EP1363313A2 - Elektrische Lampe mit Kondensatreservoir und Verfahren zum Betrieb derselben - Google Patents

Elektrische Lampe mit Kondensatreservoir und Verfahren zum Betrieb derselben Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1363313A2
EP1363313A2 EP03010898A EP03010898A EP1363313A2 EP 1363313 A2 EP1363313 A2 EP 1363313A2 EP 03010898 A EP03010898 A EP 03010898A EP 03010898 A EP03010898 A EP 03010898A EP 1363313 A2 EP1363313 A2 EP 1363313A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lamp
electrode
cavity
cap
fill material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03010898A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1363313A3 (de
Inventor
Miguel Galvez
Arlene Hecker
Walter P. Lapatovich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Osram Sylvania Inc
Original Assignee
Osram Sylvania Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US10/247,057 external-priority patent/US20040056600A1/en
Application filed by Osram Sylvania Inc filed Critical Osram Sylvania Inc
Publication of EP1363313A2 publication Critical patent/EP1363313A2/de
Publication of EP1363313A3 publication Critical patent/EP1363313A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/24—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/52—Cooling arrangements; Heating arrangements; Means for circulating gas or vapour within the discharge space
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric lamp, and method of operation thereof, having a lamp envelope that is useful in controlling the melt temperature of the fill material within such envelope.
  • the present invention is particularly of interest regarding a metal halide lamp having such an improved lamp envelope.
  • Lamp manufacturers are constantly searching for ways to improve their products.
  • One such improvement would be the removal of mercury from discharge lamps.
  • mercury is beneficial in discharge lamps and leads to lamp systems with high efficiency.
  • high intensity discharge (HID) headlamps are an emerging application for mercury in automobiles. These headlamps offer improved visibility, longer life and use less energy than standard tungsten halogen headlamps.
  • Each HID light source contains approximately 0.5 mg of mercury and passes the Federal TCLP test for hazardous waste.
  • the European Union ELV (end-of life vehicles) directive exempts mercury-containing bulbs from its ban on mercury in vehicles.
  • HID headlamps The usage of HID headlamps is expected to increase as introduction of less expensive, higher volume model cars continues. In 2000, about 3.5 million HID headlamps were used in the production of new cars worldwide. This amounts to less than 4 pounds of mercury. While this amount of mercury pales in comparison with the metric tons of mercury used in automotive switch applications, it is desirable to eliminate this source of mercury from the waste stream, if possible.
  • transparent material for the arc tube body is preferred.
  • Fused silica is commonly used now, but ceramics are also possible, and indeed necessary for operation at higher temperatures or with certain reactive chemistries.
  • the best optical coupling of ceramic metal halide lamps to reflectors or fiber systems will be achieved with transparent ceramic vessels.
  • United States Patent No. 5,621,275 discloses a sapphire arc tube enclosed with a polycrystalline alumina (PCA) cap through an interference (sintering shrinkage) of the PCA cap against the sapphire arc tube, for an electrodeless arc discharge lamp.
  • PCA arc tubes enclosed with PCA caps through the direct joint are also described in the same patent.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an economical, efficient and high quality electric lamp, and method of operating same.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric lamp wherein excess condensate of the fill material within the lamp envelope is removed from the arc stream region during lamp operation, and method of operating same.
  • Yet a further object of the present invention is to provide an electric lamp having reduced color shifting and flicker, and method of operating same.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an electric lamp having a well-defined temperature zone in which chemical fill condensate resides during lamp operation, and method of operating same.
  • Yet a further object of the present invention is to provide an electric lamp wherein the arc is not extinguished during start-up, and method of operating same.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric lamp having easily vaporizable fill chemistries that do not cause unstable lamp operation, and method of operating same.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved metal halide lamp, and method of operating same.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric lamp having a ceramic envelope which can be dosed at a higher salt level relative to a conventional electric lamp having a silica envelope thereby permitting lamp operation at relatively higher voltages without the need for mercury, and method of operating same.
  • Yet a further object of the present invention is to provide an improved electroded transparent ceramic mercury free lamp, and method of operating same.
  • an electric lamp comprising a sealed envelope having a wall defining an enclosed volume. At least a portion of the wall is a substantially clear light transmissive window.
  • the enclosed volume comprises one cavity open to at least one other cavity.
  • a fill material is contained in the enclosed volume.
  • At least one electrode is provided, the electrode being sealed through the wall and extending from a first electrode end within the one cavity to a second electrode end exterior of the envelope for electrical contact.
