50 permettant la préhension et le blocage d'un verre ophtalmique 2 prélevé sur le support 3. L'arbre de serrage 48 est quant à lui commandé en déplacement suivant son propre axe pour assurer la préhension et le blocage du verre ophtalmique. L'axe de pivotement 40 du bâti est parallèle à l'axe commun des arbres 48 et 49. En outre, le bâti 39 dans son ensemble est mobile et commandé en translation selon son axe 40 (direction Z).More specifically, these means comprise a generally C-shaped frame 39, mounted to move in controlled rotation about a vertical axis, perpendicular to the plane of the support 3. The rotation of the frame makes it possible to bring a tight glass 2 by the grasping forceps, in an area of activity of the grinding means. This frame comprises two arms 45, 46 extending on either side of a horizontal plane in which the support 3 moves. The lower arm 45 carries a clamping and rotating drive shaft 48. the other upper arm 46 carries a rotational drive shaft 49. In other words, once the ophthalmic lens has been tightened, the two shafts 48, 49 are connected to common rotary drive means housed in the housing. Inside the frame 39. The two shafts are coaxial and provided at their ends facing clamping pads 50 for gripping and blocking an ophthalmic lens 2 taken from the support 3. The clamping shaft 48 is meanwhile controlled movement along its own axis to ensure the gripping and blocking of ophthalmic glass. The pivot axis 40 of the frame is parallel to the common axis of the shafts 48 and 49. In addition, the frame 39 as a whole is movable and controlled in translation along its axis 40 (Z direction).

En effet, une meuleuse pour verre ophtalmique comporte généralement plusieurs meules empilées axialement : Deux meules pour l'ébauche (une pour les matières plastiques et une pour le minéral), une meule de finition et, éventuellement, une meule pour le polissage. Pour réaliser les différentes phases de l'usinage le verre doit passer successivement sur deux ou trois meules. Pour ce faire, il faut donc assurer un mouvement de translation relatif entre les meules et le verre suivant une direction parallèle à l'axe des meules. D'autre part pour faire tenir le verre dans une monture cerclée (dont le contour est fermé) il faut réaliser un biseau sur sa tranche. Cette forme est réalisée par la meule de finition, et éventuellement celle de polissage, qui comporte sur sa périphérie un creux de forme complémentaire à celle du biseau. Pour placer ce biseau au bon endroit sur la tranche du verre on utilise ce même mouvement de translation du verre par rapport aux meules.Indeed, an ophthalmic lens grinder generally comprises several grinders stacked axially: two grinding wheels for roughing (one for plastics and one for mineral), a grinding wheel and, optionally, a grinding wheel for polishing. To achieve the different phases of the machining glass must pass successively on two or three grinding wheels. To do this, it is necessary to ensure a relative translation movement between the grinding wheels and the glass in a direction parallel to the axis of the grinding wheels. On the other hand to hold the glass in a rimmed mount (whose contour is closed) must be made a bevel on its edge. This form is achieved by the finishing wheel, and possibly the polishing wheel, which has on its periphery a shaped hollow complementary to that of the bevel. To place this bevel in the right place on the edge of the glass is used the same translational movement of the glass relative to the wheels.

Ce mouvement relatif pourrait être réalisé par une translation du support des meules suivant leur axe.This relative movement could be achieved by a translation of the wheel support along their axis.

Dans le cas présent, cependant, c'est le bâti 39 qui réalise ce mouvement afin de faciliter la préhension du verre. En effet une fois le verre positionné manuellement ou mesuré et le support 3 en position de chargement, le bâti 39 tourne autour de son axe 40 pour positionner les arbres 48 et 49 en face du point de préhension, puis il effectue une translation vers le bas jusqu'à mettre en contact le patin 50 de l'arbre 49 avec le verre. Ensuite le patin de l'arbre 48 vient pincer le verre. Le bâti remonte ensuite le long de son axe 40, dégage le verre 2 du support 3 puis tourne autour de ce même axe pour positionner le verre dans la zone de meulage.In this case, however, it is the frame 39 that makes this movement to facilitate the gripping of the glass. Indeed once the glass positioned manually or measured and the support 3 in the loading position, the frame 39 rotates about its axis 40 to position the shafts 48 and 49 in front of the gripping point, then it performs a downward translation until contacting the shoe 50 of the shaft 49 with the glass. Then the pad of the shaft 48 pinches the glass. The frame then rises along its axis 40, releases the glass 2 of the support 3 and then rotates around this same axis to position the glass in the grinding zone.

Le bâti peut alors pivoter d'environ 120 à 150° pour amener le verre à détourer au voisinage de la meuleuse. Pendant le détourage, le système électronique et informatique 30 pilote à la fois le pivotement du bâti et la rotation du verre autour de l'axe commun des deux arbres 48, 49, en fonction du contour à donner au verre ophtalmique. Les moyens formant pince de préhension et de serrage 25 déplacent le verre dans ledit second référentiel pour transporter le verre de la position de chargement jusqu'aux moyens de meulage et ensuite faire tourner le verre autour de l'axe commun des deux arbres. Ce second référentiel est lié audit premier référentiel, c'est-à-dire celui de support. Pendant le meulage la distance entre l'axe commun des deux arbres 48, 49 et l'axe de rotation des moyens de meulage 20 est contrôlée en synchronisme avec la rotation du verre autour dudit axe commun pour donner au verre le contour voulu. Autrement dit, le pivotement du bâti 39 est contrôlé pendant le meulage.The frame can then rotate about 120 to 150 ° to bring the glass to be cut near the grinder. During the trimming, the electronic and computer system 30 controls both the pivoting of the frame and the rotation of the glass around the common axis of the two shafts 48, 49, depending on the contour to be given to the ophthalmic lens. The gripper and gripper means moves the glass in said second frame to transport the glass from the loading position to the grinding means and then rotate the lens around the common axis of the two shafts. This second repository is linked to said first repository, that is to say that of support. during grinding the distance between the common axis of the two shafts 48, 49 and the axis of rotation of the grinding means 20 is controlled in synchronism with the rotation of the glass around said common axis to give the glass the desired contour. In other words, the pivoting of the frame 39 is controlled during grinding.

