EP1390680B1 - Reactor with gas seal using gas conducting bodies - Google Patents

Abstract

A gas seal protects the material inlet openings and material outlet openings of reactors for treating strands of material and strips of material. The openings are sealed by gas curtains. These curtains are generated by gas streams that leave gas outlet openings or nozzles and that are directed at an angle into the interior of the furnace. According to the invention, gas guide bodies, which extend adjacent the strands of material or strips of material substantially parallel to the surfaces of these strands of material and strips of material in the direction of the interior of the reactor, are mounted at the gas outlet openings. The gases leaving the gas outlet openings are guided in the gas guide spaces that are formed between the gas guide bodies and the strands or strips of material, in a targeted manner and under a slightly raised pressure in the direction of the interior of the reactor and thereby effect a significantly improved gas seal.

Description

• er hat eine äußere Hülle, die mindestens eine Öffnung zum Einführen mindestens eines Materialstranges oder einer Materialbahn und mindestens eine Öffnung zum Herausführen mindestens eines Materialstranges oder einer Materialbahn hat;
• er hat Vorrichtungen zum Transportieren von Materialsträngen oder Materialbahnen an den Reaktor, durch den Reaktor und von dem Reaktor weg;
• er hat Vorrichtungen zum Zuführen von temperierten oder von nicht temperierten Gasen in den Reaktorraum und zum Abführen von Gasen aus dem Reaktorraum;
• er hat an den Stellen, an denen durch Öffnungen mindestens ein Materialstrang oder eine Materialbahn in den Reaktorraum eintritt und an denen mindestens ein Materialstrang oder eine Materialbahn den Reaktorraum verlässt, eine Gaszuleitungs- und -Verteilvorrichtung mit Gasauslassöffnungen, mittels der ein Gas an diesen Öffnungen für den Materialein- oder -Austritt so ausströmt, dass dort ein Gasvorhang erzeugt wird, der das Eindringen unerwünschter Substanzen in den Reaktorraum sowie das Austreten unerwünschter Substanzen aus dem Reaktorraum verhindert.

The invention relates to a reactor for treating material strands or material webs, the reactor having the following features:

• he has an outer shell, which has at least one opening for introducing at least one strand of material or a material web and at least one opening for taking out at least one strand of material or a material web;
• it has devices for transporting strands of material or webs to the reactor, through the reactor and away from the reactor;
• he has devices for supplying tempered or non-tempered gases in the reactor space and for discharging gases from the reactor space;
• he has at the points where at least one strand of material or material web enters through openings in the reactor space and where at least one strand of material or a material web leaves the reactor space, a Gaszuleitungs- and -Verteilvorrichtung with gas outlet, by means of a gas at these openings for the material inlet or outlet flows out so that there is a gas curtain is generated, which prevents the ingress of undesirable substances into the reactor space and the escape of undesirable substances from the reactor space.

To treat endless strands of material or webs, for example, at elevated temperatures in continuous operation, reactors are used by this endless material by means of transport devices, usually provided with rollers, motor-driven and speed-controlled unwinding and winding devices pulled. The strands or webs are either only once or, and this is the more common case, pulled through the reactor several times in succession. In the latter case, the material strands or sheets for reasons of process economy after the first passage through the reactor, usually by means of guide rollers, immediately passed back into the reactor and transported once again through the reactor. This happens as often as the process requires. In many cases, the reactors are not just devices in which the strands or webs for performing desired physical Transactions are exposed to certain temperatures, but it parallel to the temperature treatments from chemical reactions, to carry out frequently reactants, usually in gaseous or vapor form, introduced into the reactor and after a certain residence time, optionally together with resulting reaction products, back out of the reactor be removed. If the gas space inside the reactor contains gases or vapors that are toxic or corrosive, or for any other reason can not enter the atmosphere surrounding the reactor, all the inlets and outlets where the strands of material or Be conveyed into or out of the reactor, be sealed so that no harmful or adverse effects on people, material or the environment outside the reactor can occur.

There are several technical solutions to this problem. For example, lock boxes can be used at the material inlets and outlets, from which the gases and vapors emerging from the reactor are sucked off and then rendered harmless. However, such locks interfere with their spatial extent at the outlet or inlet openings for the material strands or webs and a further disadvantage is that for the safe removal of harmful substances large amounts of foreign or ballast gases must be sucked into the lock and then treated with and that some of the gases and vapors located in the interior of the reactor are sucked into the lock chamber and then lost for recycling and / or recycling purposes. The latter disadvantage applies to lock spaces that are operated with negative pressure. Locks working with a gas pressure take even more space than "vacuum locks", because with this solution, the pulleys for the material strands and webs must be within the lock chamber. If this were not the case and if, for example, the lock chambers had passages for the strands of material and webs, they undesirably release some of the pollutants. In addition, in the "overpressure locks" the strands of material and webs can not or only poorly visually controlled and the operator can no longer direct and / or not fast enough to carry out the regulatory, regulatory and error preventing interventions on the strands or tracks, which at the in the reactors expiring procedures are necessary. In another approach, one uses so-called gas curtains. Here, at the openings at which the material strands or sheets are transported into or out of the reactor, a harmless gas is blown through suitable apertures or nozzles into the furnace openings and onto the strands of material or webs to produce a gas stream which is in the is directed substantially into the furnace interior and prevents the noxious gases and vapors like a dynamic curtain from exiting the reactor.

As will be shown below, the so far known seals with gas curtains do not work satisfactorily.

In US 5,928,986 A For example, a furnace is described for oxidatively activating the fiber surfaces of carbon fibers or yarns in the carbonized state at temperatures of 800 to 1000 ° C with a suitable gas. At the inlet and outlet ports for the strand of material, the furnace has lock chambers that communicate with cooling and suction systems are equipped. About the suction, the leaked from the oven in the lock chambers gases are sucked and made harmless. According to another technical variant, an inert gas can be injected into the lock chambers. This should generate a gas curtain there and prevent the uncontrolled ingress of air into the furnace interior. Also this gas is extracted for the most part from the lock chambers. One has to deal here thus in each case with lock chambers whose gas content is sucked off. In the first case, the gas that emerges from the furnace and in the second case, a purge gas, which is introduced into the lock chambers, sucked together with the gases coming from the furnace. If a gas curtain is created here at all, then it lies in a lock chamber and not at the actual entrance into the effective space of the furnace.

