EP1361624A1 - Antenna of polygonal shape - Google Patents

Antenna of polygonal shape Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1361624A1
EP1361624A1 EP20030009090 EP03009090A EP1361624A1 EP 1361624 A1 EP1361624 A1 EP 1361624A1 EP 20030009090 EP20030009090 EP 20030009090 EP 03009090 A EP03009090 A EP 03009090A EP 1361624 A1 EP1361624 A1 EP 1361624A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
antenna according
conductive
triangle
side edges
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20030009090
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1361624B1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Wendel
Peter-Sebastian Schramm
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Hirschmann Electronics GmbH and Co KG
Hirschmann Electronics GmbH
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Hirschmann Electronics GmbH and Co KG
Hirschmann Electronics GmbH
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Publication of EP1361624A1 publication Critical patent/EP1361624A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/40—Element having extended radiating surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna, in particular an antenna for reception digital terrestrial signals such as DVB-T signals, according to the characteristics of the Preamble of claim 1.
  • the radio waves emitted by transmitters via antennas, e.g. Rod antennas.
  • the antenna in particular the Marconi antenna, known per se, was on ⁇ / 4 of the radio waves tuned so that there is sufficient bandwidth for television reception was possible.
  • the previously transmitted analog signals had disadvantages, especially with regard to the quality of the images received and the Scope of the signal content, so that a switch from the analog to the digital signals. Therefore, previously known antenna systems are not more suitable for digital signal reception. Because the previously known antennas are mainly polarized horizontally, they are not for digital Suitable signal reception, since these digital signals are broadcast vertically. These antennas (for example Yagi) also build very large and have disadvantageously a preferred direction.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of an antenna system for the To provide reception especially digital terrestrial signals that are small and is inexpensive and a constant over the entire frequency range high profit and good adaptation as well as omnidirectional characteristics.
  • the antenna structure has the basic shape of a has an acute-angled triangle, the side edges of which at least once have a pointed course. Due to the pointed shape of the side edges realized a significantly improved Marconi antenna, which is a very high one Has bandwidth. For example, a bandwidth can be set in the DVB-T area from about 470 MHz to 862 MHz. It also gets through this Antenna structure according to the invention achieves the required high adaptation. As well the antenna has a typical gain of +1.5 dB compared to a ⁇ / 2 dipole over the entire frequency range and also a very good one Omnidirectional and flat radiation pattern. Furthermore from The advantage that the antenna structure is completely without matching elements (such as coils or the like.) because their base impedance is close to a real 75-ohm value lies. This results in low losses with very little effort.
  • the antenna structure is made of one Carrier structure-forming circuit board coated and formed conductive copper. So the antenna consists only of the antenna structure (radiator) and associated ground plane, where appropriate in continuations within the Ground plane structures can be present that are suppression of Cause jacket waves.
  • This simple and basic structure enables the Antenna very easily from an etched or milled board, a wire bridge and a connection socket can be manufactured alone. This is a huge advantage regarding the manufacturing costs.
  • the figure shows from 1 to 6 the development of the antenna according to the invention, wherein the framework conditions to be presented have been taken into account.
  • a rectangle 1 is shown, which takes into account the receiving frequency range the available dimensions in principle shows.
  • the dimensions of the rectangle depend on the design, if the antenna is used as an indoor antenna and does not have a large installation space should take in order not to disturb the optics.
  • the optimal antenna structure results from a structure shown in FIG. 4 is.
  • the side edges 4 of the acute-angled triangle 3 have at least one once pointed course, wherein the pointed course is formed by Side edges 5, 6 or, in the case of repeated pointed shapes, also through Side edges 7, 8.
  • the side edges 5, 6 and 7, 8 proceed from the (partly shown in dash-dotted lines) side edge 4, whereby it is not exactly from the Side edge 4 must go out, but also directly adjacent from their vicinity.
  • the antenna structure is one basic axis 9 of the triangle 3 drawn in dashed lines, mirror-symmetrical, where in the antenna structure shown in Figure 4 due to the two pointed shape gives an eleven-sided antenna structure. It has pointed out that this eleven-sided antenna structure for the application Frequency range not only the required constant gain and above has the required good adaptation, but also one towards known antennas has unusual, very high profit.
