EP1365666B1 - Glove having high mechanical performance, with high resistance to chemical products and/or radiolysis, and method for making same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a glove having high mechanical performance, and high resistance to chemical products and/or radiolysis, characterised in that it comprises one or several elastomer layers, identical or different, obtained from solutions of said elastomers in one or several organic solvents or in water, said layers being reinforced, on one or several parts or on the entire internal surface of the glove, with a fabric with high mechanical strength. The invention also concerns a method for making said glove and its uses.

Description

The present invention relates to a glove with high mechanical performance, as well as high resistance to chemicals and / or radiolysis, and a method of manufacturing such a glove.

For applications in the nuclear industry, different types of gloves have been described.

In particular, the patent US 5,165,114 in the name of SIEMENS AG describes gloves specially adapted for mounting on glove boxes containing radioactive material. These gloves consist of a superposition of the inner face of the glove to the outer face, a layer of polyurethane, a layer of rubber (such as a chlorosulfonated polyethylene or a copolymer of ethylene and propylene) , a layer consisting of a mixture of lead oxide and polychloroprene (for protection against radioactivity), then, again, a layer of rubber and a layer of polyurethane, the layers of rubber preventing the polyurethane from reacting with the lead oxide. These gloves, while they are suitable for protection against radioactive radiation, do not, however, exhibit satisfactory mechanical performance.

On the other hand, the patent application FR 2,777,163 in the name of PIERCAN SA describes gloves comprising a layer of rubber (for example a butyl rubber) intended to come into contact with the hand; and a polyurethane layer. The latter provides the mechanical strength of the glove, while the rubber layer on the inner surface of the glove prevents the hydrolysis of the polyurethane during contact with the hand of the user. Such gloves can be used in glove boxes, especially for the handling of radioactive products. They have a tear strength of 24 N and a resistance to perforation of 55 N according to standard NF EN 388.

However, the gloves adapted to the handling of radioactive products described above do not have sufficient mechanical performance. In particular, their resistance to perforation and tearing do not provide optimum protection for the user.

Gloves of high protection against the risk of cuts have also been described in the patent EP 0 716 817 on behalf of the company HUTCHINSON. These gloves include, on the face of the glove intended to cover the palm of the hand, a material of high resistance to cutting (such as a knit of para-aramid fibers), while the face of the glove intended to cover the back of the hand is constituted by a elastic textile of natural or synthetic organic fibers (such as a knit of cotton fibers). On all or part of its outer surface, the glove may also be coated with an elastomer, by successive dipping of the glove in an aqueous dispersion of said elastomer, so as to waterproof the fibers described above vis-à-vis certain agents , such as oils or aqueous products, as well as to avoid early wear or deterioration of these fibers when handling objects with asperities.

In order to effectively protect the hands of the user, it would be desirable to use elastomers which, in addition to their role of waterproofing and protection of the textile of the external environment, have good mechanical properties, especially from the point of view of the resistance perforation and tearing. In this context, it would be more advantageous to use elastomers from solutions, which may have better mechanical properties than when they come from aqueous dispersions (for example in the case of certain polyurethanes). Moreover, certain elastomers can be used only in the form of solutions and are therefore not available in the form of aqueous dispersions, as is the case, for example, with butyl rubbers.

Now, the patent EP 0 716 817 describes the coating of a textile only by elastomers in the form of aqueous dispersions, by successive dipping of the textile in these aqueous dispersions. As is known to those skilled in the art, the direct dipping of a textile in an elastomer solution is in fact to be prohibited, since it would imply, given the high penetrating power of the elastomer solutions, a complete inclusion of the textile (throughout its thickness) in the elastomer. This would result in a loss of flexibility of the textile. The gloves thus obtained would be particularly uncomfortable for the user, their lack of flexibility making them unfit to follow the movements of the hand and fingers.

1. 1) trempage d'une forme dans un latex puis séchage et vulcanisation, puis,
2. 2) collage des morceaux de textile sur les parties sensibles.

