EP1377618A1 - Antistatic additives including tetrahalogenated ionic compounds for organic polymer packaging compositions - Google Patents
Antistatic additives including tetrahalogenated ionic compounds for organic polymer packaging compositionsInfo
- Publication number
- EP1377618A1 EP1377618A1 EP02721080A EP02721080A EP1377618A1 EP 1377618 A1 EP1377618 A1 EP 1377618A1 EP 02721080 A EP02721080 A EP 02721080A EP 02721080 A EP02721080 A EP 02721080A EP 1377618 A1 EP1377618 A1 EP 1377618A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- organic polymer
- ionic compound
- tetrahalogenated
- polyurethane
- polymer composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/28—Nitrogen-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0008—Foam properties flexible
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0083—Foam properties prepared using water as the sole blowing agent
Definitions
- the present invention relates to antistatic additives for chemical compositions, and, more particularly, to tetrahalogenated ionic compounds, and antistatic additives including tetrahalogenated ionic compounds for organic polymer compositions such as polyurethane and polyolefin foams and sheets.
- MILSPECs including MIL-B-81705-C, MIL-P-26514-F and others
- MILSPECs including MIL-B-81705-C, MIL-P-26514-F and others
- these specifications have come to form the foundation for commercial antistatic components as well.
- packaging materials for electronic components include antistatic flexible polyurethane foam (both polyether and polyester) fabricated into cushioning shapes; polyolefin (generally polyethylene) sheeting and wraps; and conductive laminates fabricated into bags, sheets or containers. Knobel, in U.S.
- Patents 5,068,061 (1991) and 5,110,669 (1992) gives an excellent summary of conductive polymer laminates and teaches the use of certain carbonaceous fibers and non-volatile ionizable metal salts and enhancers in such laminates.
- the same author, in U.S. Patent 4,618,630 (1986) teaches the use of certain non-volatile ionizable metal salts/enhancer combinations in organic polymer compositions such as polyurethanes, as does Spicher in U.S. Patents 5,677,357 (1997) and 5,955,526 (1999) regarding hexahalogenated ionic compounds as additives to polyurethanes, polyolefins and other organic polymer substrates.
- thermoset and thermoplastic materials such as flexible polyurethane foam and polyolefin sheeting.
- loop slitting In one fabrication process (commonly called "loop slitting") involving flexible polyurethane foam, long blocks of the material are glued end-to-end and rotated by means of a heavy conveyor system past a stationary saw blade to produce a continuous foam sheet of uniform thickness, which can then be used in furniture and bedding, automotive and carpet underlay applications.
- the motion of the foam block against the rubber belts and metal structure of the loop slitter creates a considerable hazard of static electricity build-up and unexpected discharge, despite mechanical grounding of the machinery.
- the antistatic additives taught in this patent when incorporated in the polyurethane foam block during production significantly reduce such static build-up and sparking during the loop slitting process.
- production of polyolefin films such as polyethylene and polypropylene by extrusion generate large static build-up which presents a similar discharge hazard for production workers.
- the additives taught in this patent when incorporated in the resin during extrusion, significantly reduce this build-up and discharge, and facilitate handling and fabrication of the sheeting.
- MIL P-26514-F Polyurethane Foam, Rigid or Flexible, For Packaging
- EIA 541 Packaging Material Standards for ESD Sensitive Items This is a commercial spec similar in some respects to the military specs. It requires Static Decay Time of less than 2 seconds and Surface Resistivity requirements (less than
- Patent 4,618,630 describes the use of various non-volatile ionizable metal salt compositions in combination with various organic "enhancer” compounds which increase the efficacy of the relatively low-potency active species. These products have been disfavored commercially because of their relatively high cost, higher use levels required and the commercial scarcity of the active species.
- the most widely used of these (“the Dow additive”) is an organic boron composition that is non-migratory, non-corrosive and chemically inert with respect to the polyurethane reaction.
- the hexahalogenated ionic additives described by Spicher in U.S. Patent 5,677,357 are widely used at present based on their superior cost/performance, ability to impart excellent antistatic properties across a broad range of foam densities, non-migratory nature, low contribution to contact corrosivity and long- lived persistence in the foam matrix.
- Of concern with the hexahalogenated ionic additives is their tendency, as active electronic moieties, to interfere chemically with certain pigment and colorants (particularly reds and pinks) resulting in a bleached or discolored appearance of the foam product, usually in the center of the foam block where exotherm temperatures are highest.