  • the antenna structure shown in FIG. 5 and its associated ground plane consist of a conductive copper, which is on a circuit board (non-conductive Support structure) is arranged.
  • a circuit board non-conductive Support structure
  • Such an antenna can still be used with a Provide protective surface (such as, for example, overmolded with plastic) or be arranged in a housing.
  • FIG. 6 shows an antenna structure, as already shown in FIG. 5, with the provided with the same reference numbers and explained.
  • the antenna structure shown in FIG. 6 on the non-conductive support structure (board) on another base 13, the via an electrical connection 14 and with the conductor track 12, for example with the socket arranged on the board (not shown) is connected.
  • This further base point 13 serves that for a further frequency range, especially band III, another antenna, especially a rod-shaped one Antenna 15, can be connected.
  • This additional antenna can for example on the non-conductive support structure or starting from that another base 13 as a rod-shaped structure detached from the non-conductive Support structure can be arranged.
  • the latter alternative has the advantage that the antenna 15 via a corresponding connection (for example ball joint) in the Area of the further base point 13 regardless of the rest of the antenna structure can be aligned.
  • FIG. 6 also shows that parallel or approximately parallel to the side edges 5, 6 and / or 7, 8 a conductive area 16 and in between non-conductive area 17 is present.
  • This conductive area can on the non-conductive support structure (circuit board) or as a separate component (for Example wire bridge). It has been shown in measurements that the (as shown for example in Figure 5) conductive center area between the Side edges 5 to 8 is low in current and therefore only insignificant for the function of the Antenna structure contributes. It is therefore sufficient if they are roughly parallel to the Side edges 5 to 8 existing areas as conductive areas that are live are trained. The resulting intermediate area (not more conductive Area 17) remains free or can be used for the arrangement of the antenna 15.
  • the basic structure is a self-similar Structure
  • its final dimensions to the special compact Dimensions that depend on the available space and the frequency range to be applied, adapted and decisive from one purely self-similar structure is changed. That means that the antenna structure only with these special radiator and mass dimensions is usable.
  • Your shape is in other words, a structure that is optimized for the parameters mentioned at the beginning Effectiveness from the combination according to the invention of a modified one self-similar structure and the possible deviations from this in favor the mechanical size.
  • the basic principle of the antenna is a radiator that is built into each other three times, each with a different size.
  • the shape of the Single spotlight is a spearhead that can be distinguished by a good one Broadband characterizes.
  • the dimensions are optimized without losing the broadband effect.
  • the structure is rectangular, printed on one side PCB possible.
  • This antenna can easily be placed in an upright housing can be installed, which can be used as a vertically polarized indoor antenna easy to make. It is also outstanding as a portable DVB-T antenna suitable.
  • the signal is supplied from the Spotlight base (lower tip of the elf) to the socket on which the coaxial cable is attached, whereby an asymmetrical parallel line is realized. This leads through the ground plane to the socket soldering point.
  • the ground surface is thereby split to form single areas with different currents prevent, the two mass parts are electrically connected by wire bridges, so that the bridge lies over the parallel wire line.
  • the structure of the Ground surface 11 of importance. It is not self-similar, but it can cannot be changed arbitrarily without the antenna radiating poorly.
  • the Ground surface 11 thus provides optimal use of the very small Available area, but ensuring their electrical function is.
  • the mass (ground surface 11) as a counterweight to the radiator must be large. Otherwise the antenna looks for the ground on the connecting cable. Therefore broad sheathed waves on the connected feed cable of this antenna, which are eliminated by a jacket wave barrier or at least kept away from the cable Need to become.
  • the standing wave barrier can be replaced by a ferrite on the power cable Socket of the antenna or through a ferrite on a piece of coaxial cable, which part of the parallel wire line can be replaced. You can also by a printed circuit of inductor and capacitor on the non-conductive Support structure can be realized. To realize an active execution of the Antenna system, it is conceivable within the area of the antenna mass between the antenna (antenna structure), which can also be implemented there, one for example to accommodate antenna amplifiers consisting of SMD components.