Similarly, US Patent No. 4742578 discloses surgical gloves consisting of a layer of a synthetic rubber latex on which a textile coating is bonded. The manufacture of these gloves is done in two stages:

1. 1) soaking a shape in a latex then drying and vulcanization, then,
2. 2) gluing pieces of textile on the sensitive parts.

The glove thus obtained can be re-dipped in a latex. It can also be returned. These gloves have insufficient mechanical strength and chemical resistance. In addition, resistance to radioactive radiation is neither mentioned nor suggested in this document.

The document US 1,769,977 describes a glove made of a textile support and reinforced at the palm and fingers by a rubber. A waterproofing of the glove by a rubber dispersion may be provided.

• revêtement d'une forme par un textile,
• trempage dans un latex d'élastomère,
• trempage dans un caoutchouc butyle.

The document US 4,190,685 describes a protective glove against chemical contaminants. This glove is manufactured by a process that includes the steps of:

• coating of a shape with a textile,
• soaking in an elastomer latex,
• soaking in a butyl rubber.

The document US 4,526,828 discloses a protective glove comprising a textile backing, a layer of reinforcing fibers and a thickness of a latex elastomeric material which coats the reinforcing fibers and adheres to the backing.

The document GB-624.795 discloses a protective glove with high chemical and mechanical resistance which is prepared by dipping a textile-coated form into a PVC paste.

The document US 5112900 describes the manufacture of elastomeric gloves from an elastomer solution. A shape is soaked in an elastomer solution, removed and dried.

Finally, US Patent No. 5259069 discloses surgical gloves consisting of an inner glove of elastic material. This inner glove is covered with a second glove of elastic material sealed in places to the inner glove, pieces of textile being placed between the two elastic gloves, these pieces of textile being able to move between the two gloves. The document teaches the preparation of gloves by soaking a shape in a latex bath. These gloves have insufficient chemical and mechanical resistance properties and resistance to radioactive radiation is neither mentioned nor suggested in this document.

In view of the disadvantages of the gloves described in the prior art, the object of the invention is to provide a glove which has high mechanical performance, in particular with regard to resistance to puncture and tear, while being suitable for the handling of radioactive products and / or chemicals.

These aims are achieved by the combination of a high strength textile layer with one or more layers of elastomers selected for their high chemical resistance and / or resistance to radiolysis. For this purpose, it is surprisingly used elastomers in the form of solutions in one or more organic solvents or in water, types of elastomers which the person skilled in the art did not know, until now, associate with a textile.

• une ou plusieurs couches d'élastomères, identiques ou différents,
• cette ou ces couches étant renforcée(s), sur une ou plusieurs parties ou sur la totalité de la surface interne du gant, par un textile à haute résistance mécanique, l'élastomère pénétrant de façon partielle dans l'épaisseur de la couche de textile, ce gant étant caractérisé en ce que cette ou ces couches d'élastomères sont obtenues à partir de solutions desdits élastomères dans un ou plusieurs solvants organiques ou dans l'eau.

The subject of the invention is therefore a glove with high mechanical performance, as well as high resistance to chemicals and / or radiolysis, comprising:

• one or more layers of elastomers, identical or different,
• this or these layers being reinforced, on one or more parts or on the whole of the inner surface of the glove, by a textile with high mechanical strength, the elastomer penetrating partially in the thickness of the textile layer , this glove being characterized in that this or these elastomer layers are obtained from solutions of said elastomers in one or more organic solvents or in water.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "glove resistant to radiolysis" means a glove in which it is not detected, visually and after several months of use (at least after 3 months, advantageously after 12 to 36 months or at there is no degradation under the action of radioactive radiation, namely no appearance of cracks in the structure of the glove.

"Chemical-resistant glove" means a glove that allows the handling of products with which the user must avoid contact, for example products which are aggressive to the skin or whose contact is dangerous (viral preparations, corrosive chemical agents for example).

The term "elastomer solution" means an elastomer in liquid form in a single continuous phase, as opposed to aqueous dispersions of elastomer (or latex).