The DE 33 12 683 A1 discloses a vertical continuous furnace for producing carbonized carbon fibers from so-called preoxidized fibers. It is worked in the temperature range of 300 to 1500 ° C. The pre-oxidized fibers required for carrying out the process are prepared in an upstream process step by treating organic fibers, which can consist of polyacrylonitrile, for example, at temperatures up to 300.degree. They are infusible. The treatment of the fibers in the carbonization furnace takes place under protective gas. For this purpose, protective gas is injected at the lower material outlet of the furnace in a manner not further explained which rises in the furnace upwards. In the vicinity of the heating zones, which are located at a greater distance from the inlet and outlet openings for the fiber web, there are nozzles through which tempered inert gas is injected so that within the heating chambers or heating zones a gas curtain is generated. Just below these nozzles suction openings are attached, through which a large part of the injected inert gas, which is now loaded with gas and vapor reaction products from the carbonation process, is dissipated. The purpose of this gas curtain is to prevent the rise of harmful, especially tarry, decomposition products within the vertical furnace into the cooler, upper furnace zones. A sealing of the furnace to the outside should not be effected.

A gas curtain, which is operated at the material inlets and outlets of the furnace and thus not directly in the reaction space and manages without lock chambers is in US 6,027,337 A been described. The furnace is used to produce carbon fibers from polyacrylonitrile fibers, preferably for the production of pre-oxidized and thus infusible fibers in the temperature range of about 150 to 300 ° C. The fibers are exposed to an air flow. The reactions that take place in addition to water vapor and carbon dioxide also release very toxic gases such as hydrogen cyanide or carbon monoxide, which under no circumstances or even in small quantities without being allowed to enter the room outside the furnace. In the technical solution used here, it is provided that at each point at which a material web is transported in or out of the furnace, an air supply and distribution device, which is equipped with outlet openings for the air, especially with wide slot nozzles, located. To generate the gas curtain, which is to seal the furnace interior against the external atmosphere, gas is blown through these nozzles at a certain angle in the direction of the furnace interior. This creates the furnace inside facing side of the openings for the fiber strands or fiber webs a predominantly directed into the interior of the furnace air flow, which acts as a gas curtain. Unfortunately, this technical solution does not fully meet the expectations set in it, because it has been shown in everyday operations that the concentration of harmful gases in the vicinity of the inlet and outlet openings for the material webs was too large.

It was therefore an object of the invention underlying this patent application to provide a gas seal for the inlet and outlet openings for material strands or webs on reactors in which material strands or webs are treated in any way, the unwanted escape of gases from the Reaction space of the reactor at the openings mentioned safely minimized to harmless values.

• er erstreckt sich in Richtung des Reaktorinnenraumes;
• er ist, in Richtung des Reaktorinnenraumes gesehen, nach den Gasauslassöffnungen der Gaszuleitungs- und -Verteilvorrichtungen angeordnet;
• er ist im Abstand zu den Oberflächen der Materialstränge oder Materialbahnen angeordnet.

The object is achieved according to the characterizing part of claim 1, characterized in that the gas supply and distribution device has at least one deflector or gas guide body, which is characterized by the following features:

• it extends in the direction of the reactor interior;
• it is, as seen in the direction of the reactor interior, arranged after the gas outlet openings of the gas supply and distribution devices;
• it is arranged at a distance to the surfaces of the material strands or material webs.

The subordinate claims represent further, advantageous embodiments of the invention. They are hereby introduced into the description of the invention.

Preferably, the material strands and material webs adjacent surface (s) of the deflector or gas guide body are / are the same geometric level as the gas outlet openings of the gas supply and - Verteilvorrichtung or at a level that differs from the geometric level of the gas outlet openings.

For the purposes of this invention, the term material strands or material webs is understood to mean any material in filament, fiber, yarn, knit or scrim form, in the form of random webs, of filaments, fibers, yarns, such as yarns bonded or linked together by a textile process. As fabric, further in the form of films or laminates or in the form of plates which can be transported through openings in a reactor to be treated in this and which can be transported out of the reactor after such a treatment, understood.
Materials of this type may for example consist of plastic, glass, ceramic, carbon, natural or synthetic fibers, rubber or composite materials of various types. For reasons of simplification, the term material webs is used below for all these materials.

A reactor in the context of this invention is understood to mean a space enclosed by walls with inlets and outlets for the material to be treated and inlets and outlets for the equipment required for the intended treatment. This reactor also has all the necessary facilities for the respective operation such. B. measuring, control and transport devices, Guidance, conveying and treatment systems for gases and vapors, heating, cooling and energy recovery systems and / or facilities for occupational safety and environmental protection. Frequently, such reactors are operated at elevated temperatures and are therefore also regarded as ovens. For the purposes of the invention, the material webs can be transported horizontally (horizontal reactor) or vertically (vertical reactor) through the reactor. Where appropriate, the transport plane for the webs may also be inclined or curved. The reactors may also be provided with means for circulating the gas content of the reactor interior.

For the purposes of this invention, a deflector or gas guide body is understood as meaning a body shaped in a specific manner, which is mounted either on or immediately adjacent to a gas supply and distribution device of the reactor. For reasons of simplification, the term gas guide body will be used below for the terms deflector and gas guide body only.

The gas supply and distribution device distributes the gas, which is required for generating the gas curtain, evenly over the entire width of the inlet and outlet openings for the material webs. It is further equipped over the entire width of the inlet and the outlet openings for the material webs with one or more openings, which preferably have a nozzle shape. These nozzles can be of any suitable shape. They are spatially directed to achieve and maintain a given directional gas flow. Your gas channels and / or gas outlet openings can not be square such as round or elliptical or eg orthogonal square such as square or rectangular or even more than square. The gas outlet openings may be flat or bevelled or have a special profile. According to an advantageous embodiment, the nozzles have a slot shape and extend over the entire width of the inlet or outlet openings. The gas outlet channel of the nozzles can be straight or curved, depending on whether the gas flow is to be additionally given a certain direction or a certain twist or not. Through these gas outlet openings, the gas with which the gas curtain is to be generated, injected at a certain angle and at a certain speed in the oven. More detailed information can be eg the U.S. Patent No. 6,027,337 , which is hereby incorporated into the description. In the present invention, this angle, which forms the directed inside the reactor gas flow depending on the position of the gas outlet openings or nozzles either with the surface of the material web or with the surface of the directly adjacent gas guide body, preferably in the range of 30 to 60 ° and especially preferably, in the range of 40 to 50 °. Advantageously, the gas stream exits at an initial rate which is in the range of 50 to 140 m / s. The gas guide body extending at a distance to the material webs over a certain length in the furnace interior. They are mounted so that they together with their respective next material webs or, in at least partially gas-permeable material webs, with the Gasleitkörpern located on the other side of the respective webs on the same input or The outlet opening for the material webs are located at a distance, form a channel or Gasleitraum. The gas stream which is to produce the gas curtain, now unlike in the prior art, no longer flows unguided into the large reactor interior where it lost in vortices, which brought a return transport of a part of the noxious gases to the reactor openings. It is now caught in the gas guide spaces located between the gas guide bodies and directed in a directed stream into the furnace. In the furnace inside zones directly next to the material inlets and outlets, the gas pressure is slightly higher than in the furnace interior. The height of the Gasleiträume is kept low, unless otherwise precluded. All this has the consequence that harmful gases in the oven would have to "diffuse" against the directed flow in the Gasleiträumen to get to the outside. This is technically not possible if the gas velocity in the Gasleiträumen evenly distributed over the cross-section and greater than the diffusion rate of the gas molecules expelled to the outside. These conditions are ensured by the solution according to the invention.