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Abstract

A multiangular antenna is made as a printed circuit and has a basic triangular form (3) with protruding sides (5, 6) (7, 8) symmetrical about the axis (9) and connection at the foot (10) through the ground plane (11) and can comprise a conducting margin with insulating inner region with additional rod antenna and integrated sheath wave filter. Includes Independent claims for addition of a rod antenna to provide and additional operating band and the use of an integrated sheath wave filter.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Antenne, insbesondere eine Antenne für den Empfang digitaler terrestrischer Signale wie DVB-T Signale, gemäß den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to an antenna, in particular an antenna for reception digital terrestrial signals such as DVB-T signals, according to the characteristics of the Preamble of claim 1.

Bisher war es bekannt, daß die von Sendern abgestrahlten Funkwellen (Signale) über Antennen, wie z.B. Stabantennen, empfangen werden. Die Antenne, insbesondere die an sich bekannte Marconi-Antenne, war auf λ/4 der Funkwellen abgestimmt, so daß damit eine ausreichende Bandbreite für den Fernsehempfang möglich war. Die bisher abgestrahlten analogen Signale hatten jedoch Nachteile, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Qualität der empfangenen Bilder und des Umfanges der Signalinhalte, so daß eine Umstellung von den analogen hin zu den digitalen Signalen erfolgt. Von daher sind bisher bekannte Antennensysteme nicht mehr geeignet für den digitalen Signalempfang. Da die bisher bekannten Antennen hauptsächlich horizontal polarisiert sind, sind sie nicht für den digitalen Signalempfang geeignet, da diese digitalen Signale vertikal ausgestrahlt werden. Diese Antennen (zum Beipiel Yagi) bauen außerdem sehr groß und haben nachteiligerweise eine Vorzugsrichtung. Weiterhin benötigt man für den Empfang digitaler Fernsehsignale nur einen geringen Pegel, um ein einwandfreies Bild zu erhalten. Ist der Pegel allerdings zu gering, erhält man gar kein Ausgangssignal (Bild, Ton). Hierfür waren Stabantennen zwar geeignet, allerdings haben diese nicht die erforderlichen Empfangseigenschaften und benötigen einen zu großen Platzbedarf.It was previously known that the radio waves (signals) emitted by transmitters via antennas, e.g. Rod antennas. The antenna, in particular the Marconi antenna, known per se, was on λ / 4 of the radio waves tuned so that there is sufficient bandwidth for television reception was possible. However, the previously transmitted analog signals had disadvantages, especially with regard to the quality of the images received and the Scope of the signal content, so that a switch from the analog to the digital signals. Therefore, previously known antenna systems are not more suitable for digital signal reception. Because the previously known antennas are mainly polarized horizontally, they are not for digital Suitable signal reception, since these digital signals are broadcast vertically. These antennas (for example Yagi) also build very large and have disadvantageously a preferred direction. You also need for the reception digital television signals only a low level to get a perfect picture receive. However, if the level is too low, no output signal is obtained (Picture, sound). Rod antennas were suitable for this, but they have not the required reception properties and require one that is too large Space requirements.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Antennensystem für den Empfang insbesondere digitaler terrestrischer Signale bereitzustellen, die klein und kostengünstig ist sowie über den gesamten Frequenzbereich einen konstanten hohen Gewinn und eine gute Anpassung sowie Rundstrahlcharakteristik aufweist.The invention is therefore based on the object of an antenna system for the To provide reception especially digital terrestrial signals that are small and is inexpensive and a constant over the entire frequency range high profit and good adaptation as well as omnidirectional characteristics.

Diese Aufgabe ist durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst.This object is solved by the features of claim 1.

Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, daß die Antennenstruktur die Grundform eines spitzwinkligen Dreieckes aufweist, dessen Seitenkanten einen zumindest einmal spitzförmigen Verlauf haben. Durch den spitzförmigen Verlauf der Seitenkanten wird eine wesentlich verbesserte Marconi-Antenne realisiert, die eine sehr hohe Bandbreite hat. So läßt sich beispielsweise in dem DVB-T-Bereich eine Bandbreite von etwa 470 MHz bis 862 MHz erreichen. Außerdem wird durch diese erfindungsgemäße Antennenstruktur die geforderte hohe Anpassung erzielt. Ebenso hat die Antenne einen typischen Gewinn von +1,5 dB gegenüber einem λ/2-Dipol über den gesamten Frequenzbereich und zusätzlich eine sehr gute Rundstrahlcharakteristik sowie flache Abstrahlcharakteristik. Weiterhin ist von Vorteil, daß die Antennenstruktur völlig ohne Anpaßglieder (wie z.B. Spulen oder dergl.) auskommt, da ihre Fußpunktimpedanz nahe einem reellen 75-Ohm-Wert liegt. Dadurch erhält man mit einem sehr geringen Aufwand geringe Verluste.According to the invention it is provided that the antenna structure has the basic shape of a has an acute-angled triangle, the side edges of which at least once have a pointed course. Due to the pointed shape of the side edges realized a significantly improved Marconi antenna, which is a very high one Has bandwidth. For example, a bandwidth can be set in the DVB-T area from about 470 MHz to 862 MHz. It also gets through this Antenna structure according to the invention achieves the required high adaptation. As well the antenna has a typical gain of +1.5 dB compared to a λ / 2 dipole over the entire frequency range and also a very good one Omnidirectional and flat radiation pattern. Furthermore from The advantage that the antenna structure is completely without matching elements (such as coils or the like.) because their base impedance is close to a real 75-ohm value lies. This results in low losses with very little effort.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist die Antennenstruktur aus auf einer die Trägerstruktur darstellenden Platine beschichteten und leitfähigem Kupfer gebildet. Damit besteht die Antenne lediglich aus der Antennenstruktur (Strahler) und der zugehörigen Massefläche, wobei gegebenenfalls in Weiterführungen innerhalb der Massefläche Strukturen vorhanden sein können, die eine Unterdrückung von Mantelwellen bewirken. Durch diesen einfachen und grundlegenden Aufbau kann die Antenne sehr leicht aus einer geätzten oder gefrästen Platine, einer Drahtbrücke und einer Anschlußbuchse allein gefertigt werden. Dies stellt einen großen Vorteil bezüglich der Fertigungskosten dar.In a further development of the invention, the antenna structure is made of one Carrier structure-forming circuit board coated and formed conductive copper. So the antenna consists only of the antenna structure (radiator) and associated ground plane, where appropriate in continuations within the Ground plane structures can be present that are suppression of Cause jacket waves. This simple and basic structure enables the Antenna very easily from an etched or milled board, a wire bridge and a connection socket can be manufactured alone. This is a huge advantage regarding the manufacturing costs.

Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung, aus denen sich entsprechende Vorteile ergeben, sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben und im Zusammenhang mit der folgenden Figurenbeschreibung erläutert. Further refinements of the invention, from which there are corresponding advantages result, are specified in the subclaims and in connection with the following figure description explained.