- the present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art, such as those noted above, by providing tetrahalogenated ionic salts as antistatic agents.
- the antistatic tetrahalogenated ionic salts used according to the present invention can include any of the halogens, i.e., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, or astatine.
- the tetrahalogenated ionic compounds having antistatic activity according to the present invention broadly include ionic salts of tetrahalogenated compounds from Group IIIA of the periodic table, i.e., boron, aluminum, galium, indium, and thallium.
- Tetrahalogenated ionic salts of the present invention can be formed, for example, with any of the salt-forming cations, such as ammonium, or any of the salt-forming metals or alkali metals, such as lithium, sodium, rubidium, and cesium.
- any of the salt-forming cations such as ammonium
- any of the salt-forming metals or alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, rubidium, and cesium.
- the tetrahalogenated ionic compound is included in an additive composition for use in chemical compositions.
- the antistatic additive for chemical compositions includes a tetrahalogenated ionic compound, a solvent for the tetrahalogenated ionic compound, and a diluent compatible with the tetrahalogenated ionic compound, the solvent and the chemical composition.
- the present invention provides an antistatic organic polymer composition and a method of making the composition in which an organic polymer composition is rendered antistatic by including the tetrahalogenated ionic compound as an antistatic additive.
- the organic polymer composition is polyurethane foam.
- packaging materials made up of organic polymer compositions take many other forms, including laminates, films, and elastomers which can be enhanced using the antistatic additives of the present invention.
- An example of an electrostatically protected laminate packaging structure is taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,110,669 issued to Knobel et al. on May 5, 1992, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- the organic polymer used in the antistatic composition can be, for example, a polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, a polyester, a poly( vinyl aromatic), an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymer, a polycarbonate or a copolymer of an olefin with carbon monoxide or vinyl alcohol.
- the organic polymer preferably is provided in the form of a polyurethane foam.
- the present invention represents a significant cost-performance improvement over the Dow additive noted above.
- the present invention is also non-migratory, non-corrosive and relatively inert with respect to production processing.
- the present invention when added to polyurethane foam at a level of 3-5 parts per hundred parts polyol, the present invention renders the resulting polyurethane polymer static dissipative or "antistatic. " Use levels of 3-5 pphp of the present invention gives equivalent electrostatic results as the Dow additive at 8-10 parts.
- antistatic additive of the present invention does not depend on or utilize any type of "enhancer" to achieve equivalent performance results, such as that required by the Dow additive.
- the antistatic additive of the present invention also shows a much reduced tendency for chemical interaction and discoloration than the hexahalogenated ionic salts in formulations containing red or pink pigments and colorants. This allows for the production of flexible foams of uniform coloration and antistatic properties.
- the present invention also shows evidence of longer term stability in the polymer matrix, as evidenced by the 24 month aged surface resisitivity data presented in Fig. 2.
- Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic cross-section of a commercially produced flexible polyether polyurethane block showing the block profile surface resistivity results using an antistatic additive according to the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic cross-section of a commercially produced flexible polyether polyurethane block showing the 24 month aged block profile surface resistivity results using an antistatic additive according to the present invention.
- the active antistatic compounds according to the present invention are tetrahalogenated ionic compounds.
- the antistatic compounds of the present invention can be described generally as the tetrahalogens of the Group IIIA elements, and salts thereof.
- the antistatic tetrahalogenated ionic compounds of the present invention include particularly the ammonium, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium salts of tetrahalogenated boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, and thalium compounds, although salts of other cations are considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
- Other tetrahalogenated compounds are considered to be within the scope of the present invention, particularly those of elements from the chemically similar neighbors of Group IIIA.
- the antistatic compound can be used in neat form, according to the present invention.
- the antistatic compound can be added directly as a powder in an extrusion of polyethylene pellets.
- the range of the active ingredient according the present invention which is needed to render, for example, an organic polymer composition antistatic, is dependent in part upon polymer density. The higher the density of the polymer composition, the less antistatic additive is required. Effective amounts can be determined by routine experimentation by those skilled in the art.
- tetrahalogenated ionic compound chosen depends in part on commercial availability.
- Various tetrahalogenated phosphates for example, in combination or alone, can be used as the active ingredient, lithium or sodium tetrafluoroborate being most preferred, though others are commercially available.