By "inner surface of the glove" is meant the surface of the glove intended to come into contact with the hand of the user.

"Textile with high mechanical strength" means a textile having good resistance to perforation and tearing, which is evaluated according to standard NF EN 388. As regards the level of resistance to cutting, it depends on the nature of the chosen textile, the diameter of the fibers and the size of the mesh of the textile, in the case where the fibers of the textile are knitted.

According to standard NF EN 388, the levels of resistance to perforation, cutting and tearing involve distinct mechanical characteristics, since they correspond to the resistance to mechanical stresses of different types, namely, respectively, the resistance to contact with a sharp object, resistance to contact with a sharp object, and the ability of a sample having a notch to tear more from that notch.

In the glove according to the invention, said textile having high mechanical strength consists of natural or synthetic fibers, selected from high tenacity polyethylene fibers, high-tenacity polyester, polyaramide (such as KEVLAR ^®), polyamide, viscose and their blends, woven or knitted.

As for elastomers, they can be selected from the group consisting of polyurethanes, chlorosulfonated polyethylenes (eg the product sold under the brand HYPALON ^® by Du Pont De Nemours, France), polychloroprene (eg the product sold under the brand NEOPRENE ^® by Du Pont De Nemours, France), butyl rubbers, synthetic or natural polyisoprenes, polyvinyl alcohols and mixtures thereof.

These examples are not, however, limiting: in general, any elastomer capable of being dissolved in an organic solvent or in water and forming a film after evaporation of the solvent could be used.

The fact of using elastomers in the form of solutions advantageously makes it possible to select elastomers which have better mechanical properties than if they came from aqueous dispersions (in the case of certain polyurethanes for example), or to use elastomers belonging to the same chemical family but of different structures than those that exist under form of aqueous dispersions (for example in the case of polychloroprenes). Moreover, some elastomers are not available in the form of aqueous dispersions but can be used only in the form of solutions, for example in the case of butyl rubbers.

Depending on the nature of the chosen elastomer, the glove according to the invention may exhibit, in addition to high mechanical performance, a high resistance to chemicals and / or radiolysis. As examples, among the elastomers mentioned above, the use of polyurethanes, chlorosulfonated polyethylenes and polychloroprenes makes it possible to obtain a glove resistant to radiolysis. Chlorosulphonated polyethylenes, polyvinyl alcohols and polyisoprenes (including natural rubber) also give the glove according to the invention excellent chemical resistance to liquids (water, oils, solvents). If chemical resistance to gases is sought, then the use of butyl rubbers is recommended.

• une ou plusieurs couches de polyuréthanne, obtenues à partir d'une solution dudit polyuréthanne dans un ou plusieurs solvants organiques,
• ces couches étant renforcées, sur une ou plusieurs parties ou sur la totalité de la surface interne du gant, par un textile à haute résistance mécanique.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the glove according to the invention, the latter comprises:

• one or more polyurethane layers obtained from a solution of said polyurethane in one or more organic solvents,
• these layers being reinforced, on one or more parts or on the whole of the inner surface of the glove, by a textile with high mechanical strength.

Preferably, said polyurethane solution comprises at least one polar solvent.

Such a glove is resistant to radiolysis and can therefore be used in a radioactive environment.

In the gloves according to the invention, the total thickness of the elastomer layers is preferably between 0.3 and 1 mm.

The gloves according to the invention, whatever the nature of the elastomeric layers, advantageously have a puncture resistance of at least 150 N and a pantile tear resistance of at least 75 N, measured according to standard NF EN 388 (ie, according to this standard, a level 4 resistance to puncture and tear pants).

Gloves according to the invention have, in addition, excellent resistance to thermal aging and are perfectly sealed, within the meaning of standard NF EN 374-2.

1. a) trempage d'un moule, au moins une fois, dans une ou plusieurs solutions, identiques ou différentes, d'un ou de plusieurs élastomères dans un ou plusieurs solvants organiques ou dans l'eau,
2. b) application, sur une ou plusieurs parties ou sur la totalité de la surface de ladite au moins une couche d'élastomère, telle qu'obtenue à l'issue de l'étape précédente, d'une couche de textile à haute résistance mécanique, une étape de séchage de l'ensemble moule/élastomère/textile puis
3. c) retrait du gant par retournement.