Die Figur zeigt von 1 bis 6 die Entwicklung der erfindungsgemäßen Antenne, wobei die noch darzustellenden Rahmenbedingungen berücksichtigt worden sind.The figure shows from 1 to 6 the development of the antenna according to the invention, wherein the framework conditions to be presented have been taken into account.

In Figur 1 ist ein Rechteck 1 gezeigt, welches unter Berücksichtigung des zu empfangenden Frequenzbereiches die zur Verfügung stehenden Ausmaße prinzipiell zeigt. Außerdem richten sich die Ausmaße des Rechteckes nach dem Design, wenn die Antenne als Zimmerantenne eingesetzt wird und keinen großen Bauraum einnehmen soll, um die Optik nicht zu stören.In Figure 1, a rectangle 1 is shown, which takes into account the receiving frequency range the available dimensions in principle shows. In addition, the dimensions of the rectangle depend on the design, if the antenna is used as an indoor antenna and does not have a large installation space should take in order not to disturb the optics.

Da ein solches Rechteck 1 noch nicht die gewünschten Eigenschaften aufweist, kann daran gedacht werden, das Rechteck gemäß Figur 2 mit einer Spitze zu versehen, um zu dem mit einem Dach versehenen rechteckförmigen Gebilde 2 gemäß Figur 2 zu kommen. Damit verbessern sich zwar die Empfangseigenschaften und auch die Bandbreite, wobei sie jedoch immer noch nicht die gewünschten Erfordernisse erfüllen.Since such a rectangle 1 does not yet have the desired properties, can be thought of the rectangle according to Figure 2 with a tip provided to the roof-shaped rectangular structure 2 to come according to Figure 2. This improves the reception properties and bandwidth, but still not the ones you want Meet requirements.

Daher bietet es sich an, gemäß Figur 3 ein spitzwinkliges Dreieck 3 mit Seitenkanten 4 einzusetzen. Damit sind gegenüber den vorangegangenen Antennenstrukturen die Empfangseigenschaften weiter verbessert, jedoch noch nicht optimal.It is therefore appropriate, according to FIG. 3, to form an acute-angled triangle 3 with side edges 4 use. This is the opposite of the previous antenna structures Reception characteristics further improved, but not yet optimal.

Die optimale Antennenstruktur ergibt sich aus einer Struktur, die in Figur 4 gezeigt ist. Dabei weisen die Seitenkanten 4 des spitzwinkligen Dreieckes 3 einen zumindest einmal spitzförmigen Verlauf auf, wobei der spitzförmige Verlauf gebildet ist durch Seitenkanten 5, 6 bzw. bei mehrmaligem spitzfömigen Verlauf auch durch Seitenkanten 7, 8. Dabei gehen die Seitenkanten 5, 6 bzw. 7, 8 aus von der (teilweise strichpunktiert gezeichnet) Seitenkante 4, wobei sie nicht genau von der Seitenkante 4 ausgehen müssen, sondern auch direkt benachbart aus deren Nähe.The optimal antenna structure results from a structure shown in FIG. 4 is. The side edges 4 of the acute-angled triangle 3 have at least one once pointed course, wherein the pointed course is formed by Side edges 5, 6 or, in the case of repeated pointed shapes, also through Side edges 7, 8. The side edges 5, 6 and 7, 8 proceed from the (partly shown in dash-dotted lines) side edge 4, whereby it is not exactly from the Side edge 4 must go out, but also directly adjacent from their vicinity.

In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist die Antennenstruktur zu einer gestrichelt eingezeichneten Grundachse 9 des Dreieckes 3 spiegelsymmetrisch, wobei sich bei der in Figur 4 gezeigten Antennenstruktur aufgrund des zweimaligen spitzförmigen Verlaufes eine elfeckige Antennenstruktur ergibt. Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß diese elfeckige Antennenstruktur für den anzuwendenden Frequenzbereich nicht nur den erforderlichen konstanten Gewinn und darüber hinaus die erforderliche gute Anpassung aufweist, sondern auch einen gegenüber bekannten Antennen ungewöhnlichen, sehr hohen Gewinn hat.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the antenna structure is one basic axis 9 of the triangle 3 drawn in dashed lines, mirror-symmetrical, where in the antenna structure shown in Figure 4 due to the two pointed shape gives an eleven-sided antenna structure. It has pointed out that this eleven-sided antenna structure for the application Frequency range not only the required constant gain and above has the required good adaptation, but also one towards known antennas has unusual, very high profit.

In Figur 5 ist schließlich noch dargestellt, daß eine Spitze des Dreieckes 3 einen Fußpunkt 10 der Antenne bildet. Um diesen Fußpunkt 10 herum ist eine Massefläche 11 angeordnet. Innerhalb dieser Massefläche 11 verläuft, ohne eine Verbindung zu der Massefläche 11, ausgehend von dem Fußpunkt 10 eine Leiterbahn 12, an deren Ende eine Verbindung, insbesondere eine Buchse, angeordnet wird, um die Antenne mit einem Gerät, insbesondere einem Verstärker, das die empfangenen Signale verarbeitet, zu verbinden.In Figure 5 is finally shown that a tip of the triangle 3 one Base 10 of the antenna forms. Around this base 10 there is a Ground surface 11 arranged. Within this ground plane 11 runs without one Connection to the ground surface 11, starting from the base 10 a Conductor track 12, at the end of which a connection, in particular a socket, is arranged to the antenna with a device, in particular an amplifier, that processes the received signals.