Sur la figure 4, le centre 0 du rectangle 56 qui encadre le périmètre du "cercle" 57 de la monture et qui représente par conséquent la forme finale du verre ophtalmique, est le point du verre ophtalmique où viennent s'appliquer les patins de serrage 50 des moyens formant pince de préhension 25.On the figure 4 the center 0 of the rectangle 56 which surrounds the perimeter of the "circle" 57 of the frame and which therefore represents the final shape of the ophthalmic lens, is the point of the ophthalmic lens into which the clamping shoes 50 of the means forming grasping forceps 25.

On va maintenant expliquer comment le dispositif qui vient d'être décrit est mis en oeuvre pour faciliter le positionnement du verre sur le support 3 en vue d'un détourage automatique de celui-ci.We will now explain how the device that has just been described is implemented to facilitate the positioning of the glass on the support 3 for the purpose of automatic trimming thereof.

Le verre ophtalmique 3 peut être de plusieurs types. S'il s'agit d'un verre uni focal l'opticien devra repérer son centre optique ainsi que, éventuellement, l'axe du cylindre, pour la correction d'astigmatisme, à l'aide d'un appareil connu appelé frontofocomètre. Grâce à cet appareil, on dépose trois points alignés sur la surface du verre. Le point central correspond au centre optique du verre, les deux autres indiquent l'axe du cylindre. S'il s'agit d'un verre progressif, celui-ci est généralement livré avec un marquage à l'encre destiné à repérer les points nécessaires au centrage. Typiquement, ce marquage matérialise le centre de vision de loin, l'axe de progression et la zone de vision de près. S'il s'agit d'un verre bi ou tri focal, la "pastille" de vision de près est prise comme référence pour le centrage.Ophthalmic glass 3 can be of several types. In the case of a single focal lens, the optician will have to identify his optical center and possibly the axis of the cylinder, for the correction of astigmatism, using a known device called a lensmeter. With this device, three points are placed aligned on the surface of the glass. The central point corresponds to the optical center of the glass, the other two indicate the axis of the cylinder. If it is a progressive lens, it is usually delivered with an ink marking to identify the points needed for centering. Typically, this marking materializes the center of vision from far, the axis of progression and the near vision zone. If it is a focal bi or tri lens, the near vision "patch" is taken as a reference for centering.

Par ailleurs, l'opticien dispose d'une numérisation de la forme de la monture choisie (mémoire 34) lui permettant d'introduire cette forme dans le système électronique et informatique 30, sous forme de données qui permettent de visualiser le contour du cadre ou "cercle" sur l'écran des moyens de visualisation 18. D'autre part, l'opticien renseigne le système électronique et informatique 30 des valeurs d'écart inter-pupillaire et de hauteur, mesurées sur le porteur. Pour ce faire, un dispositif 32 (clavier ou autre) constitue une interface adaptée pour prendre en compte et introduire dans le système 30 les caractéristiques représentatives de la morphologie du porteur. La forme représentative de la monture est affichée sur l'écran et est positionnée de façon que le centre 0 du rectangle dans lequel s'inscrit le "cercle" (voir figure 4) corresponde à un point déterminé qui sera le point de préhension du verre sur le support 3, lorsque le support est à ladite position de chargement. En fonction des données propres au porteur, une croix de centrage apparaît sur l'écran. Par exemple, cette croix correspond au centre optique du verre pour un verre uni focal, au point de vision de loin pour un verre progressif ou à la position du centre du segment de la pastille, pour un verre bi ou tri focal. En outre, le système électronique et informatique "reçoit l'image" du verre via le récepteur 28, ce qui permet de superposer cette image à celles qui sont déjà affichées sur l'écran. A partir de ce moment, l'opticien peut donc faire varier la position du verre sur le support 3 de façon à positionner les marquages réalisés sur le verre par rapport à la croix de centrage. L'apparition du "cercle" de la monture permet de contrôler que le verre est suffisamment grand pour que le montage soit possible.Moreover, the optician has a digitization of the shape of the frame chosen (memory 34) allowing it to introduce this shape into the electronic and computer system 30, in the form of data which make it possible to visualize the outline of the frame or On the other hand, the optician informs the electronic and computer system 30 of inter-pupillary distance and height values, measured on the wearer. To do this, a device 32 (keyboard or other) is an interface adapted to take into account and introduce into the system 30 characteristics representative of the morphology of the wearer. The representative form of the mount is displayed on the screen and is positioned so that the center 0 of the rectangle in which the "circle" (see figure 4 ) corresponds to a specific point which will be the point of grip of the glass on the support 3, when the support is at said loading position. Depending on the data specific to the wearer, a centering cross appears on the screen. For example, this cross corresponds to the optical center of the glass for a single focal glass, at the far vision point for a progressive lens or at the position of the center of the segment of the patch, for a focal bi or tri lens. In addition, the electronic and computer system "receives the image" of the glass via the receiver 28, which allows to superimpose this image to those already displayed on the screen. From this moment, the optician can therefore vary the position of the glass on the support 3 so as to position the markings made on the glass relative to the centering cross. The appearance of the "circle" of the frame makes it possible to control that the glass is large enough for mounting to be possible.