The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a glove as defined above, characterized in that it comprises the following steps :

1. a) dipping a mold, at least once, in one or more solutions, identical or different, of one or more elastomers in one or more organic solvents or in water,
2. b) applying, on one or more parts or on the entire surface of said at least one layer of elastomer, as obtained at the end of the preceding step, a layer of textile with high mechanical strength , a drying step of the mold / elastomer / textile assembly then
3. c) removal of the glove by reversal.

In this process, the organic solvents and the textile with high mechanical strength are as defined above in relation to the glove according to the invention.

Depending on the desired final thickness for the elastomer layers, step a) of dipping the mold in elastomer solutions may be repeated up to 20 times, for example 6 to 20 times. In which case, each layer of elastomer is dried, at least partially, before re-dipping the mold in an elastomer solution.

The method comprising dipping in several elastomer solutions may comprise, prior to step b), a step a ') of drying each elastomer layer obtained on said mold during step a).

According to an advantageous embodiment of the process according to the invention, said layer of textile with high mechanical strength applied during step b) is previously impregnated with water optionally comprising a nonionic surfactant, or else at least one solvent of the elastomer which is in direct contact with said textile layer.

Alternatively, the process according to the invention may comprise, between steps b) and c), a step b ') of impregnating the high-strength textile layer with at least one solvent of the elastomer which is directly in contact with said textile layer.

• soit de l'ensemble moule / élastomère / textile à haute résistance mécanique, dans le cas où l'imprégnation du textile par un solvant est effectuée entre les étapes b) et c),
• soit du textile seul, dans le cas où l'imprégnation du textile par un solvant est effectuée préalablement à l'étape b.

The impregnation of the textile with the solvent may for example be carried out by brush or brush application, or by spraying the solvent onto the textile layer. This impregnation can also be carried out by immersion in at least one solvent of said elastomer:

• either of the mold / elastomer / textile with high mechanical strength, in the case where the impregnation of the textile with a solvent is carried out between steps b) and c),
• textile alone, in the case where the impregnation of the textile by a solvent is carried out prior to step b.

The solvent used to impregnate the textile makes it possible to make the latter integral with the elastomer layers: it indeed makes it possible to partially dissolve the surface of the elastomer in contact with the textile, resulting in adhesion to the interface between the elastomer and the textile.

• a) trempage d'un moule, au moins une fois, dans une ou plusieurs solutions, identiques ou différentes, d'un ou de plusieurs élastomères dans un ou plusieurs solvants organiques ou dans l'eau,
• a') séchage de chaque 'couche d'élastomère obtenue sur le moule lors de l'étape a),
• b) application, sur une ou plusieurs parties ou sur la totalité de la surface desdites couches d'élastomères, telles qu'obtenues à l'issue de l'étape précédente, d'une couche de textile à haute résistance mécanique, ledit textile pouvant être imbibé d'eau comprenant éventuellement un tensioactif non-ionique,
• b') imprégnation de la couche de textile à haute résistance mécanique par au moins un solvant de l'élastomère qui est directement en contact avec ladite couche de textile,
• c') séchage de l'ensemble moule / élastomère / textile à haute résistance mécanique obtenu à l'issue de l'étape précédente, puis
• c) retrait du gant par retournement.

In view of the different characteristics of the process according to the invention, as described above, the latter can therefore comprise the following succession of steps:

• a) dipping a mold, at least once, in one or more solutions, identical or different, of one or more elastomers in one or more organic solvents or in water,
• a ') drying each elastomer layer obtained on the mold during step a),
• b) applying, on one or more parts or on the entire surface of said elastomer layers, such as obtained at the end of the preceding step, a layer of textile with high mechanical strength, said textile being able to be imbibed with water optionally comprising a nonionic surfactant,
• b ') impregnating the high-strength textile layer with at least one solvent of the elastomer which is in direct contact with said textile layer,
• c ') drying of the mold / elastomer / textile assembly with high mechanical strength obtained at the end of the preceding step, then
• c) removal of the glove by reversal.