Die in Figur 5 gezeigte Antennenstruktur und deren zugehörige Massefläche bestehen aus einem leitfähigen Kupfer, welches auf einer Platine (nicht leitfähige Trägerstruktur) angeordnet ist. Eine solche Antenne kann noch mit einer Schutzoberfläche versehen (wie beispielsweise mit Kunststoff umspritzt werden) oder in einem Gehäuse angeordnet werden.The antenna structure shown in FIG. 5 and its associated ground plane consist of a conductive copper, which is on a circuit board (non-conductive Support structure) is arranged. Such an antenna can still be used with a Provide protective surface (such as, for example, overmolded with plastic) or be arranged in a housing.

Figur 6 zeigt eine Antennenstruktur, wie sie schon in Figur 5 gezeigt, mit den gleichen Bezugsziffern versehen und erläutert worden ist. Im Gegensatz zu der in Figur 5 gezeigten Antennenstruktur weist die in Figur 6 gezeigte Antennenstruktur auf der nicht leitfähigen Trägerstruktur (Platine) einen weiteren Fußpunkt 13 auf, der über eine elektrische Verbindung 14 sowie mit der Leiterbahn 12 zum Beispiel mit der auf der Platine angeordneten Buchse (nicht dargestellt) verbunden ist. Dieser weitere Fußpunkt 13 dient dazu, daß für einen weiteren Frequenzbereich, insbesondere Band III, eine weitere Antenne, insbesondere eine stabförmige Antenne 15, angeschlossen werden kann. Diese weitere Antenne kann beispielsweise auf der nicht leitfähigen Trägerstruktur oder ausgehend von dem weiteren Fußpunkt 13 als stabförmiges Gebilde losgelöst von der nicht leitfähigen Trägerstruktur angeordnet sein. Die letztgenannte Alternative hat den Vorteil, daß die Antenne 15 über eine entsprechende Verbindung (zum Beispiel Kugelgelenk) im Bereich des weiteren Fußpunktes 13 unabhängig von der übrigen Antennenstruktur ausgerichtet werden kann. FIG. 6 shows an antenna structure, as already shown in FIG. 5, with the provided with the same reference numbers and explained. In contrast to that in FIG. 5 shows the antenna structure shown in FIG. 6 on the non-conductive support structure (board) on another base 13, the via an electrical connection 14 and with the conductor track 12, for example with the socket arranged on the board (not shown) is connected. This further base point 13 serves that for a further frequency range, especially band III, another antenna, especially a rod-shaped one Antenna 15, can be connected. This additional antenna can for example on the non-conductive support structure or starting from that another base 13 as a rod-shaped structure detached from the non-conductive Support structure can be arranged. The latter alternative has the advantage that the antenna 15 via a corresponding connection (for example ball joint) in the Area of the further base point 13 regardless of the rest of the antenna structure can be aligned.

Alternativ oder ergänzend ist in Figur 6 noch gezeigt, daß parallel oder in etwa prallel zu den Seitenkanten 5, 6 und/oder 7, 8 ein leitfähiger Bereich 16 und dazwischen ein nicht leitfähiger Bereich 17 vorhanden ist. Zusätzlich ist zur Sicherstellung der elektrischen Eigenschaften der beiderseitige leitfähige Bereich 16 am oberen Abschluß der Antennenstruktur durch einen weiteren leitfähigen Bereich, insbesondere eine leitfähige Brücke, 18, verbunden. Dieser leitfähige Bereich kann auf der nicht leitfähigen Trägerstruktur (Platine) oder als separates Bauteil (zum Beispiel Drahtbrücke) ausgebildet sein. Es hat sich bei Messungen gezeigt, daß der (wie beispielsweise in Figur 5 gezeigt) leitfähige Mittenbereich zwischen den Seitenkanten 5 bis 8 stromarm ist und somit nur unwesentlich zur Funktion der Antennenstruktur beiträgt. Deshalb reicht es aus, wenn die in etwa parallel zu den Seitenkanten 5 bis 8 vorhandenen Bereiche als leitfähige Bereiche, die stromführend sind, ausgebildet sind. Der so entstehende Zwischenbereich (nicht leitfähiger Bereich 17) bleibt frei bzw. kann für die Anordnung der Antenne 15 genutzt werden.As an alternative or in addition, FIG. 6 also shows that parallel or approximately parallel to the side edges 5, 6 and / or 7, 8 a conductive area 16 and in between non-conductive area 17 is present. In addition, the electrical properties of the mutually conductive area 16 at the top Termination of the antenna structure by a further conductive area, in particular a conductive bridge, 18, connected. This conductive area can on the non-conductive support structure (circuit board) or as a separate component (for Example wire bridge). It has been shown in measurements that the (as shown for example in Figure 5) conductive center area between the Side edges 5 to 8 is low in current and therefore only insignificant for the function of the Antenna structure contributes. It is therefore sufficient if they are roughly parallel to the Side edges 5 to 8 existing areas as conductive areas that are live are trained. The resulting intermediate area (not more conductive Area 17) remains free or can be used for the arrangement of the antenna 15.