Une fois le verre correctement positionné, l'opticien n'a plus à intervenir, en principe, puisque le support 3 est déplacé vers la position de chargement où le verre se trouve pris en charge par lesdits moyens formant pince de préhension et de serrage 25 puis transporté vers les moyens de meulage. Dans l'exemple représenté, le chariot réalise une translation tandis que deux rotations et une translation sont réalisées par les moyens formant pince de préhension et de serrage : une rotation autour de l'axe 40 dudit bâti mobile, une rotation autour de l'axe commun des deux arbres 48, 49. La translation est suivant la direction Z. On peut envisager d'autres modes de réalisation comportant d'autres combinaisons de translation(s) et rotation(s).Once the glass is properly positioned, the optician does not have to intervene, in principle, since the support 3 is moved to the loading position where the glass is supported by said gripping and clamping means 25 then transported to the grinding means. In the example shown, the carriage performs a translation while two rotations and a translation are performed by the means forming gripping and clamping pliers: a rotation about the axis 40 of said movable frame, a rotation about the axis common of the two shafts 48, 49. The translation is in the direction Z. It is possible to envisage other embodiments having other combinations of translation (s) and rotation (s).

On va maintenant décrire en référence à la figure 5 un dispositif de détection automatique 104 de caractéristiques d'un verre ophtalmique susceptible de constituer une variante perfectionnée des moyens de détection de caractéristiques du verre représentés sur la figure 3. Avec un tel dispositif de détection automatique le système électronique et informatique 30 pourra réaliser une analyse plus complète de l'image du verre et reconnaître automatiquement, par exemple, les marquages réalisés sur le verre ou le segment d'un verre double foyer. Autrement dit, dès lors que le verre est posé sur le support 103, l'analyse de l'image permet de connaître la position des marquages du verre dans le référentiel de ce support. Le système peut alors calculer la position du centre de serrage du verre de façon que le centre optique du verre ou une autre marque de centrage soit correctement positionné dans la monture. Les moyens formant pince de préhension et de serrage viennent serrer le verre à ce point.We will now describe with reference to the figure 5 a device 104 for automatically detecting the characteristics of an ophthalmic lens capable of constituting an improved variant of the means for detecting characteristics of the glass represented on the figure 3 . With such an automatic detection device, the electronic and computer system 30 can perform a more complete analysis of the image of the glass and automatically recognize, for example, the markings made on the glass or the segment of a double-focus glass. In other words, since the glass is placed on the support 103, the analysis of the image makes it possible to know the position of the markings of the glass in the reference frame of this support. The system can then calculate the position of the center of the glass so that the optical center of the glass or another centering mark is correctly positioned in the frame. The means forming a gripping and clamping pliers tighten the glass at this point.

Ce dispositif de détection automatique 104 de caractéristiques d'un verre ophtalmique 102 comporte un support 103, ici horizontal et constitué par une plaque de verre transparente munie de saillies 106 formant un trépied, pour maintenir un tel verre et, de part et d'autre de ce support : d'une part des moyens d'éclairement 108 incluant un système optique pour élaborer un faisceau lumineux dirigé vers le verre installé sur le support et, d'autre part, des moyens d'analyse 110 de l'image transmise par le verre installé sur le support.This device 104 for automatically detecting the characteristics of an ophthalmic lens 102 comprises a support 103, here horizontal and consisting of a transparent glass plate provided with projections 106 forming a tripod, for holding such a glass and, on both sides of this support: on the one hand illumination means 108 including an optical system for developing a light beam directed towards the glass installed on the support and, on the other hand, means 110 for analyzing the image transmitted by the glass installed on the support.

Le système optique 111 est agencé pour définir deux trajets optiques possibles 112, 113, commutables, pour ledit faisceau lumineux. Dans l'exemple représenté, les moyens d'éclairement comportent au moins deux sources lumineuses S1, S2 commutables, correspondant respectivement aux deux trajets optiques précités. Autrement dit, lorsque la source S1 est allumée, la source S2 est éteinte et réciproquement. Les deux trajets optiques 112, 113 comportent une partie commune 115 en amont dudit support, plus particulièrement déterminée entre un miroir semi-réfléchissant 118 et le capteur 128. Ce miroir matérialise l'intersection des deux trajets optiques. Le miroir peut être remplacé par un cube séparateur ou un miroir amovible.The optical system 111 is arranged to define two possible optical paths 112, 113, switchable, for said light beam. In the example shown, the illumination means comprise at least two switchable light sources S1, S2 corresponding respectively to the two optical paths mentioned above. In other words, when the source S1 is on, the source S2 is off and vice versa. The two optical paths 112, 113 comprise a common portion 115 upstream of said support, more particularly determined between a semi-reflecting mirror 118 and the sensor 128. This mirror materializes the intersection of the two optical paths. The mirror can be replaced by a separator cube or a removable mirror.

Selon une caractéristique importante de ce mode de réalisation, un masque 120 formant une matrice de Hartmann ou analogue est placé sur l'un seulement des trajets (le trajet 112), en un emplacement tel qu'il occupe une position prédéterminée par rapport à un axe optique 125 desdits moyens d'analyse 110. Cet axe optique 125 est en fait l'axe commun de certaines lentilles du système optique centrées par rapport à la source S1 et d'un récepteur optique 128 faisant partie des moyens d'analyse 110 situés de l'autre côté du support 103. Les moyens d'analyse comportent aussi un écran translucide 129 dépoli, intercalé perpendiculairement à cet axe optique 125 entre le support 103 et ledit récepteur optique 128 . Ce dernier peut être un capteur matriciel ou une caméra avec objectif. Si le récepteur optique est un capteur matriciel, on lui adjoint un système de deux lentilles 130, 131 et un diaphragme 132 (système télécentrique). Si le récepteur optique est une caméra, ces éléments sont remplacés par l'objectif même de la caméra. L'écran translucide 129 dépoli est de préférence un verre ou analogue, dépoli en surface. Il s'agit d'un disque monté tournant et entraîné en rotation par un moteur 135 autour d'un axe parallèle 136 à l'axe optique 125 et espacé de celui-ci.According to an important feature of this embodiment, a mask forming a Hartmann matrix or the like is placed on only one of the paths (the path 112), at a location such that it occupies a predetermined position with respect to a optical axis 125 of said analysis means 110. This optical axis 125 is in fact the common axis of some lenses of the optical system centered with respect to the source S1 and an optical receiver 128 forming part of the analysis means 110 located on the other side of the support 103. The analysis means also comprise a translucent screen 129 frosted interspersed perpendicularly to this optical axis 125 between the support 103 and said optical receiver 128. The latter can be a matrix sensor or a camera with lens. If the optical receiver is a matrix sensor, it is added a system of two lenses 130, 131 and a diaphragm 132 (telecentric system). If the optical receiver is a camera, these elements are replaced by the very purpose of the camera. The frosted translucent screen 129 is preferably a glass or the like, frosted on the surface. This is a rotatably mounted disk rotated by a motor 135 about an axis parallel to and perpendicular to the optical axis 125.