  • the enclosed volume is so structured and arranged, and the fill material is of such a chemical composition, that in an operational mode of the lamp, fill material vaporizes in the one cavity and excess fill material condenses in the other cavity.
  • the other cavity provides a cooler region within the enclosed volume than the one cavity during the operational mode.
  • a method of operating the electric lamp is also provided comprising the steps of initiating energization of the lamp in a lamp initiation mode; vaporizing the fill material in the one cavity; and condensing excess fill material in the other cavity.
  • FIG. 1 is an illustration of one embodiment of a lamp of the present invention.
  • an electric lamp 2 is provided which comprises a sealed envelope 4.
  • envelope 4 may be fabricated from a ceramic material.
  • Envelope 4 includes a wall 6 that defines an enclosed volume 8. At least a portion 10 of the wall 6 is a substantially clear light transmissive window 12 through which light may be emitted from within the enclosed volume 8, the remaining portion being translucent or opaque.
  • the wall 6 may be transparent throughout its length.
  • the enclosed volume 8 comprises one cavity that forms a main portion of the enclosed volume open to at least one other cavity that provides a subportion of the enclosed volume. For example, in the embodiment illustrated in FIG.
  • enclosed volume 8 comprises one cavity formed by wall 14 open to two cavities 16, 18, one at each end of the lamp 2.
  • Each cavity 16, 18 is open to the cavity formed by wall 14 at a respective end of the cavity formed by wall 14.
  • each cavity 16, 18 is a recessed subportion formed by flanged portions 20 of the wall 6, the flanged portions extending circumferentially about axis 22 of the envelope 4.
  • each recessed subportion 16, 18 provides a reservoir that is remote to the lamp discharge volume located in the cavity 14.
  • At least one electrode is provided sealed through the wall which forms the sealed envelope 4, the electrode extending from one electrode end within the cavity formed by wall 14 to a second electrode end exterior of the envelope for electrical contact in a conventional manner.
  • two opposed electrodes 24 are sealed through the wall 6 at respective wall ends 26 and 28 of the envelope 4.
  • Respective ends 30 of the two opposed electrodes 24 face each other within the cavity 14 and are separated by an arc stream region or gap 32 which provides the lamp discharge volume between the electrodes in the conventional manner.
  • the arc stream region 32 is adjacent the window 12, and during lamp operation emits light through the window, the arc stream region being the hottest region of the lamp.
  • the lamp 2 includes a fill material 34 within the enclosed volume 8.
  • the fill material is mercury free and highly volatile.
  • the enclosed volume 8 is structured and arranged such that in an operational mode of the lamp, the fill material 34 vaporizes in the cavity formed by wall 14, excess fill material gravitating to and condensing in the cavities 16, 18.
  • each section of wall 6 adjacent the recessed subportions 16, 18 is structured and arranged to provide sufficient heat radiation to maintain a lower temperature in the recessed subportions 16,18 than in the arc stream region 32 where heating of the plasma is localized between electrode tips during normal lamp operation.
  • each wall section of wall 6 adjacent the recessed subportions 16, 18 is provided in such a manner as to (a) form adequate volume to contain the condensed excess chemical fill and (b) be located at a relatively greater distance in comparison to the window 12 from the arc stream region 32, to provide a lamp cold spot to which such condensate can migrate during lamp operation.
  • this manner there is enhanced condensation of excess fill material in the recessed subportions 16, 18 relative to the arc stream region 32.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a lamp 100 is provided which comprises a sealed envelope 102 having a wall that defines an enclosed volume 104.
  • the wall which forms the sealed envelope 102 comprises a tubular portion 106, having a first end portion 108 and an opposite second end portion 110, a first cap 112 attached to the first end portion, and a second cap 114 attached to the second end portion.
  • a first electrode 116 extends through the cap 112 at 118, and a second electrode 116 extends through the cap 114 at 120.
  • the enclosed volume 104 includes one cavity, within the tubular portion 106, formed by wall 122 of the tubular portion, a second cavity 124 between the tubular portion and first cap 112, and a third cavity 126 between the tubular portion and the second end cap 114.
  • Cavities 124 and 126 perform the same function as cavities 16 and 18 of the embodiment of FIG. 1.
  • the volume of the cavities 124 and 126 may be controlled by cap configuration and shrinkage of each cap during fabrication of the lamp 100 as explained herein.
  • Each cavity 124 and 126 is located between the tubular portion 106 and each respective cap 112, 114 at a respective end of the tubular portion.