Zusammenfassend beruht bezüglich der erfindungsgemäßen Antennenstruktur die elektrisch wirksame Neuerung darauf, daß die Grundstruktur eine selbstähnliche Struktur ist, deren endgültige Abmessungen an die speziellen kompakten Abmessungen, die vom zur Verfügung stehenden Bauraum und dem anzuwendenden Frequenzbereich herrühren, angepaßt und entscheidend von einer rein selbstähnlichen Struktur abgeändert ist. Das heißt, daß die Antennenstruktur nur mit diesen speziellen Strahler- und Masseabmessungen brauchbar ist. Ihre Form ist also eine auf die eingangs genannten Parameter optimierte Struktur, die ihre Wirksamkeit aus der erfindungsgemäßen Kombination einer abgewandelten selbstähnlichen Struktur und den möglichen Abweichungen von dieser zugunsten der mechanischen Größe erhält. Das Grundprinzip der Antenne ist ein Strahler, der dreimal ineinandergebaut wird, jedesmal mit verschiedener Größe. Die Form des Einzelstrahlers ist eine Speerspitze, die sich alleine schon durch eine gute Breitbandigkeit auszeichnet. Sie wird dreimal wiederholt und ineinander verschachtelt. Dies gibt eine Tannenbaumform, die auf dem Kopf steht (siehe beipielsweise Figuren 5 und 6). Da für eine Bandbreite von etwas 400 Mhz bei einer Startfrequenz von 470 MHz der Strahler zu lang für die maximale Grundgröße von 8 x 16 cm sein würde, muß die rein selbstähnliche Struktur abgeändert werden, damit die Antenne samt Masse auf die Platine paßt. Die selbstähnliche Struktur liegt in ihrer Dimension zwischen einem Fünfeck und einem Dreieck, so daß ein Kompromiß geschlossen wird, wobei die rein selbstähnliche Struktur so der Platinengröße angepaßt ist, daß die elektrischen Eigenschaften erhalten bleiben. Die Antenne erhält also die positiven elektrischen Eigenschaften unter den besonderen Größenanforderungen. Die Struktur wird aus einem Schnitt von Dreieck und Fünfeck konstruiert, wobei die entstehende Struktur annähernd die Eigenschaften eines rein selbstähnlichen Strahlers behält. Bei dieser Struktur sind die Abmessungen optimiert, ohne die breitbandige Wirkung zu verlieren. Mit dem gezeigten und beschriebenen Antennensystem ist ein Aufbau auf einer Platine möglich, die sehr viel kleiner ist als die bisherigen Antennen mit vergleichbaren elektrischen Eigenschaften. Damit ist der Aufbau auf einer einseitig bedruckten, rechteckigen Platine möglich. Diese Antenne kann leicht in ein aufrechtstehendes Gehäuse eingebaut werden, was den Einsatz als vertikal polarisierte Zimmerantenne leichtmacht. Darüber hinaus ist sie als portable DVB-T-Antenne hervorragen geeignet. Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel erfolgt die Zufuhr des Signals vom Strahlerfußpunkt (untere Spitze des Elfecks) zu der Buchse, an der das Koaxialkabel angebracht wird, wodurch eine unsymmetrische Parallelleitung realisiert ist. Diese führt durch die Massefläche zu dem Buchsenlötpunkt. Die Massefläche wird dabei gespalten, um eine Ausbildung von Einzelflächen mit verschiedenen Strömen zu verhindern, werden die beiden Masseteile durch Drahtbrücken elektrisch verbunden, so daß die Brücke über der Paralleldrahtleitung liegt. Dabei ist auch die Struktur der Massefläche 11 von Bedeutung. Sie ist zwar nicht selbstähnlich, kann aber auch nicht beliebig geändert werden, ohne daß die Antenne schlechter strahlt. Die Massefläche 11 stellt somit eine optimale Ausnutzung der sehr kleinen zur Verfügung stehenden Fläche dar, wobei aber ihre elektrische Funktion sichergestellt ist. Die Masse (Massefläche 11) als Gegengewicht zum Strahler muß groß sein. Ansonsten sucht sich die Antenne die Masse auf dem Anschlußkabel. Daher breiten sich auf dem angeschlossenen Speisekabel bei dieser Antenne Mantelwellen aus, die durch eine Mantelwellensperre beseitigt oder zumindest vom Kabel ferngehalten werden müssen. Dies ist wichtig, damit das Kabel nicht als Antennenteil funktioniert und die Antennenrundstrahleigenschaft gestört oder das Kabel berührempfindlich wird. Die Mantelwellensperre kann durch einen Ferrit auf dem Speisekabel, der Buchse der Antenne oder durch einen Ferrit auf einem Stück Koaxialkabel, welches einen Teil der Paralleldrahtleitung ersetzt, realisiert werden. Sie kann auch durch eine gedruckte Schaltung aus Induktivität und Kondensator auf der nicht leitfähigen Trägerstruktur realisiert werden. Zur Realisierung einer aktiven Ausführung des Antennensystems ist es denkbar, innerhalb