Revenant au système optique 111 lié aux sources S1 et S2, la première source lumineuse S1 parmi ces deux sources est une source dite ponctuelle associée à au moins une lentille de collimation 139 propre à en fournir un faisceau parallèle complet illuminant le masque 120. La source S1 est utilisée pour établir une sorte de cartographie du verre (mesure de puissance/astigmatisme en plusieurs points du verre), pour la détermination du centre optique des verres non progressifs, et pour repositionner sur la face avant du verre les objets (gravure, marquage, segment) vus avec S2. S1 peut éventuellement être mobile suivant l'axe optique ou un axe perpendiculaire à celui-ci. La lentille de collimation 139 est centrée sur l'axe optique précité. Le système optique comporte en outre un expanseur constitué de deux lentilles 140, 141 également centrées sur l'axe optique précité et placées entre le miroir et le support. Cet expanseur permet de générer un faisceau de lumière parallèle de plus grande dimension, supérieure à celle du verre et d'imager le masque 120 sur la surface du verre ophtalmique.Returning to the optical system 111 linked to the sources S1 and S2, the first light source S1 among these two sources is a so-called point source associated with at least one collimation lens 139 able to provide a complete parallel beam illuminating the mask 120. The source S1 is used to establish a kind of mapping of the glass (measurement of power / astigmatism at several points of the glass), for the determination of the optical center of non-progressive glasses, and to reposition the objects on the front face of the glass (engraving, marking , segment) seen with S2. S1 may optionally be movable along the optical axis or an axis perpendicular thereto. The collimation lens 139 is centered on the aforementioned optical axis. The optical system further comprises an expander consisting of two lenses 140, 141 also centered on the aforementioned optical axis and placed between the mirror and the support. This expander makes it possible to generate a parallel light beam of larger size, greater than that of the glass, and to image the mask 120 on the surface of the ophthalmic lens.

Une seconde source lumineuse S2 est agencée pour éclairer le verre 102 installé sur le support 103 via une partie du système optique, excluant le masque 120 formant matrice de Hartmann. Cette seconde source lumineuse est associée au miroir semi-réfléchissant 118 qui matérialise l'intersection des deux trajets optiques 112, 113. Cette source S2 est une source ponctuelle associée à au moins une lentille de collimation propre à en fournir un faisceau parallèle complet dirigé vers le miroir 118. Le faisceau engendré par la lentille S2 est perpendiculaire au faisceau engendré par la lentille S1 et le miroir fait un angle de 45° par rapport à l'axe optique 125 de sorte que le faisceau parallèle complet issu de la source S2 est réfléchi sur ce miroir et dirigé vers le support 103 du verre ophtalmique. En revanche, en aval du masque 120, la lumière émise par la source S2 se divise en rayons lumineux distincts parallèles entre eux à la sortie de l'expanseur 140, 141.A second light source S2 is arranged to illuminate the glass 102 installed on the support 103 via a portion of the optical system, excluding the mask 120 forming a Hartmann matrix. This second light source is associated with the semi-reflecting mirror 118 which materializes the intersection of the two optical paths 112, 113. This source S2 is a point source associated with at least one collimating lens capable of providing a complete parallel beam directed towards the mirror 118. The beam generated by the lens S2 is perpendicular to the beam generated by the lens S1 and the mirror is at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the optical axis 125 so that the complete parallel beam from the source S2 is reflected on this mirror and directed towards the support 103 of the ophthalmic lens. On the other hand, downstream of the mask 120, the light emitted by the source S2 splits into distinct light rays parallel to each other at the exit of the expander 140, 141.

Comme on le verra plus loin, la source S2 est principalement utilisée pour la détermination de marques imprimées, de gravures en relief et de segments (verres bifocaux et trifocaux). En revanche, un verre ophtalmique minéral comporte des gravures diffusantes. Dans ce cas, il est nécessaire pour certaines opérations d'éclairer le verre 102 en lumière rasante. C'est pourquoi le dispositif comporte au moins une troisième source lumineuse et, dans l'exemple plusieurs sources S31, S3n réparties circulairement, à la périphérie du support 103, pour éclairer en lumière rasante, un tel verre placé sur ledit support. Dans ce cas il ne faut pas que les rayons lumineux soient diffusés par le dépoli, il faut donc prévoir soit un verre dépoli escamotable soit un verre présentant une zone polie utilisée uniquement dans ce cas.As will be seen below, the source S2 is mainly used for the determination of printed marks, relief engravings and segments (bifocal and trifocal glasses). In contrast, a mineral ophthalmic lens has diffusing etchings. In this case, it is necessary for some operations to illuminate the glass 102 in grazing light. This is why the device comprises at least one third light source and, in the example, several sources S31, S3n distributed circularly, at the periphery of the support 103, for illuminating in grazing light, such a glass placed on said support. In this case it is not necessary that the light rays are diffused by the frosted, so it is necessary to provide either a frosted glass or a retractable glass having a polished area used only in this case.