The gas supply and distribution devices extend over the entire width of the inlet and outlet openings for the material webs and are arranged parallel to their flat sides such that the gas outlet openings located thereon have at least one material outlet or inlet opening on at least one side with "curtain gas". can provide. If the reactor has more than one opening for the material inlet or outlet, is preferably any gas supply and distribution device is equipped with two mutually adjacent, parallel rows of gas outlet openings or with two adjacent, parallel slit nozzles extending over the entire width of the material inlet and outlet openings. The one row of gas outlet openings or a slot nozzle supplied at a first material inlet or outlet opening located between the Gasleitkörper and the material web gas conduction with gas and the adjacent row of gas outlet openings or the corresponding other slot nozzle supplied at the right next to this first Materialein- or -ausittöffnung located second material inlet or -austrittöffnung located there between the Gasleitkörper and the web of gas with gas. Thus supplies a Gaszuleitungs- and -Verteilvorrichtung each two adjacent material inlet and outlet openings each half with gas. This is only true for those material inlet and outlet openings, which are the first or last on their flat side adjacent to the reactor housing. The gas guide bodies have the width of the material inlet or outlet openings and are attached either to the gas supply and distribution devices or directly adjacent thereto. They protrude over a certain distance into the interior of the reactor and, according to a particularly preferred embodiment, maintain the same distance from the material web. Their distance from the material web can also be different on the two flat sides of the material web. Normally, the minimum distance of the surfaces of the gas guide from the respective adjacent surface of the web is 5 mm. In special cases, it may also be lower. Preferably, this distance is in the range between 15 and 40 mm. The Length of the gas guide, ie their extension from the gas outlet openings or nozzles in the direction of the interior of the reactor can vary within limits. These limits are defined by the ratio of this length of the gas guide body to the distance that the surfaces of the gas guide body have to the directly adjacent surfaces of the material webs. It is at most 10 to 1 and is preferably within the ratio ranges of 4 to 1 to 6 to 1. According to one embodiment of the invention, the gas guide bodies have a flat surface. In another embodiment, its surface is bent. If its surface is bent in the transverse direction, ie in the direction of the width of the material inlet or outlet opening or the width of the material web, the bend can also be convex or concave. Such a bend is used when the transport or deflection rollers for the material webs, eg for procedural reasons, have a cluster or their diameter is increasingly constricted from outside to inside. Furthermore, it is possible that the surface of the gas guide body, again in relation to the transverse direction, ie the direction of the width of the material inlet or outlet opening or the width of the material web, is convex on one side of the material webs and concave on the other side thereof. This is advantageous if the material webs have a certain sag along their width and the distance between the surfaces of the gas guide body and the material webs is to be kept constant. The surfaces of the gas guide body can also be bent in the longitudinal direction, ie, starting from the material inlet or outlet openings in the direction of the interior of the reactor. Again, the two surfaces of the gas guide, which are facing one and the same material web, complementary be formed, ie they follow the bending or slack of the web, ie the upper surface is convex, the lower concave. It may also be the case that the two surfaces of the two gas guide bodies, which are adjacent to one and the same material web, are bent in such a way that the gas guide space enclosed by them widens toward the interior of the reactor. Such a biconvex or also a wedge-shaped form of the gas guide body is generally used to generate certain velocity profiles in this gas guide space. Of course, combinations of the described surface shapes of the gas guide are possible. However, they are only used if this makes sense in terms of process engineering and justifies the effort required for this. It is generally advantageous to keep the edges or / and corners of the gas guide bodies facing the interior of the reactor free from roughness or burrs or to round off or bend them a little. This is done to prevent abrasion of or damage to the webs of material should they contact the gas guide body. In general, the surfaces of the gas guide are smooth to prevent abrasion of the webs or their injury or to minimize deposition or build up of contaminants and to allow easy cleaning. Advantageously, the surfaces may have an anti-adhesive coating or are suitably protected against corrosion. According to a preferred embodiment, there is a gas guide body on each side of each material web, so that each material web runs at each material inlet and outlet opening in a gas channel which is delimited by the surfaces of two gas guide bodies. Where necessary or advantageous is deviated from this solution and only a gas guide on one side of the web can be used.
Shape and embodiment of the Gasleitkörper depend on the structural and procedural conditions of the reactor. The gas guide bodies may have a closed shape, ie include a cavity which has little or no connection to the interior of the reactor or they may consist of baffles or fins, between which there is a space which is in free communication with the reactor interior. Closed systems are preferred if substances can form in the interior of the reactor that would undesirably deposit in flow-calmed zones of the interior.
A gas guide body may be positioned differently with respect to the exit openings for the gas intended to generate the gas curtain. On the one hand, it can be located at the same level or the same geometric level as these outlet openings and extend at a distance from the adjacent material web in the direction of the interior of the reactor. In this case, the gas stream is first conducted onto the material web, where it is at least partially reflected and then fed to the interior of the reactor in the gas duct. Secondly, it can be arranged so that the outlet openings for the gas which is to form the gas curtain rise above the surface of the gas guide body, ie that these openings at the reactor inlet project to a certain extent into the space between the gas guide body and the material web , The gas stream emerging from the openings can either be directed onto the material web in this arrangement, then at least partially reflected and then fed to the interior of the reactor in Gasleitraum or the nozzles, which end in the gas outlet openings, be bent so that the gas stream first meets the surface of the gas guide, is reflected by these, then with lower flow pressure the material web is diverted and then flows into the Gasleitraum the reactor interior. After a third possibility, the gas guide space with limiting surface of the gas guide body rises above the gas outlet openings. In this case, the gas outlet openings are positioned slightly in front of the gas guide bodies and the gas flow is first blown onto the material web, at least partially reflected by the material web, then strikes the surface of the gas guide body at reduced speed and then flows through the gas guide space into the interior of the reactor. This solution can be used especially if the distance between the material web and the gas guide body is to be kept particularly small. Shape, embodiment and positioning of the gas guide body depend on the constructive and procedural conditions of the reactor. They are selected by the expert according to the circumstances.