der Fläche der Antennenmasse zwischen der Antenne (Antennenstruktur) , die auch dort realisierbar ist, einen beispielsweise aus SMD-Bauteilen bestehenden Antennenverstärker unterzubringen.In summary, based on the antenna structure according to the invention electrically effective innovation that the basic structure is a self-similar Structure is, its final dimensions to the special compact Dimensions that depend on the available space and the frequency range to be applied, adapted and decisive from one purely self-similar structure is changed. That means that the antenna structure only with these special radiator and mass dimensions is usable. Your shape is in other words, a structure that is optimized for the parameters mentioned at the beginning Effectiveness from the combination according to the invention of a modified one self-similar structure and the possible deviations from this in favor the mechanical size. The basic principle of the antenna is a radiator that is built into each other three times, each with a different size. The shape of the Single spotlight is a spearhead that can be distinguished by a good one Broadband characterizes. It is repeated three times and one inside the other nested. This gives a fir tree shape that is upside down (see for example Figures 5 and 6). As for a bandwidth of about 400 MHz at one Starting frequency of 470 MHz the emitter too long for the maximum basic size of 8 x 16 cm, the purely self-similar structure must be modified so that the antenna and mass fit on the board. The self-similar structure lies in their dimension between a pentagon and a triangle, making a compromise is closed, the purely self-similar structure so the board size is adapted that the electrical properties are retained. The antenna maintains the positive electrical properties among the special ones Size requirements. The structure is made up of a triangle and pentagon intersection constructed, the resulting structure approximately the properties of a pure self-similar emitter. With this structure, the dimensions are optimized without losing the broadband effect. With the shown and described antenna system is possible to build on a board, the very is much smaller than previous antennas with comparable electrical Characteristics. This means that the structure is rectangular, printed on one side PCB possible. This antenna can easily be placed in an upright housing can be installed, which can be used as a vertically polarized indoor antenna easy to make. It is also outstanding as a portable DVB-T antenna suitable. In one embodiment, the signal is supplied from the Spotlight base (lower tip of the elf) to the socket on which the coaxial cable is attached, whereby an asymmetrical parallel line is realized. This leads through the ground plane to the socket soldering point. The ground surface is thereby split to form single areas with different currents prevent, the two mass parts are electrically connected by wire bridges, so that the bridge lies over the parallel wire line. The structure of the Ground surface 11 of importance. It is not self-similar, but it can cannot be changed arbitrarily without the antenna radiating poorly. The Ground surface 11 thus provides optimal use of the very small Available area, but ensuring their electrical function is. The mass (ground surface 11) as a counterweight to the radiator must be large. Otherwise the antenna looks for the ground on the connecting cable. Therefore broad sheathed waves on the connected feed cable of this antenna, which are eliminated by a jacket wave barrier or at least kept away from the cable Need to become. This is important so that the cable does not work as an antenna part and the antenna omnidirectional characteristic is disturbed or the cable is sensitive to touch becomes. The standing wave barrier can be replaced by a ferrite on the power cable Socket of the antenna or through a ferrite on a piece of coaxial cable, which part of the parallel wire line can be replaced. You can also by a printed circuit of inductor and capacitor on the non-conductive Support structure can be realized. To realize an active execution of the Antenna system, it is conceivable within the area of the antenna mass between the antenna (antenna structure), which can also be implemented there, one for example to accommodate antenna amplifiers consisting of SMD components.