- the criteria for choosing the most preferred active ingredient of the present invention are (a) solubility, (b) decomposition temperature, (c) halogen content, and (d) cost/performance.
- the sodium form at present is more commercially available and economical than the lithium analog, and exhibits an advantageous combination of better water and solvent solubility, higher fluorine content and acceptable decomposition temperature with respect to the other analogs (see Table 1; reference “The Chemistry of Boron and its Compounds", Earl L. Muetterties, New York, Wiley, 1967, pp. 335-337.)
- LiBF 4 Decomposes 81.1% Very soluble
- NaBF 4 384 (decomposes) 69.2% 52% by wt.
- the preferred antistatic additive composition of the present invention includes an antistatically-effective amount of one of the tetrahalogenated ionic compounds, upon addition of the additive to the composition to be rendered antistatic.
- the additive composition can include one or more co- solvents, and diluent.
- the active antistatic ingredient for the additive composition according to the present invention is the tetrahalogenated ionic compound described above.
- the antistatic ionic compound of the present invention can be included in the additive composition in varying amounts. In a typical application, the ionic compound is included in an amount ranging approximately from 0.5-15% by weight of the additive composition. In a most preferred embodiment, the ionic compound of the present invention is included in the 2.25-10% range by weight of the antistatic additive composition of the present invention.
- the above percentages are illustrative, and may be varied depending on various factors, including the chemical formulation or type of polymer to be treated with the antistatic additive.
- a co-solvent can be included to solubilize the active ingredient.
- the solvent employed can be any compound that will solubilize the active ingredient, examples of which are water, N-methyl pyrrolidone, and low molecular weight polyethylene glycol.
- the co-solvent, preferably N-methyl pyrrolodone, is included in the range of approximately 1.1-22% by weight of the additive composition.
- the co-solvent is most preferably used in the 4.5-15% range. Again, these percentages can be varied outside these ranges depending upon the requirements of the particular application.
- a diluent can be included in the antistatic additive of the present invention to make the active/co-solvent system compatible with the composition to be treated.
- the diluent can be any compound that is compatible with the active/solvent system and the composition to be rendered antistatic.
- a urethane polyol is a preferred diluent. Such a polyol is completely compatible with generally-used foam formulations, and is readily available.
- diluents can be used, including, but not limited to polypropylene glycols and triols, including dipropylene glycol; poly(oxy)propylene glycols and triols, including but not limited to glycerine and/or hexanetriol-initiated triols; and plasticizers that are not necessarily "enhancers" as that term is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,618,630, noted above.
- various enhancers such as antistatic enhancers, including non-ionizable salts or esters of an organic acid, also can be included with the antistatic additive of the present invention.
- Flexible PU foam is produced from a mixture of chemical ingredients (mostly in liquid form; some are slurried or dispersed solid in liquid) which are brought together in a mixing head and then dispensed on a moving conveyor lined with plastic film or kraft paper.
- reaction of the polyol and isocyanate produce the solid portion of the polymer, while at the same time a competing reaction between water and isocyanate generates carbon dioxide gas, this gas giving the reaction mixture a foaming, or "cellular" quality (as opposed to solid elastomer).
- the polyol-isocyanate reaction is controlled (catalyzed) by the addition of a small amount of tin- based catalyst (usually stannous octoate or dibutyl tin dilaurate), while the water-isocyanate reaction is catalyzed by a small amount of a tertiary amine-type additive.
- tin- based catalyst usually stannous octoate or dibutyl tin dilaurate
- a tertiary amine-type additive usually stannous octoate or dibutyl tin dilaurate
- a silicone surfactant is included which stabilizes the rising foaming mass until it "cures" or solidifies into a self-supporting block.
- the chemical components are delivered via pump and metering controls to the mixing head in separate streams, or in some cases certain of the components will be pre-combined ( "batched” ) and then delivered to the mixing head.
- the antistatic additive is added at this stage either as a separate component, or prebatched with one of the other components.
- Example 1 A typical 1.3 pcf, 35 Indentation Force Deflection (IFD) formulation using the present invention (commercially available from the assignee of the present invention as CELLTECH® NC-4-B Antistatic Additive) is as follows:
- Concentrations of each ingredient are given based on "parts per hundred" of the polyol.
- the formulation is always based on “ 100 parts polyol” .
- the formulations are generally based on "100 parts polyol”.