The gas guide bodies may be made of any material suitable for the process conditions for which they are intended. Because of the lower cost and easier processability, they often consist of a metal or a metal alloy such as iron, steel, stainless steel, copper, brass, bronze, aluminum or an aluminum alloy. Wherever circumstances require, they may be made of other metals than those mentioned Metal alloys, made of a ceramic material such as porcelain, stoneware, silicon carbide, carbon, graphite or glass. Also composites such as fiber-reinforced plastics or fiber-reinforced carbon or laminated layers of materials or natural or plastic materials from the group of thermoplastics and thermosets such as fluoropolymers, fluoro-chloro polymers, polyamides, polyimides, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, phenolic or epoxy resins can be used if conditions require or permit it. The surfaces of the gas guide body or these themselves can also consist of textile-linked fibers, threads, yarns or wires. Most often you will use the different types of tissue here. But felts and wirrlagen can be used for special cases. Such textile composites can be made of all materials which are suitable for this purpose, such as plastic fibers, natural or synthetic fiber materials, mineral, glass, silica, silicon carbide, alumina, carbon, graphite fibers or eg steel, stainless steel -, copper, brass or bronze wires.

The temperature of the gas, which is blown into the reactor for generating and maintaining the gas seal via the gas supply and distribution devices and the gas openings or the nozzles, depends on the circumstances of the process sequence in the reactor. If the procedure does not require any special precautions, the gas will have ambient temperature. If the blowing in of a gas that is too cool interfered or if a gas of elevated temperature was necessary or advantageous if the gas were preheated. This is the case, for example, when there is an elevated temperature in the reactor. A cold gas would in fact heat up as it enters the hot reactor space and thereby expand and thereby build up an undesirable back pressure in the vicinity of the gas seal. A previously cooled gas is injected advantageously when cooling at the material inlets and outlets of the reactor or in the reactor is necessary. If necessary, but then due to the danger of the formation of a larger back pressure just described a correspondingly higher gas pressure must be established in Gasleitraum. According to a further advantageous variant of the invention, the gas closure is accomplished with a gas which has been removed at least partly from the interior of the reactor. In this case, provided that corresponding insulated lines, the energy content of this gas can be used appropriately. However, such a gas must not contain any components that are not allowed to enter the atmosphere outside the reactor. This is the case, for example, if only a temperature treatment of a product under protective gas is carried out in the reactor or if the gas has been purified from the pollutants during or after leaving the reactor. Such cleaning is often done by thermal means by burning in a Nachverbrennungsvorrichtung. The heat energy released in this case can be used according to a further, likewise advantageous variant of the invention to heat gas in known heat transfer devices, which is then used for the operation of the gas seal. The same can be achieved even without afterburner if gas with enough high heat content is passed from the reactor through a heat exchanger and there at least partially heated the gas that is needed for the operation of the gas seal.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the gas guide body not only serve to maintain a secure gas seal at the material inlet and outlet openings of the reactor. They may also be configured as heaters or as heatsinks to either heat or cool the gas needed for gas termination which is blown into the reactor. If this tempering of the gas can be used for the events inside the reactor, it makes sense to also introduce more gas in this way in the oven, as would be minimally required for the maintenance of the gas seal. An example of this is the keeping constant of a specific temperature profile also in the vicinity of the reactor ends. For such applications, it may also be necessary to change the ratio of the length of the gas guide body to its distance from the surface of the adjacent material web more than that specified for the above-mentioned preferred embodiments of the invention in the direction of greater lengths of the gas guide body.

Fig.1,

einen senkrechten Schnitt entlang der Längsachse eines Reaktors oder Ofens zum Behandeln von Materialbahnen, in dem die Materialbahnen den Reaktor horizontal durchlaufen;

Fig.2,

eine Draufsicht auf die hintere Stirnseite eines Reaktors vom Typ des in Fig. 1 dargestellten Reaktors;

Fig.3,

einen Schnitt durch einen Vertikalreaktor senkrecht zur Breitenerstreckung der Materialbahnen und zur Breitenerstreckung der Transport- und Umlenkwalzen;

Fig.4,

den Ausschnitt eines Querschnitts durch einen Bereich nahe der Öffnungen eines Reaktors zum kontinuierlichen Behandeln von Materialbahnen senkrecht zur Quererstreckung der Materialbahnen und der Umlenk- und Transportwalzen nach dem Stand der Technik;

Fig.5,

einen hypothetischen Ausschnitt eines Querschnitts durch einen Bereich nahe der Öffnungen eines Reaktors zum kontinuierlichen Behandeln von Materialbahnen senkrecht zur Quererstreckung der Materialbahnen und der Umlenk- und Transportwalzen. Sie zeigt einige vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung;

Fig.6,

eine Draufsicht auf eine Frontseite eines Reaktors, bei dem die Materialbahnen konvex gebogen sind;

Fig.7,

eine Draufsicht auf eine Frontseite eines Reaktors, bei dem die Materialbahn konkav gebogen ist;

Fig.8,

einen Ausschnitt aus einem senkrecht zur Quererstreckung der Transport- und Umlenkwalzen für die Materialbahnen und zur Quererstreckung der Materialbahnen geführten Schnitt mit durchhängenden Materialbahnen;

Fig.9,

einen Ausschnitt aus einem senkrecht zur Quererstreckung der Transport- und Umlenkwalzen für die Materialbahnen und zur Quererstreckung der Materialbahnen geführten Schnitt mit der Veranschaulichung des Auftreffwinkels des Gasstromes.

In the following the invention with reference to exemplary, schematic drawings and figures will be further explained.
Show it:

Figure 1,

a vertical section along the longitudinal axis of a reactor or furnace for treating Webs of material in which the webs pass horizontally through the reactor;

Figure 2,

a plan view of the rear end side of a reactor of the type of the reactor shown in Figure 1;

Figure 3,

a section through a vertical reactor perpendicular to the width of the material webs and the width of the transport and deflection rollers;

Figure 4,

the section of a cross section through an area near the openings of a reactor for the continuous treatment of webs perpendicular to the transverse extent of the webs and the deflection and transport rollers of the prior art;

Figure 5,

a hypothetical section of a cross-section through an area near the openings of a reactor for the continuous treatment of material webs perpendicular to the transverse extent of the material webs and the deflection and transport rollers. It shows some advantageous embodiments of the invention;

Figure 6,

a plan view of a front side of a reactor in which the material webs are bent convexly;

Figure 7,

a plan view of a front side of a reactor in which the material web is bent concavely;

Figure 8,

a section of a perpendicular to the transverse extent of the transport and deflection rollers for the material webs and the transverse extent of the webs guided section with sagging material webs;

Figure 9,

a section of a perpendicular to the transverse extent of the transport and guide rollers for the material webs and the transverse extent of the material webs guided section with the illustration of the impact angle of the gas stream.