Die in den Figuren 5 und 6 gezeigten Antennenstrukturen werden beispielsweise auf einer standardisierten Platine untergebracht, wobei eine solche Platine beispielsweise einen Dielektrizitätsfaktor von εr=4,8 und eine Standardbeschichtungsdicke von 70 µm aufweist. Dies sind beispielhafte herkömmliche Eigenschaften einer Platine, so daß die gezeigte Antennenstruktur kostengünstig herzustellen ist. Je nach Veränderung dieser Eigenschaften der Platine, genauso wie Änderungen der äußeren Abmessungen, können die Eigenschaften der Antenne verändert werden.The antenna structures shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 are accommodated, for example, on a standardized circuit board, such a circuit board having, for example, a dielectric factor of ε r = 4.8 and a standard coating thickness of 70 μm. These are exemplary conventional properties of a circuit board, so that the antenna structure shown can be produced inexpensively. Depending on the change in these properties of the board, as well as changes in the external dimensions, the properties of the antenna can be changed.

Claims (10)

Antenne, insbesondere eine Antenne für den Empfang digitaler terrestrischer Signale wie DVB-T-Signale, mit einer elektrisch leitfähigen Antennenstruktur und gegebenenfalls einer elektrisch nicht leitfähigen Trägerstruktur, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antennenstruktur die Grundform eines spitzwinkligen Dreieckes (3) aufweist, dessen Seitenkanten (4) einen zumindest einmal spitzförmigen Verlauf haben.Antenna, in particular an antenna for receiving digital terrestrial signals such as DVB-T signals, with an electrically conductive antenna structure and possibly an electrically non-conductive carrier structure, characterized in that the antenna structure has the basic shape of an acute-angled triangle (3), the side edges ( 4) have an at least once pointed course. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der spitzförmige Verlauf gebildet ist durch Seitenkanten (5, 6) bzw. (7, 8), die von der Seitenkante (4) oder Nähe von der Seitenkante (4) ausgehen.Antenna according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pointed shape is formed by side edges (5, 6) or (7, 8) which start from the side edge (4) or close to the side edge (4). Antenne nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antennenstruktur zu einer Grundachse 9 des Dreieckes (3) spiegelsymmetrisch ist.Antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the antenna structure is mirror-symmetrical to a basic axis 9 of the triangle (3). Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antennenstruktur elfeckig ist.Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the antenna structure is eleven-cornered. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antennenstruktur aus auf einer die Trägerstruktur darstellenden Platine beschichteten und leitfähigem Kupfer gebildet ist. Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the antenna structure is formed from conductive copper coated on a circuit board which represents the carrier structure. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Spitze des Dreieckes (3) einen Fußpunkt (10) der Antenne bildet.Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a tip of the triangle (3) forms a base point (10) of the antenna. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Massefläche (11) zumindest teilweise um eine Spitze des Dreieckes (3), insbesondere um den Fußpunkt (10), herum angeordnet ist.Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a ground surface (11) is arranged at least partially around a tip of the triangle (3), in particular around the base point (10). Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in etwa parallel zu den Seitenkanten (5, 6) ind/oder (7, 8) ein leitfähiger Bereich (16) und dazwischen ein nicht leitfähiger Bereich (17) vorhanden ist.Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there is a conductive area (16) and / or a non-conductive area (17) in between approximately parallel to the side edges (5, 6) and / or (7, 8). Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für einen weiteren Frequenzbereich, insbesondere Band III, eine weitere Antenne, insbesondere eine stabförmige Antenne (15) vorhanden ist.Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there is a further antenna, in particular a rod-shaped antenna (15) , for a further frequency range, in particular band III. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antenne eine integrierte Mantelwellensperre aufweist.Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the antenna has an integrated standing wave barrier.
EP03009090A 2002-05-10 2003-04-19 Antenna of polygonal shape Expired - Lifetime EP1361624B1 (en)

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JP2005094437A (en) * 2003-09-18 2005-04-07 Mitsumi Electric Co Ltd Antenna for uwb
JP2005150804A (en) * 2003-11-11 2005-06-09 Mitsumi Electric Co Ltd Antenna apparatus
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DE102004040401A1 (en) * 2004-08-19 2006-03-09 Hirschmann Electronics Gmbh & Co. Kg Antenna arrangement for receiving e.g. analog DVB-T-signal, has VHF frequency band antenna with multiple antenna conductors electrically connected with one another by frequency dependent active components
WO2006028212A1 (en) * 2004-09-10 2006-03-16 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Surface implementation type antenna and wireless communication apparatus having the same
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DE102013014170A1 (en) * 2013-08-26 2015-02-26 Sebastian Schramm Broadband receiving antenna

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DE102013012776A1 (en) * 2013-08-01 2015-02-05 Sebastian Schramm receiving antenna

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005094437A (en) * 2003-09-18 2005-04-07 Mitsumi Electric Co Ltd Antenna for uwb
JP2005150804A (en) * 2003-11-11 2005-06-09 Mitsumi Electric Co Ltd Antenna apparatus
DE102004040420A1 (en) * 2004-08-19 2006-03-09 Hirschmann Electronics Gmbh & Co. Kg Antenna system for reception of terrestrial high-frequency (HF) signals e.g. for digital television, has device for converting received HF signals for availability for data processing
DE102004040401A1 (en) * 2004-08-19 2006-03-09 Hirschmann Electronics Gmbh & Co. Kg Antenna arrangement for receiving e.g. analog DVB-T-signal, has VHF frequency band antenna with multiple antenna conductors electrically connected with one another by frequency dependent active components
WO2006028212A1 (en) * 2004-09-10 2006-03-16 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Surface implementation type antenna and wireless communication apparatus having the same
EP1701408A1 (en) 2005-03-08 2006-09-13 Hirschmann Multimedia Electronics GmbH DVB-T antenna having two different antenna structures for VHF/UHF
DE102005030240A1 (en) * 2005-03-08 2006-09-14 Hirschmann Electronics Gmbh DVB-T antenna for VHF / UHF and a joint
FR2975536A1 (en) * 2011-05-17 2012-11-23 Ier Antenna for radio frequency identification label for object, has connection circuit including radiation surfaces having shapes and dimensions selected such that radiation pattern of antenna includes three radiation lobes
DE102013014170A1 (en) * 2013-08-26 2015-02-26 Sebastian Schramm Broadband receiving antenna
DE102013014170B4 (en) 2013-08-26 2023-11-02 Sebastian Schramm Broadband receiving antenna

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DE50307351D1 (en) 2007-07-12
EP1361624B1 (en) 2007-05-30
ATE363744T1 (en) 2007-06-15
ES2287382T3 (en) 2007-12-16

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