Les sources lumineuses mentionnées S1, S2, ci-dessus peuvent être des diodes électroluminescentes (LED) ou des diodes laser de préférence associées à des fibres optiques respectives. Les sources S31, S3n seront de préférence des diodes électroluminescentes.The light sources mentioned S1, S2, above may be light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or laser diodes preferably associated with respective optical fibers. The sources S31, S3n will preferably be light emitting diodes.

On va maintenant décrire la façon dont le dispositif peut être exploité pour déterminer un certain nombre de caractéristiques du verre ophtalmique placé sur le support.We will now describe how the device can be used to determine a number of characteristics of the ophthalmic lens placed on the support.

1°/ Identification du verre ophtalmique 1 ° / Identification of ophthalmic lens

Il est utile de pouvoir reconnaître, avant toute autre chose, le type de verre ophtalmique analysé (monofocal, multifocal ou progressif) afin d'éviter les erreurs. Pour ce faire, on utilise la source S1 en liaison avec le masque formant matrice de Hartmann. Le faisceau parallèle complet est transformé par le masque 120 en une pluralité de rayons fins individualisés correspondant à la configuration du masque. Chacun de ces rayons frappe la face d'entrée (face avant du verre) parallèlement à l'axe optique. Ces rayons sont déviés par le verre et sont visualisés sous forme de tâches lumineuses sur l'écran dépoli tournant 129. Le dépoli est imagé sur le capteur matriciel, associé au système télécentrique ou celui de la caméra, et les tâches sont analysées par un système électronique et informatique de traitement 16 (figure 2) qui détermine leur déplacement.It is useful to be able to recognize, before anything else, the type of ophthalmic lens analyzed (monofocal, multifocal or progressive) to avoid errors. To do this, the source S1 is used in conjunction with the Hartmann matrix mask. The complete parallel beam is transformed by the mask 120 into a plurality of individualized fine rays corresponding to the configuration of the mask. Each of these spokes strikes the entrance face (front face of the glass) parallel to the optical axis. These rays are deflected by the glass and are visualized as light spots on the rotating frosted screen 129. The frosted is imaged on the matrix sensor, associated with the telecentric system or that of the camera, and the tasks are analyzed by a system. electronic and computer processing 16 ( figure 2 ) which determines their displacement.

Si le verre est du type unifocal, le déplacement des points du masque (c'est à dire les tâches lumineuses qui apparaissent sur l'écran dépoli) après déviation par le verre est en progression linéaire du centre vers la périphérie, comparé aux positions des mêmes points lorsque le support ne porte aucun verre ophtalmique. Les positions des points du masque de Hartmann sur l'écran lorsque le support ne porte aucun verre sont mesurées au cours d'une phase d'étalonnage. Par conséquent, la mesure d'un déplacement de ce genre permet de déterminer le type de verre. Par exemple, pour un verre convergent, les tâches se rapprochent de l'axe optique, d'autant plus que le verre est puissant.If the glass is of the unifocal type, the movement of the points of the mask (that is to say the light spots that appear on the frosted screen) after deflection by the glass is progressing linearly from the center to the periphery, compared to the positions of the same points when the support bears no ophthalmic glass. The positions of the Hartmann mask points on the screen when the holder bears no glass are measured during a calibration phase. Therefore, measuring a displacement of this kind makes it possible to determine the type of glass. For example, for a convergent lens, the tasks are close to the optical axis, especially since the glass is powerful.

2°/ Détermination de la ligne de progression d'un verre progressif 2 ° / Determination of the progression line of a progressive lens

Dans les conditions de mesure indiquées ci-dessus, on observe que pour un verre progressif, le déplacement des points varie suivant une ligne dite "ligne de progression". Pour déterminer cette ligne de progression, on détermine par calcul la direction du gradient de puissance en calculant la puissance en différents points du verre, par exemple selon la méthode qui sera indiquée plus loin. Cette direction est la ligne de progression. On peut donc mesurer et calculer de ce fait l'orientation de la ligne de progression qui est une des caractéristiques importantes d'un verre progressif. Il est à noter que ces calculs sont menés à partir de deux séries de données, d'une part la configuration des points du masque de Hartmann sur l'écran dépoli lorsque aucun verre ophtalmique n'est présent sur le support et d'autre part la configuration correspondante des mêmes points lorsqu'elle résulte d'une déviation de l'ensemble des rayons par le verre ophtalmique.In the measurement conditions indicated above, it is observed that for a progressive lens, the displacement of the points varies along a so-called "line of progression" line. To determine this progression line, the direction of the power gradient is determined by calculation by calculating the power at different points of the glass, for example according to the method which will be indicated below. This direction is the progression line. It is therefore possible to measure and calculate the orientation of the progression line, which is one of the important characteristics of a progressive lens. It should be noted that these calculations are based on two sets of data, on the one hand the configuration of the points of the Hartmann mask on the frosted screen when no ophthalmic lens is present on the support and on the other hand the corresponding configuration of the same points when it results from a deviation of all the rays by the ophthalmic lens.

3°/ Détermination du centre optique pour un verre non progressif 3 ° / Determination of the optical center for a non-progressive glass

Si le verre ophtalmique 102 a été identifié comme étant du type unifocal on peut facilement déterminer la position du centre optique de ce verre en comparant les points du masque de référence (apparaissant sur l'écran dépoli 129 lorsqu'aucun verre n'est positionné sur le support) et les points correspondants du masque visualisés sur l'écran dépoli après déviation par le verre. En principe, le point du masque qui n'a pas été dévié correspond à la position du centre optique. Comme il n'existe pas généralement de rayon n'ayant subi aucune déviation, on procède en fait à une interpolation à partir des rayons les moins déviés, par exemple par application de la méthode des moindres carrés.If the ophthalmic lens 102 has been identified as being of the unifocal type, the position of the optical center of this lens can easily be determined by comparing the points of the reference mask (appearing on the frosted screen 129 when no glass is positioned on the support) and the corresponding points of the mask displayed on the frosted screen after deflection by the glass. In principle, the point of the mask that has not been deviated corresponds to the position of the optical center. Since there is generally no undifferentiated ray, an interpolation is made from the least deviated rays, for example by the use of the least squares method.