The reactor (1) in Fig. 1 is surrounded by a housing (2) which stands on a foundation (3). By the gas supply line (4) and a heating coil (5), the reactor interior (15) is acted upon with heated gas. Used and optionally charged with reaction products gas exits through the gas outlet (6) from the reactor (1) and can be supplied to a material or / and thermal recycling, not shown, or also not reproduced gas cleaning. A material web (7) is transported from an unwinding device, not shown, via the roller (8 ') lying in front of the reactor space through an opening (10) sealed to a gas curtain (9) into the reactor (1). The material web (7) passes through the reactor (1) and leaves the reactor (1) for the first time at the opening (10 *) which is likewise sealed by a gas curtain 9 *. It (7) is then deflected by means of the roller (8), which is likewise located outside the reactor (1), and re-enters the reactor through the opening (10 '), which in turn is sealed by a gas curtain (9'). In this way, the web (7) passes through the reactor (1) a total of eight times, being repeatedly deflected by rollers (8; 8 *) and then through openings (10 ') in the reactor (1) and through Openings (10 *) emerges from the reactor (1). All openings (10; 10 '; 10 "; 10 *; 10 **) are sealed by gas curtains (9; 9';9"; 9 *; 9 **). After completion of the reaction, the material web (7) occurs at the The gas curtain (9 **) sealed opening (10 **) from the reactor (1) for the last time and runs over the roller (8 ") to a winding device, not shown., Such a reactor, for example, an oven for infusibilizing material webs be made of polyacrylonitrile in an air atmosphere, which is operated in the temperature range of about 180 to 320 ° C. It can also be used, for example, at higher temperatures for carbonizing infusible fibers, which may be present in the form of fiber, fabric or felt webs In the openings of the reactor (1) for the material inlet (10, 10 ', 10 ") and exit (10 *, 10 **) are the inventive gas guide body ( 11, 11 ') or deflectors (11, 11'). Each of these openings (10; 10 '; 10 "; 10 *; 10 **) is equipped with a pair of such gas guide bodies (11) or (11; 11') so that the material webs (7) always gas from two sides In such special cases, not shown here, for example, where the material web on one side at a material inlet or outlet opening over a longer zone dragging, optionally rests on a liquid film, can Then, a gas guide body is arranged only on one side of the material web.The gas required to maintain the gas curtains (9, 9 ', 9 ", 9 *, 9 **) is supplied via gas supply lines. and distribution devices (12), which are formed as pipes, to the Materialein- (10; 10 '; 10 ") and -austrittsöffnungen (10 *; 10 **) passed, there evenly distributed over the width and tr tr itt then at these (10, 10 ', 10 ", 10 *, 10 **) via spatially directed nozzles (13) and is at a certain angle (see also Fig.9) blown against the webs of material (7) (7) it is at least partially reflected and it then flows under a relative to the reactor interior (15) increased gas pressure in the Gasleiträumen (14) of either the Gasleitkörpern (11) and the material webs (7) or in very gas-permeable webs ( 7) formed by two opposing gas guide surfaces of adjacent gas guide bodies (11) into the reactor interior (15) .The gas guide bodies (11 ') at the top and bottom material inlet (10; 10 ") and outlet openings (10 *; 10 ** ), ie the gas guide bodies, which have no material web on their side facing the reactor wall, have gas outlet openings (13) or nozzles (13) only on the side facing the material webs (7), since only there a gas curtain (9; 9 *, 9 **) must be generated.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the rear end face of a reactor (1) of the type described under Fig. 1 again. He (1) has a reactor housing (2), a reactor foundation (3), a gas supply line (4) for the process gas, a heater (5) for the process gas and a gas outlet (6) for the process gas. Further, right and left of the furnace body, the roller shafts (16) and the columns (17, 17 ') can be seen, in which the bearings, the gear and the drive for the rollers (8, 8 *) are located. The material webs (7) are conveyed in and out of the reactor at the inlet (10 '; 10 ") and the outlet openings (10 *) via the rollers (8; 8 *) The gas for producing the gas curtain, which is not visible here ((9) in Fig. 1) via the Gaszuleitungs- and distributing devices (12) in the gas outlet openings (13), here as slot nozzles, which extend over the entire width of the material inlet and outlet openings (10 ', 10 ", 10 *) are pressed. There it exits spatially directed and forms in the Gasleiträumen (14) the improved gas curtain.

The reactor (1 ') shown in Fig. 3 is similar in structure to the reactor (1) in Fig. 1. The main difference with the latter (1) is that this reactor (1') is a vertical reactor in which the Material webs, which is not shown, transported in a single pass through the reactor (1 ') from bottom to top and treated or, as shown in Fig. 3, several times from bottom to top and from top to bottom through the reactor be guided and treated before they leave the reactor (1 ') again. It is up to the skilled person whether he introduces the material webs at the bottom of the reactor (1 ') and, as shown in FIG. 3, leads out again at the bottom whether he or she, which is not shown, enters the top of the reactor (1'). and again on this page leads out or whether he, and what is also not shown, down out and top or vice versa accomplished. The reactor (1 ') has, in addition to the reactor (1) of Fig. 1 in addition a thermal insulation (18) and it is mounted and erected in a frame or frame (19). The other features are similar to those of the reactor (1) in Fig. 1. For the description, reference is made to the comments on Figure 1, which are mutatis mutandis adapt and interpret.

In Fig. 4 are partial sections of the reactor foundation (3), a part of the reactor housing (2) in the form of a front side, the web (7) and the transport and guide rollers (8) for the material web (7) to see. The material web (7) is fed into the reactor through the openings (10 ') and out of the reactor through the openings (10 *). For producing and maintaining the gas curtains (9 ', 9 *), the gas supply and distribution devices (12) are provided with the nozzles (13) through which the gas for the gas curtains (9', 9 *) exits. The gas guide body or deflectors according to the invention are missing here. It can easily be seen that the gas emerging from the nozzles (13) is not guided in a gas guide space, can not build up an increased pressure in it and thus can not form an effective gas barrier. On the other hand, it is randomly distributed very rapidly in the large reactor interior (15), accompanied by vortices, without the gas curtain produced in this way offering a truly effective sealing effect against the escape of parts of the reactor atmosphere.