  • a mercury-free fill material 128 contained within the enclosed volume 104 vaporizes in the cavity formed by wall 122, excess fill material migrating to and condensing in the cold spots provided at cavities 124 and 126.
  • cavities 124 and 126 provide a cooler region within the enclosed volume 104 than the cavity formed by wall 122, during the operational mode.
  • the caps 112 and 114 each include extended capillary sections 132 and 134, respectively, which form capillaries through which respective electrodes 116 extend.
  • the caps 112 and 114 fit onto the tubular portion 106 and are sintered thereto to provide a hermetic arc tube that forms the body of lamp 100.
  • the capillary sections 132 and 134 extend away from enclosed volume 104.
  • each electrode 116 includes a length 136 of tungsten, a length 138 of molybdenum and a length 140 of niobium.
  • the electrodes 116 are inserted through the end caps 112 and 114 at the respective capillary sections 132 and 134, such that respective electrode ends 142 and 144 face each other.
  • the arc stream region between the ends 142 and 144 provides the lamp discharge volume 146.
  • the electrodes 116 are sealed into the capillary sections 132 and 134 with a frit glass 148 in a conventional manner. It should be noted that the end of each capillary section 132 and 134 adjacent respective cavities 124 and 126 is open to the enclosed volume 104. Therefore, some of the condensate formed during lamp operation will migrate into the capillaries formed by the capillary sections 132 and 134. However, the volume and location of such capillaries is such that the capillaries do not provide a satisfactory cold spot for collection of excess fill condensate. To the contrary, in the absence of cavities 124 and 126, the fill condensate will be distributed randomly and will tend to ooze back into the arc tube body, that is, the volume provided by the surface 122, and cause corrosion.
  • the cavities 124, 126 act as a receptacle for the fill condensate that would ordinarily ooze into the arc tube body, the condensate being trapped within the "moat-like" cavities.
  • the lamp Prior to final sealing, the lamp is dosed with the chemical fill material, filled with inert gas and hermetically sealed in a conventional manner. Some examples of the fill material and inert gas are discussed herein.
  • the lamp 100 is a metal halide lamp that is made from three pieces: a transparent cylindrical tubular portion 106, and two translucent polycrystalline molded end caps 112 and 114.
  • the end caps 112 and 114 are sintered onto the cylindrical portion 106.
  • the cylindrical portion 106 is a substantially transparent ceramic material such as a single crystal fully dense sapphire tube. Such material is readily available commercially. Without limitation, other transparent ceramic materials such as yttrium alumina garnet (YAG) could also be used.
  • the caps 112 and 114 are PCA.
  • the caps 112 and 114 are structured and arranged such that during sintering of the caps to the tubular portion 106, shrinkage of the caps increases the volume of cavities 124 and 126 and affixes the caps to the tubular portion. This results from the facts that during sintering the PCA caps 124 and 126 shrink as they densify, but the ceramic tubular portion 106, being fully dense, does not.
  • the cavities 124 and 126 hold the excess condensed fill material. In essence, the cavities 124 and 126 act as a constant temperature reservoir of the condensed fill material.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a cap 150 similar to caps 112 and 114 wherein the cap 150 includes a surface coating 152, which promotes thermal radiation.
  • coating 152 may be a graphite, refractory metal or metal oxide end paint.
  • a cap 154 similar to caps 112 and 114 includes projections 156 along the cap surface 158 to promote thermal radiation.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates another embodiment of a lamp of the present invention identical to the embodiment of FIG. 2 with the exception of the configuration of the inner wall of the end caps, and recessed cavities formed thereby, only one end cap being illustrated.
  • an inner wall of each end cap 112, 114 is meniscus (dish) shaped at walls 160 and 162.
  • the inner walls 164 and 166 of end cap 168 of lamp 170 are flat.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 5 is identical to the embodiment of FIG. 6 with the exception of the inner walls 164 and 166.
  • the reservoirs formed at cavities 124 and 126 control the melt temperature within the lamp 100.
  • the cavities 124 and 126 are closer to the lamp discharge volume, and therefore the lamp arc, than are the capillaries formed by the capillary sections 132 and 134, and as such are the hottest reservoirs provided for the salt condensate thereby controlling the vapor pressure and composition of the gases within the lamp during lamp operation.
  • the condensate does not wet the inner wall 122 and cause a film of salt on the interior of the arc chamber.