- the total equivalent weight of hydroxyl functionality in the mixture is calculated (polyol, water and any other hydroxyl-containing components, since the isocyanate reacts with hydroxyl-containing ingredients) and an equivalent weight of TDI used. Note that the present invention, because it is diluted with a hydroxyl- containing compound, must be included in the stoichiometric isocyanate calculations.
- Use levels of antistatic additive based on weight percent can easily be calculated by summing the total weight of all the components and expressing the antistat level in percent form.
- test results demonstrate that the antistatic ionic compounds and the antistatic additive of the present invention advantageously provide a dramatic reduction in both surface and volume resistivity of greater than 80% at a 30% lower use level than the Dow additive noted above. Additionally, the present invention shows increased uniformity of antistatic properties across the foam block as compared to both the Dow additive and the hexahalogenated ionic compounds (see Fig. 1).
- Laminate packaging for electronic components generally includes electrically conductive shielding and static dissipation.
- the additive of the present invention can be dispersed in an organic polymer to render packaging films electrostatically dissipative.
- Packages for electronic components can be constructed using one or more layers of the static dissipative films.
- the antistatic additive is provided in an amount that will render the organic polymer film more conductive as compared to the polymer film without the additive.
- the polymer composition suitably comprises any generally non-conductive, organic polymer in which an ionizable metal salt can be dispersed.
- Suitable polymers include polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polyisobutylene, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers, polyesters, polyamides, polyvinylhalides, polystyrene and copolymers of styrene and other unsaturated monomers such as acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene polymers, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, interpolymers of ethylene and carbon monoxide, polyethers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene -vinyl alcohol copolymers and the like.
- the polymer is suitably linear or branched, but, with either structure, is preferably thermoplastic.
- the polymer and the antistatic additive advantageously are selected for their mutual compatibility and for physical and chemical properties suitable for a specific application.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US27092301P | 2001-02-23 | 2001-02-23 | |
US270923P | 2001-02-23 | ||
PCT/US2002/005075 WO2002068489A1 (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2002-02-22 | Antistatic additives including tetrahalogenated ionic compounds for organic polymer packaging compositions |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1377618A1 true EP1377618A1 (en) | 2004-01-07 |
EP1377618A4 EP1377618A4 (en) | 2004-09-08 |
Family
ID=23033402
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02721080A Withdrawn EP1377618A4 (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2002-02-22 | Antistatic additives including tetrahalogenated ionic compounds for organic polymer packaging compositions |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1377618A4 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2439281A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002068489A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7005458B2 (en) | 2003-06-20 | 2006-02-28 | Foamex L.P. | Static dissipative polyurethane foams |
GB0713394D0 (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2007-08-22 | Univ Strathclyde | Fire retarded polyurethane foams |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS62260847A (en) * | 1986-05-07 | 1987-11-13 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Electrically conductive vinyl chloride resin composition |
EP0372418A2 (en) * | 1988-12-02 | 1990-06-13 | The Dow Chemical Company | A process for preparing antistatic polyisocyanate-based polymers via incorporating a polyalkylene carbonate-salt mixture |
US5677357A (en) * | 1995-07-05 | 1997-10-14 | Cellular Technology International, Inc. | Antistatic additive for organic polymer compositions |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4855077A (en) * | 1988-04-20 | 1989-08-08 | Takiron Co., Ltd. | Sticking agent of ionic-conductive polymer |
-
2002
- 2002-02-22 CA CA002439281A patent/CA2439281A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-02-22 EP EP02721080A patent/EP1377618A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-02-22 WO PCT/US2002/005075 patent/WO2002068489A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS62260847A (en) * | 1986-05-07 | 1987-11-13 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Electrically conductive vinyl chloride resin composition |
EP0372418A2 (en) * | 1988-12-02 | 1990-06-13 | The Dow Chemical Company | A process for preparing antistatic polyisocyanate-based polymers via incorporating a polyalkylene carbonate-salt mixture |
US5677357A (en) * | 1995-07-05 | 1997-10-14 | Cellular Technology International, Inc. | Antistatic additive for organic polymer compositions |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 0121, no. 43 (C-492), 30 April 1988 (1988-04-30) & JP 62 260847 A (SEKISUI CHEM CO LTD), 13 November 1987 (1987-11-13) * |
See also references of WO02068489A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1377618A4 (en) | 2004-09-08 |
CA2439281A1 (en) | 2002-09-06 |
WO2002068489A1 (en) | 2002-09-06 |
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