The illustration in FIG. 5 is similar to that of FIG. The essential difference from Fig. 4 is that here the inventive gas guide bodies (11; 11a; 11b; 11c) are present, with the aid of which (11; 11a; 11b; 11c) together with the material webs (7) defined gas guide spaces (14 One recognizes again part of the reactor wall (2) in the form of an end face, the reactor foundation (3), the transporting and deflecting rolls (8th, 14 "), which largely prevent unwanted escape of gases from the inside of the reactor ), the material web (7) and the sections (7a; 7b; 7c; 7d; 7e) of the material web (7), the reactor openings (10 '; 10 *) and the gas supply and Distribution devices (12) via which the gas outlet openings or nozzles (13; 13a; 13b) are supplied with "curtain gas". Only for the sake of illustration, various design options for gas guide, for Gasleiträume and nozzle positions have been reproduced in a figure here. This does not mean that this application teaches to actually have to realize such a variety of possibilities on a reactor. The gas guide bodies (11, 11 *) are closed on all sides and their surfaces facing the material web (7) and the section (7c) of the material web are flat and arranged such that gas guide spaces (14, 14 ') result, in which between the gas guide bodies (11) and the material webs (7, 7c) over the entire length and width of the gas guide body give constant distances. The gas guide space (14 ') is larger than the gas guide space (14). The gas guide bodies (11a) are constructed as plates sandwiching therebetween a space which is too open to the interior of the reactor. Again, the the material web pieces (7e and 7d) facing surfaces are flat and arranged so that Gasleiträume (14) arise in which between the Gasleitkörpern (11) and the material web pieces (7e and 7d) over the entire length and width of the gas guide result in constant and equal distances. Another embodiment is shown on the web piece (7a). This (7a) is flanked on both sides by two gas guide bodies (11b, 11c) whose surfaces curve convexly in the direction of the interior of the reactor, so that increasingly open gas guide spaces of the same geometry (14 ") are present in the interior of the reactor It forms a curved plate together with the adjacent gas guide body (11a) Room that is too open to the interior of the reactor, but which is not a gas duct. On the other hand, the gas guide body 11c has the same convexly curved surfaces on its two flat sides and encloses a closed space. The piece of material web (7b) is flanked on both sides by two differently shaped gas guide bodies (11c; 11). On one side of the material web piece (7b), the gas guide body (11c) generates a gas guide space (14 ") which increasingly opens towards the interior of the reactor, while the gas guide body (11) on the other side with the material web piece (7b) has a gas space (14) of constant Another example of unequal gas guide spaces is shown on the piece of material web (7c), but the gas guide bodies (11, 11 *) flanking the material web piece (7c) have the same shape each of them has a different but constant width and length extension to the material web piece (7c) Gas closures with different gas guide spaces on a material web (7) are generally limited to special cases All gas guide bodies (11; 11 *; 11a; 11b 11c) are preferably free of sharp edges and burrs at their reactor-inner end, and these ends are somewhat of the material web (7) bent away.
Various shapes and arrangements of gas outlet nozzles (13, 13a, 13b) are also shown in FIG. Either the nozzles (13) protrude slightly above the surface of the gas guide body (11) as seen in the piece of web (7c) or they (13a) protrude beyond the surface of the gas guide body (11a) and are additional bent so that the gas flow leaving it first meets the surface of the gas guide body (11a), is reflected there and then achieved only with a lower gas pressure and thus much gentler the surface of the material web (7d). If, for example, as shown on web (7b), a very small distance between the Gasleitkörpern (11c, 11) is to be observed prevented protruding nozzles. In this case, the nozzles (13b) are sunk in the gas supply and distribution devices (12). Preferably, the nozzles (13; 13a; 13b) are slit nozzles which extend over the entire width of the material inlet and outlet openings. But it can also be applied to other nozzle shapes.

In some cases, the webs are deflected, for example because they are transported and deflected by rollers having either a convex or a concave surface. FIG. 6 shows an example of material webs with convexly curved surfaces. The reactor is indicated by the sides of the reactor housing (2). Furthermore, two transport and deflection rollers (8) with their stub shafts (16) can be seen. The material web (7) is bent at least in the region of the reactor openings (10) like the rolls (8) and as a result the plant parts which must generate and maintain the gas curtain must also be adapted to this curvature. Accordingly, the gas supply and distribution devices (12), the nozzles (13) and also the non-visible surfaces which delimit the Gasleiträume (14) behind the material inlet and outlet openings (10) formed curved so that the Requirements for the operability of the gas seal according to the invention are met.

FIG. 7 shows an image corresponding to FIG. 6 for the case in which the material webs (7) are bent concavely. For the description, reference is made to the text of Fig. 6. In its interpretation, it is only necessary to change from convex to concave.

Material webs often can not be performed so tight that they do not sag between their support zones, such as the transport and guide rollers (8). However, this leads to uneven distances between the material webs and the gas guide bodies, resulting in unequal gas conduction spaces on both sides of the material webs. This can reduce the effectiveness of the gas closures. To counteract this, what is not shown, the surfaces of the gas guide (11) according to the sag-dependent curvature of the webs (7) provided with a bend or / and they (11), as can be seen from Figure 8, accordingly mounted inclined so that again on both sides of the material webs (7), the desired, usually constant distances are made.

9 shows a section which shows the angle (20, 20 '), below which the gas flow, coming from the gas outlet openings (13) or nozzles (13, 13a) onto the material web (7) or, in the case of bent nozzles (13a). , which meets surfaces of adjacent gas guide bodies (11a), is illustrated. In addition, the material web (7) and the gas supply and distribution devices (12) can be seen. The gas flow (21) hits after emerging from the straight Nozzles (13) at an angle (20) of 40 ° to the material web (7) and after emerging from the bent nozzles (13a) at an angle (20 ') of 45 ° to the surfaces of the gas guide body (11a).

Figures 1 to 9 represent only a part of the possible embodiments of the invention according to the basic idea of the invention. However, it is also intended that all other modifications of the invention which are obvious to a person skilled in the art and which can not be represented graphically here, be regarded as part of this application.

• Die Materialbahnen wurden horizontal durch den Reaktor geführt und bei beiden Messreihen einer steigenden Temperatur von 180 bis 265°C ausgesetzt. Oxidationsmittel war Luft. Bei der im Reaktor ablaufenden Reaktion wurde unter anderem auch gasförmiger Cyanwasserstoff (HCN), ein hoch toxisches Gas, freigesetzt. Die Wirksamkeit der Gasabschlüsse an den Materialeintritts- und -Ausgangsöffnungen wurde durch Messung der HCN-Konzentration in der Mitte der obersten Materialeintrittsöffnung im Abstand von 10 cm vom Eintrittsspalt gemessen. Dieser Messort wurde gewählt, weil sich dort eine besonders große Konzentration an HCN einstellen müsste, weil sich an der Ofenfrontseite eine nach oben gerichtete Konvektionsbewegung ausbildet, die die gegebenenfalls aus den Materialein- und -Austrittsöffnungen entweichenden Gase und auch die Schadgase, mitführt. Die Materialbahnen wurden mittels außerhalb des geheizten Reaktorinnenraumes liegender Transport- und Umlenkwalzen insgesamt 23 mal horizontal durch den Reaktor transportiert. Der Reaktor hatte demnach insgesamt, d.h. die Materialein- und -Austrittsöffnungen an der Front- und an der Rückseite des Reaktors zusammengenommen, 46 derartige Öffnungen, von denen jede durch einen Gasvorhang abgedichtet wurde. Als Mittel zum Erzeugen des Gasvorhangs an den Materialein- und -Austrittsöffnungen diente ebenfalls Luft, die Raumtemperatur hatte. Das "Vorhanggas" trat mit einer Anfangsgeschwindigkeit von 105 m/s aus den Düsen, die als Schlitzdüsen ausgebildet waren, aus und strömte direkt gegen die Materialbahnen. Dabei schloss der aus den Düsen kommende, flächige Gasstrahl mit den Materialbahnen einen Winkel von 45° ein.