  • vapor material for the plasma within the enclosed volume 104 may be provided at constant pressure, but without condensate coating the light emitting portions of the clear sapphire and impeding light transmission.
  • This provides a more color stable source and one substantially free of flicker which is important for optical applications such as use of the metal halide lamp as a headlight or projector source.
  • a source of lamp flicker is introduced when the film of salt moves during lamp operation.
  • FIG. 6 is identical to FIG. 2 and has been included so that the lamp dimensions can be clearly shown.
  • a single-crystal aluminum oxide (sapphire) cylindrical tubular portion 106 was obtained having a 3.15 millimeters outer diameter 172 and a 1.5 millimeters inner diameter 174.
  • Tubular portions of this type are available from Saphikon, Inc.
  • the tubular portion was cut into 10 millimeter lengths 176.
  • Polycrystalline alumina end caps 112 and 114 were formed using high purity aluminum oxide powder (CR6, Baikowski) (less than 500 ppm impurities) doped with 200 ppm MgO + 20 ppm Y 2 O 3 + 400 ppm ZrO 2 as sintering aids.
  • the doped alumina powder was mixed with a wax binder and molded to form the caps 112 and 114, including the capillary sections 132 and 134.
  • the caps so formed were fired in air to 1000 degrees Celsius to remove the binder and strengthen and maintain the shape of the caps.
  • the caps 112 and 114 were then placed onto respective ends 108 and 110 of the tubular portion 106 and fired vertically at 1330 degrees Celsius in air causing partial densification and shrinkage, thereby locking the caps onto the tubular portion.
  • the length 178 of the end caps 112, 114 was 21.4 millimeters and the thickness 180 was 0.85 millimeters.
  • the diameter 182 of each respective cavity 124, 126 was 3.9 millimeters and the depth 184 was 0.7 millimeters.
  • the length 178 was 16.3 millimeters
  • the thickness 180 was 0.65 millimeters
  • the diameter 182 was 3.15 millimeters
  • the depth 184 was 0.5 millimeters.
  • the degree of shrinkage can be controlled.
  • the degree of shrinkage and hence the final volume of the cavities 124, 126 will depend upon the volume of fill condensate the cavities will be expected to accommodate to prevent condensate interference with lamp operation.
  • the depth 184 will be about 0.1 to 0.25 times the diameter 172 of the sapphire tube 106, preferably 0.1 times such diameter. Since the depth 184 is so small, the thermal gradient across the hottest melt pool is reduced. Consequently, the solubility gradient is reduced and corrosion should be reduced. In addition, since the gradient is reduced, the vapor pressure above the salt is more precisely defined, and the lamp is more color stable.
  • Electrodes 116 were inserted through the capillary sections 132 and 134, respectively and sealed in place using the glass frit 148. Electrodes 116 were 5 millimeters in length and 0.25 millimeters in diameter. The length of the lamp discharae volume 146 was 4.2 millimeters nominal. Prior to final sealing, the lamp was dosed in a conventional manner with a mercury-free highly volatile chemical fill material 128 and filled with xenon, an inert gas. Other rare gases and mixtures may be used. The lamp 100 was then hermetically sealed in a conventional manner.
  • the chemical fill of the lamp of the present invention will typically be a highly volatile fill material by which is meant that during lamp operation fill material vaporizes in the arc stream region, and excess fill material migrates to and condenses in the recessed subportion(s) of the enclosed volume of the lamp.
  • the chemical fill of the present invention can include gallium, indium, thallium and aluminum halides, as for example, GaI 3 , InI, InI 3 , AlI 3 and TlI. Rare earth halides may also be used.
  • the lamp of the present invention is particularly useful as a mercury-free lamp, mercury can be included in the chemical fill if desired. An example would be the use of mercury halides.
  • fill materials may be combined with other salts such as scandium halides or rare earth halides.
  • the present invention is not limited to any particular fill material so long as the fill material vaporizes in the main portion of the lamp and condenses in the recessed subportion as described herein.
  • the lamp of the present invention and conventional silica lamps dosed with high concentrations of easily vaporized salts were tested and the results compared. All of the lamps were tested on a 500 Hz square wave ballast capable of developing 500 VOC and delivering more than 2 amperes.
  • the fills in two of the conventional silica lamps tested were 1 mg GaI 3 , 0.34 mg of Type 4 rare earth chemistry (19.5% DyI 3 , 19.5% HoI 3 , 19.5% TmI 3 , 32.5% NaI and 9.0% TlI by weight) and 8 bar Xenon.