4°/ Calcul de la puissance et de l'astigmatisme du verre 4 ° / Calculation of the power and the astigmatism of the glass

On sait que pour un verre unifocal, la distance entre le foyer et la face arrière du verre représente la puissance.It is known that for a unifocal lens, the distance between the focus and the rear face of the glass represents the power.

La position de la face arrière du verre est donnée avec une bonne approximation par la position du support puisque le verre est posé sur celui-ci. Pour déterminer le foyer, on utilise encore l'image sur l'écran dépoli du masque formant matrice de Hartmann. Pour ce faire, on compare la position des points correspondants entre l'image d'étalonnage (prise avant positionnement du verre) et l'image après interposition du verre. On compare pour plusieurs points voisins la position et la direction des rayons lumineux, ce qui permet de calculer la position du foyer sur l'axe optique (et donc sa puissance, qui est l'inverse de la distance du foyer au verre) et l'astigmatisme du verre (valeur et axe d'astigmatisme) s'il y a astigmatisme. Ces mesures sont locales et peuvent être répétées sur différentes zones du verre, ce qui permet d'obtenir une carte de puissance du verre.The position of the rear face of the glass is given with a good approximation by the position of the support since the glass is placed on it. To determine the focus, the image is still used on the frosted screen of the Hartmann matrix mask. To do this, we compare the position of the corresponding points between the calibration image (taken before positioning the glass) and the image after interposition of the glass. The position and the direction of the light rays are compared for several neighboring points, which makes it possible to calculate the position of the focus on the optical axis (and thus its power, which is the inverse of the distance from the focus to the glass) and the glass astigmatism (value and axis of astigmatism) if there is astigmatism. These measurements are local and can be repeated on different areas of the glass, which makes it possible to obtain a glass power card.

5°/ Détermination du point de référence du prisme et de l'axe de l'horizontale pour un verre progressif 5 ° / Determination of the reference point of the prism and the axis of the horizontal for a progressive lens

On sait que l'on peut considérer qu'en tout point du verre ophtalmique, la face avant et la face arrière font un angle assimilable à un prisme. Par ailleurs, dans un verre progressif, on définit l'addition comme étant la différence entre la puissance maximum et la puissance minimum du verre. Par convention, on définit le point de référence du prisme comme le point où le prisme du verre vaut les deux tiers de l'addition.It is known that one can consider that in any point of the ophthalmic lens, the front face and the rear face make an angle comparable to a prism. On the other hand, in progressive glass, the addition is defined as the difference between the maximum power and the minimum power of the glass. By convention, the point of reference of the prism is defined as the point where the prism of glass is worth two-thirds of the addition.

Sur un verre progressif, le point de référence de prisme (PRP) est le centre d'un segment séparant deux repères gravés sur le verre. Le plus souvent, ce point est également repéré par un marquage spécifique imprimé. Le repérage du PRP se fait en illuminant le verre à partir de la source lumineuse S2, c'est à dire en évitant le masque de Hartmann 120. L'image transmise par le verre ophtalmique apparaît sur le verre dépoli 129, elle est perçue par le récepteur optique 128. La lecture s'accompagne d'un traitement d'image approprié pour mieux discerner les repères gravés ou les marquages. Cette visualisation des repères gravés ou marquages et la détermination du PRP permet ensuite de déterminer le point de centrage du verre progressif (analogue au centre optique) sur lequel on doit faire coïncider la position du centre de la pupille, de l'oeil du porteur et l'axe d'horizontale qui donne l'orientation du verre dans la monture.On a progressive lens, the prism reference point (PRP) is the center of a segment separating two markers engraved on the glass. Most often, this point is also marked by a specific printed marking. The identification of the PRP is done by illuminating the glass from the light source S2, that is to say by avoiding the Hartmann mask 120. The image transmitted by the ophthalmic lens appears on the frosted glass 129, it is perceived by the optical receiver 128. The reading is accompanied by an appropriate image processing to better discern the engraved marks or markings. This visualization of the engraved markings or markings and the determination of the PRP then makes it possible to determine the centering point of the progressive glass (analogous to the optical center). on which the position of the center of the pupil, of the wearer's eye and the horizontal axis which gives the orientation of the lens in the frame must coincide.

6°/ Détermination de la forme et des dimensions du verre 6 ° / Determination of the shape and dimensions of the glass

Ces caractéristiques se déterminent en illuminant le verre ophtalmique à partir de la source S2 et en effectuant un traitement d'image approprié afin de mieux discerner les contours du verre. Avant détourage, le verre est généralement circulaire et cette analyse à principalement pour but de déterminer son diamètre. Cependant, il peut arriver que le verre ait déjà une forme proche de celle de la monture à laquelle il est destiné. Le traitement d'image permet de connaître la forme et les dimensions du verre non circulaire. La détermination de la forme et des dimensions du verre permet de vérifier que celui-ci est suffisamment grand pour tenir dans la monture.These characteristics are determined by illuminating the ophthalmic lens from the source S2 and performing an appropriate image processing to better discern the contours of the glass. Before clipping, the glass is generally circular and this analysis mainly aims to determine its diameter. However, it may happen that the glass already has a shape close to that of the frame for which it is intended. The image processing makes it possible to know the shape and the dimensions of the non-circular glass. The determination of the shape and dimensions of the glass makes it possible to verify that the latter is large enough to fit in the frame.

7°/ Détermination de la position du segment dans le cas d'un verre à double foyer 7 ° / Determination of the position of the segment in the case of a bifocals glass

On utilise encore la source S2 qui permet de visualiser le verre ophtalmique sur l'écran dépoli. Un traitement d'images approprié permet de mieux observer les variations d'intensité lumineuses sur l'écran et par conséquent d'obtenir un contour net des limites du segment, et déterminer sa position avec précision.The S2 source is still used to display the ophthalmic lens on the frosted screen. Appropriate image processing makes it possible to better observe the variations in light intensity on the screen and consequently to obtain a sharp outline of the limits of the segment, and to determine its position with precision.