• a) trempage d'un moule, au moins une fois, dans une ou plusieurs solutions, identiques ou différentes, d'un ou de plusieurs élastomères dans un ou plusieurs solvants organiques ou dans l'eau,
• a') séchage de chaque couche d'élastomère obtenue sur le moule lors de l'étape a),
• b) application, sur une ou plusieurs parties ou sur la totalité de la surface desdites couches d'élastomères, telles qu'obtenues à l'issue de l'étape précédente, d'une couche de textile à haute résistance mécanique, ce textile étant imprégné par au moins un solvant de l'élastomère qui est directement en contact avec ladite couche de textile,
• c') séchage de l'ensemble moule / élastomère / textile à haute résistance mécanique obtenu à l'issue de l'étape précédente, puis
• c) retrait du gant par retournement.

The process according to the invention may also comprise the following succession of steps:

• a) dipping a mold, at least once, in one or more solutions, identical or different, of one or more elastomers in one or more organic solvents or in water,
• a ') drying of each elastomer layer obtained on the mold during step a),
• b) applying, on one or more parts or on the entire surface of said elastomer layers, as obtained at the end of the preceding step, a layer of textile with high mechanical strength, this textile being impregnated with at least one solvent of the elastomer which is directly in contact with said textile layer,
• c ') drying of the mold / elastomer / textile assembly with high mechanical strength obtained at the end of the preceding step, then
• c) removal of the glove by reversal.

The elastomers used in the process according to the invention may be selected from the group consisting of polyurethanes, chlorosulfonated polyethylenes, polychloroprenes, butyl rubbers, synthetic or natural polyisoprenes, polyvinyl alcohols and mixtures thereof.

The method according to the invention makes it possible to reinforce, by a textile, one or more layers of elastomers coming from solutions of said elastomers in an organic solvent or in water. Such a method overcomes the shortcomings of glove manufacturing processes known until now.

Indeed, no method that allows to reinforce, by a textile, an elastomer layer from a solution of said elastomer in an organic solvent or in water, and without coating all of the fibers of the textile (which would result in a loss of flexibility of the textile), is not described in the prior art: the proposed methods consist in imbibing a textile, placed on a mold of desired shape, with a coagulating solution, and then soaking the textile in a dispersion aqueous elastomer, which will coagulate on the surface of the textile without penetrating its entire thickness, as described for example in the patent EP 0 716 817 . A step of removing the coagulant solution is then necessary before vulcanizing the glove and extracting it from the mold.

Other methods, which consist in manufacturing the glove "upside down", that is to say to form the layers of elastomers, then to adhere a textile to their surface using an adhesive and a lubricating agent, also require the use of elastomers in aqueous dispersions, as described in the patent US 4,283,244 .

Particularly advantageously, the process according to the invention thus makes it possible, by the soaking technique, to provide gloves comprising elastomer layers originating from solutions of said elastomers, reinforced by a layer of textile. The original sequence of steps according to the process according to the invention makes it possible to limit the interpenetration between the elastomer and the textile when these two materials are brought into contact during step b) of the process. The elastomer penetrates only partially in the thickness of the layer of textile with high mechanical strength, preventing the coating of all the meshes of the textile by the elastomer. The textile therefore remains flexible and retains its mechanical properties. This provides a glove of great flexibility and comfortable wearing, essential properties for the user can perform detailed tasks while maintaining gestures of great precision.

In particular, it should be noted that according to the invention, it is possible to manufacture gloves without any adhesive-type product intervening in the fixation of the textile on the elastomer. This is an important advantage in the case where the glove is used for the handling of radioactive products, since the adhesive-type products are generally sensitive to radiolysis. When a glove is made of a textile and an elastomer associated by means of an adhesive, the degradation of the adhesive by radiolysis is likely to cause the glove to lose its protective properties.