  • the fill of a third silica lamp tested was 1 mg GaI 3 , 0.8 mg InI, 0.24 mg of the same Type 4 rare earth chemistry and 8 bar Xenon.
  • the volume of each silica lamp tested was about 23 mm 3 .
  • each lamp would start at room temperature, but the Gallium and Indium halides would vaporize too rapidly.
  • the vaporized fill had no place to go except into the vapor state, there being no colder region to allow for re-condensing of the vaporized fill.
  • lamp voltage rose rapidly due to wild and uncontrolled impedance changes in the lamp, causing the lamp to extinguish and leave salt residue all over the interior surface of the arc chamber.
  • a lamp of the present invention of the type illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 6, was fabricated using the method and dimensions described above. Whereas the volume of the silica lamps tested was about 23 mm 3 , the volume of the lamp of the present invention was smaller than about 19.5 mm 3 . Yet, the lamp of the present invention was dosed with a chemical fill of 4 mg of InI, 1 mg of NaI and 5 bar of Xenon. The average density of salt within the enclosed volume 104 was about 5g/cc or 5 mg/mm 3 . The volume of each cavity 124 and 126 was about 0.5 mm 3 . Therefore, each cavity 124 and 126 could contain roughly half of the salt dose amount, or the full amount in both.
  • the salt zone migrated to the cavities 124 and 126, which provided remote colder regions for the salt to recondense in. It is in this manner that the salt zone was removed from the arc stream region 146 allowing the main discharge chamber to heat less rapidly than in the silica lamp. This avoided the depositing of salt residue on the interior surface of the arc chamber.
  • the lamp operated in a stable fashion for hours. Although some of the salt condensed in the capillaries formed by the capillary regions 132, 134, the temperature distribution was such that the salt in the cavities 124, 126 was at a higher temperature than the salt in the capillary regions, such higher temperature salt controlling the vapor pressure inside of the lamp.
  • the lamp of the present invention allows for the use of at least 6 to 7 times as much salt on a per-volume basis in the enclosed volume of the lamp than in a conventional silica lamp.
  • This ability to dose at a higher salt level ultimately permits operation of the lamp at a higher voltage without the need for mercury, although mercury can be included in the fill if desired.
  • the higher salt density in the vapor which can be achieved in a stable fashion, provides improved radiation properties.
  • FIG. 7 The spectral output of the foregoing tested lamp of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • the voltages seen in the mercury free conventional silica lamps with voltage enhancing additive are about 42V. Higher voltages may be achieved with reduced lamp efficacy at the onset of instability. In the lamp of the present invention, voltages on the order of 60V with stable operation are routinely seen. The higher voltage translates into less amperage for the required power levels, the lamp having the characteristics illustrated in FIG. 7 being 35W. This means that electrodes developed for use in mercury containing lamps may be used without fear of meltback or evaporation.
  • the lower voltage silica lamps require about twice the steady state current and may have problems with excessive wall darkening due to elevated electrode tip temperature. For example, a mercury containing 35W headlamp operates at about 82V with 0.44 A.

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  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
EP03010898A 2002-05-16 2003-05-15 Elektrische Lampe mit Kondensatreservoir und Verfahren zum Betrieb derselben Withdrawn EP1363313A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US38094602P 2002-05-16 2002-05-16
US380946P 2002-05-16
US247057 2002-09-19
US10/247,057 US20040056600A1 (en) 2002-09-19 2002-09-19 Electric lamp with condensate reservoir and method of operation thereof

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1363313A2 true EP1363313A2 (de) 2003-11-19
EP1363313A3 EP1363313A3 (de) 2006-08-30

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EP03010898A Withdrawn EP1363313A3 (de) 2002-05-16 2003-05-15 Elektrische Lampe mit Kondensatreservoir und Verfahren zum Betrieb derselben

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EP (1) EP1363313A3 (de)
JP (1) JP2004006357A (de)
KR (1) KR20030089470A (de)
CN (1) CN1458664A (de)
CA (1) CA2422433A1 (de)

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EP1398823A2 (de) * 2002-09-13 2004-03-17 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Hochdruckentladungslampe für Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfer
US7132797B2 (en) 2002-12-18 2006-11-07 General Electric Company Hermetical end-to-end sealing techniques and lamp having uniquely sealed components
US7215081B2 (en) 2002-12-18 2007-05-08 General Electric Company HID lamp having material free dosing tube seal
US7358666B2 (en) 2004-09-29 2008-04-15 General Electric Company System and method for sealing high intensity discharge lamps
WO2008057678A2 (en) * 2006-11-06 2008-05-15 General Electric Company An arc tube for a high intensity discharge lamp
US7378799B2 (en) 2005-11-29 2008-05-27 General Electric Company High intensity discharge lamp having compliant seal
US7432657B2 (en) 2005-06-30 2008-10-07 General Electric Company Ceramic lamp having shielded niobium end cap and systems and methods therewith
WO2009080413A1 (de) * 2007-12-20 2009-07-02 Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Entladungsgefäss für eine hochdruckentladungslampe
US7615929B2 (en) 2005-06-30 2009-11-10 General Electric Company Ceramic lamps and methods of making same
US7839089B2 (en) 2002-12-18 2010-11-23 General Electric Company Hermetical lamp sealing techniques and lamp having uniquely sealed components
US7852006B2 (en) 2005-06-30 2010-12-14 General Electric Company Ceramic lamp having molybdenum-rhenium end cap and systems and methods therewith
US8035304B2 (en) 2008-03-06 2011-10-11 General Electric Company Ceramic high intensity discharge lamp having uniquely shaped shoulder
US8299709B2 (en) 2007-02-05 2012-10-30 General Electric Company Lamp having axially and radially graded structure

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JP2006120599A (ja) * 2004-09-21 2006-05-11 Osram Melco Toshiba Lighting Kk 金属蒸気放電ランプおよび金属蒸気放電ランプ点灯装置
US20080001543A1 (en) * 2004-10-29 2008-01-03 Takahito Kashiwagi Metal Halide Lamp and Lighting Equipment
JP2006310185A (ja) * 2005-04-28 2006-11-09 Osram Melco Toshiba Lighting Kk 金属蒸気放電ランプ
US7728495B2 (en) * 2007-08-01 2010-06-01 Osram Sylvania Inc. HID lamp with frit seal thermal control
DE102007045079A1 (de) * 2007-09-21 2009-04-02 Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Hochdruckentladungslampe
US8203269B2 (en) * 2010-06-03 2012-06-19 General Electric Company Compact metal halide lamp with salt pool container at its arc tube endparts

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EP0954010A1 (de) * 1998-04-28 1999-11-03 General Electric Company Keramic Entladungsgefäss für eine Entladungslampe

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GB502321A (en) * 1937-07-09 1939-03-15 Philips Nv Improvements in electric discharge tubes
US3892993A (en) * 1973-02-16 1975-07-01 Philips Corp High pressure discharge lamp
US3989970A (en) * 1974-12-19 1976-11-02 General Electric Company Metal halide high-intensity discharge lamp having improved restart capability
US4295074A (en) * 1979-03-21 1981-10-13 Rca Corporation Mercury arc lamp having communicating mercury reservoir
EP0335202A2 (de) * 1988-03-28 1989-10-04 TUNGSRAM Részvénytársaság Hochdruck-Entladungslampe, insbesondere Hochdrucknatriumdampflampe
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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1398823A3 (de) * 2002-09-13 2006-04-19 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Hochdruckentladungslampe für Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfer
EP1398823A2 (de) * 2002-09-13 2004-03-17 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Hochdruckentladungslampe für Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfer
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US7892061B2 (en) 2002-12-18 2011-02-22 General Electric Company Hermetical lamp sealing techniques and lamp having uniquely sealed components
US7839089B2 (en) 2002-12-18 2010-11-23 General Electric Company Hermetical lamp sealing techniques and lamp having uniquely sealed components
US7443091B2 (en) 2002-12-18 2008-10-28 General Electric Company Hermetical lamp sealing techniques and lamp having uniquely sealed components
US7358666B2 (en) 2004-09-29 2008-04-15 General Electric Company System and method for sealing high intensity discharge lamps
US7432657B2 (en) 2005-06-30 2008-10-07 General Electric Company Ceramic lamp having shielded niobium end cap and systems and methods therewith
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US8299709B2 (en) 2007-02-05 2012-10-30 General Electric Company Lamp having axially and radially graded structure
WO2009080413A1 (de) * 2007-12-20 2009-07-02 Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Entladungsgefäss für eine hochdruckentladungslampe
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JP2004006357A (ja) 2004-01-08
KR20030089470A (ko) 2003-11-21
CN1458664A (zh) 2003-11-26
CA2422433A1 (en) 2003-11-16
EP1363313A3 (de) 2006-08-30

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