Il est à noter que pour tous les paramètres indiqués ci-dessus qui sont acquis à partir de l'illumination du verre ophtalmique par la source S2, c'est à dire en excluant le masque de Hartmann, il est possible de retraiter les mesures pour "reporter" les positions des marques, gravures ou segment lues sur l'écran dépoli, au niveau de la face avant du verre ophtalmique. La source S2 permet de voir les marques, gravures ou segment mais ne permet pas de déterminer leurs positions sur la face avant du verre. La source S1 permet par contre de calculer la position précise de ces éléments acquis avec S2 sur la face avant du verre. On procède de la façon suivante. Supposons que l'on considère la tache lumineuse A, sur l'écran dépoli 129, correspondant à l'un des trous du masque de Hartmann. Le rayon lumineux correspondant frappe la face avant du verre 102 en A'. Dans une première étape, on allume la source S2 et on mémorise l'image correspondante qui apparaît sur l'écran dépoli. Puis, on allume la source S1 et on éteint la source S2. L'image du masque de Hartmann apparaît donc sur l'écran dépoli 129. Par construction, on connaît la hauteur de chaque trou du masque de Hartmann (distance du trou par rapport à l'axe optique 125). Par conséquent, pour un rayon donné et étant donné que les caractéristiques de l'expanseur 140, 141 sont bien connues, on connaît la hauteur du rayon correspondant à son point d'entrée sur la face avant du verre ophtalmique 102. C'est à dire qu'on connaît la hauteur du point A' correspondant au point A. Par conséquent, on peut affecter au point A une correction qui permet de déterminer A'. On peut donc retrouver la position sur le verre même, de tout repère lu sur l'écran dépoli, ce qui augmente la précision de cette mesure. Autrement dit, l'utilisation d'un masque de Hartmann en liaison avec une source lumineuse S1 (ledit masque de Hartmann étant placé en amont du verre ophtalmique) permet d'améliorer toutes les mesures qui sont effectuées en illuminant le verre à partir d'une source S2 empruntant un trajet optique excluant ledit masque.It should be noted that for all the parameters indicated above which are acquired from the illumination of the ophthalmic lens by the source S2, ie excluding the Hartmann mask, it is possible to reprocess the measurements for "postpone" the positions of the marks, engravings or segment read on the frosted screen, at the front of the ophthalmic lens. The source S2 makes it possible to see the marks, engravings or segment but does not make it possible to determine their positions on the front face of the glass. On the other hand, the source S1 makes it possible to calculate the precise position of these elements acquired with S2 on the front face of the glass. We proceed as follows. Suppose we consider light spot A, on the frosted screen 129, corresponding to one of the holes of the Hartmann mask. The corresponding light beam strikes the front face of the glass 102 at A '. In a first step, the source S2 is turned on and the corresponding image which appears on the frosted screen is stored. Then, we turn on the source S1 and turn off the source S2. The image of Hartmann's mask appears on the frosted screen 129. By construction, the height of each hole of the Hartmann mask is known (distance of the hole relative to the optical axis 125). Therefore, for a given radius and since the characteristics of the expander 140, 141 are well known, the height of the radius corresponding to its point of entry on the front face of the ophthalmic lens 102 is known. say that we know the height of the point A 'corresponding to the point A. Therefore, we can assign to the point A a correction that determines A'. We can find the position on the glass itself, any mark read on the frosted screen, which increases the accuracy of this measurement. In other words, the use of a Hartmann mask in connection with a light source S1 (said Hartmann mask being placed upstream of the ophthalmic lens) makes it possible to improve all the measurements that are made by illuminating the glass from a source S2 borrowing an optical path excluding said mask.

Comme mentionné précédemment, les mesures normalement effectuées par utilisation de la source S2 peuvent être réalisées dans de meilleures conditions, lorsque le verre ophtalmique est un verre minéral, en remplaçant la source S2 par une ou plusieurs sources éclairant la face avant du verre ophtalmique en lumière rasante.As mentioned above, the measurements normally carried out using the source S2 can be carried out under better conditions, when the ophthalmic lens is a mineral glass, by replacing the source S2 with one or more sources illuminating the front face of the ophthalmic lens in light. grazing.

L'acquisition des mesures indiquées ci-dessus permet, en liaison avec les données acquises par le dispositif de transmission 32 et la mémoire 34, de déterminer le point de préhension exact du verre ophtalmique sur le support 3 amené à ladite position de chargement et de piloter tous les mouvements du bâti 39 (pivotement autour de l'axe 39 et rotation du verre) pendant le détourage. Avec un tel mode de réalisation le moniteur 18 est facultatif.The acquisition of the measurements indicated above makes it possible, in connection with the data acquired by the transmission device 32 and the memory 34, to determine the exact point of grip of the ophthalmic lens on the support 3 brought to said loading and control all movements of the frame 39 (pivoting about the axis 39 and rotation of the glass) during the trimming. With such an embodiment the monitor 18 is optional.