In addition, the gloves according to the invention make it possible to obtain protection of the whole of the hand and are provided with a flexibility allowing to keep by hand all its dexterity during the manipulation of objects.

The invention also relates to the use of the glove as defined above for the handling of radioactive materials or hazardous chemicals, such as aggressive chemicals or biological material.

The invention further relates to a glove box, that is to say a closed enclosure for handling products that need to be isolated from the external environment, or products with which the user or the manipulator must not be in contact, characterized in that it comprises at least one glove as defined above.

In addition to the foregoing, the invention also comprises other arrangements which will emerge from the description which follows, which refers to detailed examples of manufacturing gloves according to the invention. It should be understood, however, that these examples are given solely by way of illustration of the object of the invention, of which they in no way constitute a limitation.

EXAMPLE : Manufacture of a glove according to the invention resistant to radiolysis.

A glove according to the invention comprising one layer of polyurethane reinforced with a textile layer, namely DYNEEMA ^® (High tenacity polyethylene fabric sold by the company DSM) is obtained by the method described below.

First, a step of dipping a mold, the shape and dimensions of a hand, in a solution of polyurethane in a solvent organic, such as N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran, or in a mixture of several organic solvents.

Any polyurethane known to a person skilled in the art capable of being dissolved in an organic solvent and forming a film after evaporation of the solvent could be used. By way of examples, mention may be made of a polyurethane of the polyester or polyether type, aromatic or aliphatic. These examples are not, however, limiting and, in addition to the solubility characteristics and the film-forming properties described above, any polyurethane having a modulus at 20% elongation less than 3 MPa, a modulus at 100% elongation less than 7 MPa, a tensile strength greater than 20 MPa and an elongation at break greater than 400% could be used.

As for the mold, it is conventionally made of ceramic or metal.

The dipping of the mold in the polyurethane solution is repeated 6 to 20 times, each layer of polyurethane obtained on the mold being partially dried, for example in an oven at a temperature of between 20 and 130 ° C., preferably 60 ° C. for a time of between 1 and 300 minutes, preferably 60 minutes, before re-dipping the mold in the polyurethane solution. The temperatures and times given here depend on the solvent of the polyurethane and the type of polyurethane used.

During each dipping operation, the mold is maintained between 3 and 30 minutes, preferably 10 minutes, in the polyurethane solution.

The polyurethane layer thus obtained on the mold, after one or more dipping of the mold in the polyurethane solution, is then completely dried, for example in an oven at a temperature between 20 and 130 ° C. (preferably 80 ° C. ) and for a time of between 2 and 24 hours (preferably for 5 hours), the chosen temperature and duration being a function of the solvent and the type of polyurethane used.

A textile with high mechanical strength, in this case DYNEEMA ^® , is impregnated with water, the water possibly comprising up to 50% of a nonionic surfactant, for example ethoxylated. This textile is applied to one or more parts or to the entire surface of the polyurethane layer as obtained above, the application of the textile to the polyurethane being facilitated by the presence of water in the textile and, optionally, by the presence of the surfactant.

It is possible, for example, to apply the textile only to the part of the polyurethane layer corresponding to the hand of the user, without cover the part of the polyurethane layer corresponding to the forearm of the user. It is also possible to apply the textile in a plurality of well-defined regions on the polyurethane layer, for example on the region corresponding to the inner face of the hand, in the palm of the hand and along the corresponding regions. to the fingers of the user.

A solvent for said polyurethane is then applied in contact with the layer of DYNEEMA ^®, for example by immersion in at least one solvent for said polyurethane (such as N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran), in the mold / polyurethane / textile assembly with high mechanical strength.

Drying, at a temperature between 20 and 100 ° C. (preferably 70 ° C.), of the mold / polyurethane / high strength textile assembly obtained above allows the textile to adhere to the polyurethane, to the interface between these two materials. The solvent of the polyurethane applied in contact with the layer of DYNEEMA ^® in fact induces a partial dissolution of the surface of this elastomer, which thus becomes able to adhere to the textile, the layers of textile and polyurethane adhering intimately to each other. other after complete evaporation of the solvent.