In einem ersten Betriebsversuch wurden die Materialein- und -Austrittsöffnungen des Reaktors mit Gasvorhängen nach dem Stand der Technik abgedichtet. Dabei wurde eine mittlere HCN-Konzentration von 15 ppm gemessen (Mittelwert aus 15 Messungen).In the following, the improved efficiency of the gas closure according to the invention is shown by two series of measurements on a reactor for continuously oxidizing, ie, infusibilizing, polyacrylonitrile fiber webs:

• The webs were passed horizontally through the reactor and exposed to an increasing temperature of 180 to 265 ° C in both series of measurements. Oxidant was air. Gaseous hydrogen cyanide (HCN), a highly toxic gas, was released during the reaction taking place in the reactor. The effectiveness of the gas seals at the material inlet and outlet ports was measured by measuring the HCN concentration in the middle of the top material inlet at a distance of 10 cm from the entrance slit. This measuring location was chosen because there would have to be a particularly large concentration of HCN, because an upward convection movement forms on the front side of the furnace, which may be from the material inlet and outlet openings escaping gases and also the noxious gases, carries. The material webs were transported through the reactor by a total of 23 times horizontally by means of transport and deflection rollers lying outside the heated interior of the reactor. Thus, the reactor as a whole, ie the material inlets and outlets at the front and at the back of the reactor taken together, had 46 such openings, each of which was sealed by a gas curtain. As a means for generating the gas curtain at the material inlet and outlet openings also served air, which had room temperature. The "curtain gas" emerged from the nozzles, which were formed as slit nozzles, at an initial speed of 105 m / s and flowed directly against the material webs. The plane gas jet coming from the nozzles formed an angle of 45 ° with the material webs.

In a first operational trial, the material inlet and outlet openings of the reactor were sealed with prior art gas curtains. An average HCN concentration of 15 ppm was measured (mean of 15 measurements).

Since the HCN values determined in the first test were much too high for reasons of occupational safety and environmental protection, all gas outlets of the reactor according to the invention were converted. Closed gas guide bodies were installed, as shown in FIG. 5 under the reference numeral 11. The length of the gas guide body was 120 mm, the distance of their surfaces to the material webs 25 mm. Then a second trial was carried out. All operating conditions were set as in the first attempt. The only difference to the first attempt was in the presence of the gas guide on the gas curtains. An HCN concentration of 2 ppm was measured at the same measuring site under the same measuring conditions, whereby this measured value was averaged out of a total of 16 individual measurements.

By comparing the measurement results of the first (15 ppm HCN) with those of the second operating trial (2 ppm HCN), it can be seen that the solution according to the invention achieves a very substantial improvement in the effect of gas closures of the type described. The concentration of gases exiting the reactor interior into the surrounding atmosphere at these shutters equipped with gas curtains could be reduced by a whole power of ten.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1.

Reactor, furnace, horizontal web transport

1'.

Reactor, furnace, vertical web transport

Second

reactor housing

Third

reactor foundation

4th

Gas supply line for process gas

5th

Heater for process gas

6th

Gas outlet for process gas

7th

Material webs; 7a to 7e parts of material webs in Fig. 5 (for determining position in Figure 5)

8th.

Rolls or rollers for material webs (7)

8th'.

Roller at the first entrance of the material web (7)

8th".

Roller at the last exit of the material web (7)

8th*.

Roller at the last re-entry of the material web (7) into the reactor (1, 1 ')

9th

Gas curtains at openings (10) + gas curtain at the first entrance of the material web (7) into the reactor (1, 1 ')

9 '.

Gas curtains at entrance openings (10 ') for material webs (7)

9 ".

Gas curtain at the last inlet opening (10 ") for material web (7) into the reactor (1, 1 ')

9 *.

Gas curtains on material outlet openings (10 *)

9 **.

Gas curtain at the last outlet opening (10 **) for material webs (7) from the reactor (1, 1 ')

10th

Openings for entry or exit of material webs (7) + first entrance opening for material web (7)

10 '.

Openings for the entry of material webs (7)

10 ".

Last opening for the entry of the material web (7) into the reactor (1, 1 ')

10 *.

Openings for the exit of the material webs + opening for the first exit of the material web from the reactor (1, 1 ')

10 **.

Last opening for the exit of the material web (7) from the reactor (1, 1 ')

11th

Gas guide or deflectors + in Figure 5, closed form, even surfaces

11 *

Gas guide body in Fig. 5; closed form, flat surfaces but with smaller spacing of the gas-conducting surfaces than at (11)

11 '.

Gas guide body at the wall positions of the reactor (1, 1 ')

11a.

Gas guide, Fig.5, plate-shaped, even

11b.

Gas guide body, Fig.5, plate-shaped, convex

11c.

Gas guide body, Fig.5, closed form, convex

12th

Gas supply and distribution devices

13th

Gas outlet openings, nozzles + in Figure 5, on gas guide body (11) protruding nozzles

13a.

Gas outlet openings, Fig.5, bent shape

13b.

Gas outlet openings, Fig.5, internal, non-protruding version

14th

Gasleiträume

14 '.

Gas duct, Fig.5, high altitude

14 ".

Gas duct, Fig.5, increasing height

15th

Reactor interior

16th

roller shafts

17th

Hollow columns in which the bearing racks, gearbox and the drive of the rollers (8) are located

18th

Thermal insulation

19th

Frame or support frame for reactor (1 ')

20th

Angle under which the gas stream impinges on the material web (7)

20 '.

Angle under which the gas stream impinges on the surfaces of the gas guide body (11a).

21st

Gas stream, which has leaked from the nozzles (13; 13a).

Claims (34)

1. A reactor (1) for processing string-like materials (7) or material webs (7), wherein the reactor (1) has the following features:

   - it has an outer shell (2) comprising at least one opening (10; 10') for introducing at least one string-like material (7) or a material web (7) and at least one opening (10; 10') for passing out at least one string-like material (7) or material web (7);

   - it has a means (8) for transporting string-like materials (7) or material webs (7) to the reactor (1), through the reactor (1) and away from the reactor (1);

   - it has a means (4) for introducing tempered or non-tempered gases into the reactor chamber (6) and for extracting gases from the reactor chamber (15);

   - in places where at least one string-like material (7) or one material web (7) enters the reactor chamber (15) through openings (10) and where at least one string-like material (7) or one material web (7) leaves the reactor chamber (15), it has a gas inlet and manifold means (12) with gas outlet openings (13) by means of which a gas flows out of these openings (13) for the material entry (10'; 10") or exit (10*; 10**) in such a way that a gas curtain (9) is created there to keep undesired substances from entering the reactor chamber (15) and to keep undesired substances from leaving the reactor chamber (15),

   characterised in that
   the gas inlet and manifold means (12) comprises at least one deflector (11) or gas guiding body (11) which has the following features:

   - it extends in the direction toward the reactor interior (15);

   - as seen in the direction toward the reactor interior (15), it is arranged behind the gas outlet openings (13) of the gas inlet and manifold means (12);

   - it is arranged at a distance to the surface of the string-like materials (7) or material webs (7).
2. The reactor according to claim 1, characterised in that it has means (5) for heating the reactor interior (15) or of portions thereof and/or for heating string-like materials (7) or material webs (7) or portions thereof or for cooling the reactor interior (15) or portions thereof and/or string-like materials (7) or material webs (7) or portions thereof.
3. The reactor according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the surface(s) of the deflector of the gas guiding body (11) adjacent to the string-like materials (7) or material webs (7) is/are disposed on the same geometric level as the gas outlet openings (13) of the gas inlet and manifold means (12) or on a level differing from the geometric level of the gas outlet openings.
4. The reactor according to claim 1, characterised in that it is a horizontally operated reactor (1).
5. The reactor according to claim 1, characterised in that it is a vertically operated reactor (1).
6. The reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that it has means for circulating the gas contents of the reactor interior (15).
7. The reactor according to any one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that it is a furnace.
8. The reactor according to any one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that each of the deflectors (11) or gas guiding bodies (11) is arranged in parallel to the gas inlet and manifold means (12) in such a way that it keeps the same distance to the string-like material (7) or the material web (7) over its entire surface.
9. The reactor according to any one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the deflectors (11) or gas guiding bodies (11) are selected from a material in the group comprising metal, metal alloy, ceramic, glass, composite material, plastic material.
10. The reactor according to any one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the deflectors (11) or gas guiding bodies (11) are of a textile composite made of fibres, threads, yarns or wires.
11. The reactor according to claim 10, characterised in that the deflectors (11) or gas guiding bodies (11) are of a textile of fibres, threads or wires from the group comprising steel, stainless steel, copper, brass, bronze, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, aluminium oxide, glass, mineral fibres.
12. The reactor according to any one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the deflectors (11) or gas guiding bodies (11) are arranged either only on one flat side or on both flat sides of each string-like material (7) or each material web (7).
13. The reactor according to any one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the deflectors (11) or gas guiding bodies (11) are on both flat sides of each string-like material (7) or each material web (7).
14. The reactor according to any one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the deflectors (11) or gas guiding bodies (11) have a planar surface and that the ends and edges facing the furnace interior (15) are rounded and free of burrs.
15. The reactor according to any one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the deflectors (11) or gas guiding bodies (11) have a curved surface and in that the ends and edges facing the furnace interior (15) are rounded and free of burrs.
16. The reactor according to any one or more of claims 1 to 15, characterised in that the deflectors (11) or gas guiding bodies (11) have a smooth surface.
17. The reactor according to any one or more of claims 1 to 16, characterised in that the deflectors (11) or gas guiding bodies (11) have an anti-adhesive coating.
18. The reactor according to any one or more of claims 1 to 17, characterised in that the deflectors (11) or gas guiding bodies (11) are protected against corrosion.
19. The reactor according to any one or more of claims 1 to 18, characterised in that the deflectors (11) or gas guiding bodies (11) are additionally configured as heating bodies.
20. The reactor according to any one or more of claims 1 to 18, characterised in that the deflectors (11) or gas guiding bodies (11) are additionally configured as cooling bodies.
21. The reactor according to any one or more of claims 1 to 20, characterised in that the distance of the deflectors (11) or gas guiding bodies (11) from the surface of the directly-adjacent string-like material (7) or the directly-adjacent material web (7) is at least 5 mm.
22. The reactor according to any one or more of claims 1 to 21, characterised in that the distance of the deflectors (11) or gas guiding bodies (11) from the surface of the directly-adjacent string-like material (7) or the directly-adjacent material web (7) is in the range between 15 and 40 mm.
23. The reactor according to any one or more of claims 1 to 22, characterised in that the distance of the deflectors (11) or gas guiding bodies (11) from the surface of the string-like material (7) or material web (7) on one side of the string-like material (7) or material web (7) differs from the distance of the deflectors (11) or gas guiding bodies (11) from the surface of the string-like material (7) or material web (7) on the other side of the string-like material (7) or material web (7).
24. The reactor according to any one or more of claims 1 to 23, characterised in that the ratio of the length of the deflectors (11) or gas guiding bodies (11) to their distance from the surface of the directly-adjacent string-like material (7) or the directly-adjacent material web (7) is no more than 10 to 1.
25. The reactor according to any one or more of claims 1 to 23, characterised in that the ratio of the length of the deflectors (11) or gas guiding bodies (11) to their distance from the surface of the directly-adjacent string-like material (7) or the directly-adjacent material web (7) is in the range between 4 to 1 and 6 to 1.
26. The reactor according to any one or more of claims 1 to 25, characterised in that the deflectors (11) or gas guiding bodies (11) are mounted and formed in such a way that the desired distance between the material web (7) or the string-like material (7) on the one hand and the deflectors (11) or gas guiding bodies (11) directly adjacent to it/them is maintained even if the string-like material (7) or the material web (7) sags.
27. The reactor according to any one or more of claims 1 to 26, characterised in that the gas from the gas manifold means (12) exits through oriented nozzles (13).
28. The reactor according to claim 27, characterised in that the nozzles (13) are arranged in such a way that the gas flow exiting from them is directed at an angle (20) toward the reactor interior (15) and forms an angle (20) with the surface of the directly-adjacent string-like material (7) or the directly-adjacent material web (7) or, with curved gas outlet openings (13a), with the surface of the directly-adjacent deflector (11) or gas guiding body (11) in the range between 30° and 60°.
29. The reactor according to any one of claims 27 or 28, characterised in that the nozzles (13) are arranged in such a way that the gas flow exiting from them is directed toward the reactor interior (15) at an angle (20) and forms an angle (20) with the surface of the directly-adjacent string-like material (7) or the directly-adjacent material web (7) or, with curved gas outlet openings (13a), with the surface of the directly-adjacent deflector (11) or gas guiding body (11) in the range between 40° and 50°.
30. The reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 29, characterised in that the gas flow exits the nozzles (13) or gas outlet openings (13) at an initial velocity of 50 to 140 m/s.
31. The reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 30, characterised in that tempered gas is used.
32. The reactor according to claim 31, characterised in that the tempering of the gas is carried out utilizing the heat content of the gases and vapours leaving the reactor (1).
33. The reactor according to any one or more of claims 1 to 30, characterised in that gas is used at normal temperature.
34. The reactor according to any one or more of claims 1 to 31 and 33, characterised in that gas is used which at least partially originates from the furnace interior (15).

Images