Claims (27)

  1. Ophthalmic lens trimming device characterised in that it includes:
    - detection means (4, 104) for detecting characteristics of said lens,
    - means (32) for taking into account characteristics representative of the morphology of a wearer,
    - a support (3, 103) for a lens of this kind, mobile along at least one predetermined path in a first frame of reference between a predetermined measuring position relative to said detection means and a loading position,
    - means (16) for superposing the characteristics previously cited of said lens and characteristics representative of the morphology of said wearer,
    - means (20) for grinding the edges of said lens, and
    - holding and gripping clamp means (25) mobile in a second frame of reference tied to said first frame of reference for transporting said lens from said loading position to the grinding means.
  2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that said predetermined path along which said support is mobile, is rectilinear.
  3. Device according to either of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that said holding and gripping clamp means (25) are adapted to turn said lens about its holding point.
  4. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that said means (16) for superposing said characteristics include display means (18).
  5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that said support (3, 103) is transparent and has an access cut-out (38) allowing said holding clamp means to grip said lens at a required place on its surface and to remove it from said support.
  6. Device according to claim 5, characterised in that said support includes a transparent plate mobile in its own plane along rectilinear guide means (15a, 15b).
  7. Device according to claim 6, characterised in that said transparent plate has projections (6, 106) forming at least one tripod for holding a lens as previously cited.
  8. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said detection means (4) include at least means for displaying a lens as previously cited including, on respective opposite sides of said support when the latter is in said predetermined position, firstly, illumination means (8) and, secondly, analysis means (11) for analysing the image transmitted by a lens of the above kind installed on said support.
  9. Device according to claim 8, characterised in that said analysis means include a frosted translucent screen (29) disposed perpendicularly to an optical axis of said analysis means at a point situated between said support and an optical receiver.
  10. Device according to claim 9, characterised in that said frosted translucent screen is mounted so that it can turn and is driven in rotation about an axis parallel to said optical axis and spaced therefrom.
  11. Device according to claim 9, characterised in that said optical receiver is a matrix sensor or a video camera (28).
  12. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that said detection means (104) include, on respective opposite sides of said predetermined position of said support, firstly, illumination means (108) including an optical system for generating a light beam directed toward a lens installed on said support and, secondly, means (110) for analysing the image transmitted by said lens installed on said support, in that said optical system is adapted to define two switchable optical paths (112, 113) for said light beam, and in that a mask (120) forming a Hartmann matrix or the like is placed on only one of the paths, at a location such that it occupies a predetermined position relative to an optical axis (125) of said analysis means.
  13. Device according to claim 12, characterised in that the two optical paths (112, 113) have a common portion upstream of said support.
  14. Device according to claim 12 or claim 13, characterised in that said illumination means include at least two suitable light sources (S1, S2) respectively corresponding to the two optical paths previously cited.
  15. Device according to claim 14, characterised in that, of said two light sources, a first source (S1) is a point source associated with at least one lens adapted to produce a parallel beam illuminating said mask.
  16. Device according to claim 14 or claim 15, characterised in that, of said two light sources, a second source (S2) is adapted to illuminate said lens installed on said support via a portion of said optical system excluding said mask.
  17. Device according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterised in that said second light source (S2) is associated with a semireflecting mirror (118) disposed between said mask and said support and materialising the intersection of the two optical paths previously cited.
  18. Device according to claim 16 or claim 17, characterised in that said second source (S2) is a point source associated with at least one lens adapted to produce a parallel beam directed towards said mirror (118).
  19. Device according to either of claims 17 and 18, characterised in that an expander (140, 141) is placed between said mirror and said support.
  20. Device according to any one of claims 14 to 19, characterised in that it includes at least one third light source (S31, S3n) placed at the periphery of said support (103) to illuminate a lens placed on said support with grazing incidence.
  21. Device according to any one of claims 12 to 20, characterised in that said analysis means include a frosted translucent screen (129) disposed perpendicularly to said optical axis between said support (103) and an optical receiver (128).
  22. Device according to claim 21, characterised in that said frosted translucent screen (129) is mounted so that it can turn and is driven in rotation about an axis parallel to said optical axis and spaced therefrom.
  23. Device according to claim 21, characterised in that said optical receiver (128) is a matrix sensor or a video camera.
  24. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the holding clamp means include a mobile frame (39), in that said frame has two arms (45, 46) on respective opposite sides of a plane in which said support moves, in that one of the arms carries a gripping shaft (48), and in that the other arm carries a rotation driving shaft (49), the two shafts being coaxial and provided at their facing ends with gripping shoes (50) for holding and immobilising an ophthalmic lens.
  25. Device according to claim 24, characterised in that said frame is mounted so that it can be driven in rotation about an axis (40) perpendicular to the previously cited plane of said support, the rotation of said frame moving a lens gripped between the two shafts into an activity area of the grinding means (40) and the pivoting of the frame being controlled during grinding.
  26. Device according to claim 24 or claim 25, characterised in that said clamping shaft (48) is mounted to be driven in translation along its own longitudinal axis.
  27. Device according to any one of claims 24 to 26, characterised in that said rotation drive shaft (49) is mounted so that it can be driven in rotation about its own longitudinal axis.
EP02745486A 2001-06-05 2002-06-05 Automatic or semi-automatic device for trimming an ophthalmic lens Expired - Lifetime EP1392472B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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FR0107315 2001-06-05
FR0107315A FR2825308B1 (en) 2001-06-05 2001-06-05 AUTOMATIC OR SEMI-AUTOMATIC DEVICE FOR CLIPPING AN OPHTHALMIC LENS
PCT/FR2002/001918 WO2002098606A2 (en) 2001-06-05 2002-06-05 Automatic or semi-automatic device for trimming an ophthalmic lens

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EP1392472A2 EP1392472A2 (en) 2004-03-03
EP1392472B1 true EP1392472B1 (en) 2011-02-23

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JP (1) JP4001576B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE499181T1 (en)
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DE (1) DE60239270D1 (en)
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EP1392472A2 (en) 2004-03-03
FR2825308A1 (en) 2002-12-06
WO2002098606A2 (en) 2002-12-12
FR2825308B1 (en) 2003-10-10
JP4001576B2 (en) 2007-10-31
AU2002317220A1 (en) 2002-12-16
US20040142642A1 (en) 2004-07-22
US7201631B2 (en) 2007-04-10
DE60239270D1 (en) 2011-04-07
ATE499181T1 (en) 2011-03-15
WO2002098606A3 (en) 2003-09-25

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