The glove is finally removed from the mold by simply reversing. A glove that is resistant to radiolysis is obtained for at least 24 months.

In the example of manufacture of a radiolysis-resistant glove which has just been described above, it would also be possible to soak the mold, in the first place, in a solution of an elastomer chosen for its resistance properties. to the chemicals, according to the same protocol as that described above in relation to the polyurethane, then to soak the mold in a solution of polyurethane or other elastomer resistant to radiolysis, before applying a high-strength textile mechanically on the polyurethane layer. This would give a glove according to the invention comprising two layers of different elastomers, the glove being both resistant to radiolysis and chemicals.

Claims (14)

1. Glove having high mechanical performance, and also high resistance to chemical products and/or to radiolysis, comprising:

   - one or more layers of elastomers, which are identical or different,

   - that or those layers being reinforced, over one or more portions or all of the internal surface of the glove, by a textile of high mechanical strength chosen from natural or synthetic fibres, selected from fibres of high-tenacity polyethylene, high-tenacity polyester, polyaramide, polyamide, viscose and mixtures thereof, which are woven or knitted, the elastomer penetrating partially into the thickness of the layer of textile of high mechanical strength, the glove being characterised in that that or those layers of elastomers are obtained from solutions of the elastomers in one or more organic solvents or in water.
2. Glove according to claim 1, characterised in that the elastomers are selected from the group composed of polyurethanes, chlorosulphonated polyethylenes, polychloroprenes, butyl rubbers, synthetic or natural polyisoprenes, polyvinyl alcohols and mixtures thereof.
3. Glove according to claim 2, characterised in that the elastomer is selected from polyurethanes.
4. Glove according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the total thickness of the layer(s) of elastomer(s) is from 0.3 to 1 mm.
5. Glove according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterised in that it has a perforation strength of at least 150 N.
6. Glove according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterised in that it has a trouser tear strength of at least 75 N.
7. Glove according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that it is resistant to radioactive radiation for a period of at least 3 months in a visual detection test.
8. Method for the manufacture of a glove defined in any one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterised in that it comprises the following steps:

   a) dipping a mould, at least once, in one or more identical or different solutions of one or more elastomers in one or more organic solvents or in water,

   b) applying, to one or more portions or all of the surface of the at least one layer of elastomer, as obtained at the end of the preceding step, a layer of textile of high mechanical strength chosen from: natural or synthetic fibres, selected from fibres of high-tenacity polyethylene, high-tenacity polyester, polyaramide, polyamide, viscose and mixtures thereof, which are woven or knitted,
   a step of drying the mould/elastomer/textile assembly

   c) withdrawing the glove by turning it inside out.
9. Method according to claim 8, comprising dipping in several solutions of elastomers, characterised in that it comprises, prior to step b), a step a') of drying each layer of elastomer obtained on the mould during step a).
10. Method according to either claim 8 or claim 9, characterised in that the layer of textile of high mechanical strength applied during step b) is impregnated beforehand with water optionally comprising a non-ionic surfactant, or with at least one solvent of the elastomer which is in direct contact with the layer of textile.
11. Method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterised in that it comprises, between steps b) and c), a step b') of impregnating the layer of textile of high mechanical strength with at least one solvent of the elastomer which is in direct contact with the layer of textile.
12. Use of a glove according to any one of claims 1 to 7 comprising one or more layers of elastomers selected from: polyurethanes, chlorosulphonated polyethylenes, and polychloroprenes for protecting the hand of an individual during the manipulation of radioactive materials.
13. Use of the glove according to any one of claims 1 to 7 comprising one or more layers of elastomers selected from: chlorosulphonated polyethylenes, polyvinyl alcohols, polyisoprenes, and butyl rubbers, for protecting the hand of an individual during the manipulation of chemical products or biological material.
14. Glove box, characterised in that it comprises at least one glove as defined in any one of claims 1 to 7.